JP4121646B2 - Cooking method and apparatus therefor - Google Patents

Cooking method and apparatus therefor Download PDF

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JP4121646B2
JP4121646B2 JP34492398A JP34492398A JP4121646B2 JP 4121646 B2 JP4121646 B2 JP 4121646B2 JP 34492398 A JP34492398 A JP 34492398A JP 34492398 A JP34492398 A JP 34492398A JP 4121646 B2 JP4121646 B2 JP 4121646B2
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temperature
cooking
superheated steam
steam
heating
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JP2000152754A (en
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二郎 豊田
弘 宍戸
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二郎 豊田
弘 宍戸
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は例えば、畜肉、魚肉、野菜等の食品やペットフード、家畜用飼料を製造するための加熱調理方法及びその装置に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
食品用等となる調理対象物を加熱調理する方法は、食品となる素材の形や性質を物理的に変化させるだけではなく、成分の化学的変化を引き起こして、食品としての栄養価値や味なども変化させることができる。このような加熱による調理方法には、加熱の際に熱媒体として水を利用しないオーブン等を用いる乾熱法があるが、一般に均一加熱が困難であるという欠点があった。これに対して水を熱媒体として均一加熱がし易い湿熱法がある。この湿熱法には、調理対象物を加熱水により加熱する煮炊き等による調理方法と、水蒸気を利用して調理対象物を加熱する蒸す調理法とが知られている。特に、蒸す調理方法は、調理対象物を均一に加熱するのに適した調理方法である。
【0003】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、前記従来の湿熱法による調理方法では、調理対象物の細胞膜が加熱過程での細胞内部の収縮や圧力差によって破壊されることが多いために、この破壊された細胞膜等の組織からうま味等の成分を含む自由水(自由液)が溶出し、調理対象物の調理後の重量が減少して調理歩留まりを低下させるという欠点があった。
さらに、調理対象物の細胞膜や組織の破壊によって調理対象物が持つ食味や食感等が損なわれ易いという問題があった。
本発明はこのような事情に鑑みてなされたもので、調理歩留まりの低下を抑制すると共に、調理対象物の持つ食味や食感を良好に維持させることのできる加熱調理方法及びその装置を提供することを目的とする。
【0004】
【課題を解決するための手段】
前記目的に沿う本発明に係る加熱調理方法は、調理対象物を過熱蒸気を用いて調理する加熱調理方法であって、
高温の過熱蒸気を前記調理対象物に当てる高温加熱工程と、該高温加熱工程で使用した高温の過熱蒸気より温度の低い過熱蒸気又は飽和蒸気からなる低温のガスを該調理対象物に当てる降温工程とを交互に繰り返して、該調理対象物の加熱に複数回の前記降温工程を設け、しかも、前記調理対象物に後に吹き付けられる前記高温の過熱蒸気は、該調理対象物に先に吹き付けられる高温の過熱蒸気より高温となって、複数回吹き付けられる前記高温の過熱蒸気の温度を徐々に高くし、
前記調理対象物の細胞膜組織の変成を緩和して細胞膜の破壊を抑制し、前記調理対象物中の自由水の散逸を抑制して、食味を良好に保つと共に、前記調理対象物の歩留まりを向上させる。
また、コンベアによって調理対象物が搬送される過程で、上下又は左右に設けられた蒸気吹き出しノズルから高温の過熱蒸気又は低温のガスが吹き付けられるようにしてもよく、大量の調理対象物を、むらなく均一に加熱することができる。
さらに、調理対象物に当てられる高温の過熱蒸気の温度を前回の高温加熱工程の時より高くして、次の高温加熱工程を行うようにしてもよい。これによって、加熱処理の効果を次第に大きくして、調理対象物の調理を短時間に効率よく行うことができる。
【0005】
本発明に係る加熱調理装置は、調理対象物を徐々に搬送するネットコンベアと、該ネットコンベアに沿って順次交互に設けられ、内部には前記ネットコンベアの上下に蒸気吹き出しノズルをそれぞれ有する高温過熱蒸気加熱ゾーン及び低温過熱蒸気又は飽和蒸気加熱ゾーンとを備え、前記それぞれの高温過熱蒸気加熱ゾーン及び低温過熱蒸気又は飽和蒸気加熱ゾーンは隔離壁によって分離され、前記各高温過熱蒸気加熱ゾーン及び低温過熱蒸気又は飽和蒸気加熱ゾーンを経由して前記調理対象物の高温加熱工程と降温工程を繰り返す。
即ち、高温過熱蒸気加熱ゾーンで加熱されることにより生じる調理対象物の急激な変成を、低温過熱蒸気又は飽和蒸気加熱ゾーンにおける低温の過熱蒸気の吹き付けにより緩和する。これによって、調理対象物の組織の過度の破壊が抑制され、含まれる自由水の散逸を少なくして、調理歩留まりを高く維持させることができる。
また、蒸気をヒータによって所定温度に加熱した過熱蒸気を高温過熱蒸気加熱ゾーン及び低温過熱蒸気又は飽和蒸気加熱ゾーンに供給するようにしてもよい。この場合には、過熱蒸気の温度をそれぞれ独立に設定して調理対象物の調理を行うことができる。
【0006】
【発明の実施の形態】
続いて、添付した図面を参照しつつ、本発明を具体化した実施の形態につき説明し、本発明の理解に供する。
ここに図1は本発明の第1の実施の形態に係る加熱調理装置の説明図、図2は同調理装置における調理対象物の温度変化を示す模式図、図3は本発明の第2の実施の形態に係る加熱調理装置の説明図、図4は本発明の第3の実施の形態に係る加熱調理装置の説明図である。
まず、本発明の第1の実施の形態に係る加熱調理装置について説明する。
