JP4123456B2 - Friction material composition and friction material using friction material composition - Google Patents

Friction material composition and friction material using friction material composition Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4123456B2
JP4123456B2 JP06151899A JP6151899A JP4123456B2 JP 4123456 B2 JP4123456 B2 JP 4123456B2 JP 06151899 A JP06151899 A JP 06151899A JP 6151899 A JP6151899 A JP 6151899A JP 4123456 B2 JP4123456 B2 JP 4123456B2
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Prior art keywords
friction material
powder
material composition
weight
friction
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JP2000256653A (en
Inventor
重俊 木内
智央 阿久津
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Showa Denko Materials Co Ltd
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Hitachi Chemical Co Ltd
Showa Denko Materials Co Ltd
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、自動車、特に乗用車、各種産業機械等の制動に用いられるディスクブレーキパッド、ブレーキライニング等の摩擦材に適した摩擦材組成物及び摩擦材組成物を用いた摩擦材に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
乗用車、各種産業機械等には、その制動のためディスクブレーキパッド、ブレーキライニング等の摩擦材が使用されている。
従来の摩擦材、例えばディスクブレーキパッドは、特開昭49−21544号公報、特開平2−132175号公報等に示されるように補強繊維として、スチール繊維、黄銅繊維、銅繊維等の金属繊維、アクリル繊維、アラミド繊維、フェノール繊維等の有機繊維、ロックウール、チタン酸カリウム繊維、アルミナシリカ繊維、カーボン繊維等の無機繊維を基材とし、これに結合剤としてフェノール樹脂、メラミン樹脂等の熱硬化性樹脂、摩擦調整剤として、ゴムダスト、カシューダスト等の有機質摩擦調整剤、硫酸バリウム、黒鉛、三硫化アンチモン、マイカ、ジルコニア、シリカ、アルミナ、炭酸カルシウム、炭酸マグネシウム等の無機質摩擦調整剤などを含む混合物を加熱加圧成形したものが一般的に知られている。
【0003】
しかしながら、従来のディスクブレーキパッドは、例えば乗用車の場合、ブレーキペダルを踏んでディスクブレーキが制動したときの止まり際又はそれから発進するためブレーキペダルの踏力を弱めたとき、即ち揺り戻し時などにグー音と称する200〜300Hz付近の異音が発生し、グー音の音圧が高い場合ユーザーにとっては、故障の前兆とみなすことがある。
このグー音は、ディスクブレーキパッドと相手材のディスクローター間のスティックスリップを起振源とし、サスペンション部品を共振系として発生し、特に絶対湿度が高いとき及び夜間一晩駐車した場合に大きくなる。
【0004】
この主原因は、絶対湿度の高いとき及び夜間一晩駐車したときに、ディスクロータ表面に生成されるトランスファーフィルムに水分が吸着し、この水分が原因でディスクロータとトランスファーフィルム間に錆を発生させ、再運転する際運転初期時にトランスファーフィルムが剥離することで静動μ低下比が大きくなってグー音の音圧を大きくしていると考えられる。
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
請求項1及び2記載の発明は、絶対湿度が高いとき及び夜間一晩駐車したときのグー音の発生及び音圧を低減することが可能な摩擦材に適した摩擦材組成物を提供するものである。
請求項3記載の発明は、絶対湿度が高いとき及び夜間一晩駐車したときのグー音の発生及び音圧を低減することが可能な摩擦材を提供するものである。
