JP4101321B2 - Heat treated oil - Google Patents
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- JP4101321B2 JP4101321B2 JP33631196A JP33631196A JP4101321B2 JP 4101321 B2 JP4101321 B2 JP 4101321B2 JP 33631196 A JP33631196 A JP 33631196A JP 33631196 A JP33631196 A JP 33631196A JP 4101321 B2 JP4101321 B2 JP 4101321B2
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Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は金属の焼入れ用に特に有用な熱処理油に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
金属の熱処理、特に焼入れにおいては、その熱処理条件に適した熱処理油の選定が重要であり、その選定が不適切な場合には十分な焼入れ硬さが得られないことがあり、また著しいひずみが発生することがある。一般に、炭素鋼はいわゆる「焼き」が入りにくい鋼材であることから、炭素鋼の焼入れには焼入れ性向上剤として、合成高分子炭化水素やアスファルト質の石油系高分子炭化水素を含有する粘度範囲10〜20mm2 /s(@40℃)程度の焼入れ油が使用されているが、特に焼入れ性が良好であるとの理由から、焼きの入りにくい鋼材の焼入れ油としてはできるだけ粘度の低い熱処理油が選ばれるのが普通である。
しかし、一般的な傾向としては粘度の低い熱処理油には比較的多量の低沸点鉱油が配合されている関係で、引火性が高くなる不都合がある。焼入れは高温に加熱した鋼材を油中に投入して急冷する作業であるので、引火点の高い熱処理油の使用は常に危険性を孕んでいると言える。
【0003】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、焼入れ硬化性に乏しい鋼材にも充分な硬度を付与することができ、しかも引火性の低い熱処理油を提供するものである。
【0004】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は、(1)40℃の動粘度が4〜25mm 2 /sで5%留出温度が250〜309℃の軽質鉱油又は合成油を一種以上、(2)40℃の動粘度が25mm 2 /sを超え100mm 2 /s以下で5%留出温度が250℃〜450℃の重質鉱油を一種以上、及び(3)(A)ポリオレフィン及び/又はその水素化物と(B)アスファルトとの少なくとも一方を含有し、かつ40℃の動粘度が12〜30mm 2 /sで5%留出温度が290〜310℃であることを特徴とする熱処理油にある。
【0005】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明の内容をより詳細に説明する。
本発明に係る熱処理油の5%留出温度は、焼入れ性の観点から310℃以下であることが必要であり、引火性の観点から290℃以上であることが必要である。なお、本発明において、5%留出温度とはJIS K 2254「石油製品−蒸留試験」の「参考 石油留分のガスクロ法蒸留試験方法」によって測定される5%留出温度を意味する。
本発明に係る熱処理油は、また、40℃における動粘度が12〜30mm2 /sの範囲にあることが必要である。40℃における動粘度の上限値は、焼入れ性の観点から、30mm2 /s、好ましくは25mm2 /s、より好ましくは20mm2 /sである。また、下限値はひずみ、焼割れの発生を防止する能力が高く、引火の危険性が小さいことなどから、12mm2 /s、好ましくは13mm2 /s、より好ましくは14mm2 /sである。
【0006】
5%留出温度および40℃における動粘度がそれぞれ上記した290〜310℃および12〜30mm2 /sの範囲にある本発明の熱処理油は、焼入れ性が高く、引火の危険性が低い特性を備え、しかもひずみや焼割れの発生を防止する能力を兼備しているが、上記の5%留出温度条件および動粘度条件に加えて、5%留出温度と平均沸点との和の1/2が380℃以下であるという条件を満たす熱処理油は、その焼入れ性がさらに向上する。