図1に示すように加熱調理装置10は、調理対象物11を移送するためのネットコンベア12(コンベアの一例)と、ネットコンベア12上を移送される調理対象物11に過熱蒸気を供給するための5基の過熱蒸気供給ユニット13〜17と、過熱蒸気供給ユニット13〜17のそれぞれに蒸気を送るボイラー18とを有している。
調理対象物11には、例えば、畜肉、魚肉、野菜を適当な大きさに裁断したもの等を用いることができる。なお、調理対象物11としては人間用のものに限らず、牛や豚等の家畜用飼料や犬、猫等のためのペットフードを製造するための原材料を適用することもできる。
ネットコンベア12(金網チェーンコンベアとも言う)は、過熱蒸気をその下方から透過させることのできる隙間を有した金網ベルト上に調理対象物11を保持して搬送する装置である。なお、調理対象物11はここでは、ネットコンベア12上に直接置いて移送しているが、過熱蒸気を透過することのできる金網等からなる容器の中に予め入れた状態で処理することもできる。
【0007】
過熱蒸気供給ユニット13〜17は、ネットコンベア12上を移送される調理対象物11に上下方向から過熱蒸気を吹き付けるための上下一対の蒸気吹き出しノズル19、20と、蒸気吹き出しノズル19、20を備えると共に、隔離壁21aを有して互いに区画された高温過熱蒸気加熱ゾーン及び低温過熱蒸気又は飽和蒸気加熱ゾーンを形成させるためのチャンバー21と、ボイラー18から供給される蒸気を所定の温度範囲、例えば100℃〜900℃、好ましくは110〜300℃、さらに好ましくは120℃〜200℃の範囲に設定するための図示しないヒータを備えた蒸気過熱器22とをそれぞれ有している。
過熱蒸気の温度が高すぎる場合には、調理対象物11の細胞膜等が過剰に破壊されたり、凝固が著しくなるので好ましくない。逆に、過熱蒸気の温度が低すぎる場合には、調理効果が少なくなるために、大量の調理対象物11を効率的に処理することが困難になる。
【0008】
蒸気吹き出しノズル19、20は、例えば筒状のパイプの一端側を封じて、パイプの側面に多数の蒸気噴出孔23を形成したものである。この他端側から過熱蒸気を供給して、多数の蒸気噴出孔23を介して、ネットコンベア12上を搬送される調理対象物11に向けて過熱蒸気が吹き付けられるようになっている。
なお、蒸気吹き出しノズル19、20からは必要に応じて低温のガスの一例である室温の空気を取り込んで図示しないコンプレッサーや、ファン等を用いて吐出させることもでき、このような空気を用いて高温に加熱された調理対象物11の温度を降温させることができる。さらに、ここでは蒸気吹き出しノズル19、20をネットコンベア12のベルトを挟んで上下方向に配置しているが、このような蒸気吹き出しノズルをネットコンベア12の搬送方向に対して左右方向(水平方向)に配置して、さらにむらなく均一に加熱するようにしてもよい。
チャンバー21は、ネットコンベア12上を搬送される調理対象物11を上下方向からそれぞれ囲むように形成された、例えば、上下一対の金属ケースであり、上下一対の金属ケースが上下方向に所定の隙間を有して配置され、この隙間を通ってネットコンベア12のベルト部分が駆動できるようになっている。なお、チャンバー21の上部又は下部(場合によっては、左右何れか一方)には蒸気排出孔24が設けられて、調理対象物11に吹き付けられた後の過熱蒸気が効率的に排出される構造になっている。
【0009】
続いて、加熱調理装置10を使用した加熱調理方法について図1及び図2を参照しながら説明する。
まず、所定の大きさ、例えば1〜10mm程度に破砕又は切断された調理対象物11を、図示しないホッパー等の貯蔵容器から取り出して、ネットコンベア12の挿入側に供給する。
このとき、各過熱蒸気供給ユニット13〜17の蒸気吹き出しノズル19、20を介して各チャンバー21に供給される過熱蒸気の温度は、図1に示すように各蒸気過熱器22を用いてそれぞれ100℃、300℃、100℃、400℃、100℃となるように設定されている。即ち、過熱蒸気供給ユニット13〜17の各チャンバー21に順次、予熱のための処理ゾーン(100℃)、高温過熱蒸気加熱ゾーン(300℃)、低温過熱蒸気又は飽和蒸気加熱ゾーン(100℃)、高温過熱蒸気加熱ゾーン(400℃)、低温過熱蒸気又は飽和蒸気加熱ゾーン(100℃)がそれぞれ形成されるようになっている。
なお、このような温度パターンは一例を示すものであって、例えば低温過熱蒸気又は飽和蒸気加熱ゾーンの一部又は全部を室温の空気を用いて冷却するようにしてもよい。この場合には、低温のガスとしての空気を加熱する必要がないので、調理対象物11に係る燃料コスト等を低減できると共に、設備的にも簡略化できる。
【0010】
図2はこのように設定された過熱蒸気供給ユニット13〜17を有した加熱調理装置10を用いて、順次処理した場合における調理対象物11の内部温度の推移パターンを示す模式図である。図示するように、調理対象物11は、温度が上昇する高温加熱工程と、高温加熱工程で加熱される時の温度より減少する降温工程とを経て順次高温側に加熱されることになる。なお、調理対象物11が加熱処理装置10の入口側から挿入されて、処理された調理対象物11が出口側から取り出されるまでの処理時間は約3〜5分間となるようにネットコンベア12の移動速度を設定している。
加熱調理装置10に供給される調理対象物11は、このような高温と低温に設定された各ゾーンを経由して高温加熱工程と降温工程とが繰り返しなされるために、高温に加熱された調理対象物11の変成が、続く降温工程で緩和されることになり、調理対象物11の細胞膜や組織を過度に破壊することなくタンパク質等の緩やかな加熱変成を促すことができる。これによって、処理後の調理対象物11を食べた時に弾力性のある感触を維持させるとができる。
さらに、蒸気雰囲気下で調理対象物11の高温加熱が行われるので、調理対象物11が保持する自由水の散逸が抑制され、調理対象物11中のうま味となる成分がぬけることが少なく、食味を良好に保つことができると共に、調理歩留まりの低下を抑制することができる。例えば、従来の蒸す加熱調理法では、調理対象物の調理前後の重量減少率が約30%であったものが、このような加熱調理法によれば、調理対象物11の重量減少率は約10%(2〜20%の範囲)の低レベルとなっている。
【0011】
次に、図3を参照しながら本発明の第2の実施の形態に係る加熱調理装置30について説明する。なお、加熱調理装置30は基本的には、加熱調理装置10における調理対象物のコンベア方式による連続処理を回分式の処理にした構成のものであるので、同一の機能を有するものは同一の符号を付してその詳しい説明を省略している。
加熱調理装置30は、蒸気を発生させるための蒸気発生器31と、この蒸気を図示しないヒータにより加熱して所定温度の過熱蒸気を得るための蒸気過熱器32と、調理対象物11に過熱蒸気を当てて加熱するための過熱蒸気供給装置33とを有している。
