JP4083683B2 - 外部心臓固定のための方法および装置 - Google Patents
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Description
本発明は、心底の外部固定による、心底における弁の拡張を処置するためのデバイスおよび方法に関する。このデバイスおよび方法は、心臓の房室弁の範囲を定める。
本発明は、心底の外側支持体に関する。この支持体は、所定サイズを超えた底部(特に、房室接合部)の寸法を減少させるように、および/またはこの寸法の増加を防止するように機能する。このデバイスは、内部弁形成バンドまたは内部弁形成リングと類似の様式で心底サイズを減少させるように設計されている。
本発明の心底心室固定化は、人工器官材料(例えば、房室溝レベルにおいて心底に固着または縫合されたポリエステルメッシュ)を使用することによって働く。これは、外側から僧帽弁輪および三尖弁輪を固定化するのを補助する(図5)。この技術は、手順の複雑さを低減し、侵襲的性質および弁に対する作業による合併症を最小にする。この技術は、環状拡張を伴う形態学的に正常な弁を有する患者にとって、特に利益がある。このデバイスは、心肺バイパスの補助なしで、心臓を拍動させたままで、心底に適用および固着され得る。
本発明のデバイスは、任意の適切な移植可能材料から構成され得る。このような材料の例は、当該分野で周知であり、そしてこれには、例えば、合成ポリマー(例えば、ポリエステル、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン、ポリプロピレン、テフロン(登録商標)フェルトなど)、ならびに金属材料(例えば、ステンレス鋼)が挙げられる。このような金属は、「記憶」を提供し得、その結果、この金属は、変形後に特定の形状に戻り、そしてこのようにして、動的収縮の要素を提供する。さらに別の実施形態において、このデバイスは、天然材料(例えば、ポリグリコール酸または圧縮および/もしくは架橋コラーゲン)により部分的かまたは完全にかのいずれかで構成され得、この材料は、合成ポリマーまたは他の手段で強化されていてもいなくてもよい。生体適合性で移植可能であり、好ましくは、心臓壁よりも低いコンプライアンスを有する任意の材料が、適切である。他のバリエーションとしては、弾性材料またはエラスチン内殖の生体材料への組み込みが挙げられる。
このデバイスは、任意の公知の方法によって、心底の外側に取り付けられ得る。例えば、取り付けは、生物学的、化学的または機械的であり得る。生物学的取り付けは、このデバイスと周辺組織または細胞との相互作用によってもたらされ得、そして組織成長の適切なエンハンサーを提供することによって、促進され得る。あるいは、化学的取り付けは、このデバイスまたはその一部の、心臓の外表面への化学的取り付けのためのメカニズムを供給することによって提供され得る。さらに別の実施形態において、心臓の周りにおけるこのデバイスの剛性および密接性は、他の取り付け手段の必要なく、このデバイスに対する心臓の力に起因して、十分な機械的取り付けを提供し得る。しかし、好ましい実施形態において、図6に示されるように、このデバイスは、取り付け部材(例えば、本明細書中に示されるアイレット)をさらに含む。任意の生体適合性の移植可能な材料から作製される特定のアンカーポイントまたはループは、縁部もしくは中央部分またはその両方に取り付けられ、固定を容易にする。適切な材料としては、とりわけ、ポリエステル、ポリプロピレンまたは複合ポリマーが挙げられる。代替の取り付け部材は、縫合材料、縫合または吻合のための部位として働く突出部、ならびに心臓の表面への取り付けを容易にする他の構造的部材を含み得る。
このデバイスのサイズは、これが移植される目的に依存するが、このデバイスは、心房−心室の溝(grove)の有効な支持を提供するのに、(第1縁部すなわち上部縁部(すなわち、心底縁部(base edge))の外側から、第2縁部すなわち下部縁部(すなわち、心尖縁部(apex edge))の外側まで測定する場合)十分に幅広であることが企図される。従って、1つの実施形態において、このデバイスは、2cmと5cmとの間の幅である。他の実施形態において、このデバイスは、心臓のより広い領域にわたって支持を提供するように適合され得る。このデバイスは、特に、心筋の運動障害に侵された領域におけるような瘢痕または筋肉脆弱の領域の補強を提供する。