【0006】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は、繊維状物質、結合剤、摩擦調整剤及び金属粉を含む摩擦材組成物において、金属粉の一部又は全部に亜鉛粉及びアルミニウム粉が用いられ、ここでアルミニウム粉の比率が、亜鉛粉とアルミニウム粉の総量に対して4〜83重量%である摩擦材組成物に関する。
また、本発明は、亜鉛粉及びアルミニウム粉の総量が全組成物中で1〜20重量%である摩擦材組成物に関する。
さらに、本発明は、上記の摩擦材組成物を加熱加圧成形してなる摩擦材に関する。
【0007】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明において、金属粉の一部又は全部に亜鉛粉及びアルミニウム粉が用いられるが、このうちアルミニウム粉の含有量は、亜鉛粉とアルミニウム粉の総量に対して4〜83重量%、好ましくは5〜80重量%、より好ましくは20〜70重量%、さらに好ましくは30〜60重量%の範囲とされ、4重量%未満であるとグー音の音圧低下の効果が得られない。一方、83重量%を越えると高周波のスキール音の発生率が多くなる。
【0008】
なお亜鉛粉及びアルミニウム粉の総量の全組成物に対する含有量については特に制限はないが、全組成物中に1〜20重量%とすることが好ましく、2〜15重量%とすることがより好ましく、3〜10重量%とすることがさらに好ましい。
また、亜鉛粉及びアルミニウム粉の平均粒径は、共に250μm以下が好ましく、150μm以下がより好ましく、100〜10μmの範囲がさらに好ましい。
【0009】
本発明における繊維状物質としては、例えば、スチール繊維、黄銅繊維、銅繊維、アラミド繊維、アクリル繊維、フェノール繊維、セラミック繊維、ロックウール、チタン酸カリウム繊維、カーボン繊維等が挙げられる。
本発明における結合剤としては、例えば、フェノール樹脂、エポキシ樹脂、メラミン樹脂、カシュー樹脂等の熱硬化性樹脂、NBR、SBR、IR等のゴム、前記熱硬化性樹脂と前記ゴムとを混合したものなどが挙げられる。
【0010】
本発明における摩擦調整剤としては、例えば、ゴムダスト、カシューダスト等の有機質摩擦調整剤、硫酸バリウム、黒鉛、三硫化アンチモン、マイカ、ジルコニア、シリカ、アルミナ炭酸カルシウム、炭酸マグネシウム等の無機質摩擦調整剤などが挙げられる。
本発明における金属粉としては、必ず使用される亜鉛粉とアルミニウム粉の他に、例えば、必要に応じて使用されるものとして黄銅粉、鉄粉、銅粉等が挙げられる。
【0011】
上記における繊維状物質の含有量は、機械強度などの点から、全組成物中に30〜60重量%とすることが好ましく、40〜50重量%とすることがより好ましい。結合剤の含有量は、成形性などの点から、全組成物中に3〜20重量%とすることが好ましく、5〜15重量%とすることがより好ましい。摩擦調整剤の含有量は、摩擦係数の高さ、安定性などの点から、全組成物中に21〜66重量%とすることが好ましく、28〜54重量%とすることがより好ましい。また、有機質摩擦調整剤と無機質摩擦調整剤の使用割合は、有機質摩擦調整剤/無機質摩擦調整剤(重量比)が10/90〜20/80とすることが好ましい。
【0012】
亜鉛粉及びアルミニウム粉と必要に応じて添加する金属粉の含有量は、全組成物中に1〜25重量%とすることが好ましく、2〜20重量%とすることがより好ましい。
これらの成分は、全組成物が100重量%となるように配合される。
【0013】
本発明になる摩擦材は、亜鉛粉及びアルミニウム粉、繊維状物質、結合剤並びに摩擦調整剤を含む材料を加えて均一に混合し、この混合物を予備成形し、次いで金型内に裏金及び予備成形体を挿設した後、加熱加圧成形法で成形し、その後熱処理を行い、必要に応じて表面の有機成分を除去するためスコーチ処理を行って得られる。なお成形する際の加熱温度は130〜170℃が好ましく、140〜160℃がより好ましい。圧力は30〜60MPaが好ましく、40〜50MPaがより好ましい。熱処理温度は100〜300℃が好ましく、150〜250℃がより好ましい。
【0014】
必要に応じて行うスコーチ処理は、摩擦部材に熱盤を押し当てる方法、ガスの炎などの直火で加熱する方法、遠赤外線などの輻射熱で加熱する方法等があり特に制限はない。またスコーチ処理の条件については、その材質に合った条件を選定して処理すればよい。
本発明の摩擦材組成物は、セミメタリック系、ノンスチール系のいずれにも適用でき特に制限はない。
【0015】
【実施例】
以下本発明の実施例を説明する。
実施例1
金属粉として、平均粒径が40μmの亜鉛粉及び平均粒径が45μmのアルミニウム粉を使用し、該アルミニウム粉が、亜鉛粉とアルミニウム粉の総量に対して50重量%になるように秤量すると共に表1に示す量の他の材料を配合し、これらを混合機で3000r/minの回転速度で4分間混合し、摩擦材組成物Aを得た。