ここで、平均沸点とは、上記の「ガスクロ法蒸留試験方法」で測定された10%留出温度、30%留出温度、50%留出温度、70%留出温度、90%留出温度の相加平均を意味する。
本発明の熱処理油の他の性状は任意であるが、JIS K 2256「原油および石油製品引火点試験方法」で測定される引火点が170℃以上であることが好ましい。また、本発明の熱処理油は、JIS K 2256「石油製品アニリン点及び混合アニリン点試験法」で測定したアニリン点が、40〜130℃であることが好ましい。さらにまた、本発明の熱処理油は、JIS K 2249「原油及び石油製品の密度試験方法並びに密度・質量・容量換算表」により測定した密度(15℃)が、0.70〜0.95g/cm3 であることが好ましい。
【0007】
本発明の熱処理油には、その焼入れ性をさらに向上させるために(A)ポリオレフィンおよび/またはその水素化物ならびに(B)アスファルトの一方または両方を含有させることができる。
上記(A)成分のポリオレフィンとしては、エチレンとα−オレフィンとの共重合体、ポリブテン、1−オクテンオリゴマー、1−デセンオリゴマーおよびその水素化物等が挙げられる。(A)成分のポリオレフィンの中でも、焼入れ性を向上させる効果がより高く、熱・酸化安定性に優れることから、エチレンとα−オレフィンの共重合体を用いることが好ましい。
エチレンとα−オレフィンとの共重合体としては、エチレンと1種類のα−オレフィンがランダム共重合、ブロック共重合または交互共重合した、いわゆる二元共重合体が使用でき、また、種類が異なる2種以上のα−オレフィンがエチレンとランダム共重合、ブロック共重合または交互共重合した、いわゆる多元共重合体も使用可能である。
ここでいうα−オレフィンは、直鎖状でも分枝状でも良いが、その炭素数は一般には3〜50、好ましくは3〜20の範囲にある。具体的には、プロピレン、1−ブテン、1−ペンテン、1−ヘキセン、4−メチル−1−ペンテン、3−メチル−1−ペンテン、1−ヘプテン、1−オクテン、1−ノネン、1−デセン、1−ウンデセン、1−ドデセン、1−トリデセン、1−テトラデセン、1−ペンタデセン、1−ヘキサデセン、1−ヘプタデセン、1−オクタデセン、1−ノナデセン、1−イコセン等などが例示できる。
エチレンとα−オレフィンの共重合体は公知のいずれかの方法で製造することができる。例えば、無触媒による熱反応によって製造できる外、過酸化ベンゾイルなどの有機過酸化物触媒;塩化アルミニウム、塩化アルミニウム−多価アルコール系、塩化アルミニウム−四塩化チタン系、塩化アルミニウム−アルキル錫ハライド系、フッ化ホウ素などのフリーデルクラフツ型触媒;有機塩化アルミニウム−四塩化チタン系、有機アルミニウム−四塩化チタン系などのチーグラー型触媒;有機アルミニウム−オキシ三塩化バナジウム系などのバナジウム系触媒;アルミノキサン−ジルコノセン系やイオン性化合物−ジルコノセン系などのメタロセン型触媒;塩化アルミニウム−塩基系やフッ化ホウ素−塩基系などのルイス酸コンプレックス型触媒などの公知の触媒系を用いて、エチレンと上記のα−オレフィンを共重合させることによって得ることができる。
本発明の熱処理油においてエチレンとα−オレフィンとの共重合体を含有させる場合、その共重合体におけるエチレン含有量は格別限定されることはないが、最終的に得られる熱処理油の酸化安定性、焼入れ性、光輝性を勘案すると、共重合体におけるエチレン成分単位の含有量は、共重合体全量基準で40〜80質量%、好ましくは45〜70質量%、より好ましくは50〜60質量%の範囲にあることが望ましい。
上記した各ポリオレフィンは、通常、二重結合を含有しているので、その二重結合を水素化したいわゆる水素化物は、未水素化物より熱・酸化安定性に優れる点で、ポリオレフィンより(A)成分として好ましい。
ポリオレフィンの水素化物は任意の方法で得ることができ、例えばポリオレフィンを公知の水素化触媒の存在下で水素で水素化し、ポリオレフィン中に存在する二重結合を飽和化することによって得られる。また重合触媒を適宜選択することによって、ポリオレフィンの製造とポリオレフィン中に存在する二重結合の水素化を一段で行わせることもできる。
本発明の熱処理油に配合するポリオレフィンおよび/またはその水素化物には、その分子量に関して格別な限定はない。しかし、分解安定性に優れる点で、通常、数平均分子量は1200〜4000、好ましくは、1500〜3000の範囲にあることが望ましい。数平均分子量が1200未満の場合は熱処理油の焼入れ性に劣り、また数平均分子量が4000を超えると、熱処理油の熱・酸化安定性が劣るからである。