過熱蒸気供給装置33は、蒸気透過網を有して調理対象物11を保持するための蒸気処理容器34と、蒸気処理容器34に向けて上下方向又は左右方向から過熱蒸気を噴出させる。なお、蒸気吹き出しノズル19、20にはそれぞれ多数の蒸気噴出孔23が設けられ、チャンバー35の上部には調理対象物11を加熱処理した後の蒸気を排出するための蒸気排出孔24が備えられている。このような構成によって、所定温度の過熱蒸気を必要に応じて調理対象物11に当てて、所望の温度パターンで調理を行うことができる。
【0012】
続いて、加熱調理装置30に適用する調理対象物11の加熱調理方法について説明する。まず、所定量の調理対象物11を入れた蒸気処理容器34を過熱蒸気供給装置33内に配置する。次いで、蒸気過熱器32を用いて蒸気発生器31から得られる蒸気を200℃となる過熱状態に加熱し、こうして得られる過熱蒸気を蒸気吹き出しノズル19、20を介して調理対象物11に約10秒〜10分間、好ましくは1〜3分間程度吹き付ける。このような高温の過熱蒸気を用いる第1の高温加熱工程によって、調理対象物11の細胞組織がゆるみ、細胞組織を構成するタンパク質等の一部を変成させることができる。
【0013】
次の第1の降温工程では、蒸気過熱器32を用いて過熱蒸気の温度を100℃程度となるように調節して、これを調理対象物11に約10秒〜3分間吹き付ける。このような降温工程を設けることによって、調理対象物11の一旦収縮し始めた状態の細胞膜や組織の変成を緩和させて、組織の破壊に伴う内部に保持される自由水の散逸が抑制されると共に、自由水に含まれるうま味の成分の流出量を少なくすることができる。
そして、続く第2の高温加熱工程では、過熱蒸気の温度を前記第1の高温加熱工程のときよりさらに高温となる約250℃に設定して、蒸気過熱器32より蒸気吹き出しノズル19、20を介して調理対象物11に吹き付ける。こうして、さらに調理対象物11の変成が進んで、消化され易い状態に変化させることができる。次に第2の降温工程を実施して、前記第2の高温加熱工程で進行した組織の変成を再度抑制させる。このようにして、これに続く高温加熱工程と降温工程とをほぼ同様の手順で繰り返すことができる。そして、降温工程を複数介在させることによって急激な温度上昇を与えることなく、調理対象物11を過熱蒸気で所定温度に順次、加熱して、所定量の自由水を保持し、しかも必要な加熱調理の完了した調理対象物11を効率的に得ることができる。
【0014】
本発明の第3の実施の形態に係る加熱調理装置について説明する。なお、前記第1及び第2の実施の形態と同一の機能を有するものは同一の符号を付してその説明を省略する。
図4に示すように、この加熱調理装置40は、それぞれ異なる温度の蒸気が供給され高温過熱蒸気加熱ゾーン及び低温過熱蒸気又は飽和蒸気加熱ゾーンをそれぞれ形成させて調理対象物11を処理するための左右一対の加熱調理室41、42を備えている。そして、加熱調理装置40には、加熱調理室41、42にそれぞれ、所定温度に加熱された過熱蒸気又は飽和蒸気を送るための蒸気加熱器43、44が設けられ、ボイラー18を介して供給される蒸気の加熱が行われるようになっている。
加熱調理室41、42は、例えば昇降可能な隔離壁45を介して互いに区画され、上下一対の蒸気吹き出しノズル19、20の蒸気噴出孔23より吹き付けられる過熱蒸気又は飽和蒸気によって調理対象物11が加熱される。そして、調理対象物11を保持させた調理処理容器46を交互に加熱調理室41及び加熱調理室42間で行き来させるための金網ベルト47を備えた搬送装置48を有する。
【0015】
次に加熱調理装置40に適用する加熱調理方法を以下に説明する。
まず、調理対象物11を入れた調理処理容器46を加熱調理室41の金網ベルト47上に配置し、隔離壁45によって加熱調理室42との間を遮断しておく。そして、蒸気過熱器43より約150℃の過熱蒸気又は飽和蒸気を蒸気吹き出しノズル19、20より吐出させて、調理対象物11の加熱を開始する。
一方、加熱調理室42には、予め約110℃の蒸気を供給しておく。そして、例えば、30〜60秒経過後に、加熱調理室41と加熱調理室42とを分かつ隔離壁45を上下に開いて、搬送装置48を駆動させ、調理処理容器46を加熱調理室41から加熱調理室42に移動させる。次に、再び隔離壁45により加熱調理室41及び42との間を遮断して、調理対象物11の温度を降下させる。
こうして、所定温度に設定された加熱調理室41及び42との間で調理処理容器46を行き来させることにより、高温過熱蒸気加熱ゾーン及び低温過熱蒸気又は飽和蒸気加熱ゾーンとなる所定の温度パターンで調理対象物11の加熱処理を行うことができる。
【0016】
以上、本発明の実施の形態を説明したが、本発明はこの実施の形態に限定されるものではなく、要旨を逸脱しない条件の変更等は全て本発明の適用範囲である。例えば、本実施の形態においては、上下方向から過熱蒸気を噴出する上下一対の蒸気吹き出しノズルを配置する例を示しているが、調理対象物の左右方向及び/又は水平方向から過熱蒸気又は低温のガスを吐出するノズルを設けて、調理対象物の周囲を均一に加熱できるようにしてもよい。
さらに、本実施の形態においては、調理対象物に蒸気を当てて加熱調理する場合について述べたが、このように加熱された調理対象物から流出する油分を取り出すための脱油方法として適用することも可能である。
【0017】
【発明の効果】
請求項1、2記載の加熱調理方法においては、高温の過熱蒸気と低温のガスとを調理対象物に当てて、このような高低に変化させる加熱パターンの繰り返しにより順次調理対象物の加熱調理を行うので、細胞膜組織の変成が緩和されて細胞膜が過度に破壊するのをできる限り抑制し、調理対象物中の自由水の散逸を極力防止して、最終的に得られる調理対象物の歩留まりを向上させることができる。
また、自由水の散逸が抑制されるので、これに含まれる調理対象物のうま味を残すことができる。そして、従来の方法では加熱調理後の調理対象物がぱさぱさとしていたのが、本発明によってぷりぷりとした食感をそのまま残すことができる。
特に、低温のガスには、高温の過熱蒸気より温度の低い過熱蒸気又は飽和蒸気を用いるので、低温の状態でも調理対象物の周囲が水分を保持する蒸気で覆われることになり、これによって調理対象物から自由水が逃げるのをさらに抑制させることができる。
請求項2記載の加熱処理方法においては、コンベアによって調理対象物が搬送される過程で、上下又は左右に設けられた蒸気吹き出しノズルから高温の過熱蒸気又は低温のガスが吹き付けられるので、過熱蒸気を用いて大量の調理対象物を上下方向からむらなく均一に加熱することができる。