【0016】
実施例2
アルミニウム粉が、亜鉛粉とアルミニウム粉の総量に対して5重量%になるように秤量した以外は、実施例1と同様の工程を経て摩擦材組成物Bを得た。
【0017】
実施例3
アルミニウム粉が、亜鉛粉とアルミニウム粉の総量に対して80重量%になるように秤量した以外は、実施例1と同様の工程を経て摩擦材組成物Cを得た。
【0018】
比較例1
アルミニウム粉が、亜鉛粉とアルミニウム粉の総量に対して3重量%になるように秤量した以外は、実施例1と同様の工程を経て摩擦材組成物Dを得た。
【0019】
比較例2
アルミニウム粉が、亜鉛粉とアルミニウム粉の総量に対して85重量%になるように秤量した以外は、実施例1と同様の工程を経て摩擦材組成物Eを得た。
【0020】
上記の実施例1〜3及び比較例1〜2で得られた摩擦材組成物A、B、C、D及びEを各々予備成形し、次いで金型内にディスクブレーキパッド用の裏金及び予備成形体を挿設し、その後150±2.5℃、圧力49MPaの条件で5分間加熱加圧成形した。さらに200℃で5時間熱処理を行い、冷却後研磨し、470±10℃で5分間の表面スコーチ処理を行って端部から端部までの長さが127mmのディスクブレーキパッドA、B、C、D及びEを得た。
【0021】
【表1】

Figure 0004123456
【0022】
次に上記で得られたディスクブレーキパッドA、B、C、D及びEについて比較試験を行った。その試験結果を表2に示す。なおグー音の評価方法については、車両重量:1600kg、ブレーキ型式:コレットタイプ(シリンダ面積:28cm2)、2000ccオートマチック車で、市街地走行(1000km)を行い、下記の3条件のときのグー音の音圧を騒音計を用いてそれぞれ測定し、その測定結果を表2に示す。またスキール音発生率についても調べた。その結果も表2に示す。
【0023】
測定条件1:絶対湿度が2〜5g/m3の環境条件下で、制動前温度130℃で50km/hの速度から0.3Gで制動し、揺り戻し時のグー音を10回測定し、その平均値を求めた。
測定条件2:絶対湿度が15〜18g/m3の環境条件下で、制動前温度130℃で50km/hの速度から0.3Gで制動し、揺り戻し時のグー音を10回測定し、その平均値を求めた。
測定条件3:走行後に夜間一晩駐車し、翌朝エンジン始動直後に20km/hの速度から0.3Gで制動し、揺り戻し時のグー音を5回測定し、その平均値を求めた。
また、スキール音発生率は、次式により求めた。
【0024】
【数1】
Figure 0004123456
【0025】
【表2】
Figure 0004123456
【0026】
表2に示されるように、本発明の実施例になる摩擦材組成物を用いたディスクブレーキパッドは、グー音の音圧が低く、スキール音の発生率も少ないものであった。これに対し比較例1の摩擦材組成物を用いたディスクブレーキパッドは、グー音の音圧が高く、特に吸湿量が多くなるとさらにグー音の音圧が高くなり、また比較例2の摩擦材組成物を用いたディスクブレーキパッドは、スキール音の発生率が多くなるという欠陥が生じた。
【0027】
【発明の効果】
請求項1及び2における摩擦材組成物は、絶対湿度が高いとき及び夜間一晩駐車したときのグー音の発生及び音圧を低減することが可能で、かつスキール音の発生率の少ない摩擦材を提供することができる。
請求項3における摩擦材は、絶対湿度が高いとき及び夜間一晩駐車したときのグー音の発生及び音圧を低減することができ、またスキール音の発生率も少なく工業的に極めて好適である。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a friction material composition suitable for friction materials such as disc brake pads and brake linings used for braking automobiles, particularly passenger cars and various industrial machines, and a friction material using the friction material composition.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Friction materials such as disc brake pads and brake linings are used for braking in passenger cars and various industrial machines.