なお、現在、潤滑油基油用または潤滑油添加剤用としてエチレン−プロピレン共重合体の名で市販されているものは、通常、その二重結合が既に水素化されているもので、これらは上記(A)成分として好ましく用いることができる。
【0008】
上記した(B)成分であるアスファルトには、石油系アスファルトや天然アスファルト等をそのまま使用することができ、またこれらアスファルトに溶剤抽出法などを適用し、鉱油に対する溶解性の低い成分を除いたものも使用できる。(B)成分のアスファルトとしては、JIS K 2207「石油アスファルト」の6.3「針入度試験方法」で測定した針入度(25℃)が0〜300であり、6.4「軟化点試験方法」により測定した軟化点が30〜150℃であり、密度(15℃)が1.0g/cm3 以上であることが好ましい。
アスファルトの添加は、熱処理油の性能を損なうことはないものの、これを着色させるので、透明タイプの熱処理油を所望する場合には、アスファルトは使用しないのが望ましい。
【0009】
本発明の熱処理油において、上記(A)成分および/または(B)成分を含有させる場合のこれら成分の含有量は、任意に選ぶことができるが、下限値は熱処理油全量基準で(A)成分および(B)成分の合計量として0.01質量%、好ましくは0.05質量%、より好ましくは0.1質量%である。含有量が上記下限値未満の場合は、満足できるほどの焼入れ性向上効果を期待できない。一方、含有量の上限値は、熱処理油全量基準で(A)成分および(B)成分の合計量として20質量%、好ましくは10質量%、より好ましくは5.0質量%である。含有量が上記上限値を超える場合は、含有量に見合うだけの焼入れ性向上効果が得られない。
【0010】
本発明の熱処理油には、その性能をさらに高める目的で、公知の添加剤を必要に応じて含有させることができる。これらの公知添加剤としては、例えば、オレイン酸、綿実油脂肪酸などの脂肪酸、脂肪酸エステル、テルペン樹脂などの光輝性改良剤;2,6−ジ−t−ブチル−p−クレゾール等のフェノール化合物、ジフェニルアミン、フェニル−α−ナフチルアミン等のアミン化合物などの酸化防止剤;アルカリ土類金属スルホネート、アルカリ土類金属フェネート、アルカリ土類金属サリシレート、ソルビタンエステル、ポリオキシアルキレン化合物、アルケニルコハク酸イミドなどの界面活性剤などが例示できる。
これら公知添加剤の含有量も任意に選ぶことができるが、通常は熱処理油全量基準で公知添加剤の合計含有量が0.01〜20質量%となるように選ばれる。
【0011】
本発明の熱処理油を調製するに際しては、その原料油として鉱油および合成油の1種または2種以上が使用可能である。使用可能な鉱油を例示すると、原油を常圧蒸留および減圧蒸留して得られた潤滑油留分に、溶剤脱れき、溶剤抽出、水素化分解、溶剤脱ろう、接触脱ろう、水素化精製、硫酸洗浄、白土処理などの精製処理を適宜組み合わせて適用して得られるところの、パラフィン系鉱油、ナフテン系鉱油などを挙げることができる。また、合成油としては、例えば、ポリオレフィン(エチレン−プロピレン共重合体、ポリブテン、1−オクテンオリゴマー、1−デセンオリゴマーなど)およびこれらの水素化物、アルキルベンゼン、アルキルナフタレン、エステル、ポリオキシアルキレングリコール、ポリフェニルエーテル、ジアルキルジフェニルエーテル、リン酸エステル(トリクレジルフォスフェートなど)、含フッ素化合物(パーフルオロポリエーテル、フッ素化ポリオレフィンなど)、シリコーン油等を挙げることができる。
本発明で規定する5%留出温度条件および動粘度条件(@40℃)を満足する熱処理油は、上記した鉱油および合成油のいずれかに、蒸留操作を施すことだけで勿論調製することができる。しかし、熱処理の対象となる鋼材の種類その他によって、熱処理由に要求される粘度等の性状が異なるため、蒸留操作だけでは所期の熱処理油が取得できない場合が多い。そうした場合には、2種以上の油を混合することによって、本発明で規定する5%留出温度条件および動粘度条件(@40℃)を満足する熱処理油を得ることができる。
例えば、次のような2種類の油を下記の割合で配合することで、本発明で規定する条件を満足する熱処理油を得ることができる。
(1)下記の条件を同時に満たす軽質高度精製鉱油および/または合成油100重量部
・40℃における動粘度が4〜25mm2 /s
・5%留出温度が250℃〜309℃
・平均沸点が290〜400℃
・密度が0.70〜0.95g/cm3
・アニリン点が40〜130℃
(2)下記の条件を同時に満たす重質高度精製鉱油1〜10000重量部
・40℃における動粘度が25mm2 /sを越え100mm2 /s以下
