JP4082617B2 - Wood pellet combustion equipment - Google Patents

Wood pellet combustion equipment Download PDF

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JP4082617B2
JP4082617B2 JP2005050739A JP2005050739A JP4082617B2 JP 4082617 B2 JP4082617 B2 JP 4082617B2 JP 2005050739 A JP2005050739 A JP 2005050739A JP 2005050739 A JP2005050739 A JP 2005050739A JP 4082617 B2 JP4082617 B2 JP 4082617B2
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combustion
ash
dish
wood
wood pellet
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JP2006234302A (en
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常雄 金子
和弘 根岸
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KANEKONOKI CO., LTD.
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24B—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES FOR SOLID FUELS; IMPLEMENTS FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH STOVES OR RANGES
    • F24B1/00—Stoves or ranges
    • F24B1/02—Closed stoves
    • F24B1/024—Closed stoves for pulverulent fuels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24B—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES FOR SOLID FUELS; IMPLEMENTS FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH STOVES OR RANGES
    • F24B13/00—Details solely applicable to stoves or ranges burning solid fuels 
    • F24B13/006—Arrangements for cleaning, e.g. soot removal; Ash removal

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Solid-Fuel Combustion (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)

Description

本発明は、流木又は間伐材を粉砕圧縮加工して作った木質ペレットを燃料としてもちいる木質ペレット燃焼装置において、燃焼により生じる灰の除去に係わる木質ペレット燃焼装置に関する。   The present invention relates to a wood pellet combustion apparatus for removing ash generated by combustion in a wood pellet combustion apparatus using wood pellets made by pulverizing and compressing driftwood or thinned wood as fuel.

従来から使用されている固体燃料の石炭や、石油を燃焼して暖房に使用する燃焼装置、暖房機等は、二酸化炭素等の温室効果ガスによる地球温暖化の問題で、温室効果ガスの発生をより少なくする資源への転換が急務となっている。   Conventionally used solid fuel coal, combustion equipment that uses oil for combustion and heating, heaters, etc. are responsible for global warming caused by greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide. There is an urgent need to switch to less resources.

特に近年、環境問題に有効であるとされているバイオマスの燃料として木質ペレットが注目され、間伐材・大鋸屑・流木等の今まで焼却廃棄されていた木質材を木質ペレットとして粒状化し、燃焼装置・暖房機に利用され始め、実開昭５８−１９０３０１号（特許文献１）のような固形燃料ストーブが公知となっている。 In recent years, wood pellets have attracted attention as a biomass fuel that is said to be effective for environmental problems, and wood materials that have been incinerated until now, such as thinned wood, large sawdust, driftwood, etc., are granulated into wood pellets. Solid fuel stoves such as Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 58-190301 (Patent Document 1) have been known to be used in heaters.

木質ペレットを燃焼燃料として使用する上で、問題となるのが灰の除去である。なお、ペレット化する木質によってもその灰の量は異なり、木の表皮を除いた木部だけで作られるペレット（ホワイトペレット）の場合、灰分は約１％であり、流木から生成されたペレットの灰分は約１〜２％、木の表皮（樹皮）だけで生成されるペレット（バークペレット）の灰分に至っては約４〜５％とペレットに生成する木質によっても排出される灰量は異なるものである。   When wood pellets are used as combustion fuel, the problem is ash removal. The amount of ash varies depending on the wood to be pelletized. In the case of pellets made only from the xylem excluding the wood skin (white pellets), the ash content is about 1%, and the pellets produced from driftwood Ash content is about 1 to 2%, pellets (bark pellets) produced only from the skin (bark) of the tree. About 4 to 5% of the ash content is different depending on the wood produced in the pellets. It is.

従来では木質ペレット燃焼装置、特にペレットストーブの燃料としてホワイトペレットを主に使用されていたが、製材所等から廃棄される樹皮の部分の有効利用が注目され、また価格の面からもバークペレットの使用が近年注目されている。   In the past, white pellets were mainly used as fuel for wood pellet combustion devices, especially pellet stoves. However, effective use of the bark portion discarded from sawmills has attracted attention, and from the standpoint of price, the use of bark pellets The use has attracted attention in recent years.

バークペレットの使用は、燃焼部に多くの灰が発生して良好な燃焼を維持出来ない不具合が発生し、その除去が課題となっており、実開昭６０−１２８１３６号公報（特許文献２）のように、燃焼炉底部のロストルを揺動・振動させて灰を落下させる装置を設けたもの、特開２００４−１９１０１０号公報（特許文献３）のように燃焼室の灰処理板のスリット部から凹凸部を有する回転材を回転させて灰を灰処理板上から掻き落す装置を備えたもの、特開２００４−１３８２５６号公報（特許文献４）では筒状の回転体を燃焼部として燃焼部自体を回転させて灰を落下除去しようとするものも既に公知である。また、燃焼時に燃焼部から舞い上がった灰を収集する排気室を燃焼部の上方に設けた構成も公知である（特開２００４−１９１０１４号公報（特許文献５））。   The use of bark pellets causes a problem that a large amount of ash is generated in the combustion part and cannot maintain good combustion, and its removal has been a problem, and Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 60-128136 (Patent Document 2). As described above, a device that swings and vibrates the rooster at the bottom of the combustion furnace to drop ash, as in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2004-191010 (Patent Document 3), the slit portion of the ash treatment plate of the combustion chamber In which a rotating member having a concavo-convex portion is rotated to scrape off ash from the ash treatment plate, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2004-138256 (Patent Document 4) uses a cylindrical rotating body as a combustion portion as a combustion portion A device that attempts to drop and remove ash by rotating itself is already known. In addition, a configuration in which an exhaust chamber for collecting ash that has risen from the combustion section during combustion is provided above the combustion section is also known (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2004-191014 (Patent Document 5)).