Conventional friction materials, for example, disc brake pads, are used as reinforcing fibers as disclosed in JP-A-49-21544, JP-A-2-132175, etc., as metal fibers such as steel fibers, brass fibers, copper fibers, The base material is organic fiber such as acrylic fiber, aramid fiber, phenol fiber, etc., rock wool, potassium titanate fiber, alumina silica fiber, carbon fiber, etc. Thermosetting such as phenol resin and melamine resin as binder As an organic resin and friction modifier, organic friction modifiers such as rubber dust and cashew dust, inorganic friction modifiers such as barium sulfate, graphite, antimony trisulfide, mica, zirconia, silica, alumina, calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, etc. A mixture obtained by heat-pressing a mixture is generally known.
[0003]
However, in the case of a passenger car, for example, in the case of a passenger car, when the disc brake is braked by stepping on the brake pedal, or when the pedal force of the brake pedal is weakened because the vehicle starts, the goo When an abnormal noise near 200 to 300 Hz is generated and the sound pressure of the goo sound is high, it may be regarded as a sign of failure for the user.
This goo noise is generated when the stick slip between the disk brake pad and the disk rotor of the mating member is used as the vibration source, and the suspension parts are generated as a resonance system, and particularly when the absolute humidity is high and the vehicle is parked overnight.
[0004]
This is mainly due to moisture adsorbed on the transfer film generated on the disk rotor surface when the absolute humidity is high and when parked overnight, and this moisture causes rust between the disk rotor and the transfer film. It is considered that when the re-operation is performed, the transfer film is peeled off at the initial stage of the operation, so that the static μ reduction ratio is increased and the sound pressure of goo is increased.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The invention described in claims 1 and 2 provides a friction material composition suitable for a friction material capable of reducing the generation of goo noise and sound pressure when the absolute humidity is high and when the vehicle is parked overnight. It is.
The invention according to claim 3 provides a friction material capable of reducing the generation of goo noise and the sound pressure when the absolute humidity is high and when the vehicle is parked overnight.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In the friction material composition comprising a fibrous material, a binder, a friction modifier and metal powder, the present invention uses zinc powder and aluminum powder as part or all of the metal powder, wherein the ratio of aluminum powder is It is related with the friction material composition which is 4 to 83 weight% with respect to the total amount of zinc powder and aluminum powder.
The present invention also relates to a friction material composition in which the total amount of zinc powder and aluminum powder is 1 to 20% by weight in the total composition.
Furthermore, this invention relates to the friction material formed by heat-press-molding said friction material composition.
[0007]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
In the present invention, zinc powder and aluminum powder are used for part or all of the metal powder. Among these, the content of aluminum powder is 4 to 83% by weight, preferably 5%, based on the total amount of zinc powder and aluminum powder. It is -80% by weight, more preferably 20-70% by weight, still more preferably 30-60% by weight, and if it is less than 4% by weight, the effect of reducing the sound pressure of goo is not obtained. On the other hand, if it exceeds 83% by weight, the incidence of high-frequency squeal noise increases.
[0008]
In addition, there is no restriction | limiting in particular about content with respect to the total composition of the total amount of zinc powder and aluminum powder, However, It is preferable to set it as 1-20 weight% in all compositions, and it is more preferable to set it as 2-15 weight% More preferably, the content is 3 to 10% by weight.
Moreover, the average particle diameter of zinc powder and aluminum powder is preferably 250 μm or less, more preferably 150 μm or less, and further preferably in the range of 100 to 10 μm.
