JP4134414B2 - Electrolyte for lithium secondary battery and lithium secondary battery using the same - Google Patents

Electrolyte for lithium secondary battery and lithium secondary battery using the same Download PDF

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JP4134414B2
JP4134414B2 JP36943498A JP36943498A JP4134414B2 JP 4134414 B2 JP4134414 B2 JP 4134414B2 JP 36943498 A JP36943498 A JP 36943498A JP 36943498 A JP36943498 A JP 36943498A JP 4134414 B2 JP4134414 B2 JP 4134414B2
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battery
electrolyte
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lithium secondary
secondary battery
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JP2000195546A (en
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俊一 浜本
浩司 安部
勉 高井
保男 松森
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Ube Corp
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Ube Industries Ltd
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、電池のサイクル特性や電気容量、保存特性などの電池特性にも優れたリチウム二次電池を提供することができる新規なリチウム二次電池用電解液、およびそれを用いたリチウム二次電池に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
近年、リチウム二次電池は小型電子機器などの駆動用電源として広く使用されている。リチウム二次電池は、主に正極、非水電解液および負極から構成されており、特に、LiCoO2などのリチウム複合酸化物を正極とし、炭素材料又はリチウム金属を負極としたリチウム二次電池が好適に使用されている。そして、そのリチウム二次電池用の電解液としては、エチレンカーボネート(EC)、プロピレンカーボネート(PC)などのカーボネート類が好適に使用されている。
【0003】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、電池のサイクル特性および電気容量などの電池特性について、さらに優れた特性を有する二次電池が求められている。
正極活物質として、例えば、LiCoO2、LiMn24、LiNiO2などを用いたリチウム二次電池は、非水電解液中の溶媒が充電時に局部的に一部酸化分解することにより、該分解物が電池の望ましい電気化学的反応を阻害するために電池性能の低下を生じる。これは、正極材料と非水電解液との界面における溶媒の電気化学的酸化に起因するものと思われる。
また、負極活物質として例えば天然黒鉛や人造黒鉛などの高結晶化した炭素材料を用いたリチウム二次電池は、炭素材料の剥離が観察され、現象の程度によって容量が不可逆となることがある。この剥離は、電解液中の溶媒が充電時に分解することにより起こるものであり、炭素負極材料と電解液との界面における溶媒の電気化学的還元に起因するものである。このため、電池のサイクル特性および電気容量などの電池特性は必ずしも満足なものではないのが現状である。
【0004】
本発明は、前記のようなリチウム二次電池用電解液に関する課題を解決し、電池のサイクル特性に優れ、さらに電気容量や充電状態での保存特性などの電池特性にも優れたリチウム二次電池を構成することができるリチウム二次電池用の電解液、およびそれを用いたリチウム二次電池を提供することを目的とする。
【0005】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は、非水溶媒に電解質が溶解されている電解液において、該電解液中に下記一般式(I)
【0006】
【化3】

Figure 0004134414
【0007】
(式中、R1およびR2は、それぞれ独立して炭素数1〜12のアルキル基、炭素数3〜6のシクロアルキル基、アリール基を示す。式中、Xは、酸素原子または硫黄原子を示す。nは1または2の整数を示す。ただし、nが1の場合は、R 1 およびR 2 はそれぞれ独立してアリール基である。)で表される化合物のうち少なくとも1種が電解液の重量に対し0.01〜10重量%含有されていることを特徴とするリチウム二次電池用電解液に関する。
【0008】
また、本発明は、正極、負極および非水溶媒に電解質が溶解されている電解液からなるリチウム二次電池において、該電解液中に下記一般式(I)
【0009】
【化4】
Figure 0004134414
【0010】
(式中、R1およびR2は、それぞれ独立して炭素数1〜12のアルキル基、炭素数3〜6のシクロアルキル基、アリール基を示す。式中、Xは、酸素原子または硫黄原子を示す。nは1または2の整数を示す。ただし、nが1の場合は、R 1 およびR 2 はそれぞれ独立してアリール基である。)で表される化合物のうち少なくとも1種が電解液の重量に対し0.01〜10重量%含有されていることを特徴とするリチウム二次電池に関する。
【0011】
電解液中に含有される前記一般式(I)で表される化合物は、充電時に炭素負極表面で、電解液中の有機溶媒より先に還元分解して、該分解物の一部は、天然黒鉛や人造黒鉛などの活性で高結晶化した炭素負極表面に不働態皮膜を形成することにより、電解液中の有機溶媒の還元分解を未然に防ぐと推定される。