実開昭５８−１９０３０１号公報Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 58-190301 実開昭６０−１２８１３６号公報Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 60-128136 特開２００４−１９１０１０号公報JP 2004-191010 A 特開２００４−１３８２５６号公報JP 2004-138256 A 特開２００４−１９１０１４号公報Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2004-191014

前掲の特許文献１、特許文献２及び特許文献３に紹介する灰の除去装置によれば、燃焼部で発生した灰を確実に燃焼部の灰回収箱に収納することが出来るが、燃焼中の小径のペレットや高温の炭化物まで灰回収箱内に投入し、灰回収箱自体を高温にしてしまうので安全性に劣るものであり、また灰の除去専用の装置を新たに設置しているので、構造が複雑になってコスト的にも上昇し、低価格の木質ペレットストーブを提供することが難しくなっていた。   According to the ash removal device introduced in the above-mentioned Patent Document 1, Patent Document 2 and Patent Document 3, the ash generated in the combustion section can be reliably stored in the ash recovery box of the combustion section. Even small-sized pellets and high-temperature carbides are put into the ash collection box, and the ash collection box itself becomes high temperature, so it is inferior in safety. The structure has become complicated and the cost has increased, making it difficult to provide low-priced wood pellet stoves.

特許文献５に紹介する装置によれば、燃焼ガスと共に大気中に放出される灰を燃焼室上方に設けた排気室にパッフル板を設けて排気の流れをＵターンさせ灰を排気室の底部に堆積させて、機外に灰の飛散を防止しようとするものである。しかしながら排気室の底部に堆積した灰の上方を排風が常に通過する構成であって、排風が強風である場合若しくは、堆積した灰の層が厚い場合など、排風によって灰は外部に排出される可能性がある。   According to the apparatus introduced in Patent Document 5, the ash released into the atmosphere together with the combustion gas is provided in the exhaust chamber provided above the combustion chamber so that the exhaust flow is U-turned to make the ash flow at the bottom of the exhaust chamber. It is intended to prevent ash from splashing outside the machine. However, the exhaust air always passes above the ash accumulated at the bottom of the exhaust chamber, and the ash is discharged to the outside by the exhaust air when the exhaust air is strong or the accumulated ash layer is thick. There is a possibility that.

そこで本発明では、灰除去専用の装置を燃焼部に用いることなく、しかも燃焼室から舞い上がる灰を確実に収集する低価格の木質ペレット燃焼装置を提供することを目的とする。   Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a low-priced wood pellet combustion apparatus that reliably collects ash rising from a combustion chamber without using an apparatus dedicated to ash removal for the combustion section.

上記目的を達成するため、本発明は請求項１ないし請求項２に係る木質ペレット燃焼装置を提案する。 In order to achieve the above object, the present invention proposes a wood pellet combustion apparatus according to claims 1 and 2 .

即ち、請求項１記載の木質ペレット燃焼装置は、装置本体内に燃焼室と燃料タンクと、燃料タンクから木質ペレット燃料を燃焼室に搬送する燃料供給手段を設け、燃焼室の上方に熱交換部と燃焼風排気口を備え、前記燃焼風排気口には燃焼風が流入する排風部を接続した木質ペレット燃焼装置において、燃焼室内の木質ペレットが燃焼する燃焼皿の燃焼皿通気口を上昇する通風を、一時的に増風させると同時、又は増風時間内の一定時間のどちらかに、燃料供給手段から燃焼室内の燃焼皿上に、ペレット燃料を落下供給させて燃焼皿上に堆積する燃焼灰を浮遊状態として排風部に流入させ、排風部には一時的に増風した通風量相当の集塵能力を有する遠心分離装置を設けたことを特徴とするものである。 That is, the wood pellet combustion apparatus according to claim 1 is provided with a combustion chamber, a fuel tank, and fuel supply means for transporting the wood pellet fuel from the fuel tank to the combustion chamber in the apparatus body, and a heat exchanging unit above the combustion chamber. In a wood pellet combustion apparatus in which a combustion wind exhaust port is connected to an exhaust section into which combustion wind flows, the combustion dish vent of the combustion dish in which the wood pellets in the combustion chamber burn is raised. The pellet fuel is dropped and supplied from the fuel supply means onto the combustion dish in the combustion chamber and deposited on the combustion dish either at the same time as the ventilation is temporarily increased or at a fixed time within the increase time. Combustion ash is made to flow into the exhaust section in a floating state , and the exhaust section is provided with a centrifugal separator having a dust collection capacity corresponding to the amount of ventilation that has been temporarily increased .

請求項２記載の木質ペレット燃焼装置は、請求項１記載の木質ペレット燃焼装置において、燃焼皿通気口を上昇する通風の一時的な増風は、連続燃焼中の一定の間隔で定期的に行なわれることを特徴とするものである。   The wood pellet combustion apparatus according to claim 2 is the wood pellet combustion apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the temporary increase of the ventilation rising the combustion dish vent is periodically performed at regular intervals during continuous combustion. It is characterized by that.

本発明に係る木質ペレット燃焼装置によれば、燃焼部に堆積する灰を灰除去の専用の装置を燃焼部に設けることがないので、構造が簡略化されしかも製造コストが低減されよって、低価格の木質ペレット燃焼装置を提供することが出来る。   According to the wood pellet combustion apparatus according to the present invention, since a dedicated apparatus for removing ash deposited in the combustion part is not provided in the combustion part, the structure is simplified and the manufacturing cost is reduced, so that the low cost is achieved. A wood pellet combustion apparatus can be provided.

