JP4137002B2 - High-frequency broadband 1-port variable load device using 6-port system - Google Patents

High-frequency broadband 1-port variable load device using 6-port system Download PDF

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JP4137002B2
JP4137002B2 JP2004145408A JP2004145408A JP4137002B2 JP 4137002 B2 JP4137002 B2 JP 4137002B2 JP 2004145408 A JP2004145408 A JP 2004145408A JP 2004145408 A JP2004145408 A JP 2004145408A JP 4137002 B2 JP4137002 B2 JP 4137002B2
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port
reflection coefficient
load device
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variable load
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JP2005326308A (en
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利幸 矢加部
李可人
肇 近藤
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Chuo Electronics Co Ltd
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Description

本発明は、高周波領域(マイクロ波帯、ミリ波帯、サブミリ波帯、テラヘルツ帯)、光領域(赤外線、可視光線、紫外線)などにおける、位相測定技術に関する。   The present invention relates to a phase measurement technique in a high frequency region (microwave band, millimeter wave band, submillimeter wave band, terahertz band), an optical region (infrared ray, visible ray, ultraviolet ray).

6ポート型システムとは、校正により得られるシステム固有のハードウェア情報(校正パラメータ)と、複数の電力測定値(スカラー量)から、2つの波の振幅比と位相差(ベクトル量)を導出する計測システムであり、具体的には5ポート、7ポート等のハードウェア(junction:接合)を含んでいる。以下、より明確にするために一般的な電力測定用ポートを4つとしたシステム、すなわち図1に示す6ポート接合を用いた計測システム(6ポートシステム)で解説する。   The 6-port system derives the amplitude ratio and phase difference (vector quantity) of two waves from system-specific hardware information (calibration parameters) obtained by calibration and a plurality of power measurement values (scalar quantities). It is a measurement system, and specifically includes hardware (junction) such as 5 ports and 7 ports. In the following, for the sake of clarity, a general power measurement port system having four ports, that is, a measurement system using a 6-port junction shown in FIG. 1 (6-port system) will be described.

従来、図2に示されている6ポート接合16と、4つの検波器11とで構成した6ポートシステム10が知られている。
これは、ポート3,4,5,6の4つのポートにそれぞれ電力測定用検波器11を接続し、4つの検波器11の電力(または電圧)測定値を得ることによって、ポート1とポート2に入出力する波a,a,bの3つの波における2つの波の比を知ることができるものである。
図3に示すように、ポート1に1ポート供試デバイス(Device Under Test:DUT)18を、ポート2に発振源19を接続し、ポート1から出力する波bと入力する波aとの比、つまりポート1からDUT18側を見た複素反射係数γ
γ=a/b ・・・・・ (1)
の測定装置をリフレクトメータと呼ぶ。
また、図4に示すように、ポート1から入力する波aとポート2から入力する波aの複素振幅比W
W=a/a ・・・・・ (2)
の測定装置をコリレータと呼ぶ。
Conventionally, a 6-port system 10 including the 6-port junction 16 shown in FIG. 2 and four detectors 11 is known.
This is because the power measurement detectors 11 are connected to the four ports 3, 4, 5, 6, respectively, and the power (or voltage) measurement values of the four detectors 11 are obtained, so that the ports 1 and 2 The ratio of the two waves in the three waves a 1 , a 2 , and b 1 that are input to and output from can be known.
As shown in FIG. 3, a 1-port device under test (DUT) 18 is connected to port 1, an oscillation source 19 is connected to port 2, a wave b 1 output from port 1, and an input wave a 1 Ratio, that is, the complex reflection coefficient γ when the DUT 18 side is viewed from the port 1
γ = a 1 / b 1 (1)
This measuring device is called a reflectometer.
Also, as shown in FIG. 4, the complex amplitude ratio W of the wave a 1 input from the port 1 and the wave a 2 input from the port 2
W = a 2 / a 1 (2)
This measuring device is called a correlator.

リフレクトメータ、コリレータともハードウェアは同一の6ポートシステムを使っており、この6ポートシステム構成は多数存在する。その中でリフレクトメータとして校正し動作させることができると同時に、コリレータとして校正し動作させることができる6ポートシステムの例を図5に示す。   The reflectometer and correlator use the same 6-port system hardware, and there are many 6-port system configurations. FIG. 5 shows an example of a 6-port system that can be calibrated and operated as a reflectometer and can be calibrated and operated as a correlator.