さらに、該分解物の一部は、正極材料表面の電位が過度に高くなった微少な過電圧部分において、電解液中の有機溶媒より先に酸化分解して、電解液中の有機溶媒の酸化分解を未然に防ぐと推定される。
これにより、電池の正常な反応を損なうことなく電解液の分解を抑制する効果を有するものと考えられる。
【0012】
【発明の実施の形態】
非水溶媒に電解質が溶解されている電解液に含有される該化合物において、前記一般式(I)で表される化合物におけるR1およびR2は、それぞれ独立してメチル基、エチル基、プロピル基、ブチル基、ペンチル基、ヘキシル基のような炭素数1〜12のアルキル基が好ましい。アルキル基はイソプロピル基、イソブチル基のような分枝アルキル基でもよい。また、シクロプロピル基、シクロヘキシル基のような炭素数3〜6のシクロアルキル基でもよい。また、フェニル基、ベンジル基、p−トリル基のような炭素数1〜12のアリール基を含有するものでもよい。また、Xは酸素原子または硫黄原子を示す。nは1または2の整数を示す。ただし、nが1の場合は、R 1 およびR 2 はそれぞれ独立してアリール基である。
【0013】
前記一般式(I)で表される該化合物の具体例としては、例えば、X=酸素原子の場合、S−フェニル O−フェニル チオカーボネート〔R1=R2=フェニル基、n=1〕、S−メチルO−メチル チオオギザレート〔R1=メチル基、R2=メチル基、n=2〕、S−エチル O−メチル チオオギザレート〔R1=エチル基、R2=メチル基、n=2〕、S−ブチル O−メチル チオオギザレート〔R1=ブチル基、R2=メチル基、n=2〕、S−シクロヘキシル O−メチルチオオギザレート〔R1=シクロヘキシル基、R2=メチル基、n=2〕、S−フェニルO−メチル チオオギザレート〔R1=フェニル基、R2=メチル基、n=2〕、S−フェニル O−エチル チオオギザレート〔R1=フェニル基、R2=エチル基、n=2〕、S−フェニル O−シクロヘキシル チオオギザレート〔R1=フェニル基、R2=シクロヘキシル基、n=2〕、S−フェニル O−フェニル チオオギザレート〔R1=R2=フェニル基、n=2〕、S−p−トリルO−メチル チオオギザレート〔R1=p−トリル基、R2=メチル基、n=2〕が挙げられる。また、例えば、X=硫黄原子の場合、S−フェニル S−フェニル ジチオカーボネート〔R1=R2=フェニル基、n=1〕、S−メチルO−メチル ジチオオギザレート〔R1=メチル基、R2=メチル基、n=2〕、S−エチル S−メチル ジチオオギザレート〔R1=エチル基、R2=メチル基、n=2〕、S−ブチル S−メチル ジチオオギザレート〔R1=ブチル基、R2=メチル基、n=2〕、S−シクロヘキシル S−メチル ジチオオギザレート〔R1=シクロヘキシル基、R2=メチル基、n=2〕、S−フェニル S−メチル ジチオオギザレート〔R1=フェニル基、R2=メチル基、n=2〕、S−フェニル S−エチル ジチオオギザレート〔R1=フェニル基、R2=エチル基、n=2〕、S−フェニル S−シクロヘキシル ジチオオギザレート〔R1=フェニル基、R2 =シクロヘキシル基、n=2〕、S−フェニル S−フェニル ジチオオギザレート〔R1=R2=フェニル基、n=2〕、S−p−トリル S−メチル ジチオオギザレート〔R1=p−トリル基、R2=メチル基、n=2〕が挙げられる。ただし、本発明はこれらの化合物に何ら限定されるものではない。
【0014】
前記化合物において、前記一般式(I)で表される化合物の含有量は、過度に多いと、電解液の電導度などが変わり電池性能が低下することがあり、また、過度に少ないと、十分な皮膜が形成されず、期待した電池特性が得られないので、電解液の重量に対して0.01〜10重量%、特に0.1〜5重量%の範囲が好ましい。
【0015】
本発明で使用される非水溶媒としては、高誘電率溶媒と低粘度溶媒とからなるものが好ましい。
高誘電率溶媒としては、例えば、エチレンカーボネート(EC)、プロピレンカーボネート(PC)、ブチレンカーボネート(BC)などの環状カーボネート類が好適に挙げられる。これらの高誘電率溶媒は、1種類で使用してもよく、また2種類以上組み合わせて使用してもよい。
【0016】
低粘度溶媒としては、例えば、ジメチルカーボネート(DMC)、メチルエチルカーボネート(MEC)、ジエチルカーボネート(DEC)などの鎖状カーボネート類、テトラヒドロフラン、2−メチルテトラヒドロフラン、1,4−ジオキサン、1,2−ジメトキシエタン、1,2−ジエトキシエタン、1,2−ジブトキシエタンなどのエーテル類、γ−ブチロラクトンなどのラクトン類、アセトニトリルなどのニトリル類、プロピオン酸メチルなどのエステル類、ジメチルホルムアミドなどのアミド類が挙げられる。これらの低粘度溶媒は1種類で使用してもよく、また2種類以上組み合わせて使用してもよい。
高誘電率溶媒と低粘度溶媒とはそれぞれ任意に選択され組み合わせて使用される。なお、前記の高誘電率溶媒および低粘度溶媒は、容量比(高誘電率溶媒:低粘度溶媒)で通常1:9〜4:1、好ましくは1:4〜7:3の割合で使用される。
【0017】
本発明で使用される電解質としては、例えば、LiPF6、LiBF4、LiClO4、LiN(SO2CF32、LiN(SO2252、LiC(SO2CF33などが挙げられる。これらの電解質は、1種類で使用してもよく、2種類以上組み合わせて使用してもよい。これら電解質は、前記の非水溶媒に通常0.1〜3M、好ましくは0.5〜1.5Mの濃度で溶解されて使用される。
【0018】
本発明の電解液は、例えば、前記の高誘電率溶媒や低粘度溶媒を混合し、これに前記の電解質を溶解し、前記一般式(I)で表される該化合物のうち少なくとも1種を溶解することにより得られる。
【0019】
本発明の電解液は、二次電池の構成部材、特にリチウム二次電池の構成部材として好適に使用される。二次電池を構成する電解液以外の構成部材については特に限定されず、従来使用されている種々の構成部材を使用できる。
【0020】
例えば、正極活物質としてはコバルト、マンガン、ニッケル、クロム、鉄およびバナジウムからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種類の金属とリチウムとの複合金属酸化物が使用される。このような複合金属酸化物としては、例えば、LiCoO2、LiMn24、LiNiO2などが挙げられる。