・5%留出温度が250℃〜450℃
・平均沸点が290〜500℃
・密度が0.70〜0.95g/cm3
・アニリン点が40〜130℃
なお、念のため付言すれば、2種以上の油を混合して本発明の熱処理油を取得する場合、最終的に得られる混合油は上記した5%留出温度条件および動粘度条件(@40℃)を満足していなければならない。添加剤を配合した場合も同様であって、添加剤を配合して最終的に得られる油は、本発明で規定する5%留出温度条件および動粘度条件(@40℃)を満足していなければならない。
【0012】
本発明の熱処理油は、炭素鋼、ニッケル−マンガン鋼、クロム−モリブデン鋼、マンガン鋼などの各種合金鋼に焼入れ、焼きなまし、焼戻し等の熱処理を施す際の、好ましくは焼入れを行う際の熱処理油として用いることができるが、特に、オールケース炉、連続炉などにおける精密機械部品や複雑な形状の部品のガス浸炭焼入れ、無酸化焼入れなどの熱処理において好適に用いられる。
【0013】
【実施例】
以下、本発明の内容を実施例および比較例によってさらに具体的に説明するが、本発明はこれらに何ら限定されるものではない。
実施例1〜4および比較例1〜4
【0014】
【表1】
【0015】
表1に示す性状を備えたA:パラフィン系溶剤精製鉱油、B:パラフィン系水素化分解精製鉱油およびC:パラフィン系水素化分解精製鉱油を、表2に示す割合で配合し、得られた各配合油にエチレン−プロピレンランダム共重合体水素化物(数平均分子量2600、エチレン含有量55質量%)を添加して、全量基準で当該水素化物を3質量%含有する実施例および比較例の各熱処理油を調製した。こうした得られた各熱処理油について、以下に示す方法で焼入れ硬度を測定した。
焼入れ硬度測定方法
直径24mm、厚さ10mmの円柱状の鋼材(S45C)を水素(3%)/窒素(97%)雰囲気中で、850℃、45分間加熱後、80℃に加温した試料油中に投入して焼入れを行った。焼入れ後、鋼材表面の硬度を直径上3mm間隔7カ所でロックウェル式硬度計を用いて測定し、7カ所の硬度の平均値をとった。試験に供した各熱処理油の性状および試験結果を表2に示す。
【0016】
【表2】
【0017】
表2の結果から明らかなように、本発明にかかる熱処理油を用いた場合は硬度が高く焼入れ性の良いことが分かる。一方、5%留出温度が310℃を越える比較例の熱処理油を用いた場合は、硬度が低く焼入れ性が低いことが分かる。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to heat treated oils that are particularly useful for quenching metals.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In heat treatment of metals, especially quenching, it is important to select heat treatment oils suitable for the heat treatment conditions. If the selection is inappropriate, sufficient quenching hardness may not be obtained, and significant distortion may occur. May occur. In general, carbon steel is a steel material that is difficult to be hardened, so the range of viscosity that contains synthetic polymer hydrocarbons and asphalt petroleum polymer hydrocarbons as hardenability improvers for quenching carbon steel. A quenching oil of about 10 to 20 mm 2 / s (@ 40 ° C.) is used, but because of its good quenchability, it is a heat-treated oil with as low a viscosity as possible for quenching of hard-to-harden steel materials. Is usually chosen.