また、本願出願人は、図2に示す6ポートシステムを1つの移相器と、1つの複素反射係数既知の標準器のみで高精度に校正できる方式を考案した。
回路が線形で単一モードのみが伝播する条件下で、出力する波b,b,b,bはポート1,2に対して入出力する波a,a,bの線形結合で表わすことができる。
すなわち、b(i=3,4,5,6)はa,a,bを用いて、

Figure 0004137002
と表わすことができる。ただし、A,B,A ´,B ´は6ポートシステム固有の周波数に依存する複素定数である。
そして、ポートiに接続した検波器による測定電力値をPとすると、Pは出力する波bの二乗に比例し、αを比例定数とすると、
Figure 0004137002
と表わすことができる。
そして、ポート3に対するポートh(h=4,5,6)の電力比は、
Figure 0004137002
と表わされる。この,t´,k´は校正によって求められる校正パラメータである。
特許第3540797号公報 Further, the applicant of the present application has devised a method in which the 6-port system shown in FIG. 2 can be calibrated with high accuracy using only one phase shifter and one standard device having a known complex reflection coefficient.
The wave b 3 , b 4 , b 5 , b 6 to be output is the wave a 1 , a 2 , b 1 input / output to / from the ports 1 and 2 under the condition that the circuit is linear and only the single mode propagates. It can be expressed by a linear combination.
That is, b i (i = 3, 4, 5, 6) uses a 1 , a 2 , b 1 ,
Figure 0004137002
Can be expressed as However, A i , B i , A i , B i are complex constants depending on the frequency inherent to the 6-port system.
And if the measured power value by the detector connected to port i is P i , P i is proportional to the square of the output wave b i , and α is a proportional constant,
Figure 0004137002
Can be expressed as
Then, the power ratio 3 P h ports h (h = 4,5,6) with respect to port 3,
Figure 0004137002
It is expressed as These 3 T h , t h , 3 K h ′, and k h ′ are calibration parameters obtained by calibration.
Japanese Patent No. 35409797

高周波計測システムの主流となっているVNAの校正は、数種類の標準器(ショート、オープン、負荷、スルー、ライン等)を接続することによって行われているが、校正手順が複雑であるという問題がある。
この校正手順が複雑であるために、人為的ミスが発生する原因となる。また、校正時に数種類の標準器の接続と取外しが必要であり、そのため測定精度低下の問題が発生する。
VNA calibration, which is the mainstream of high-frequency measurement systems, is performed by connecting several types of standard devices (short, open, load, through, line, etc.), but the problem is that the calibration procedure is complicated. is there.
This calibration procedure is complicated and causes human error. In addition, it is necessary to connect and remove several types of standard devices during calibration, which causes a problem of reduced measurement accuracy.

本発明は、ポート1とポート2より成る2入力ポートと、残りのポートを電力測定用ポートとして構成し、前記ポート1に入力する波aと出力する波b、およびポート2に入力する波aと出力する波bの4つの波において、2つの波の比で表わされる複素振幅比W=a2/aと複素反射係数γ= 1 /b 1 を同時に求めるようにした6ポート型システムのポート2側に移相器、可変減衰器および短絡終端器を接続した1ポート可変負荷装置において、ポート1から6ポート型システム側を見た複素反射係数Γ=b/aを1ポート可変負荷装置自体で測定し、かつ、任意に前記複素反射係数Γを設定できるようにしたことを特徴とする6ポート型システムを用いたものである。 The present invention includes a second input port consisting of ports 1 and 2, constitutes the remaining port as a port for power measurement, and inputs the wave b 1, and port 2 to output a wave a 1 to be input to the port 1 In the four waves of the wave a 2 and the output wave b 2 , the complex amplitude ratio W = a 2 / a 1 and the complex reflection coefficient γ = a 1 / b 1 represented by the ratio of the two waves are obtained simultaneously. In a 1-port variable load device in which a phase shifter, a variable attenuator, and a short-circuit terminator are connected to the port 2 side of a 6-port type system, the complex reflection coefficient Γ = b 1 / a seen from the port 1 to the 6-port type system side 1 was measured in 1-port variable load device itself, and, those with 6-port system which is characterized in that to be able to configure the complex reflection coefficient Γ arbitrarily.

以上説明したように、本発明による手段により、設定周波数に対し所望の複素反射係数を設定できる簡単な構成、かつ、安価な1ポート負荷装置を実現することができる。   As described above, by means of the present invention, it is possible to realize an inexpensive one-port load device that has a simple configuration that can set a desired complex reflection coefficient for a set frequency.