【0021】
正極は、前記の正極活物質をアセチレンブラック、カーボンブラックなどの導電剤およびポリテトラフルオロエチレン(PTFE)、ポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVDF)などの結着剤と混練して正極合剤とした後、この正極材料を集電体としてのアルミニウムやステンレス製の箔やラス板に圧延して、50℃〜250℃程度の温度で2時間程度真空下で加熱処理することにより作製される。
【0022】
負極(負極活物質)としては、リチウム金属やリチウム合金、およびリチウムを吸蔵・放出可能な黒鉛型結晶構造を有する炭素材料〔熱分解炭素類、コークス類、グラファイト類(人造黒鉛、天然黒鉛など)、有機高分子化合物燃焼体、炭素繊維〕や複合スズ酸化物などの物質が使用される。特に、格子面(002)の面間隔(d002)が0.335〜0.340nm(ナノメーター)である黒鉛型結晶構造を有する炭素材料を使用することが好ましい。なお、炭素材料のような粉末材料はエチレンプロピレンジエンモノマー(EPDM)、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン(PTFE)、ポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVDF)などの結着剤と混練して負極合剤として使用される。
【0023】
リチウム二次電池の構造は特に限定されるものではなく、正極、負極および単層又は複層のセパレータを有するコイン型電池、さらに、正極、負極およびロール状のセパレータを有する円筒型電池や角型電池などが一例として挙げられる。なお、セパレータとしては公知のポリオレフィンの微多孔膜、織布、不織布などが使用される。
【0024】
【実施例】
次に、実施例および比較例を挙げて、本発明を具体的に説明する。
実施例1
〔電解液の調製〕
EC−DMC(容量比)=1:2の非水溶媒を調製し、これにLiPF6 を1Mの濃度になるように溶解して電解液を調製した後、さらにS−フェニル O−メチル チオオギザレートを電解液に対して0.2重量%となるように加えた。
【0025】
〔リチウム二次電池の作製および電池特性の測定〕
LiCoO2 (正極活物質)を80重量%、アセチレンブラック(導電剤)を10重量%、ポリフッ化ビニリデン(結着剤)を10重量%の割合で混合し、これに1−メチル−2−ピロリドンを加えてスラリー状にしてアルミ箔上に塗布した。その後、これを乾燥し、加圧成形して正極を調製した。天然黒鉛(負極活物質)を90重量%、ポリフッ化ビニリデン(結着剤)を10重量%の割合で混合し、これに1−メチル−2−ピロリドンを加えてスラリー状にして銅箔上に塗布した。その後、これを乾燥し、加圧成形して負極を調製した。そして、ポリプロピレン微多孔性フィルムのセパレータを用い、上記の電解液を注入してコイン電池(直径20mm、厚さ3.2mm)を作製した。
このコイン電池を用いて、室温(20℃)下、0.8mAの定電流及び定電圧で、終止電圧4.2Vまで5時間で充電し、次に0.8mAの定電流下、終止電圧2.7Vまで放電し、この充放電を繰り返した。初期放電容量は、EC−DMC(1/2)を電解液として用いた場合(比較例1)と比較してその相対容量として算出し、1.02であった。50サイクル後の電池特性を測定したところ、初期放電容量を100%としたときの放電容量維持率は92.4%であった。また、低温特性も良好であった。コイン電池の作製条件および電池特性を表1に示す。
【0026】
実施例2
S−フェニル O−メチル チオオギザレートを電解液に対して3.0重量%使用したほかは実施例1と同様に電解液を調製してコイン電池を作製し、初期放電容量の相対容量は1.01であり、50サイクル後の電池特性を測定したところ、放電容量維持率は90.3%であった。コイン電池の作製条件および電池特性を表1に示す。
【0027】
実施例3
S−フェニル O−メチル チオオギザレートを電解液に対して8.0重量%使用したほかは実施例1と同様に電解液を調製してコイン電池を作製し、初期放電容量の相対容量は0.98であり、50サイクル後の電池特性を測定したところ、放電容量維持率は86.2%であった。コイン電池の作製条件および電池特性を表1に示す。
【0028】
実施例4
S−フェニル O−メチル チオオギザレートを電解液に対して0.02重量%使用したほかは実施例1と同様に電解液を調製してコイン電池を作製し、初期放電容量の相対容量は1.0であり、50サイクル後の電池特性を測定したところ、放電容量維持率は87.6%であった。コイン電池の作製条件および電池特性を表1に示す。
【0029】
参考例5
S−フェニル O−メチル チオカーボネートを電解液に対して0.2重量%使用し、DMCの代わりにMECを使用したほかは実施例1と同様に電解液を調製してコイン電池を作製し、初期放電容量の相対容量は1.01であり、50サイクル後の電池特性を測定したところ、放電容量維持率は90.7であった。コイン電池の作製条件および電池特性を表1に示す。(ただし、表1の実施例5は参考例5とする。)
【0030】
実施例6
S,S−ジフェニル ジチオオギザレートを電解液に対して0.2重量%使用したほかは実施例5と同様に電解液を調製してコイン電池を作製し、初期放電容量の相対容量は1.03であり、50サイクル後の電池特性を測定したところ、放電容量維持率は92.1%であった。コイン電池の作製条件および電池特性を表1に示す。
【0031】
実施例7
S,S−ジフェニル ジチオカーボネートを電解液に対して0.2重量%使用したほかは実施例5と同様に電解液を調製してコイン電池を作製し、初期放電容量の相対容量は1.03であり、50サイクル後の電池特性を測定したところ、放電容量維持率は91.6%であった。コイン電池の作製条件および電池特性を表1に示す。
【0032】
実施例8
S,S−ジフェニル ジチオオギザレートを電解液に対して0.2重量%使用し、PC−EC−MEC(容量比)=1:1:2の非水溶媒を使用したほかは実施例1と同様に電解液を調製してコイン電池を作製し、初期放電容量の相対容量は1.01であり、50サイクル後の電池特性を測定したところ、放電容量維持率は92.5%であった。また、低温特性も良好であった。コイン電池の作製条件および電池特性を表1に示す。