ECBASシステムまたはBASEシステムは、従来の正中線全胸骨切開(midline total sternotomy)、準最大胸骨切開、または部分的上部胸骨切開もしくは部分的下部胸骨切開により、移植され得る。あるいは、このデバイスは、開胸切開術、または小さな切開術を使用するビデオ補助下胸腔鏡(Video Assisted Thoracoscopic:VAT)アプローチを介して、移植され得る。このBASEシステムはまた、肋下手動補助心臓外科(Sub−Costal Hand−Assisted Cardiac Surgey:SHACS)におけるような肋下切開術によって移植され得る。さらに、このBASEシステムは、心外膜上への縫合によってか、または心臓上にこのデバイスをしっかりと固定し得るクリップ、ステープル、もしくは接着物質を用いて、移植され得る。このデバイスはまた、心底の背側面(posterior aspect)に沿ってこのデバイスのロボット配置を使用して移植され得る。
a.完全BACE 対 部分的BACE
このECBASは、心底を完全に取り囲み得るか、または心底の僧帽弁部分および三尖弁部分をほんの部分的に支持し得る。
1つの実施形態において、ECBASの限定されたエクステンションまたはリモートパッチは、動脈瘤または瘢痕を排除するために再構築された心筋層の領域を補強するために適用され得る。
別の実施形態において、ECBASは、心不全のための多重部位心室性のペーシング(pacing)を促進し得る、心外膜ステロイド溶出ペーシングワイヤーを、このECBASの近位またはこの中に取り付けた。
この実施形態において、デバイスは、流体で満たしたチャンバを有し、このチャンバは経時的に徐々に膨張し、心底サイズを徐々に低減し得る。これらのチャンバはまた、エネルギーの受動的輸送をもたらし、閉じた心膜と共に、拡張期または収縮期の支持を容易にし得る。
この実施形態において、生体材料は、材料の記憶またはいくつかの他のプログラム可能な特性に基づき、ある期間にわたって予め形成されたサイズまで収縮する能力を有する。これは、心底の、ある期間にわたる、制御された縮小を達成する。
この実施形態において、生体材料は、利用可能なマトリクス技術そして適切な細胞の播種を使用して、心底に対して、動的な縮小および補助を提供する。
(概略)12ヶ月間に亘って、10人の患者が、中程度の僧帽弁逆流を矯正するために、心臓外部の心底輪状形成術(Basal Annuloplasty of the Cardia Externally)(BACE)を受けた。この技術は、心房−心室溝のレベルで、心底の心外膜表面に、特別に構成されたポリエステルのメッシュ様デバイスを固定する工程を包含する。これらの手順を、全ての患者において、冠状動脈手術と組み合わせて実施した。全ての患者が、機能的状態、生活の質、僧帽弁逆流および心機能において、劇的な改善を実証した。BACEは、従来の心臓手術に対する補助として、良好な臨床結果の予測を伴って、安全に実施され得る。
注意深い手術前のスクリーニングは、左心室駆出率、詳細な経胸郭心エコー図、冠状動脈造影図、およびほとんどの場合には、心筋の能力を探索するストレスタリウムおよび/または陽電子放射断層撮影走査を記録するために、放射性核種心室造影を含んだ。患者の機能的状態を、心不全の心臓病専門医および看護士が注意深く記録した。
心房−心室溝のレベルでの心底の外周を、患者が心肺バイパス(CPB)に接続される前に測定した。これらの測定値に基づいて、幅2.5〜3cmのポリエステルメッシュのストリップを、その長さが約2.5〜4.5cmだけ、心底の外周よりも短くなるような大きさおよび様式で、切断した。患者が一旦心肺バイパスに接続されると、冠状動脈バイパス移植が実施された。左心室の再構築を、示された時点で実施した。
これら全ての患者は、この手順の完了時に、僅か〜弱い僧帽弁逆流を有した。手術後3ヶ月、6ヶ月および12ヶ月の追跡時に、これら全ての患者は、改善された心臓機能(左心室駆出率によって測定される)、改善された機能状態および生活の質を実証し、そして僧帽弁逆流の程度において改善を維持することができた。放射性核種心室造影を使用して、手術前および手術後に左心室駆出率を決定した。
心底の拡張は、しばしば、心不全を伴う。これは、過重負荷の容量および左心室壁応力の増加に起因する、二次的な発症であり得る。僧帽弁または三尖弁の心臓疾患の場合、輪状拡張が、逆流病変の代償障害と共に生じる。重篤な輪状拡張は、重篤な逆流を伴う。しかし、有意な心底拡張は、中程度の心房心室弁逆流または中程度に重篤な心房心室弁逆流と共存し得る。これらの状態の修復は、罹患した輪の空洞内修復を必要とするので、外科医のほとんどは、中程度の僧帽弁および/または三尖弁の逆流ならびに中程度に重篤な僧帽弁および/または三尖弁の逆流をそのままにする傾向がある。本発明の方法および装置を使用して、これらの状態は、心臓の外側から矯正され得る。さらに、この矯正は、経食道心エコー検査のガイダンスの下で調節され得る。これは、空洞内の操作を回避する。選択された場合、この手順は、心臓が拍動したままで、そしてまた心肺機器を使用しないで実施され得、このことが、この手順を「ポンプなしの(off−pump)」手順にしている。