また、請求項記載の加熱調理方法においては、調理対象物に当てられる高温の過熱蒸気の温度を前回の高温加熱工程の時より高くなるようにして、次の高温加熱工程を行うので、調理対象物を加熱する温度を次第に上昇させながら調理対象物の自由水や油等のうま味を含む成分の溶出をできる限り少なくして短時間に調理できる。
【0018】
請求項3、4記載の加熱調理装置においては、ネットコンベアと、その上下に設けられた蒸気吹き出しノズルを有する高温過熱蒸気加熱ゾーン及び低温過熱蒸気又は飽和蒸気加熱ゾーンとを備えているので、所定温度に設定された加熱ゾーンに調理対象物を連続的に挿入しながら過熱蒸気を調理対象物に当てることにより調理対象物を大量にかつ短時間に加熱調理することができると共に、調理対象物に含まれる自由水の散逸を抑制して調理歩留まりを高く維持できる。
特に、それぞれの高温過熱蒸気加熱ゾーン及び低温過熱蒸気又は飽和蒸気加熱ゾーンが隔離壁で分離されているので、加熱ゾーンに供給される過熱蒸気が無駄に逃げるのを極力防止することができる。
請求項記載の加熱調理装置においては、ヒータを用いて所定温度に加熱した過熱蒸気を高温過熱蒸気加熱ゾーン及び低温過熱蒸気又は飽和蒸気加熱ゾーンに供給するので、調理対象物に供給される過熱蒸気の熱容量の変動や温度の変動を容易に抑制できる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の第1の実施の形態に係る加熱調理装置の説明図である。
【図2】同加熱調理装置における調理対象物の温度変化のパターンを示す模式図である。
【図3】本発明の第2の実施の形態に係る加熱調理装置の説明図である。
【図4】本発明の第3の実施の形態に係る加熱調理装置の説明図である。
【符号の説明】
10 加熱調理装置 11 調理対象物
12 ネットコンベア(コンベア) 13 過熱蒸気供給ユニット
14 過熱蒸気供給ユニット 15 過熱蒸気供給ユニット
16 過熱蒸気供給ユニット 17 過熱蒸気供給ユニット
18 ボイラー 19 蒸気吹き出しノズル
20 蒸気吹き出しノズル 21 チャンバー
21a 隔離壁 22 蒸気過熱器
23 蒸気噴出孔 24 蒸気排出孔
30 加熱調理装置 31 蒸気発生器
32 蒸気過熱器 33 過熱蒸気供給装置
34 蒸気処理容器 35 チャンバー
40 加熱調理装置 41 加熱調理室
42 加熱調理室 43 蒸気加熱器
44 蒸気加熱器 45 隔離壁
46 調理処理容器 47 金網ベルト
48 搬送装置
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a cooking method and apparatus for producing foods such as livestock meat, fish meat, vegetables, pet food, and livestock feed, for example.
[0002]
[Prior art]
The method of cooking cooking objects for food use, etc. not only physically changes the shape and properties of the food material, but also causes chemical changes in the ingredients, such as nutritional value and taste as food. Can also be changed. Such heating cooking methods include a dry heat method using an oven or the like that does not use water as a heating medium during heating, but generally has a drawback that uniform heating is difficult. On the other hand, there is a moist heat method that facilitates uniform heating using water as a heat medium. As the wet heat method, there are known a cooking method such as cooking that heats a cooking object with heated water, and a cooking method that steams the cooking object using steam. In particular, the cooking method for steaming is a cooking method suitable for heating a cooking object uniformly.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in the conventional cooking method by the wet heat method, the cell membrane of the cooking object is often destroyed by the contraction or pressure difference inside the cell during the heating process, so that the umami etc. from the tissue such as the broken cell membrane As a result, free water (free liquid) containing the above ingredients was eluted, and the weight of the object to be cooked after cooking was reduced, thereby reducing the cooking yield.
Furthermore, there has been a problem that the taste and texture of the cooking object are easily impaired by the destruction of the cell membrane and tissue of the cooking object.