【0033】
実施例9
正極活物質として、LiCoO2に代えてLiMn24を使用し、S−フェニル O−メチル チオオギザレートを電解液に対して0.2重量%使用したほかは実施例1と同様に電解液を調製してコイン電池を作製し、初期放電容量の相対容量は0.82であり、50サイクル後の電池特性を測定したところ、放電容量維持率は93.1%であった。コイン電池の作製条件および電池特性を表1に示す。
【0034】
実施例10
正極活物質として、LiCoO2に代えてLiCo0.1Ni0.92を使用したほかは実施例1と同様に電解液を調製してコイン電池を作製し、初期放電容量の相対容量は1.20であり、50サイクル後の電池特性を測定したところ、放電容量維持率は91.4%であった。コイン電池の作製条件および電池特性を表1に示す。
【0035】
実施例11
負極活物質として、天然黒鉛に代えて人造黒鉛を使用したほかは実施例1と同様に電解液を調製してコイン電池を作製し、初期放電容量の相対容量は1.05であり、50サイクル後の電池特性を測定したところ、放電容量維持率は92.8%であった。コイン電池の作製条件および電池特性を表1に示す。
【0036】
比較例1
EC:DMC(容量比)=1:2の非水溶媒を調製し、これにLiPF6 を1Mの濃度になるように溶解した。このとき化合物(I)は全く添加しなかった。この電解液を使用して実施例1と同様にコイン電池を作製し、電池特性を測定した。この場合の初期放電容量の相対容量を1とする。初期放電容量に対し、50サイクル後の放電容量維持率は83.8%であった。コイン電池の作製条件および電池特性を表1に示す。
【0037】
【表1】
Figure 0004134414
【0038】
なお、本発明は記載の実施例に限定されず、発明の趣旨から容易に類推可能な様々な組み合わせが可能である。特に、上記実施例の溶媒の組み合わせは限定されるものではない。更には、上記実施例はコイン電池に関するものであるが、本発明は円筒形、角柱形の電池にも適用される。
【0039】
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば、広い温度範囲でのサイクル特性や電気容量、更には保存特性などの電池特性に優れたリチウム二次電池を提供することができる。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides a novel lithium secondary battery electrolyte solution that is excellent in battery characteristics such as battery cycle characteristics, electric capacity, and storage characteristics, and a lithium secondary battery using the same. It relates to batteries.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In recent years, lithium secondary batteries have been widely used as driving power sources for small electronic devices and the like. A lithium secondary battery is mainly composed of a positive electrode, a non-aqueous electrolyte, and a negative electrode. In particular, a lithium secondary battery using a lithium composite oxide such as LiCoO 2 as a positive electrode and a carbon material or lithium metal as a negative electrode is used. It is preferably used. As the electrolyte for the lithium secondary battery, carbonates such as ethylene carbonate (EC) and propylene carbonate (PC) are preferably used.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, there is a demand for a secondary battery having more excellent battery characteristics such as battery cycle characteristics and electric capacity.
As a positive electrode active material, for example, a lithium secondary battery using LiCoO 2 , LiMn 2 O 4 , LiNiO 2, etc. is partially decomposed by oxidative decomposition of the solvent in the non-aqueous electrolyte during charging. Since the objects inhibit the desired electrochemical reaction of the battery, the battery performance is degraded. This is probably due to the electrochemical oxidation of the solvent at the interface between the positive electrode material and the non-aqueous electrolyte.