また、燃焼部で発生する灰は排風と共に遠心分離装置で回収され機外に灰が飛散するのを防止すると共に、燃焼部下方に設けられた灰回収箱に比重の重い物質以外堆積しないので、木質ペレット燃焼装置から灰回収箱を取り出し、中身を廃棄する場合、灰回収箱を本体から取り外し、廃棄場所まで移動する間、微粉末粒子の飛散が無く、作業環境と居住環境を良好に保つものである。   In addition, the ash generated in the combustion section is collected by the centrifugal separator together with the exhaust air and prevents the ash from splashing outside the machine, and the ash collection box provided below the combustion section does not deposit anything other than a substance with a high specific gravity. When removing the ash collection box from the wood pellet combustor and discarding the contents, the ash collection box is removed from the main body, and while moving to the disposal site, there is no scattering of fine powder particles, and the work environment and living environment are kept good Is.

なお、バークペレットなどの樹皮を多く含んだペレットを燃焼させた場合、燃焼後の灰が堆積し、その灰が高温なって溶けてガラス状のクリンカとなり、通気口を塞いで不完全燃焼を発生させていたが、本発明では燃焼後の灰は掃除運転の開始によって一定時間増風すると共に、燃焼皿上にペレット燃料を落下供給させて燃焼皿通気孔を増風された上昇通風でも吹き飛ばすことの出来ない燃焼皿に堆積する灰を舞い上がらせ、排風と共に燃焼室から排出されてしまうので、クリンカ状の物質に変形しにくいので通気口を塞ぐ可能性が低く、安定した燃焼を行なうことが出来る。 In addition, when burning bark pellets and other high bark pellets, the burned ash accumulates, and the ash melts at a high temperature to form a glassy clinker, blocking the vents and causing incomplete combustion. However, in the present invention, the ash after combustion is increased in wind for a certain time by the start of the cleaning operation, and the pellet fuel is dropped and supplied onto the combustion dish, and the combustion dish vent is blown even by the increased ventilation. Ashes accumulated on the burning dish that cannot be discharged are discharged from the combustion chamber along with the exhaust air, so it is difficult to deform into a clinker-like substance, so there is little possibility of blocking the vent and stable combustion I can do it.

図１には、本発明に係る木質ペレット燃焼装置の形態を示している。図２には、本発明に係る木質ペレット燃焼装置の実施する第１の形態の実施例１を、そして図３は第１の形態の実施例２を、図４は第１の形態の実施例３を、図５は第１の形態の実施例４を、図６は第２の実施の形態を、図７は木質ペレット燃焼装置の形態を示すフローチャート図である。 In FIG. 1, the form of the wood pellet combustion apparatus which concerns on this invention is shown. FIG 2, an embodiment of the first Example 1 embodiment, and FIG. 3 is a second embodiment of the first embodiment, FIG. 4 is a first mode for carrying out the wood pellet burning apparatus according to the present invention 3, FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing Example 4 of the first embodiment, FIG. 6 is a second embodiment, and FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing a wood pellet combustion apparatus .

図１において、１はペレットストーブである。ａは木質ペレットであって、ペレットストーブ１内には木質ペレットａが燃焼する燃焼室２とその上方には熱交換部５が設けられている。燃焼室２の上方には燃焼風排気口７が設けられ燃焼風を排風部６へ流通させている。燃焼室２には隣接して燃料タンク３を備え、燃料タンク３から燃焼室２へ木質ペレットａを供給する燃料供給手段４が燃料タンク３に密接して備えられている。図１に示す燃料タンク３はペレットストーブ１の上方までその空間を有していて、ペレットストーブ１の上面が扉となって燃料タンク３内に木質ペレットａが投入できる構成であると良い（図示せず）。   In FIG. 1, 1 is a pellet stove. a is a wood pellet, and the pellet stove 1 is provided with a combustion chamber 2 in which the wood pellet a burns and a heat exchanging section 5 above the combustion chamber 2. A combustion air exhaust port 7 is provided above the combustion chamber 2 to circulate the combustion air to the exhaust air unit 6. A fuel tank 3 is provided adjacent to the combustion chamber 2, and fuel supply means 4 for supplying the wood pellets a from the fuel tank 3 to the combustion chamber 2 is provided in close contact with the fuel tank 3. The fuel tank 3 shown in FIG. 1 has a space up to the upper side of the pellet stove 1, and the upper surface of the pellet stove 1 serves as a door so that the wood pellet a can be put into the fuel tank 3 (see FIG. 1). Not shown).

燃料タンク３の下端を構成する底面板１０が投入口９に向かって傾斜し、燃料供給手段４のスクリューコンベア８の投入口９に木質ペレットａが漏れなく投入できるようになっている。スクリューコンベア８の上端には燃焼室２内へ木質ペレットａを投入する投入シュート１１と投入シュート１１内に外気を通風させるための通気口１２が設けてあり、この通気口１２は投入シュート１１の途中に設けられていてもよい。なお、スクリューコンベア８の動力はモータ２４の回転によって得られる。   The bottom plate 10 constituting the lower end of the fuel tank 3 is inclined toward the charging port 9 so that the wood pellets a can be charged into the charging port 9 of the screw conveyor 8 of the fuel supply means 4 without leakage. At the upper end of the screw conveyor 8, there are provided an input chute 11 for introducing the wood pellet a into the combustion chamber 2 and an air vent 12 for allowing outside air to pass through the input chute 11. It may be provided on the way. The power of the screw conveyor 8 is obtained by the rotation of the motor 24.