The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and provides a cooking method and apparatus capable of suppressing a decrease in cooking yield and maintaining the taste and texture of a cooking object satisfactorily. For the purpose.
[0004]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The heat cooking method according to the present invention that meets the above-mentioned object is a heat cooking method for cooking a cooking object using superheated steam,
A high-temperature heating process in which high-temperature superheated steam is applied to the object to be cooked, and a temperature-lowering process in which low-temperature gas comprising superheated steam or saturated steam having a lower temperature than the high-temperature superheated steam used in the high-temperature heating process is applied to the object to be cooked. Are alternately repeated to provide the temperature lowering step a plurality of times for heating the object to be cooked , and the high-temperature superheated steam sprayed later on the object to be cooked is a high temperature sprayed first on the object to be cooked. The temperature of the superheated steam that is sprayed a plurality of times is gradually increased, and the temperature of the superheated steam is gradually increased.
Suppresses the degeneration of cell membrane tissue of the cooking object, suppresses the destruction of the cell membrane, suppresses the dissipation of free water in the cooking object, keeps the taste good, and improves the yield of the cooking object Let
Further, in the process of transporting the object to be cooked by the conveyor, high-temperature superheated steam or low-temperature gas may be blown from the steam blowing nozzles provided on the top and bottom or the left and right. And can be heated uniformly.
Furthermore, the temperature of the high-temperature superheated steam applied to the object to be cooked may be set higher than that in the previous high-temperature heating step to perform the next high-temperature heating step. Thereby, the effect of heat processing can be enlarged gradually and cooking of a cooking target object can be performed efficiently in a short time.
[0005]
A heating cooking apparatus according to the present invention is provided with a net conveyor that gradually conveys an object to be cooked, and a high-temperature superheater that is alternately provided along the net conveyor and that has steam blowing nozzles above and below the net conveyor, respectively. and a steam heating zone and low temperature superheated steam or saturated steam heating zone, wherein each of the high-temperature superheated steam heating zone and low temperature superheated steam or saturated steam heating zones are separated by a separating wall, wherein the high temperature superheated steam heating zone and a low temperature superheat The high temperature heating process and the temperature lowering process of the cooking object are repeated via the steam or saturated steam heating zone.
That is, rapid transformation of the cooking object caused by heating in the high-temperature superheated steam heating zone is mitigated by spraying low-temperature superheated steam or low-temperature superheated steam in the saturated steam heating zone. Thereby, the excessive destruction of the structure | tissue of a cooking target object is suppressed, dissipation of the free water contained can be decreased, and a cooking yield can be maintained high.
Moreover, you may make it supply the superheated steam which heated the steam to predetermined temperature with the heater to the high temperature superheated steam heating zone and the low temperature superheated steam or saturated steam heating zone. In this case, the cooking object can be cooked by setting the temperature of the superheated steam independently.
[0006]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Next, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings for understanding of the present invention.
Here, FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of the cooking device according to the first embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a temperature change of a cooking object in the cooking device, and FIG. 3 is a second diagram of the present invention. Explanatory drawing of the heat cooking apparatus which concerns on embodiment, FIG. 4 is explanatory drawing of the heat cooking apparatus which concerns on the 3rd Embodiment of this invention.
First, the heating cooking apparatus which concerns on the 1st Embodiment of this invention is demonstrated.
As shown in FIG. 1, the heating cooking device 10 supplies superheated steam to a net conveyor 12 (an example of a conveyor) for transferring the cooking object 11 and the cooking object 11 transferred on the net conveyor 12. The five superheated steam supply units 13 to 17 and the boiler 18 that sends steam to each of the superheated steam supply units 13 to 17 are provided.
As the cooking object 11, for example, a material obtained by cutting livestock meat, fish meat, or vegetables into an appropriate size can be used. Note that the cooking object 11 is not limited to humans, and raw materials for producing livestock feed such as cattle and pigs and pet food for dogs and cats can also be applied.
The net conveyor 12 (also referred to as a wire mesh chain conveyor) is a device that holds and conveys the cooking object 11 on a wire mesh belt having a gap through which superheated steam can permeate from below. Here, although the cooking object 11 is directly placed on the net conveyor 12 and transferred, it can also be processed in a state of being put in advance in a container made of a wire net or the like that can transmit superheated steam. .
[0007]
The superheated steam supply units 13 to 17 include a pair of upper and lower steam blowing nozzles 19 and 20 and a steam blowing nozzle 19 and 20 for blowing superheated steam from the up and down direction to the cooking object 11 transferred on the net conveyor 12. And a chamber 21 for forming a high-temperature superheated steam heating zone and a low-temperature superheated steam or saturated steam heating zone having a separating wall 21a and separated from each other, and steam supplied from the boiler 18 in a predetermined temperature range, for example, Each has a steam superheater 22 equipped with a heater (not shown) for setting in the range of 100 ° C to 900 ° C, preferably 110 ° C to 300 ° C, more preferably 120 ° C to 200 ° C.
If the temperature of the superheated steam is too high, the cell membrane or the like of the cooking object 11 is excessively destroyed or the coagulation becomes remarkable, which is not preferable. Conversely, when the temperature of the superheated steam is too low, the cooking effect is reduced, and it becomes difficult to efficiently process a large amount of the cooking object 11.
[0008]
The steam blowing nozzles 19 and 20 are formed, for example, by sealing one end of a cylindrical pipe and forming a large number of steam ejection holes 23 on the side surface of the pipe. Superheated steam is supplied from the other end side, and superheated steam is sprayed toward the cooking object 11 conveyed on the net conveyor 12 through a large number of steam ejection holes 23.
Note that air at room temperature, which is an example of a low-temperature gas, can be taken in from the steam blowing nozzles 19 and 20 as necessary, and can be discharged using a compressor, a fan, or the like (not shown). The temperature of the cooking object 11 heated to a high temperature can be lowered. Further, here, the steam blowing nozzles 19 and 20 are arranged in the vertical direction with the belt of the net conveyor 12 interposed therebetween. However, such steam blowing nozzles are arranged in the horizontal direction (horizontal direction) with respect to the transport direction of the net conveyor 12. It may be arranged in such a way that it can be heated evenly.