However, as a general tendency, the heat-treated oil having a low viscosity has a disadvantage that the flammability becomes high because a relatively large amount of low-boiling mineral oil is blended. Quenching is an operation in which a steel material heated to a high temperature is poured into the oil and rapidly cooled, so it can be said that the use of heat-treated oil with a high flash point is always dangerous.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention provides a heat-treated oil that can impart sufficient hardness to a steel material that is poor in quench hardenability and has low flammability.
[0004]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention includes (1) one or more light mineral oils or synthetic oils having a kinematic viscosity at 40 ° C. of 4 to 25 mm 2 / s and a 5% distillation temperature of 250 to 309 ° C., and (2) a kinematic viscosity at 40 ° C. of 25 mm. One or more heavy mineral oils with a 5% distillation temperature of 250 ° C. to 450 ° C. exceeding 2 / s and not more than 100 mm 2 / s, and (3) (A) polyolefin and / or a hydride thereof and (B) asphalt And a kinematic viscosity at 40 ° C. of 12 to 30 mm 2 / s and a 5% distillation temperature of 290 to 310 ° C.
[0005]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the contents of the present invention will be described in more detail.
The 5% distillation temperature of the heat-treated oil according to the present invention needs to be 310 ° C. or less from the viewpoint of hardenability, and needs to be 290 ° C. or more from the viewpoint of flammability. In the present invention, the 5% distillation temperature means a 5% distillation temperature measured by “Reference Gas Distillation Test Method for Petroleum Fraction” of JIS K 2254 “Petroleum Products-Distillation Test”.
The heat-treated oil according to the present invention is required to have a kinematic viscosity at 40 ° C. in the range of 12 to 30 mm 2 / s. The upper limit of the kinematic viscosity at 40 ° C., from the viewpoint of hardenability, 30 mm 2 / s, preferably 25 mm 2 / s, more preferably 20 mm 2 / s. Further, the lower limit is 12 mm 2 / s, preferably 13 mm 2 / s, more preferably 14 mm 2 / s because it has a high ability to prevent the occurrence of strain and fire cracking and the risk of ignition is small.
[0006]
The heat-treated oil of the present invention having a kinematic viscosity at 5% distillation temperature and 40 ° C. in the ranges of 290 to 310 ° C. and 12 to 30 mm 2 / s, respectively, has high hardenability and low risk of ignition. In addition to the above-mentioned 5% distillation temperature condition and kinematic viscosity condition, in addition to the above 5% distillation temperature condition and kinematic viscosity condition, The heat-treated oil that satisfies the condition that 2 is 380 ° C. or lower further improves its hardenability.
Here, the average boiling point is 10% distillation temperature, 30% distillation temperature, 50% distillation temperature, 70% distillation temperature, 90% distillation temperature measured by the above-mentioned “gas chromatography distillation test method”. Means the arithmetic mean of
Other properties of the heat-treated oil of the present invention are arbitrary, but the flash point measured by JIS K 2256 “Crude oil and petroleum product flash point test method” is preferably 170 ° C. or higher. The heat-treated oil of the present invention preferably has an aniline point measured by JIS K 2256 “Petroleum product aniline point and mixed aniline point test method” of 40 to 130 ° C. Furthermore, the heat-treated oil of the present invention has a density (15 ° C.) measured according to JIS K 2249 “Crude oil and petroleum product density test method and density / mass / volume conversion table” of 0.70 to 0.95 g / cm. 3 is preferred.
[0007]
The heat-treated oil of the present invention may contain one or both of (A) a polyolefin and / or a hydride thereof and (B) asphalt in order to further improve the hardenability.