燃焼室２の下方には、投入シュート１１より落下した木質ペレットａが燃焼する燃焼皿１３が設けられ、そしてこの燃焼皿１３には燃焼皿通気孔１４を有しているものである。この燃焼皿通気孔１４は木質ペレットａが落下しない間隙を保って燃焼皿１３の略全面に前後左右どちらかの方向に長方形の形状で開口しているものである。また燃焼皿１３の側面には点火装置１５があり、この点火装置１５は長細の筒内にヒータ１６が備えられ、長細筒内を通過する空気をヒータ１６によって高温（約２５０℃以上）にしてその高温の空気を木質ペレットａに当てることによって着火する構造になっている。   Below the combustion chamber 2 is provided a combustion dish 13 in which the wood pellet a dropped from the charging chute 11 burns, and the combustion dish 13 has a combustion dish vent hole 14. The combustion dish vent hole 14 is opened in a rectangular shape in either the front, rear, left, or right direction on substantially the entire surface of the combustion dish 13 while maintaining a gap where the wood pellet a does not fall. Further, an ignition device 15 is provided on the side surface of the combustion dish 13, and this ignition device 15 is provided with a heater 16 in a long and narrow tube, and the air passing through the long and narrow tube is heated to a high temperature (about 250 ° C. or more). Thus, the high temperature air is applied to the wood pellet a to ignite.

燃焼室２の壁面と燃料タンク３及び燃料供給手段４とは冷却空間１７を隔てて構成されていて、その冷却空間は外気が流通するようになっていると良い。   The wall surface of the combustion chamber 2, the fuel tank 3 and the fuel supply means 4 are configured with a cooling space 17 therebetween, and it is preferable that outside air circulates in the cooling space.

燃焼室２の底部には燃焼皿１３で燃焼後に発生し燃焼風と共に排出されない比重の重い灰が、燃焼皿通気孔１４から落下し灰回収箱３１に溜まるようになっている。   At the bottom of the combustion chamber 2, heavy ash having a specific gravity that is generated after combustion in the combustion dish 13 and is not discharged together with the combustion wind falls from the combustion dish vent hole 14 and accumulates in the ash collection box 31.

また燃焼室２の中間から上部にかけて燃焼室２を前後に縦断する熱交換部５が設けられている。この熱交換部５は複数の放熱管１８からなり、外気を圧送ファン１９で放熱管１８内に供給し、熱交換をして温風吹き出し口２０から温風を機外に供給する。   Further, a heat exchanging section 5 is provided for longitudinally crossing the combustion chamber 2 from the middle to the top of the combustion chamber 2. The heat exchanging unit 5 includes a plurality of heat radiating pipes 18, and supplies outside air into the heat radiating pipe 18 by a pressure-feed fan 19, exchanges heat, and supplies hot air to the outside from the hot air outlet 20.

燃焼室２の上方の熱風排気口７に接続されている排風部６には吸引ファン２１が備えられ、燃焼風を吸引し、排気ダクト２２から機外に燃焼風を排気している。なお、排気ダクト２２又は吸引ファン２１の出入り口のどちらかに温度センサ２３を備えている。   The exhaust fan 6 connected to the hot air exhaust port 7 above the combustion chamber 2 is provided with a suction fan 21 for sucking the combustion air and exhausting the combustion air from the exhaust duct 22 to the outside of the machine. A temperature sensor 23 is provided at either the exhaust duct 22 or the entrance / exit of the suction fan 21.

吸引ファン２１の動作によって外気が直接又は冷却空間１７を経由して燃焼室２の燃焼皿通気孔１４及び、点火装置１５内を、そして外気の一部が投入シュート１１を経由して燃焼室２内に達する。燃料タンク３からスクリューコンベア８を経由して燃焼室２内に木質ペレットａが投入され点火装置１５によって着火し、燃焼皿通気孔１４からの送風で木質ペレットａが安定し燃焼を続ける。その後この燃焼風は熱交換部５で熱交換され燃焼風排気口７から吸引ファン２１を通過し、排気ダクト２２から機外に排気される。   By the operation of the suction fan 21, the outside air passes through the combustion dish vent 14 and the ignition device 15 of the combustion chamber 2 directly or via the cooling space 17, and a part of the outside air passes through the charging chute 11 and the combustion chamber 2. Reach inside. The wood pellet a is introduced into the combustion chamber 2 from the fuel tank 3 via the screw conveyor 8 and ignited by the ignition device 15, and the wood pellet a is stabilized by the air blown from the combustion dish vent hole 14 and continues to burn. Thereafter, the combustion air is heat-exchanged in the heat exchanging section 5, passes through the suction fan 21 from the combustion air exhaust port 7, and is exhausted from the exhaust duct 22 to outside the apparatus.

上記のモータ２４、ヒータ１６、圧送ファン１９、吸引ファン２１及び温度センサ２３は制御部３２につながれ、図７に示すようにそれぞれが制御されている。以下、図７のフローチャートにそって動作説明を行なう。   The motor 24, the heater 16, the pressure feeding fan 19, the suction fan 21, and the temperature sensor 23 are connected to the control unit 32, and each is controlled as shown in FIG. Hereinafter, the operation will be described with reference to the flowchart of FIG.