The chamber 21 is, for example, a pair of upper and lower metal cases formed so as to surround the cooking object 11 conveyed on the net conveyor 12 from above and below, and the pair of upper and lower metal cases has a predetermined gap in the upper and lower direction. The belt portion of the net conveyor 12 can be driven through this gap. In addition, the steam discharge hole 24 is provided in the upper part or the lower part (depending on the case, either left or right) of the chamber 21 so that the superheated steam after being sprayed on the cooking object 11 is efficiently discharged. It has become.
[0009]
Then, the heat cooking method using the heat cooking apparatus 10 is demonstrated, referring FIG.1 and FIG.2.
First, the cooking object 11 crushed or cut into a predetermined size, for example, about 1 to 10 mm, is taken out from a storage container such as a hopper (not shown) and supplied to the insertion side of the net conveyor 12.
At this time, the temperature of the superheated steam supplied to each chamber 21 through the steam blowing nozzles 19 and 20 of the respective superheated steam supply units 13 to 17 is 100 using each steam superheater 22 as shown in FIG. The temperature is set to be 300 ° C, 300 ° C, 100 ° C, 400 ° C, and 100 ° C. That is, in each chamber 21 of the superheated steam supply units 13 to 17, a processing zone for preheating (100 ° C.), a high temperature superheated steam heating zone (300 ° C.), a low temperature superheated steam or saturated steam heating zone (100 ° C.), A high-temperature superheated steam heating zone (400 ° C.), a low-temperature superheated steam or a saturated steam heating zone (100 ° C.) are formed.
In addition, such a temperature pattern shows an example, For example, you may make it cool part or all of a low-temperature superheated steam or saturated steam heating zone using the air of room temperature. In this case, since it is not necessary to heat air as a low-temperature gas, the fuel cost and the like related to the cooking object 11 can be reduced and the facility can be simplified.
[0010]
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a transition pattern of the internal temperature of the cooking object 11 when sequentially processed using the cooking device 10 having the superheated steam supply units 13 to 17 set as described above. As shown in the drawing, the cooking object 11 is sequentially heated to the high temperature side through a high temperature heating process in which the temperature rises and a temperature lowering process in which the temperature decreases when the temperature is heated in the high temperature heating process. In addition, the processing time until the cooking object 11 is inserted from the inlet side of the heat treatment apparatus 10 and the processed cooking object 11 is taken out from the outlet side is about 3 to 5 minutes. The moving speed is set.
The cooking object 11 supplied to the heating cooking apparatus 10 is cooked heated to a high temperature because the high temperature heating step and the temperature lowering step are repeated through the zones set to such a high temperature and low temperature. The transformation of the object 11 will be alleviated in the subsequent temperature lowering step, and it is possible to promote gentle heating and transformation of proteins and the like without excessively destroying the cell membrane and tissue of the cooking object 11. This makes it possible to maintain an elastic feel when the processed cooking object 11 is eaten.
Furthermore, since the high temperature heating of the cooking object 11 is performed in a steam atmosphere, the dissipation of free water held by the cooking object 11 is suppressed, and the umami component in the cooking object 11 is less likely to escape, and the taste Can be kept good, and a decrease in the cooking yield can be suppressed. For example, in the conventional steaming cooking method, the weight reduction rate of the cooking object before and after cooking was about 30%, but according to such a heating cooking method, the weight reduction rate of the cooking object 11 is about It is a low level of 10% (range of 2 to 20%).
[0011]
Next, a cooking device 30 according to a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. Note that the cooking device 30 basically has a configuration in which the continuous processing by the conveyor system of the cooking object in the cooking device 10 is a batch-type processing, so that those having the same function have the same reference numerals. The detailed explanation is omitted.
The cooking device 30 includes a steam generator 31 for generating steam, a steam superheater 32 for heating the steam with a heater (not shown) to obtain superheated steam at a predetermined temperature, and superheated steam on the cooking object 11. And a superheated steam supply device 33 for heating.
The superheated steam supply device 33 has a steam transmission net and a steam processing container 34 for holding the object 11 to be cooked, and jets superheated steam from the vertical direction or the horizontal direction toward the steam processing container 34. Each of the steam blowing nozzles 19 and 20 is provided with a number of steam blowing holes 23, and a steam discharging hole 24 for discharging steam after the cooking object 11 is heated is provided in the upper part of the chamber 35. ing. With such a configuration, it is possible to perform cooking in a desired temperature pattern by applying superheated steam at a predetermined temperature to the cooking object 11 as necessary.
[0012]
Then, the heat cooking method of the cooking target object 11 applied to the heat cooking apparatus 30 is demonstrated. First, the steam processing container 34 containing a predetermined amount of the cooking object 11 is placed in the superheated steam supply device 33. Next, the steam obtained from the steam generator 31 is heated to a superheated state of 200 ° C. using the steam superheater 32, and the superheated steam thus obtained is supplied to the cooking object 11 through the steam blowing nozzles 19, 20 to about 10 Spray for 2 to 10 minutes, preferably about 1 to 3 minutes. By the first high-temperature heating step using such high-temperature superheated steam, the cellular tissue of the cooking object 11 is loosened, and a part of proteins and the like constituting the cellular tissue can be transformed.
[0013]
In the next first temperature lowering step, the temperature of the superheated steam is adjusted to about 100 ° C. using the steam superheater 32, and this is sprayed on the cooking object 11 for about 10 seconds to 3 minutes. By providing such a temperature lowering step, the degeneration of the cell membrane and tissue in the state in which the cooking object 11 has once contracted is relaxed, and the dissipation of free water retained inside due to tissue destruction is suppressed. At the same time, the outflow amount of the umami component contained in the free water can be reduced.