In addition, in a lithium secondary battery using a highly crystallized carbon material such as natural graphite or artificial graphite as the negative electrode active material, peeling of the carbon material is observed, and the capacity may be irreversible depending on the degree of the phenomenon. This peeling occurs when the solvent in the electrolytic solution is decomposed during charging, and is caused by electrochemical reduction of the solvent at the interface between the carbon negative electrode material and the electrolytic solution. For this reason, at present, battery characteristics such as battery cycle characteristics and electric capacity are not always satisfactory.
[0004]
The present invention solves the above-described problems relating to the electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery, is excellent in cycle characteristics of the battery, and further excellent in battery characteristics such as electric capacity and storage characteristics in a charged state. It is an object of the present invention to provide an electrolytic solution for a lithium secondary battery that can constitute the battery and a lithium secondary battery using the same.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention relates to an electrolytic solution in which an electrolyte is dissolved in a non-aqueous solvent.
[0006]
[Chemical 3]
Figure 0004134414
[0007]
(In the formula, R 1 and R 2 each independently represent an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 6 carbon atoms, or an aryl group. In the formula, X represents an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom. the .n is an integer of 1 or 2 indicating. However, if n is 1, at least one of R 1 and R 2 are each independently an aryl group.) the compound represented by the electrolytic The present invention relates to an electrolytic solution for a lithium secondary battery, characterized by being contained in an amount of 0.01 to 10% by weight based on the weight of the solution.
[0008]
The present invention also provides a lithium secondary battery comprising an electrolytic solution in which an electrolyte is dissolved in a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a non-aqueous solvent.
[0009]
[Formula 4]
Figure 0004134414
[0010]
(In the formula, R 1 and R 2 each independently represent an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 6 carbon atoms, or an aryl group. In the formula, X represents an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom. the .n is an integer of 1 or 2 indicating. However, if n is 1, at least one of R 1 and R 2 are each independently an aryl group.) the compound represented by the electrolytic The present invention relates to a lithium secondary battery characterized by containing 0.01 to 10% by weight based on the weight of the liquid .
[0011]
The compound represented by the general formula (I) contained in the electrolyte solution is reduced and decomposed on the surface of the carbon negative electrode prior to the organic solvent in the electrolyte solution at the time of charging. It is presumed that reductive decomposition of the organic solvent in the electrolytic solution is prevented beforehand by forming a passive film on the surface of the carbon negative electrode that is highly crystallized with activity such as graphite and artificial graphite.
Furthermore, a part of the decomposition product is oxidized and decomposed before the organic solvent in the electrolytic solution at a minute overvoltage portion where the potential on the surface of the positive electrode material is excessively high, so that the organic solvent in the electrolytic solution is oxidized and decomposed. It is estimated that this will be prevented.
Thereby, it is thought that it has the effect which suppresses decomposition | disassembly of electrolyte solution, without impairing the normal reaction of a battery.
[0012]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
In the compound contained in the electrolyte solution in which the electrolyte is dissolved in the nonaqueous solvent, R 1 and R 2 in the compound represented by the general formula (I) are each independently a methyl group, an ethyl group, or a propyl group. An alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms such as a group, a butyl group, a pentyl group and a hexyl group is preferred. The alkyl group may be a branched alkyl group such as isopropyl group or isobutyl group. Moreover, a C3-C6 cycloalkyl group like a cyclopropyl group and a cyclohexyl group may be sufficient. Moreover, you may contain a C1-C12 aryl group like a phenyl group, a benzyl group, and p-tolyl group. X represents an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom . n represents an integer of 1 or 2. However, when n is 1, R 1 and R 2 are each independently an aryl group.
[0013]
Specific examples of the compound represented by the general formula (I) include, for example, when X = oxygen atom , S -phenyl O-phenyl thiocarbonate [R 1 = R 2 = phenyl group, n = 1] , S -methyl O-methyl thioogizarate [R 1 = methyl group, R 2 = methyl group, n = 2], S-ethyl O-methyl thioogizarate [R 1 = ethyl group, R 2 = methyl group, n = 2], S-Butyl O-methyl thioogizarate [R 1 = butyl group, R 2 = methyl group, n = 2], S-cyclohexyl O-methyl thiooxalate [R 1 = cyclohexyl group, R 2 = methyl group, n = 2 ], S- phenyl O- methyl Chioogizareto [R 1 = phenyl group, R 2 = methyl, n = 2], S- phenyl O- ethyl Chioogizareto [R 1 = phenyl group, R 2 = ethyl, n = 2 , S- phenyl O- cyclohexyl Chioogizareto [R 1 = phenyl group, R 2 = cyclohexyl, n = 2], S- phenyl O- phenyl Chioogizareto [R 1 = R 2 = phenyl, n = 2], S- and p-tolyl O-methyl thioogizalate [R 1 = p-tolyl group, R 2 = methyl group, n = 2]. Further, for example, when X = sulfur atom , S -phenyl S-phenyl dithiocarbonate [R 1 = R 2 = phenyl group, n = 1] , S -methyl O-methyl dithioogizarate [R 1 = methyl group , R 2 = methyl group, n = 2], S-ethyl S-methyl dithioogizarate [R 1 = ethyl group, R 2 = methyl group, n = 2], S-butyl S-methyl dithioogizarate [R 1 = butyl group, R 2 = methyl group, n = 2], S-cyclohexyl S-methyl dithioogizarate [R 1 = cyclohexyl group, R 2 = methyl group, n = 2], S-phenyl S - methyldithiopropanoyl O Giza rate [R 1 = phenyl group, R 2 = methyl, n = 2], S- phenyl S- ethyldithiocarbonato o Giza rate [R 1 = phenyl group, R 2 = ethyl, n = 2 ], S-phenyl S-cyclohex Le dithio o Giza rate [R 1 = phenyl group, R 2 = cyclohexyl, n = 2], S- phenyl S- phenyl dithiocarbamate o Giza rate [R 1 = R 2 = phenyl, n = 2], S- p-tolyl S-methyl dithioogizarate [R 1 = p-tolyl group, R 2 = methyl group, n = 2]. However, the present invention is not limited to these compounds.