[0009]
Examples of the fibrous substance in the present invention include steel fiber, brass fiber, copper fiber, aramid fiber, acrylic fiber, phenol fiber, ceramic fiber, rock wool, potassium titanate fiber, and carbon fiber.
As the binder in the present invention, for example, thermosetting resins such as phenol resin, epoxy resin, melamine resin, cashew resin, rubbers such as NBR, SBR, IR, and the like, a mixture of the thermosetting resin and the rubber Etc.
[0010]
Examples of the friction modifier in the present invention include organic friction modifiers such as rubber dust and cashew dust, inorganic friction modifiers such as barium sulfate, graphite, antimony trisulfide, mica, zirconia, silica, alumina calcium carbonate, and magnesium carbonate. Is mentioned.
As metal powder in this invention, brass powder, iron powder, copper powder etc. are mentioned as what is used as needed other than zinc powder and aluminum powder which are always used, for example.
[0011]
The content of the fibrous substance in the above is preferably 30 to 60% by weight, more preferably 40 to 50% by weight in the entire composition from the viewpoint of mechanical strength and the like. The content of the binder is preferably 3 to 20% by weight, more preferably 5 to 15% by weight in the total composition from the viewpoint of moldability and the like. The content of the friction modifier is preferably 21 to 66% by weight, more preferably 28 to 54% by weight in the total composition, from the viewpoint of the high friction coefficient and stability. The organic friction modifier and the inorganic friction modifier are preferably used in a ratio of organic friction modifier / inorganic friction modifier (weight ratio) of 10/90 to 20/80.
[0012]
The content of the zinc powder and aluminum powder and the metal powder added as necessary is preferably 1 to 25% by weight, more preferably 2 to 20% by weight in the total composition.
These components are blended so that the total composition is 100% by weight.
[0013]
The friction material according to the present invention is prepared by adding a material containing zinc powder and aluminum powder, fibrous material, binder and friction modifier, and mixing the mixture uniformly. Then, the mixture is preformed, and then the backing metal and the preliminary material are placed in a mold. After inserting a molded object, it shape | molds by the heating-pressing molding method, after that, it heat-processes and it obtains by performing a scorch process in order to remove the organic component of the surface as needed. In addition, 130-170 degreeC is preferable and the heating temperature at the time of shaping | molding has more preferable 140-160 degreeC. The pressure is preferably 30 to 60 MPa, and more preferably 40 to 50 MPa. The heat treatment temperature is preferably 100 to 300 ° C, more preferably 150 to 250 ° C.
[0014]
There are no particular restrictions on the scorch treatment performed as necessary, such as a method of pressing a hot plate against the friction member, a method of heating with a direct flame such as a gas flame, or a method of heating with radiant heat such as far infrared rays. In addition, the scorch processing conditions may be selected and processed according to the material.
The friction material composition of the present invention can be applied to both semi-metallic and non-steel systems, and is not particularly limited.
[0015]
【Example】
Examples of the present invention will be described below.
Example 1
As the metal powder, zinc powder having an average particle diameter of 40 μm and aluminum powder having an average particle diameter of 45 μm are used, and the aluminum powder is weighed so as to be 50% by weight with respect to the total amount of zinc powder and aluminum powder. The other materials in the amounts shown in Table 1 were blended, and these were mixed with a mixer at a rotational speed of 3000 r / min for 4 minutes to obtain a friction material composition A.
[0016]
Example 2
Friction material composition B was obtained through the same steps as in Example 1 except that the aluminum powder was weighed so as to be 5% by weight with respect to the total amount of zinc powder and aluminum powder.
[0017]
Example 3
Friction material composition C was obtained through the same steps as in Example 1, except that the aluminum powder was weighed to 80 wt% with respect to the total amount of zinc powder and aluminum powder.
[0018]
Comparative Example 1
Friction material composition D was obtained through the same steps as in Example 1 except that the aluminum powder was weighed so as to be 3% by weight with respect to the total amount of zinc powder and aluminum powder.