運転ＯＮと共にヒータ１６に通電を行ない、通電が規定の時間経過したら予熱完了と判断し、モータ２４を稼動して燃焼皿１３上に燃料供給を行なう。その後、設定時間経過後に吸引ファン２１を起動させ、燃焼皿１３上に木質ペレットａを設定時間供給後、燃料の供給を停止する。温度センサ２３で排気される温度が設定温度（４０℃）到達時に燃焼を検出したものとみなし、圧送ファン１９を稼動すると共に、設定の間隔で、設定時間の範囲でモータ２４に通電し、燃焼燃料の供給を定期的におこない、その後温度センサ２３の温度が設定温度より下降しなければ安定燃焼と判断してヒータ１６への通電を停止する。   When the operation is turned on, the heater 16 is energized. When the energization is performed for a specified time, it is determined that preheating is completed, and the motor 24 is operated to supply fuel onto the combustion dish 13. Thereafter, the suction fan 21 is activated after the set time has elapsed, and after supplying the wood pellets a onto the combustion dish 13 for the set time, the supply of fuel is stopped. Assuming that combustion is detected when the temperature exhausted by the temperature sensor 23 reaches the set temperature (40 ° C.), the pumping fan 19 is operated, and the motor 24 is energized within the set time range at the set interval to burn. The fuel is supplied periodically, and thereafter, if the temperature of the temperature sensor 23 does not fall below the set temperature, it is determined that the combustion is stable and the energization to the heater 16 is stopped.

安定燃焼中の暖房の温度調節として、燃料供給を３段階の調節ができるようになっており、その供給量の調節に伴って吸引ファンの風量も３段階に制御される。燃料供給「大」では燃焼皿通気孔１４を上昇する風速は約２〜３ｍ/ｓ、「中」での風速は「大」の風速の約８０％、「小」での風速は「大」の風速の約７０％となっている。   As temperature adjustment for heating during stable combustion, the fuel supply can be adjusted in three stages, and the air volume of the suction fan is controlled in three stages as the supply amount is adjusted. In the case of fuel supply “large”, the wind speed rising up the combustion dish vent 14 is about 2 to 3 m / s, the wind speed in “medium” is about 80% of the wind speed in “large”, and the wind speed in “small” is “large”. It is about 70% of the wind speed.

安定燃焼運転から設定時間が経過の後、掃除運転が開始される。この掃除運転では燃料が供給されていない時間に開始され、吸引ファン２１の回転数を上げ、燃焼皿通気孔１４を上昇通風する風の風速が約４〜５ｍ/ｓになるようになっている。また、燃焼皿通気孔１４を上昇通風する風でも吹き飛ばされない燃焼皿１３に堆積している灰を、掃除運転終了直前にペレット燃料を落下供給させることで拡散させて舞い上がらせ、上昇通風によって燃焼皿１３上から除去するものである。掃除運転を行なう前には燃焼皿１３内の燃焼中の木質ペレットａの量が少ないほど効果が表れるので、安定燃焼中に定期的に行なわれる燃料の供給のタイミングを掃除運転前には停止時間を若干長く保って燃焼皿１３上の木質ペレットａの燃焼が終了間近になるようにし、掃除運転終了直前に投入される燃料の供給の速さ若しくは増量して供給してもよく、急速供給又は増量供給によって灰を除去する効果が上昇するものである。   After the set time has elapsed from the stable combustion operation, the cleaning operation is started. This cleaning operation is started when no fuel is supplied, and the rotational speed of the suction fan 21 is increased so that the wind speed of the wind rising and passing through the combustion dish vent hole 14 is about 4 to 5 m / s. . Further, the ash deposited on the combustion dish 13 that is not blown away even by the wind that rises through the combustion dish vent hole 14 is caused to diffuse and rise by dropping and supplying pellet fuel immediately before the end of the cleaning operation. 13 is removed from above. Before the cleaning operation is performed, the smaller the amount of the wood pellets a burning in the combustion dish 13 is, the more effective the operation is. Therefore, the fuel supply timing periodically performed during the stable combustion is stopped before the cleaning operation. May be maintained at a slightly longer time so that the combustion of the wood pellets a on the combustion dish 13 is nearing the end, and may be supplied at a speed or an increase in the amount of fuel supplied immediately before the end of the cleaning operation. The effect of removing ash increases by increasing supply.

本装置の運転を終了する場合（停止ボタン）、燃料供給が停止し、温度センサ２３の検出温度が設定の温度（４０℃）以下になるまで、吸引ファン２１と圧送ファン１９の稼動を継続させる。温度センサ２３の検出が設定温度以下即ちＯＦＦになったら、圧送ファン１９を停止し吸引ファン２１の回転を掃除運転状態と同等まで上げ、燃焼皿通気孔１４を通過する風量を上昇させて、燃焼皿１３上に堆積する灰を燃焼皿１３上から除去するものである。   When the operation of the apparatus is terminated (stop button), the operation of the suction fan 21 and the pressure feeding fan 19 is continued until the fuel supply is stopped and the temperature detected by the temperature sensor 23 is equal to or lower than the set temperature (40 ° C.). . When the detection of the temperature sensor 23 is equal to or lower than the set temperature, that is, OFF, the pumping fan 19 is stopped, the suction fan 21 is rotated to the same level as the cleaning operation state, and the amount of air passing through the combustion dish vent hole 14 is increased to burn The ash deposited on the dish 13 is removed from the combustion dish 13.