[0014]
In the compound, if the content of the compound represented by the general formula (I) is excessively large, the electrical conductivity of the electrolytic solution may change and the battery performance may be deteriorated. In this case, the desired battery characteristics cannot be obtained, and the range of 0.01 to 10% by weight, particularly 0.1 to 5% by weight, is preferable with respect to the weight of the electrolytic solution.
[0015]
As the non-aqueous solvent used in the present invention, a solvent composed of a high dielectric constant solvent and a low viscosity solvent is preferable.
Suitable examples of the high dielectric constant solvent include cyclic carbonates such as ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC), and butylene carbonate (BC). These high dielectric constant solvents may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
[0016]
Examples of the low viscosity solvent include chain carbonates such as dimethyl carbonate (DMC), methyl ethyl carbonate (MEC), and diethyl carbonate (DEC), tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, 1,4-dioxane, 1,2- Ethers such as dimethoxyethane, 1,2-diethoxyethane, 1,2-dibutoxyethane, lactones such as γ-butyrolactone, nitriles such as acetonitrile, esters such as methyl propionate, amides such as dimethylformamide Kind. These low viscosity solvents may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
The high dielectric constant solvent and the low viscosity solvent are arbitrarily selected and used in combination. The high dielectric constant solvent and the low viscosity solvent are usually used in a volume ratio (high dielectric constant solvent: low viscosity solvent) of 1: 9 to 4: 1, preferably 1: 4 to 7: 3. The
[0017]
Examples of the electrolyte used in the present invention include LiPF 6 , LiBF 4 , LiClO 4 , LiN (SO 2 CF 3 ) 2 , LiN (SO 2 C 2 F 5 ) 2 , LiC (SO 2 CF 3 ) 3 and the like. Is mentioned. These electrolytes may be used alone or in combination of two or more. These electrolytes are used by being dissolved in the non-aqueous solvent usually at a concentration of 0.1 to 3M, preferably 0.5 to 1.5M.
[0018]
The electrolytic solution of the present invention is prepared by, for example, mixing the above-mentioned high dielectric constant solvent or low-viscosity solvent, dissolving the above-mentioned electrolyte therein, and at least one of the compounds represented by the general formula (I). It is obtained by dissolving.
[0019]
The electrolytic solution of the present invention is suitably used as a constituent member of a secondary battery, particularly as a constituent member of a lithium secondary battery. The constituent members other than the electrolytic solution constituting the secondary battery are not particularly limited, and various conventionally used constituent members can be used.
[0020]
For example, a composite metal oxide of at least one metal selected from the group consisting of cobalt, manganese, nickel, chromium, iron and vanadium and lithium is used as the positive electrode active material. Examples of such a composite metal oxide include LiCoO 2 , LiMn 2 O 4 , and LiNiO 2 .
[0021]
The positive electrode is prepared by kneading the positive electrode active material with a conductive agent such as acetylene black or carbon black and a binder such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) or polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) to form a positive electrode mixture. It is produced by rolling the positive electrode material into an aluminum or stainless steel foil or lath plate as a current collector and heat-treating it under vacuum at a temperature of about 50 ° C. to 250 ° C. for about 2 hours.
[0022]
Examples of the negative electrode (negative electrode active material) include lithium metal and lithium alloy, and carbon materials having a graphite-type crystal structure capable of inserting and extracting lithium (pyrolytic carbons, cokes, graphites (artificial graphite, natural graphite, etc.)) , Organic polymer compound combustion body, carbon fiber] and composite tin oxide are used. In particular, it is preferable to use a carbon material having a graphite-type crystal structure in which the lattice spacing ( 002 ) has an interplanar spacing (d 002 ) of 0.335 to 0.340 nm (nanometer). A powder material such as a carbon material is kneaded with a binder such as ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), or polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and used as a negative electrode mixture.
[0023]
The structure of the lithium secondary battery is not particularly limited, and a coin-type battery having a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a single-layer or multi-layer separator, and a cylindrical battery or a square type having a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a roll separator. An example is a battery. A known polyolefin microporous film, woven fabric, non-woven fabric or the like is used as the separator.
[0024]
【Example】
Next, an Example and a comparative example are given and this invention is demonstrated concretely.
Example 1
(Preparation of electrolyte)
A non-aqueous solvent having an EC-DMC (volume ratio) = 1: 2 was prepared, and LiPF 6 was dissolved therein to a concentration of 1 M to prepare an electrolyte solution. Then, S-phenyl O-methyl thioogizarate was further added. It added so that it might become 0.2 weight% with respect to electrolyte solution.