[0019]
Comparative Example 2
Friction material composition E was obtained through the same steps as in Example 1 except that the aluminum powder was weighed to 85 wt% with respect to the total amount of zinc powder and aluminum powder.
[0020]
Friction material compositions A, B, C, D and E obtained in Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 were respectively preformed, and then a back metal and a preform for a disc brake pad in a mold. The body was inserted, and then heated and pressed under conditions of 150 ± 2.5 ° C. and a pressure of 49 MPa for 5 minutes. Further, a heat treatment is performed at 200 ° C. for 5 hours, and after cooling, polishing is performed, and a surface scorch treatment is performed at 470 ± 10 ° C. for 5 minutes, and the disc brake pads A, B, C, D and E were obtained.
[0021]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004123456
[0022]
Next, comparative tests were performed on the disc brake pads A, B, C, D, and E obtained above. The test results are shown in Table 2. As for the evaluation method of goo noise, vehicle weight: 1600kg, brake type: collet type (cylinder area: 28cm 2 ), 2000cc automatic car running in the city (1000km), goo sound under the following three conditions The sound pressure was measured using a sound level meter, and the measurement results are shown in Table 2. We also investigated the incidence of squeal noise. The results are also shown in Table 2.
[0023]
Measurement condition 1: Under an environmental condition where the absolute humidity is 2 to 5 g / m 3 , braking is performed at 0.3 G from a speed of 50 km / h at a pre-braking temperature of 130 ° C., and the goo sound at the time of swinging is measured 10 times. The average value was obtained.
Measurement condition 2: Under an environmental condition where the absolute humidity is 15 to 18 g / m 3 , braking is performed at 0.3 G from a speed of 50 km / h at a temperature before braking of 130 ° C., and the goo sound at the time of swinging is measured 10 times. The average value was obtained.
Measurement condition 3: Parked overnight after running, braked at 0.3 G from the speed of 20 km / h immediately after engine startup the next morning, measured the goo sound at the time of swing back 5 times, and determined the average value.
Further, the squeal noise occurrence rate was obtained by the following equation.
[0024]
[Expression 1]
Figure 0004123456
[0025]
[Table 2]
Figure 0004123456
[0026]
As shown in Table 2, the disc brake pad using the friction material composition according to the example of the present invention had a low sound pressure of goo sound and a low occurrence rate of squeal sound. On the other hand, the disc brake pad using the friction material composition of Comparative Example 1 has a high sound pressure of goo sound, and in particular, when the amount of moisture absorption increases, the sound pressure of goo sound further increases. The disc brake pad using the composition has a defect that the occurrence rate of squeal noise increases.
[0027]
【The invention's effect】
The friction material composition according to claim 1 and 2, wherein the friction material is capable of reducing goo noise and sound pressure when the absolute humidity is high and parked overnight, and has a low squeal noise generation rate. Can be provided.
The friction material according to claim 3 can reduce the occurrence of goo noise and sound pressure when the absolute humidity is high and parked overnight, and it is extremely suitable industrially with a low generation rate of squeal noise. .

Claims (3)

繊維状物質、結合剤、摩擦調整剤及び金属粉を含む摩擦材組成物において、金属粉の一部又は全部に亜鉛粉及びアルミニウム粉が用いられ、ここでアルミニウム粉の比率が、亜鉛粉とアルミニウム粉の総量に対して4〜83重量%である摩擦材組成物。In a friction material composition containing a fibrous material, a binder, a friction modifier, and metal powder, zinc powder and aluminum powder are used as part or all of the metal powder, where the ratio of aluminum powder is zinc powder and aluminum. The friction material composition which is 4 to 83% by weight with respect to the total amount of the powder. 亜鉛粉及びアルミニウム粉の総量が全組成物中で1〜20重量%である請求項1記載の摩擦材組成物。The friction material composition according to claim 1, wherein the total amount of zinc powder and aluminum powder is 1 to 20% by weight in the total composition. 請求項1又は2記載の摩擦材組成物を加熱加圧成形してなる摩擦材。A friction material obtained by heating and pressing the friction material composition according to claim 1.
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