Examples of the polyolefin of component (A) include a copolymer of ethylene and an α-olefin, polybutene, 1-octene oligomer, 1-decene oligomer and hydride thereof. Among the polyolefins of component (A), it is preferable to use a copolymer of ethylene and an α-olefin because the effect of improving the hardenability is higher and the heat and oxidation stability is excellent.
As the copolymer of ethylene and α-olefin, a so-called binary copolymer obtained by random copolymerization, block copolymerization or alternating copolymerization of ethylene and one type of α-olefin can be used, and the types are different. A so-called multi-component copolymer in which two or more kinds of α-olefins are randomly copolymerized, block copolymerized or alternately copolymerized with ethylene can also be used.
The α-olefin herein may be linear or branched, but generally has 3 to 50 carbon atoms, preferably 3 to 20 carbon atoms. Specifically, propylene, 1-butene, 1-pentene, 1-hexene, 4-methyl-1-pentene, 3-methyl-1-pentene, 1-heptene, 1-octene, 1-nonene, 1-decene 1-undecene, 1-dodecene, 1-tridecene, 1-tetradecene, 1-pentadecene, 1-hexadecene, 1-heptadecene, 1-octadecene, 1-nonadecene, 1-icocene and the like.
The copolymer of ethylene and α-olefin can be produced by any known method. For example, it can be produced by thermal reaction without catalyst, organic peroxide catalyst such as benzoyl peroxide; aluminum chloride, aluminum chloride-polyhydric alcohol system, aluminum chloride-titanium tetrachloride system, aluminum chloride-alkyltin halide system, Friedel-Crafts type catalysts such as boron fluoride; Ziegler type catalysts such as organic aluminum chloride-titanium tetrachloride type, organic aluminum-titanium tetrachloride type; Vanadium type catalysts such as organic aluminum-oxyvanadium trichloride type; Aluminoxane-zirconocene Metal and the above-mentioned α-olefin using a known catalyst system such as a metallocene catalyst such as an ionic compound-zirconocene system; a Lewis acid complex catalyst such as an aluminum chloride-base system or a boron fluoride-base system By copolymerizing It can be obtained.
When the heat-treated oil of the present invention contains a copolymer of ethylene and α-olefin, the ethylene content in the copolymer is not particularly limited, but the oxidation stability of the heat-treated oil finally obtained In view of hardenability and glitter, the content of the ethylene component unit in the copolymer is 40 to 80% by mass, preferably 45 to 70% by mass, more preferably 50 to 60% by mass based on the total amount of the copolymer. It is desirable to be in the range.
Each of the above-mentioned polyolefins usually contains a double bond, so that a so-called hydride obtained by hydrogenating the double bond is superior to a polyolefin in that it has better thermal and oxidation stability than an unhydrogenated product. Preferred as a component.
The hydride of polyolefin can be obtained by any method, for example, by hydrogenating polyolefin with hydrogen in the presence of a known hydrogenation catalyst and saturating double bonds present in the polyolefin. Further, by appropriately selecting a polymerization catalyst, the production of polyolefin and the hydrogenation of double bonds existing in the polyolefin can be performed in one step.
There are no particular limitations on the molecular weight of the polyolefin and / or hydride thereof blended in the heat-treated oil of the present invention. However, the number average molecular weight is usually 1200 to 4000, preferably 1500 to 3000 in view of excellent decomposition stability. This is because when the number average molecular weight is less than 1200, the hardenability of the heat-treated oil is poor, and when the number average molecular weight exceeds 4000, the heat / oxidation stability of the heat-treated oil is poor.
In addition, what is marketed under the name of ethylene-propylene copolymer for use as a lubricant base oil or a lubricant additive is usually one in which the double bond has already been hydrogenated. It can be preferably used as the component (A).
[0008]
Asphalt that is component (B) above, petroleum-based asphalt, natural asphalt, etc. can be used as is, and solvent extraction methods are applied to these asphalts to remove components with low solubility in mineral oil Can also be used. As the asphalt of the component (B), the penetration (25 ° C.) measured by 6.3 “Penetration Test Method” of JIS K 2207 “Petroleum Asphalt” is 0 to 300, and 6.4 “Softening Point”. It is preferable that the softening point measured by the “test method” is 30 to 150 ° C. and the density (15 ° C.) is 1.0 g / cm 3 or more.