図２には、木質ペレット燃焼装置の第１の実施の形態に係る実施例１を示す。ペレットストーブ１内に、燃料タンク３、燃料供給手段４、燃焼室２及び熱交換部５を図１及び図７の木質ペレット燃焼装置の形態と同様な構成で設けていて、排風部６に遠心分離装置２５を備えたものである。この遠心分離装置２５は灰ｂを含む燃焼風Ｃを流入させて、流入方向から１８０度旋回させるダクト内面に、円弧になった円弧面２６を備え、円弧面２６で反転したダクトは円弧面２６に沿って設けられた灰ダクト２７と、円弧面２６から離れた排風ダクト２８の２層に分離され、灰ダクト２７の先端には外部との通気性がない灰回収容器２９が設けられて、排風ダクト２８には吸引ファン２１が繋がれ、吸引ファン２１から排気ダクト２２を経て燃焼風は機外に排出されていく。なお、灰回収容器２９は本装置が稼動していない場合において取り外しが行なえ、容器内の灰ｂを容易に除去できるものである。 FIG. 2 shows Example 1 according to the first embodiment of the wood pellet combustion apparatus. In the pellet stove 1, a fuel tank 3, a fuel supply means 4, a combustion chamber 2, and a heat exchange unit 5 are provided in a configuration similar to that of the wood pellet combustion apparatus of FIGS. 1 and 7. A centrifuge 25 is provided. This centrifugal separator 25 is provided with a circular arc surface 26 formed in an arc on the inner surface of the duct that is caused to flow in the combustion wind C containing ash b and swivels 180 degrees from the inflow direction. Are separated into two layers, an ash duct 27 provided along the arc surface 26 and an exhaust duct 28 separated from the circular arc surface 26, and an ash collection container 29 having no air permeability is provided at the tip of the ash duct 27. The exhaust fan 28 is connected to the suction fan 21, and the combustion air is discharged from the suction fan 21 through the exhaust duct 22 to the outside of the machine. The ash collection container 29 can be removed when the apparatus is not operating, and the ash b in the container can be easily removed.

吸引ファン２１の作用によって、燃焼室２の燃焼風排気口７から排風部６の遠心分離装置２５のダクト内を流入してきた灰ｂを含んだ燃焼風Ｃは、円弧面２６を通過する際、灰ｂは円弧面２６に沿って旋回し、灰ダクト２７に導かれ灰回収容器２９内に堆積するものである。そして燃焼風Ｃは排風ダクト２８を通過して吸引ファン２１から排気ダクト２２を経由して機外に排出される。   By the action of the suction fan 21, the combustion wind C containing ash b flowing into the duct of the centrifugal separator 25 of the exhaust air section 6 from the combustion wind exhaust port 7 of the combustion chamber 2 passes through the circular arc surface 26. The ash b swirls along the circular arc surface 26, is led to the ash duct 27, and accumulates in the ash collection container 29. The combustion air C passes through the exhaust air duct 28 and is discharged from the suction fan 21 through the exhaust air duct 22 to the outside of the machine.

上記遠心分離装置２４の分離能力は、本装置の掃除運転（燃焼皿通気孔１４を通過する風速が約４〜５ｍ/ｓ）の風量で灰を燃焼風から分離できる能力を持つものであって、通常の安定燃焼の場合の燃焼風から灰を分離できることは通常考えられることである。   The separation capacity of the centrifugal separator 24 has the ability to separate ash from the combustion wind with the air volume of the cleaning operation of the apparatus (the wind speed passing through the combustion dish vent 14 is about 4 to 5 m / s). It is usually considered that ash can be separated from the combustion wind in the case of normal stable combustion.

図３には、図２の木質ペレット燃焼装置の第１の実施の形態の他例を示す実施例２である。図３では、燃焼風Ｃを吸引ファン２１に通してから遠心分離装置２５に送り、その後排気ダクト２２から排気される構成を示している。 FIG. 3 is Example 2 showing another example of the first embodiment of the wood pellet combustion apparatus of FIG. FIG. 3 shows a configuration in which the combustion air C is sent to the centrifugal separator 25 after passing through the suction fan 21 and then exhausted from the exhaust duct 22.

燃焼室２の燃焼排気口７からの灰ｂを含んだ燃焼風Ｃを吸引ファン２１に導き、その後遠心分離装置２５に供給し、円弧面２６で排風を反転させると共に、円弧面２６に沿って旋回する灰ｂは灰ダクト２７に移行し、外部と通風の無い灰回収容器２９内に堆積するようになっている。遠心分離装置２５の円弧面２６で灰ｂを分離された燃焼風Ｃは排風ダクト２８を流通して排気ダクト２２から機外に排出される。   The combustion air C containing ash b from the combustion exhaust port 7 of the combustion chamber 2 is guided to the suction fan 21, and then supplied to the centrifugal separator 25, and the exhaust air is reversed by the arc surface 26 and along the arc surface 26. The swirling ash b moves to the ash duct 27 and accumulates in the ash collection container 29 that has no external ventilation. The combustion air C from which the ash b is separated by the circular arc surface 26 of the centrifugal separator 25 flows through the exhaust air duct 28 and is discharged from the exhaust duct 22 to the outside of the machine.

この図３の遠心分離装置２５も、図２のものと同様に、その分離能力は本装置の掃除運転（燃焼皿通気孔１４を通過する風速が約４〜５ｍ/ｓ）の風量で灰を燃焼風から分離できる能力を持つものであって、安定燃焼の場合の燃焼風から灰を分離できることは無論可能である。   The centrifugal separator 25 of FIG. 3 also has the same separation ability as that of FIG. 2 in terms of the separation capacity (the wind speed passing through the combustion dish vent 14 is about 4 to 5 m / s), and the ash is removed. Of course, it is possible to separate the ash from the combustion wind in the case of stable combustion with the ability to separate from the combustion wind.