[0025]
[Production of lithium secondary battery and measurement of battery characteristics]
80% by weight of LiCoO 2 (positive electrode active material), 10% by weight of acetylene black (conductive agent), and 10% by weight of polyvinylidene fluoride (binder) are mixed, and this is mixed with 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone. Was added to form a slurry and coated on an aluminum foil. Then, this was dried and pressure-molded to prepare a positive electrode. 90% by weight of natural graphite (negative electrode active material) and 10% by weight of polyvinylidene fluoride (binder) are mixed, and 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone is added to this to form a slurry on a copper foil. Applied. Then, this was dried and pressure-molded to prepare a negative electrode. And using the separator of a polypropylene microporous film, said electrolyte solution was inject | poured and the coin battery (diameter 20mm, thickness 3.2mm) was produced.
Using this coin battery, it was charged at a constant current and a constant voltage of 0.8 mA at room temperature (20 ° C.) for 5 hours to a final voltage of 4.2 V, and then at a constant current of 0.8 mA and a final voltage of 2 The battery was discharged to 7 V, and this charge / discharge was repeated. The initial discharge capacity was 1.02 as calculated as the relative capacity in comparison with the case where EC-DMC (1/2) was used as the electrolyte (Comparative Example 1). When the battery characteristics after 50 cycles were measured, the discharge capacity retention rate was 92.4% when the initial discharge capacity was 100%. Also, the low temperature characteristics were good. The production conditions and battery characteristics of the coin battery are shown in Table 1.
[0026]
Example 2
A coin battery was prepared by preparing an electrolyte solution in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 3.0% by weight of S-phenyl O-methyl thioozalate was used with respect to the electrolyte solution. The relative capacity of the initial discharge capacity was 1.01. When the battery characteristics after 50 cycles were measured, the discharge capacity retention rate was 90.3%. The production conditions and battery characteristics of the coin battery are shown in Table 1.
[0027]
Example 3
A coin battery was prepared by preparing an electrolyte solution in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 8.0% by weight of S-phenyl O-methyl thioogizarate was used with respect to the electrolyte solution. The relative capacity of the initial discharge capacity was 0.98. When the battery characteristics after 50 cycles were measured, the discharge capacity retention rate was 86.2%. The production conditions and battery characteristics of the coin battery are shown in Table 1.
[0028]
Example 4
A coin battery was prepared by preparing an electrolytic solution in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 0.02% by weight of S-phenyl O-methyl thioogizarate was used with respect to the electrolytic solution. The relative capacity of the initial discharge capacity was 1.0. When the battery characteristics after 50 cycles were measured, the discharge capacity retention rate was 87.6%. The production conditions and battery characteristics of the coin battery are shown in Table 1.
[0029]
Reference Example 5
A coin battery was prepared by preparing an electrolyte solution in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 0.2% by weight of S-phenyl O-methyl thiocarbonate was used with respect to the electrolyte solution, and MEC was used instead of DMC. The relative capacity of the initial discharge capacity was 1.01, and when the battery characteristics after 50 cycles were measured, the discharge capacity retention rate was 90.7. The production conditions and battery characteristics of the coin battery are shown in Table 1. (However, Example 5 in Table 1 is referred to as Reference Example 5.)
[0030]
Example 6
A coin battery was prepared by preparing an electrolyte solution in the same manner as in Example 5 except that 0.2% by weight of S, S-diphenyl dithioogizarate was used with respect to the electrolyte solution. The relative capacity of the initial discharge capacity was 1 The battery characteristics after 50 cycles were measured, and the discharge capacity retention rate was 92.1%. The production conditions and battery characteristics of the coin battery are shown in Table 1.
[0031]
Example 7
A coin battery was prepared by preparing an electrolytic solution in the same manner as in Example 5 except that 0.2% by weight of S, S-diphenyl dithiocarbonate was used with respect to the electrolytic solution. The relative capacity of the initial discharge capacity was 1.03. When the battery characteristics after 50 cycles were measured, the discharge capacity retention rate was 91.6%. The production conditions and battery characteristics of the coin battery are shown in Table 1.
[0032]
Example 8
Example 1 except that 0.2% by weight of S, S-diphenyl dithioogizarate was used with respect to the electrolyte solution and a non-aqueous solvent of PC-EC-MEC (volume ratio) = 1: 1: 2 was used. A coin battery was prepared by preparing an electrolyte solution in the same manner as described above. The relative capacity of the initial discharge capacity was 1.01, and when the battery characteristics after 50 cycles were measured, the discharge capacity retention rate was 92.5%. It was. Also, the low temperature characteristics were good. The production conditions and battery characteristics of the coin battery are shown in Table 1.
[0033]
Example 9
An electrolytic solution was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that LiMn 2 O 4 was used instead of LiCoO 2 as the positive electrode active material, and 0.2 wt% of S-phenyl O-methyl thioogizarate was used with respect to the electrolytic solution. Then, a coin battery was prepared, the relative capacity of the initial discharge capacity was 0.82, and the battery characteristics after 50 cycles were measured. As a result, the discharge capacity retention rate was 93.1%. The production conditions and battery characteristics of the coin battery are shown in Table 1.