In the subsequent second high-temperature heating step, the temperature of the superheated steam is set to about 250 ° C., which is higher than that in the first high-temperature heating step, and the steam blowing nozzles 19 and 20 are set from the steam superheater 32. Through the cooking object 11. In this way, the transformation of the cooking object 11 further proceeds, and the cooking object 11 can be changed to a state that is easily digested. Next, a 2nd temperature fall process is implemented and the structure | denaturation of the structure | tissue which progressed at the said 2nd high temperature heating process is suppressed again. In this way, the subsequent high-temperature heating step and temperature-falling step can be repeated in substantially the same procedure. Then, by interposing a plurality of temperature lowering steps, the cooking object 11 is sequentially heated to a predetermined temperature with superheated steam without giving a rapid temperature rise, and a predetermined amount of free water is retained, and the necessary cooking is performed. The completed cooking object 11 can be efficiently obtained.
[0014]
A cooking device according to a third embodiment of the present invention will be described. In addition, what has the same function as the said 1st and 2nd embodiment attaches | subjects the same code | symbol, and abbreviate | omits the description.
As shown in FIG. 4, the heating and cooking apparatus 40 is configured to process a cooking object 11 by supplying steam at different temperatures to form a high-temperature superheated steam heating zone and a low-temperature superheated steam or saturated steam heating zone, respectively. A pair of left and right cooking chambers 41 and 42 are provided. The heating cooking apparatus 40 is provided with steam heaters 43 and 44 for sending superheated steam or saturated steam heated to a predetermined temperature to the heating cooking chambers 41 and 42, respectively, and is supplied via the boiler 18. The steam is heated.
The cooking chambers 41 and 42 are partitioned from each other via, for example, a vertically movable separating wall 45, and the cooking object 11 is heated by superheated steam or saturated steam blown from the steam ejection holes 23 of the pair of upper and lower steam blowing nozzles 19 and 20. Heated. And it has the conveying apparatus 48 provided with the metal-mesh belt 47 for making the cooking processing container 46 holding the cooking target object 11 go back and forth between the heating cooking chamber 41 and the heating cooking chamber 42 alternately.
[0015]
Next, the heating cooking method applied to the heating cooking apparatus 40 is demonstrated below.
First, the cooking container 46 containing the cooking object 11 is placed on the wire mesh belt 47 of the heating cooking chamber 41, and the heating cooking chamber 42 is blocked by the isolation wall 45. And about 150 degreeC superheated steam or saturated steam is discharged from the steam blowing nozzles 19 and 20 from the steam superheater 43, and the heating of the cooking object 11 is started.
On the other hand, steam at about 110 ° C. is supplied to the cooking chamber 42 in advance. Then, for example, after 30 to 60 seconds have elapsed, the heating cooking chamber 41 and the heating cooking chamber 42 are separated, the isolation wall 45 is opened up and down, the conveying device 48 is driven, and the cooking processing container 46 is heated from the heating cooking chamber 41. Move to cooking chamber 42. Next, the space between the cooking chambers 41 and 42 is again blocked by the isolation wall 45, and the temperature of the cooking object 11 is lowered.
In this way, cooking is performed in a predetermined temperature pattern that becomes a high-temperature superheated steam heating zone and a low-temperature superheated steam or saturated steam heating zone by moving the cooking container 46 back and forth between the heating cooking chambers 41 and 42 set to a predetermined temperature. The heat treatment of the object 11 can be performed.
[0016]
As mentioned above, although embodiment of this invention was described, this invention is not limited to this embodiment, All the changes of the conditions etc. which do not deviate from a summary are the application scope of this invention. For example, in the present embodiment, an example in which a pair of upper and lower steam blowing nozzles for ejecting superheated steam from the vertical direction is shown, but the superheated steam or low temperature from the horizontal direction and / or horizontal direction of the cooking object is shown. You may provide the nozzle which discharges gas so that the circumference | surroundings of a cooking target object can be heated uniformly.
Furthermore, in the present embodiment, the case where cooking is performed by applying steam to the object to be cooked has been described. However, the present invention is applied as a deoiling method for taking out oil flowing out from the cooking object thus heated. Is also possible.
[0017]
【The invention's effect】
In the cooking method according to claim 1 and 2 , the cooking object is sequentially cooked by repeating the heating pattern in which the high temperature superheated steam and the low temperature gas are applied to the cooking object and changed to such a high and low. Therefore, it is possible to suppress the excessive destruction of the cell membrane as much as possible by reducing the degeneration of the cell membrane tissue, preventing the dissipation of free water in the cooking object as much as possible, and reducing the yield of the finally obtained cooking object. Can be improved.
Moreover, since dissipation of free water is suppressed, the umami | flavor of the cooking object contained in this can be left. And in the conventional method, the cooking object after heat cooking was crisp, but according to the present invention, the crisp texture can be left as it is.
In particular, as the low-temperature gas, superheated steam or saturated steam having a temperature lower than that of the high-temperature superheated steam is used, so that the surroundings of the cooking object are covered with steam that retains moisture even in a low-temperature state. It is possible to further suppress the free water from escaping from the object.
In the heat treatment method according to claim 2, high-temperature superheated steam or low-temperature gas is blown from the steam blowout nozzles provided on the top and bottom or the left and right in the process of conveying the cooking object by the conveyor. It can be used to heat a large amount of cooking objects uniformly from the up and down direction.
Moreover, in the heating cooking method of Claim 1 , since the next high-temperature heating process is performed so that the temperature of the high-temperature superheated steam applied to the cooking object becomes higher than the previous high-temperature heating process, cooking While gradually increasing the temperature at which the object is heated, the cooking object can be cooked in a short time with as little elution of components as possible including umami such as free water and oil.
[0018]
In the heating and cooking apparatus according to claims 3 and 4, since it comprises a net conveyor and a high-temperature superheated steam heating zone and a low-temperature superheated steam or saturated steam heating zone having steam blowing nozzles provided above and below it, a predetermined The cooking object can be cooked in a large amount of time in a short time by applying superheated steam to the cooking object while continuously inserting the cooking object into each heating zone set to the temperature. The dissipation of free water contained in can be suppressed and the cooking yield can be kept high.