図４には、木質ペレット燃焼装置の第１の実施の形態の他例を示す実施例３を示すものである。図４では遠心分離装置２５にサイクロン３０を用いて灰ｂを回収（集塵）しようとするものであって、燃焼室２の燃焼風排風口７からサイクロン３０内に灰ｂと燃焼風Ｃを投入し、サイクロン３０内で灰ｂと燃焼風Ｃを分離し、灰ｂはサイクロン下端の灰回収容器２９に、そして燃焼風Ｃはサイクロン中心部のダクトと接合した吸引ファン２１を経て、ペレットストーブ１の外部の排気ダクト２２から機外に排出される構成にしたものである。 FIG. 4 shows Example 3 showing another example of the first embodiment of the wood pellet combustion apparatus. In FIG. 4, the cyclone 30 is used to collect (dust collection) the ash b in the centrifugal separator 25, and the ash b and the combustion wind C are introduced into the cyclone 30 from the combustion wind exhaust port 7 of the combustion chamber 2. The ash b and the combustion air C are separated in the cyclone 30, the ash b passes through the ash collecting container 29 at the lower end of the cyclone, and the combustion air C passes through the suction fan 21 joined to the duct at the center of the cyclone, and then the pellet stove. 1 is configured to be discharged out of the machine from an external exhaust duct 22.

なお、遠心分離装置２５以外は実施例１及び２の構成と同等であって、遠心分離装置２５のサイクロン３０の分離集塵能力も掃除運転時の風量であっても対応できる分離能力を有する。   Except for the centrifugal separator 25, the configuration is the same as that of the first and second embodiments, and the separation dust collection capability of the cyclone 30 of the centrifugal separator 25 has a separation capability that can cope with the air volume during the cleaning operation.

図５には、木質ペレット燃焼装置の第１の実施の形態の実施例４を示すものである。図４と同様に、図５でも遠心分離装置２５にサイクロン３０を用いて灰ｂを回収（集塵）しようとするものであって、燃焼室２の燃焼風排風口７から灰ｂと燃焼風Ｃを吸引ファン２１に投入し、吸引ファン２１からサイクロン３０内に供給して灰ｂと燃焼風Ｃを分離し、灰ｂはサイクロン下端の灰回収容器２９に、そして燃焼風Ｃはサイクロン中心部の排気ダクト２２からペレットストーブ１の機外に排出される構成にしたものである。 FIG. 5 shows Example 4 of the first embodiment of the wood pellet combustion apparatus. As in FIG. 4, in FIG. 5, the ash b is collected (collected) using the cyclone 30 in the centrifugal separator 25, and the ash b and the combustion wind are discharged from the combustion wind exhaust port 7 of the combustion chamber 2. C is introduced into the suction fan 21 and supplied from the suction fan 21 into the cyclone 30 to separate the ash b and the combustion wind C. The ash b is in the ash collecting container 29 at the lower end of the cyclone, and the combustion wind C is in the center of the cyclone. The exhaust gas is discharged from the exhaust duct 22 to the outside of the pellet stove 1.

なお、遠心分離装置２５の分離集塵能力も前述と同様である。   In addition, the separation dust collection capability of the centrifugal separator 25 is the same as described above.

図６には本発明に係る木質ペレット燃焼装置の第２の実施の形態を示したものである。図６では、図５の本発明の第１の実施の形態の実施例４の状態において、遠心分離装置２５のサイクロン２７をペレットストーブ１の本体外に設けた構成であって、しかもサイクロン３０を屋外に設置した状態を示すものである。 FIG. 6 shows a second embodiment of the wood pellet combustion apparatus according to the present invention. 6 shows a configuration in which the cyclone 27 of the centrifugal separator 25 is provided outside the main body of the pellet stove 1 in the state of the fourth embodiment of the first embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. It shows the state installed outdoors.

吸引ファン２１から送られた灰ｂを含む燃焼風Ｃは、屋外に設けられた遠心分離装置２５であるサイクロン３０に通風され、灰ｂはサイクロン３０の底に設けられた外部と通気性に無い灰回収容器２９内に堆積し、灰ｂと分離された燃焼風Ｃは排気ダクト２２からサイクロン３０外に排気される。   The combustion wind C containing ash b sent from the suction fan 21 is ventilated to a cyclone 30 that is a centrifugal separator 25 provided outdoors, and the ash b is not air permeable to the outside provided at the bottom of the cyclone 30. The combustion air C accumulated in the ash collection container 29 and separated from the ash b is exhausted out of the cyclone 30 through the exhaust duct 22.

図６の第２の実施の形態であっても、むろんサイクロン３０の分離能力はペレットストーブ１の掃除運転で排気される燃焼風Ｃから灰ｂを容易に分離出来る能力を有する構成であって、通常の安定燃焼運転中では余裕を持って燃焼風Ｃから灰ｂを除去できるものである。しかも、灰回収容器２９が屋外に設けられているので、この灰回収容器２９を取り外し、内部の回収（集塵）した灰ｂを居住環境を汚すことなく取り出すことが可能である。 Even in the second embodiment of FIG. 6, the separation capacity of the cyclone 30 is, of course, a structure capable of easily separating the ash b from the combustion air C exhausted by the cleaning operation of the pellet stove 1, During normal stable combustion operation, the ash b can be removed from the combustion wind C with a margin. In addition, since the ash collection container 29 is provided outdoors, it is possible to remove the ash collection container 29 and take out the collected (dust collected) ash b without polluting the living environment.

図６では遠心分離装置２５としてサイクロン３０を用いているが、図２図３が示す円弧面２６を備えた遠心分離装置であってもよい。   In FIG. 6, the cyclone 30 is used as the centrifugal separator 25, but it may be a centrifugal separator provided with the arc surface 26 shown in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3.

本発明に係る木質ペレット燃焼装置は主としてペレットストーブに有効な手段であるが、木質以外のペレットも燃料として燃焼可能なペレットボイラーにおいても有効な除灰の手段であって、ペレットを使用する全ての燃焼装置に利用可能である。   The wood pellet combustion apparatus according to the present invention is mainly an effective means for a pellet stove, but it is also an effective ash removal means for a pellet boiler that can burn non-wood pellets as fuel, and uses all the pellets. It can be used for a combustion apparatus.