[0034]
Example 10
A coin battery was prepared by preparing an electrolyte solution in the same manner as in Example 1 except that LiCo 0.1 Ni 0.9 O 2 was used instead of LiCoO 2 as the positive electrode active material, and the relative capacity of the initial discharge capacity was 1.20. Yes, when the battery characteristics after 50 cycles were measured, the discharge capacity retention rate was 91.4%. The production conditions and battery characteristics of the coin battery are shown in Table 1.
[0035]
Example 11
A coin battery was prepared by preparing an electrolytic solution in the same manner as in Example 1 except that artificial graphite was used in place of natural graphite as the negative electrode active material. The relative capacity of the initial discharge capacity was 1.05, and 50 cycles. When the battery characteristics were measured later, the discharge capacity retention rate was 92.8%. The production conditions and battery characteristics of the coin battery are shown in Table 1.
[0036]
Comparative Example 1
A non-aqueous solvent with EC: DMC (volume ratio) = 1: 2 was prepared, and LiPF 6 was dissolved therein to a concentration of 1M. At this time, compound (I) was not added at all. Using this electrolytic solution, a coin battery was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, and the battery characteristics were measured. In this case, the relative capacity of the initial discharge capacity is 1. The discharge capacity retention rate after 50 cycles was 83.8% with respect to the initial discharge capacity. The production conditions and battery characteristics of the coin battery are shown in Table 1.
[0037]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004134414
[0038]
In addition, this invention is not limited to the Example described, The various combination which can be easily guessed from the meaning of invention is possible. In particular, the combination of solvents in the above examples is not limited. Furthermore, although the said Example is related with a coin battery, this invention is applied also to a cylindrical and prismatic battery.
[0039]
【The invention's effect】
ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the lithium secondary battery excellent in battery characteristics, such as cycling characteristics in a wide temperature range, an electrical capacity, and also a storage characteristic, can be provided.

Claims (2)

環状カーボネートおよび鎖状カーボネートを含む非水溶媒に電解質が溶解されている電解液において、該電解液中に下記一般式(I)
Figure 0004134414
(式中、R1およびR2 は、それぞれ独立して炭素数1〜12のアルキル基、炭素数3〜6のシクロアルキル基、アリール基を示す。式中、Xは、酸素原子または硫黄原子を示す。nは1または2の整数を示す。ただし、nが1の場合は、R 1 およびR 2 はそれぞれ独立してアリール基である。)で表される化合物のうち少なくとも1種が電解液の重量に対し0.01〜10重量%含有されていることを特徴とするリチウム二次電池用電解液。
In an electrolytic solution in which an electrolyte is dissolved in a non-aqueous solvent containing a cyclic carbonate and a chain carbonate , the following general formula (I) is contained in the electrolytic solution.
Figure 0004134414
(In the formula, R 1 and R 2 each independently represent an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 6 carbon atoms, or an aryl group. In the formula, X represents an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom. N represents an integer of 1 or 2. However, when n is 1, R 1 and R 2 Are each independently an aryl group. The electrolyte solution for a lithium secondary battery, wherein at least one of the compounds represented by formula (1) is contained in an amount of 0.01 to 10% by weight based on the weight of the electrolyte solution.
〔請求項2〕 正極、負極および環状カーボネートおよび鎖状カーボネートを含む非水溶媒に電解質が溶解されている電解液からなるリチウム二次電池において、該電解液中に下記一般式(I)
Figure 0004134414
(式中、R1およびR2 は、それぞれ独立して炭素数1〜12のアルキル基、炭素数3〜6のシクロアルキル基、アリール基を示す。式中、Xは、酸素原子または硫黄原子を示す。nは1または2の整数を示す。ただし、nが1の場合は、R 1 およびR 2 はそれぞれ独立してアリール基である。)で表される化合物のうち少なくとも1種が電解液の重量に対し0.01〜10重量%含有されていることを特徴とするリチウム二次電池。
[Claim 2] In a lithium secondary battery comprising an electrolyte in which an electrolyte is dissolved in a nonaqueous solvent containing a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and cyclic carbonate and chain carbonate, the following general formula (I) is contained in the electrolyte.
Figure 0004134414
(In the formula, R 1 and R 2 each independently represent an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 6 carbon atoms, or an aryl group. In the formula, X represents an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom. the .n is an integer of 1 or 2 indicating. However, if n is 1, at least one of R 1 and R 2 are each independently an aryl group.) the compound represented by the electrolytic A lithium secondary battery comprising 0.01 to 10% by weight based on the weight of the liquid .
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KR20050096401A (en) 2004-03-30 2005-10-06 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 Electrolyte for lithium battery and lithium battery comprising same
KR100695108B1 (en) 2004-12-30 2007-03-14 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 Organic electrolytic solution and lithium battery employing the same
JP2010135165A (en) * 2008-12-04 2010-06-17 Sony Corp Nonaqueous electrolyte and nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery
KR101809651B1 (en) * 2012-11-23 2017-12-15 주식회사 엘지화학 Electrolyte Solution for Lithium Secondary Battery and Lithium Secondary Battery Comprising The Same

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