以下に、本発明を図面を参照しながら説明する。
図1に6ポートシステムを用いた1ポート可変負荷装置の実施例を示す。
本装置は、図1のように、点線枠で囲まれた6ポートシステム10、可変減衰器13、移相器14、短絡終端器15および制御部17によって構成される。
前記制御部17は、ポート1から6ポートシステム10側を見た複素反射係数Γ
Γ=b/a ・・・・・ (11)
に対して、所望の複素反射係数Γを自動的に設定できるように、以下のA)〜D)を繰り返し操作する。
A)検波器11を用いて電力(または電圧)12を測定する。
B)ポート1の複素反射係数Γを算出する。
C)Γと所望の複素反射係数Γとの偏差を計算する。
D)ΓとΓの偏差が設定値以内となるまで、可変減衰器13と移相器14を調整する。
図1の6ポートシステム10は、設定周波数で予め校正してあるので、設定周波数に対し既知の負荷として使用できる。
The present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of a 1-port variable load device using a 6-port system.
As shown in FIG. 1, this apparatus includes a 6-port system 10, a variable attenuator 13, a phase shifter 14, a short-circuit terminator 15, and a control unit 17 surrounded by a dotted frame.
The controller 17 has a complex reflection coefficient Γ as seen from the port 1 to the 6-port system 10 side.
Γ = b 1 / a 1 (11)
On the other hand, the following A) to D) are repeatedly operated so that a desired complex reflection coefficient Γ s can be automatically set.
A) The power (or voltage) 12 is measured using the detector 11.
B) The complex reflection coefficient Γ m of port 1 is calculated.
C) Calculate the deviation between Γ m and the desired complex reflection coefficient Γ s .
D) Adjust the variable attenuator 13 and the phase shifter 14 until the deviation between Γ m and Γ s is within the set value.
Since the 6-port system 10 of FIG. 1 is calibrated in advance at a set frequency, it can be used as a known load for the set frequency.

以下、図1のポート1に対する複素反射係数Γの求め方を説明する。
<Sパラメータと校正パラメータの関係>
図1の検波器11を含んだ6ポートシステム(2ポート)のSパラメータをS11,S12,S21,S22とすると、
=S11+S12 ・・・・・ (12)
=S21+S22 ・・・・・ (13)
となり、式(12)の両辺をaで除することにより
Γ=S11+S12W ・・・・・ (14)
を得る。また、式(12)よりW,γ,S11,S12には
γ=1/(S11+S12W) ・・・・・ (15)
の関係がある。これを式(8)に代入し(7)と比較すると、

Figure 0004137002
である。従って、
Figure 0004137002
の関係が得られる。
´,tは校正過程でそれぞれ3組得られるので、S11,S12は提案する1ポート可変負荷装置自身で求めることができる。
式(14)の関係においてWは式(7)より求めることができ、Sパラメータは式(17)により求められているので、ポート1の複素反射係数Γを求めることができる。 Hereinafter, a method of obtaining the complex reflection coefficient Γ for the port 1 in FIG. 1 will be described.
<Relationship between S parameter and calibration parameter>
If the S parameters of the 6-port system (2 ports) including the detector 11 of FIG. 1 are S 11 , S 12 , S 21 , S 22 ,
b 1 = S 11 a 1 + S 12 a 2 (12)
b 2 = S 21 a 1 + S 22 a 2 (13)
By dividing both sides of the equation (12) by a 1 Γ = S 11 + S 12 W (14)
Get. Also, from equation (12), γ = 1 / (S 11 + S 12 W) for W, γ, S 11 , S 12 (15)
There is a relationship. Substituting this into equation (8) and comparing with (7),
Figure 0004137002
It is. Therefore,
Figure 0004137002
The relationship is obtained.
Since three sets of k h ′ and t h are obtained in the calibration process, S 11 and S 12 can be obtained by the proposed 1-port variable load device itself.
In the relationship of equation (14), W can be obtained from equation (7), and the S parameter is obtained from equation (17), so that the complex reflection coefficient Γ of port 1 can be obtained.

<所望なΓの設定方法>
ここでは、まず|W|=1,|S11|=0,|S12|=|S21|=1と仮定すると、可変減衰器13による減衰がない状態では、Γは図6に示す複素平面上の単位円周上に存在する。例として、測定結果Γが×印の時、可変減衰器13の操作によりΓへ調整し、次に移相器14の操作によりΓへ設定できる。
従って、Γを単位円内で任意に設定できる。
図1の装置では、検波器11による電力測定損失のため単位円内のある領域に限定されるが、リニア・アンプ等の導入により改善できる。
<Desired Γ setting method>
Here, assuming that | W | = 1, | S 11 | = 0, | S 12 | = | S 21 | = 1, Γ is complex as shown in FIG. It exists on the unit circumference on the plane. As an example, when the measurement result Γ m is marked with x, it can be adjusted to Γ a by operating the variable attenuator 13 and then set to Γ s by operating the phase shifter 14.
Therefore, Γ can be arbitrarily set within the unit circle.
In the apparatus of FIG. 1, the power measurement loss by the detector 11 is limited to a certain area in the unit circle, but this can be improved by introducing a linear amplifier or the like.