Although the addition of asphalt does not impair the performance of the heat-treated oil, it is colored, so it is desirable not to use asphalt when a transparent heat-treated oil is desired.
[0009]
In the heat-treated oil of the present invention, the content of these components when the component (A) and / or the component (B) is contained can be arbitrarily selected, but the lower limit is based on the total amount of the heat-treated oil (A). The total amount of the component and the component (B) is 0.01% by mass, preferably 0.05% by mass, more preferably 0.1% by mass. When the content is less than the above lower limit, a satisfactory hardenability improvement effect cannot be expected. On the other hand, the upper limit of the content is 20% by mass, preferably 10% by mass, and more preferably 5.0% by mass as the total amount of the component (A) and the component (B) based on the total amount of the heat-treated oil. When content exceeds the said upper limit, the hardenability improvement effect only commensurate with content is not acquired.
[0010]
In the heat-treated oil of the present invention, a known additive can be contained as necessary for the purpose of further improving its performance. Examples of these known additives include fatty acid improving agents such as fatty acids such as oleic acid and cottonseed oil fatty acid, fatty acid esters and terpene resins; phenol compounds such as 2,6-di-t-butyl-p-cresol, and diphenylamine. , Antioxidants such as amine compounds such as phenyl-α-naphthylamine; surface activity such as alkaline earth metal sulfonates, alkaline earth metal phenates, alkaline earth metal salicylates, sorbitan esters, polyoxyalkylene compounds, alkenyl succinimides An agent etc. can be illustrated.
The content of these known additives can be arbitrarily selected, but is usually selected so that the total content of the known additives is 0.01 to 20% by mass based on the total amount of the heat-treated oil.
[0011]
In preparing the heat-treated oil of the present invention, one or more of mineral oil and synthetic oil can be used as the raw material oil. Examples of mineral oils that can be used include solvent degreasing, solvent extraction, hydrocracking, solvent dewaxing, catalytic dewaxing, hydrorefining, into a lubricating oil fraction obtained by atmospheric and vacuum distillation of crude oil, Mention may be made of paraffinic mineral oils, naphthenic mineral oils and the like obtained by appropriately combining and applying purification treatments such as sulfuric acid washing and clay treatment. Synthetic oils include, for example, polyolefins (ethylene-propylene copolymer, polybutene, 1-octene oligomer, 1-decene oligomer, etc.) and hydrides thereof, alkylbenzene, alkylnaphthalene, ester, polyoxyalkylene glycol, poly Examples thereof include phenyl ether, dialkyldiphenyl ether, phosphoric acid ester (such as tricresyl phosphate), fluorine-containing compounds (such as perfluoropolyether and fluorinated polyolefin), and silicone oil.
Of course, the heat-treated oil satisfying the 5% distillation temperature condition and the kinematic viscosity condition (@ 40 ° C.) defined in the present invention can be prepared by subjecting either the mineral oil or the synthetic oil to a distillation operation. it can. However, since the properties such as viscosity required for the heat treatment differ depending on the type of steel material to be heat-treated, etc., the desired heat-treated oil cannot often be obtained only by distillation operation. In such a case, a heat-treated oil satisfying the 5% distillation temperature condition and the kinematic viscosity condition (@ 40 ° C.) defined in the present invention can be obtained by mixing two or more kinds of oils.
For example, by blending the following two types of oils at the following ratios, a heat-treated oil that satisfies the conditions defined in the present invention can be obtained.
(1) Lightly highly refined mineral oil and / or synthetic oil that simultaneously satisfies the following conditions: 100 parts by weight. Kinematic viscosity at 40 ° C. is 4 to 25 mm 2 / s.