本発明に係る木質ペレット燃焼装置の形態を示す図である。 It is a figure which shows the form of the wood pellet combustion apparatus which concerns on this invention. 本発明に係る木質ペレット燃焼装置の第１の実施の形態に係る実施例１を示す図である。 It is a figure which shows Example 1 which concerns on 1st Embodiment of the wood pellet combustion apparatus which concerns on this invention. 第１の形態の実施例２を示す図である。 It is a figure which shows Example 2 of a 1st form. 第１の形態の実施例３を示す図である。 It is a figure which shows Example 3 of a 1st form. 第１の形態の実施例４を示す図である。 It is a figure which shows Example 4 of a 1st form. 第２の実施の形態を示す図である。 It is a diagram showing a second embodiment. 本発明に係る木質ペレット燃焼装置の形態を示すフローチャート図である。It is a flowchart figure which shows the form of the wood pellet combustion apparatus which concerns on this invention .

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

１ ペレットストーブ
２ 燃焼室
３ 燃料タンク
４ 燃料供給手段
５ 熱交換部
６ 排風部
７ 燃焼風排気口
８ スクリューコンベア
９ 投入口
１０ 底面板
１１ 投入シュート
１２ 通気口
１３ 燃焼皿
１４ 燃焼皿通気孔
１５ 点火装置
１６ ヒータ
１７ 冷却空間
１８ 放熱管
１９ 圧送ファン
２０ 温風吹き出し口
２１ 吸引ファン
２２ 排気ダクト
２３ 温度センサ
２４ モータ
２５ 遠心分離装置
２６ 円弧面
２７ 灰ダクト
２８ 排風ダクト
２９ 灰回収容器
３０ サイクロン
３１ 灰回収箱
３２ 制御部
ａ 木質ペレット
ｂ 灰
Ｃ 燃焼風
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Pellet stove 2 Combustion chamber 3 Fuel tank 4 Fuel supply means 5 Heat exchange part 6 Exhaust part 7 Combustion air exhaust port 8 Screw conveyor 9 Input port 10 Bottom plate 11 Input chute 12 Vent port 13 Combustion dish 14 Combustion dish vent hole 15 Ignition device 16 Heater 17 Cooling space 18 Radiation pipe 19 Pump fan 20 Hot air outlet 21 Suction fan 22 Exhaust duct 23 Temperature sensor 24 Motor 25 Centrifugal device 26 Arc surface 27 Ash duct 28 Exhaust duct 29 Ash recovery container 30 Cyclone 31 Ash recovery box 32 Control part a Wood pellet b Ash C Combustion wind

Claims (2)

装置本体内に燃焼室と燃料タンクと、燃料タンクから木質ペレット燃料を燃焼室に搬送する燃料供給手段を設け、燃焼室の上方に熱交換部と燃焼風排気口を備え、前記燃焼風排気口には燃焼風が流入する排風部を接続した木質ペレット燃焼装置において、
燃焼室内の木質ペレットが燃焼する燃焼皿の燃焼皿通気口を上昇する通風を、一時的に増風させると同時、又は増風時間内の一定時間のどちらかに、燃料供給手段から燃焼室内の燃焼皿上に、ペレット燃料を落下供給させて燃焼皿上に堆積する燃焼灰を浮遊状態として排風部に流入させ、排風部には一時的に増風した通風量相当の集塵能力を有する遠心分離装置を設けたことを特徴とする木質ペレット燃焼装置。 A combustion chamber, a fuel tank, and fuel supply means for conveying the wood pellet fuel from the fuel tank to the combustion chamber are provided in the apparatus main body, and a heat exchange section and a combustion wind exhaust port are provided above the combustion chamber, and the combustion wind exhaust port In the wood pellet combustion device connected to the exhaust section into which the combustion wind flows,
At the same time as temporarily increasing the ventilation up the combustion dish vent of the combustion dish in which the wood pellets in the combustion chamber burn , or at a certain time within the increase time, the fuel supply means supplies the inside of the combustion chamber. Pellet fuel is dropped on the combustion dish and the combustion ash deposited on the combustion dish is floated to flow into the exhaust section, and the exhaust section has a dust collection capacity equivalent to the temporarily increased ventilation rate. A wood pellet combustion apparatus comprising a centrifugal separator having the above-described centrifugal separator . 燃焼皿通気口を上昇する通風の一時的な増風は、連続燃焼中の一定の間隔で定期的に行なわれることを特徴とする、請求項１記載の木質ペレット燃焼装置。   2. The wood pellet combustion apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the temporary wind increase of the ventilation rising up the combustion dish vent is periodically performed at regular intervals during continuous combustion.
JP2005050739A 2005-02-25 2005-02-25 Wood pellet combustion equipment Active JP4082617B2 (en)

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Cited By (1)

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CN102449393A (en) * 2010-04-08 2012-05-09 韩晟工业(株) Combustion device

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JP4989287B2 (en) * 2007-04-20 2012-08-01 株式会社山本製作所 Wood pellet combustor and operation method thereof
KR101207368B1 (en) * 2010-02-11 2012-12-04 김일환 Device combustion for pellet boiler
JP5570255B2 (en) * 2010-03-10 2014-08-13 矢崎エナジーシステム株式会社 Wood pellet fired hot air machine
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JP6551927B2 (en) * 2015-07-10 2019-07-31 フルタ電機株式会社 Combustion furnace burning and ash treatment and clinker countermeasure method
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HRPK20181405B3 (en) * 2018-08-31 2021-04-30 Mladen Stupnišek Wood stove

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
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