In particular, since the high-temperature superheated steam heating zone and the low-temperature superheated steam or saturated steam heating zone are separated by the separation wall, it is possible to prevent the superheated steam supplied to each heating zone from escaping wastefully.
In the cooking apparatus according to claim 4, since the superheated steam heated to a predetermined temperature using the heater is supplied to the high temperature superheated steam heating zone and the low temperature superheated steam or saturated steam heating zone, the superheat supplied to the cooking object. Fluctuations in steam heat capacity and temperature can be easily suppressed.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of a cooking device according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a temperature change pattern of a cooking object in the heating cooking apparatus.
FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of a cooking device according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of a cooking device according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Cooking apparatus 11 Cooking object 12 Net conveyor (conveyor) 13 Superheated steam supply unit 14 Superheated steam supply unit 15 Superheated steam supply unit 16 Superheated steam supply unit 17 Superheated steam supply unit 18 Boiler 19 Steam blowing nozzle 20 Steam blowing nozzle 21 Chamber 21a Separation wall 22 Steam superheater 23 Steam ejection hole 24 Steam discharge hole 30 Cooking device 31 Steam generator 32 Steam superheater 33 Superheated steam supply device 34 Steam treatment vessel 35 Chamber 40 Heating cooking device 41 Heating cooking chamber 42 Heating cooking Chamber 43 Steam heater 44 Steam heater 45 Isolation wall 46 Cooking processing container 47 Wire mesh belt 48 Conveying device

Claims (4)

調理対象物を過熱蒸気を用いて調理する加熱調理方法であって、
高温の過熱蒸気を前記調理対象物に当てる高温加熱工程と、該高温加熱工程で使用した高温の過熱蒸気より温度の低い過熱蒸気又は飽和蒸気からなる低温のガスを該調理対象物に当てる降温工程とを交互に繰り返して、該調理対象物の加熱に複数回の前記降温工程を設け、しかも、前記調理対象物に後に吹き付けられる前記高温の過熱蒸気は、該調理対象物に先に吹き付けられる高温の過熱蒸気より高温となって、複数回吹き付けられる前記高温の過熱蒸気の温度を徐々に高くし、
前記調理対象物の細胞膜組織の変成を緩和して細胞膜の破壊を抑制し、前記調理対象物中の自由水の散逸を抑制して、食味を良好に保つと共に、前記調理対象物の歩留まりを向上させることを特徴とする加熱調理方法。
A cooking method for cooking a cooking object using superheated steam,
A high-temperature heating process in which high-temperature superheated steam is applied to the object to be cooked, and a temperature-lowering process in which low-temperature gas comprising superheated steam or saturated steam having a lower temperature than the high-temperature superheated steam used in the high-temperature heating process is applied to the object to be cooked. Are alternately repeated to provide the temperature lowering step a plurality of times for heating the object to be cooked , and the high-temperature superheated steam sprayed later on the object to be cooked is a high temperature sprayed first on the object to be cooked. The temperature of the superheated steam that is sprayed a plurality of times is gradually increased, and the temperature of the superheated steam is gradually increased.
Suppresses the degeneration of cell membrane tissue of the cooking object, suppresses the destruction of the cell membrane, suppresses the dissipation of free water in the cooking object, keeps the taste good, and improves the yield of the cooking object A cooking method characterized by causing the heat cooking.
請求項1記載の加熱調理方法において、前記調理対象物は、コンベアによって搬送される過程で、上下又は左右に設けられた蒸気吹き出しノズルから前記高温の過熱蒸気又は前記低温のガスが吹き付けられることを特徴とする加熱調理方法。  2. The cooking method according to claim 1, wherein the cooking object is blown by the high-temperature superheated steam or the low-temperature gas from a steam blowing nozzle provided at the top, bottom, left or right in the process of being conveyed by a conveyor. Heat cooking method characterized. 調理対象物を徐々に搬送するネットコンベアと、該ネットコンベアに沿って順次交互に設けられ、内部には前記ネットコンベアの上下に蒸気吹き出しノズルをそれぞれ有する高温過熱蒸気加熱ゾーン及び低温過熱蒸気又は飽和蒸気加熱ゾーンとを備え、前記それぞれの高温過熱蒸気加熱ゾーン及び低温過熱蒸気又は飽和蒸気加熱ゾーンは隔離壁によって分離され、
前記各高温過熱蒸気加熱ゾーン及び低温過熱蒸気又は飽和蒸気加熱ゾーンを経由して前記調理対象物の高温加熱工程と降温工程を繰り返すことを特徴とする加熱調理装置。
A net conveyor that gradually conveys the object to be cooked, and a high-temperature superheated steam heating zone and a low-temperature superheated steam or saturated that are alternately provided along the net conveyor and have steam blowing nozzles above and below the net conveyor, respectively. A steam heating zone, the respective high temperature superheated steam heating zone and the low temperature superheated steam or saturated steam heating zone being separated by a separating wall;
A cooking apparatus characterized by repeating a high-temperature heating process and a temperature-lowering process of the object to be cooked through the high-temperature superheated steam heating zone and the low-temperature superheated steam or saturated steam heating zone.
請求項記載の加熱調理装置において、前記高温過熱蒸気加熱ゾーン及び低温過熱蒸気又は飽和蒸気加熱ゾーンに供給される蒸気は、ボイラーから発生する蒸気をヒータによって所定温度に加熱したものであることを特徴とする加熱調理装置。4. The cooking apparatus according to claim 3 , wherein the steam supplied to the high-temperature superheated steam heating zone and the low-temperature superheated steam or saturated steam heating zone is obtained by heating steam generated from a boiler to a predetermined temperature by a heater. A heating cooking device characterized.
JP34492398A 1998-11-17 1998-11-17 Cooking method and apparatus therefor Expired - Fee Related JP4121646B2 (en)

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