12人の患者を、実施例1に記載されるようにBACE手順で処置した。全ての患者は、手術前および手術後3ヶ月、6ヶ月、12ヶ月および18ヶ月に、心機能、僧帽弁逆流の量および心臓のサイズを見るために、心エコー検査法および放射性核種心室造影を含む研究を経た。12人全ての患者は、非常に症候性であり、大多数が、New York Heart Association(NYHA)クラスIII状態であった。平均左心室駆出率(LVEF)は、手術前に25%であり、そして全ての患者が、中程度の僧帽弁逆流を有した。
(BACE手順の結果)
Claims (20)
- 心底の外部安定器としての使用に適切なデバイスであって、該デバイスは、上部縁部、下部縁部および中央部分を備えるストリップの構成の、生体適合性移植可能材料を備え;
ここで、
該上部縁部の外側と該下部縁部の外側との間の距離が、2cmと5cmとの間であるか;または
該デバイスの幅が、1/2X以下であり、Xが、該心底と心尖の底との間の距離であるか;のいずれかであり、
該デバイスが、該心底への外部適用のために適合され、そして
該デバイスが、使用において:
該心底を完全に取り囲み;
該心臓の房室弁の上に延在し;そして
心臓周期の全ての相において、所定サイズを超える該心底の寸法を減少させ、そして/またはその寸法の増加を防止する、
デバイス。 - 請求項1に記載のデバイスであって、前記上部縁部の外側と前記下部縁部の外側との間の距離が、2cmと5cmとの間である、デバイス。
- 請求項1に記載のデバイスであって、前記デバイスの幅が、1/2X以下であり、Xが、該心底と心尖の底との間の距離である、デバイス。
- 請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載のデバイスであって、使用において、前記心底の周りで心外膜に配置される、デバイス。
- 請求項4に記載のデバイスであって、使用において、房室溝に配置される、デバイス。
- 請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載のデバイスであって、前記中央部分が、開口メッシュをさらに備える、デバイス。
- 請求項6に記載のデバイスであって、前記開口メッシュが、その最長の軸に沿って測定した場合に、2mm〜2cmの間の開口サイズをさらに備える、デバイス。
- 請求項1〜7のいずれか一項に記載のデバイスであって、前記上部縁部および下部縁部が、金属をさらに含む、デバイス。
- 請求項1〜8のいずれか一項に記載のデバイスであって、前記中央部分が、ポリエステルメッシュをさらに備える、デバイス。
- 請求項1〜9のいずれか一項に記載のデバイスであって、取り付け手段をさらに備える、デバイス。
- 請求項1〜9のいずれか一項に記載のデバイスであって、取り付け部材をさらに備える、デバイス。
- 請求項11に記載のデバイスであって、前記取り付け部材が、アイレットをさらに備える、デバイス。
- ヒトまたは動物の身体の処置方法において使用するための、請求項1〜12のいずれか一項に記載のデバイス。
- 心底の弁の拡張の処置において使用するための、請求項1〜12のいずれか一項に記載のデバイス。
- 僧帽弁および/または三尖弁の不全の処置において使用するための、請求項1〜12のいずれか一項に記載のデバイス。
- 僧帽弁および三尖弁の逆流の処置において使用するための、請求項1〜12のいずれか一項に記載のデバイス。
- 僧帽弁の逆流の処置において使用するための、請求項1〜12のいずれか一項に記載のデバイス。
- 心底の進行性拡張の処置において使用するための、請求項1〜12のいずれか一項に記載のデバイス。
- さらなる心底の拡張または膨張を防止するための予防的使用のための、請求項1〜12のいずれか一項に記載のデバイス。
- 拡張した心底のサイズを減少させるための処置において使用するための、請求項1〜12のいずれか一項に記載のデバイス。
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US31817201P | 2001-09-07 | 2001-09-07 | |
PCT/US2002/028372 WO2003022131A2 (en) | 2001-09-07 | 2002-09-06 | Method and apparatus for external heart stabilization |
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AT (1) | ATE401042T1 (ja) |
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CY (1) | CY1109528T1 (ja) |
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