以上述べたように、本発明による1ポート可変負荷装置は、比較的基本的な部品で構成される6ポートシステムを中核に、可変減衰器13、移相器14、短絡終端器15および制御部17で構成されたシステムであり、本装置により設定周波数において所望の複素反射係数を設定することを可能にした。   As described above, the 1-port variable load device according to the present invention has the 6-port system composed of relatively basic components as the core, the variable attenuator 13, the phase shifter 14, the short-circuit terminator 15, and the control unit. 17, and this apparatus can set a desired complex reflection coefficient at a set frequency.

1ポート可変負荷装置の構成図。The block diagram of 1 port variable load apparatus. 6ポートシステムのモデル図。Model diagram of 6-port system. リフレクトメータ(ポート1にDUT、ポート2に発振源)の構成図。The block diagram of a reflectometer (DUT in port 1 and an oscillation source in port 2). コリレータの構成図。The block diagram of a correlator. 6ポートシステムの例。Example of a 6-port system. 複素反射係数Γの設定方法。Setting method of complex reflection coefficient Γ.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

1,2,3,4,5,6 ポート
10 6ポートシステム
11 検波器
12 電圧または電力
13 可変減衰器
14 移相器
15 短絡終端器
16 6ポート接合
17 制御部
18 DUT
19,20 発振源
21,22,23,24 Q(90°ハイブリッド)
25,26,27,28 無反射終端器
29,30 方向性結合器
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 Port 10 6 Port System 11 Detector 12 Voltage or Power 13 Variable Attenuator 14 Phase Shifter 15 Short Circuit Terminator 16 6 Port Junction 17 Control Unit 18 DUT
19, 20 Oscillation source 21, 22, 23, 24 Q (90 ° hybrid)
25, 26, 27, 28 Non-reflective terminator 29, 30 Directional coupler

Claims (2)

ポート1とポート2より成る2入力ポートと、残りのポートを電力測定用ポートとして
構成し、
前記ポート1に入力する波aと出力する波b、およびポート2に入力する波a
出力する波bの4つの波において、2つの波の比で表わされる複素振幅比W=a/a
と複素反射係数γ= 1 /b 1 を同時に求めるようにした6ポート型システムのポート
2側に移相器、可変減衰器および短絡終端器を接続した1ポート可変負荷装置において、
ポート1から6ポート型システム側を見た複素反射係数Γ=b/aを1ポート可変
負荷装置自体で測定し、かつ、任意に前記複素反射係数Γを設定できるようにしたことを
特徴とする6ポート型システムを用いた高周波広帯域1ポート可変負荷装置。
Configure two input ports consisting of port 1 and port 2 and the remaining ports as power measurement ports,
In the four waves of the wave a 1 inputted to the port 1 and the wave b 1 outputted and the wave a 2 inputted to the port 2 and the wave b 2 outputted, the complex amplitude ratio W = a 2 / a
In a 1-port variable load device in which a phase shifter, a variable attenuator and a short-circuit terminator are connected to the port 2 side of a 6-port system in which 1 and a complex reflection coefficient γ = a 1 / b 1 are obtained simultaneously,
The complex reflection coefficient Γ = b 1 / a 1 viewed from the port 1 to the 6-port system side is measured by the 1-port variable load device itself, and the complex reflection coefficient Γ can be arbitrarily set. A high-frequency broadband 1-port variable load device using a 6-port system.
複素反射係数Γを求めるのに必要な6ポート型システムの電力測定用ポートに電力測定
系を接続した2ポート回路のSパラメータを、6ポート型システム固有の複素反射係数測
定用のリフレクトメータ校正パラメータと、複素振幅比測定用のコリレータ校正パラメー
タを用いて算出するようにしたことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の6ポート型システムを
用いた高周波広帯域1ポート可変負荷装置。
The S-parameter of the 2-port circuit that connects the power measurement system to the power measurement port of the 6-port system required to determine the complex reflection coefficient Γ, and the reflectometer calibration parameter for complex reflection coefficient measurement specific to the 6-port system The high-frequency broadband 1-port variable load device using the 6-port system according to claim 1, wherein the calculation is performed using a correlator calibration parameter for complex amplitude ratio measurement.
JP2004145408A 2004-05-14 2004-05-14 High-frequency broadband 1-port variable load device using 6-port system Expired - Fee Related JP4137002B2 (en)

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