・ 5% distillation temperature is 250 ℃ ~ 309 ℃
・ Average boiling point is 290-400 ° C
・ Density is 0.70 to 0.95 g / cm 3
-Aniline point of 40-130 ° C
(2) heavy high kinematic viscosity at refined mineral oil 10000 parts - 40 ° C. exceeds the 25mm 2 / s 100mm 2 / s or less, 5% distillation temperature satisfying conditions simultaneously the following 250 ° C. to 450 ° C.
・ Average boiling point is 290-500 ° C
・ Density is 0.70 to 0.95 g / cm 3
-Aniline point of 40-130 ° C
As a reminder, when two or more kinds of oils are mixed to obtain the heat-treated oil of the present invention, the finally obtained mixed oil has the above-mentioned 5% distillation temperature condition and kinematic viscosity condition (@ 40 ° C) must be satisfied. The same is true when the additive is blended, and the oil finally obtained by blending the additive satisfies the 5% distillation temperature condition and the kinematic viscosity condition (@ 40 ° C.) defined in the present invention. There must be.
[0012]
The heat-treated oil of the present invention is a heat-treated oil when performing heat treatment such as quenching, annealing, and tempering on various alloy steels such as carbon steel, nickel-manganese steel, chromium-molybdenum steel, and manganese steel. In particular, it is preferably used in heat treatment such as gas carburizing quenching and non-oxidation quenching of precision machine parts and parts having complicated shapes in all-case furnaces and continuous furnaces.
[0013]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the content of the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to Examples and Comparative Examples, but the present invention is not limited to these.
Examples 1-4 and Comparative Examples 1-4
[0014]
[Table 1]
[0015]
A: Paraffinic solvent refined mineral oil having properties shown in Table 1, B: Paraffin hydrocracked refined mineral oil, and C: Paraffin hydrocracked refined mineral oil were blended in the proportions shown in Table 2, and obtained. Each heat treatment of Examples and Comparative Examples in which ethylene-propylene random copolymer hydride (number average molecular weight 2600, ethylene content 55% by mass) is added to the blended oil and 3% by mass of the hydride is contained on the basis of the total amount. An oil was prepared. About each obtained heat processing oil, quenching hardness was measured by the method shown below.
Quenching hardness measurement method Columnar steel (S45C) having a diameter of 24 mm and a thickness of 10 mm is heated in an atmosphere of hydrogen (3%) / nitrogen (97%) at 850 ° C. for 45 minutes and then heated to 80 ° C. It was put into warm sample oil and quenched. After quenching, the hardness of the steel surface was measured using a Rockwell hardness tester at 7 locations 3 mm apart on the diameter, and the average value of the hardness at 7 locations was taken. Table 2 shows the properties and test results of each heat-treated oil subjected to the test.
[0016]
[Table 2]
[0017]
As is apparent from the results in Table 2, when the heat-treated oil according to the present invention is used, the hardness is high and the hardenability is good. On the other hand, when the heat-treated oil of Comparative Example having a 5% distillation temperature exceeding 310 ° C. is used, it can be seen that the hardness is low and the hardenability is low.
Claims (1)
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JP33631196A JP4101321B2 (en) | 1996-12-02 | 1996-12-02 | Heat treated oil |
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JP33631196A JP4101321B2 (en) | 1996-12-02 | 1996-12-02 | Heat treated oil |
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JP4659264B2 (en) | 2001-05-02 | 2011-03-30 | 出光興産株式会社 | Heat treated oil composition |
JP4691405B2 (en) | 2005-06-28 | 2011-06-01 | 出光興産株式会社 | Heat treated oil composition |
JP5390743B2 (en) * | 2006-07-06 | 2014-01-15 | Jx日鉱日石エネルギー株式会社 | Heat treated oil composition |
JP5068973B2 (en) * | 2006-09-15 | 2012-11-07 | 出光興産株式会社 | Heat treated oil |
WO2013065718A1 (en) * | 2011-11-01 | 2013-05-10 | 新日鐵住金株式会社 | Method for producing steel part |
CN107109503B (en) * | 2015-01-21 | 2019-11-15 | 出光兴产株式会社 | Vapor film breaking agent and heat-treating oil composition |
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