JP4066538B2 - Waste disposal site - Google Patents

Waste disposal site Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4066538B2
JP4066538B2 JP31602498A JP31602498A JP4066538B2 JP 4066538 B2 JP4066538 B2 JP 4066538B2 JP 31602498 A JP31602498 A JP 31602498A JP 31602498 A JP31602498 A JP 31602498A JP 4066538 B2 JP4066538 B2 JP 4066538B2
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Japan
Prior art keywords
waste
layer
disposal site
water
intermediate cover
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JP2000140786A (en
Inventor
道彦 石田
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Obayashi Corp
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Obayashi Corp
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/30Landfill technologies aiming to mitigate methane emissions

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  • Treatment Of Biological Wastes In General (AREA)

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、廃棄物処分場に関し、特に埋立てられた廃棄物から滲出する水の水質浄化を促進できるようにした構造に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
埋立式の廃棄物最終処分場は、たとえば、図2に示す断面を呈するように造成されている。同図において、初期状態の廃棄物処分場1は、谷間などの自然の地形を利用しつつ、部分掘削により造成された凹状の地盤Eの内側全域に遮水工2を施し、底面に遮水工2の保護と排水とを兼用したサンドマット層3を形成し、サンドマット層3の中央部内底面に透水層4で囲われる滲出水集配水管5を配管した構造であり、集配水管5の下流側は図示しない水処理施設に接続される。
【0003】
以上の構造において、廃棄物処分場1内に投棄される廃棄物6からの滲出水は集配水管5に集められ、水処理施設で所定の水質基準となるまで無害化処理した後、下流側に放流される。
【0004】
また廃棄物埋立にあたっては、廃棄物6の飛散や悪臭防止のために、埋め立て厚さ2〜3m毎に、厚さが50cm程度の中間覆土層7が施工され、この結果、処分場1内がすべて埋め立てられると、最終覆土7で覆い、廃棄物処分場としての役割を終える。
【0005】
なお、この覆土7の材料に求められている品質としては、特に規定された基準はなく、重機によって撒き出しが可能な土砂であればよいとされている。
【0006】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
ところで、同廃棄物処分場1の埋立てが完了し、その機能を終息させる場合、あるいはその跡地利用施設を造成しようとする場合、問題となるのは、その地下土壌に有害イオンや有害な有機無機物が含まれておらず、完全に自然に還元されているかどうかである。この場合の目安となるのは、水処理施設に到達する地下水、すなわち図2に破線で示すように、処分場内に流れた雨水などによる滲出水が放流基準を満たしているか否かが斟酌される。つまり、放流基準を満たしていれば、自然降雨による濾過機能により、有害物質が浄化されていると判断することができる。
【0007】
しかしながら、実際には以上述べた従来型の廃棄物処分場では、廃棄物埋立完了後、いつまでに滲出水が完全浄化されるかは不明であるとされている。つまり、現在、処分場から排出されている水が仮に放流基準を満たしていたとしても、それは処分場内に自然に形成された水みちを通って放出される水が基準を満たしているだけなのである。
【0008】
例えば跡地利用を図ろうとして、廃棄物処分場内の埋立地を掘削したり、杭を打設した場合、地下水の水みちを変える結果、今まで良好な水質であったのに、悪くなってしまう可能性もあり、それ故、排水施設機能を停止したり、跡地利用を図る時期を推定するのは困難であった。
【0009】
本発明は、以上の課題を解決するものであって、その目的は、廃棄物全面に水が浸透し、その水を集水することで、早期に水質浄化を図れるようにした廃棄物処分場を提供するものである。
【0010】
【課題を解決するための手段】
以上の目的を達成するため、本発明は、凹状の地盤の内側全域に遮水工を施工し、その底面に滲出水集排水管を配管した廃棄物処分場にして、該処分場の内部に廃棄物を投棄することと、該廃棄物が所定厚みまで堆積したら中間覆土を施すことで中間覆土層を形成することとを繰返すようにした廃棄物処分場において、前記中間覆土層は、不透水層の上に排水機能を有する層を設けてなる排水マットを、浄化機能を有する透水性材料からなる層に埋設した複合層であり、かつ廃棄物及び前記中間覆土層を貫通し、上端が最上段の前記中間覆土層に位置し、下端を前記集排水管に接続した縦型集排水管を立設し、前記最上段の中間覆土層の上に廃棄物を堆積したことを特徴とするものである。
【0011】
従って、中間覆土層上に堆積した廃棄物から滲出する水は、中間覆土層から縦型集排水管のみを通じて集排水管に流れるため、特定の水みちをつくることなく、均一に中間覆土層に浸透し、ここで浄化されつつ系外に排出される。
【0013】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明の好ましい実施の形態につき、添付図面を参照して詳細に説明する。図1は、本発明にかかる廃棄物処分場を示している。なお、同図において、従来技術と同一箇所には同一符号を用い、異なる箇所にのみ異なる符号を用いて説明する。
【0014】
図1(a)に示す初期状態の廃棄物処分場1は、従来と同様に、谷間などの自然の地形を利用しつつ、部分掘削により造成された凹状の地盤Eの内側全域に遮水工2を施し、底面に遮水工2の保護と排水とを兼用したサンドマット層3を形成し、サンドマット層3の中央部内底面に透水層4で囲われる滲出水集排水管5を配管している。
【0015】
これに加え、廃棄物処分場1内には、下端を集排水管5に接続した縦型集排水管10が立設され、その外周を同じく透水層4で覆った構造であり、さらに、廃棄物6の投棄作業に先立ち、サンドマット層3の上面には遮水保護工12が施工されている。
【0016】
遮水保護工12は、後述する中間覆土層と同一材質のもので構成されている。すなわち、この遮水保護工12は、サンドマット層3上に撒き出される透水性材料層12aと、破線で示すように、透水性材料12a内に埋設された排水マット12bとの複合層となっている。
【0017】
透水性材料層12aを構成する材料は、例えば、溶融スラグなどを破砕して得られる多孔質土砂、ジオライトなどの浄化機能のある天然または人工材料、PH調節機能を持つ多孔質土砂、あるいはこれらを適宜割合に調合したり、有機物分解促進用の菌類を付着させた配合土砂が好適に用いられる。
【0018】
また、排水マット12bは、底面が合成フィルムなどの不透水層をコーティングした排水用の空隙率の大きな多孔質素材からなり、かつその表面を不織布などで覆われた複合素材により構成されるもので、覆土によって目詰りを起さず、滲出水によって劣化を生ずることがなく、また、上載荷重によってつぶれることがない素材が望ましく、例えばOVフィルターなどのマット材料が好適に用いられる。
【0019】
以上の状態で廃棄物6の受入れ体制が整えられ、(a)に示すごとく、最初に廃棄物6が遮水保護工12上に撒き出され、重機などで敷き均されつつ、順次蓄積される。
【0020】
なお、縦型集排水管10の周囲には透水層4を構成する土砂材料で覆い、直接集排水管10に廃棄物6が接触しないようにしておく。
【0021】
降雨があると、廃棄物6の表面から遮水保護工12に浸透し、ここで浄化されつつ、排水マット12aの内部に含浸され、含浸した滲出水は下面不透水層によってその下部には流出することなく、その全量が透水層4を伝って集排水管5に直接、あるいは縦型集排水管10から集排水管5に伝わり、下流側へと放出される。
【0022】
従って、廃棄物6からの滲出水は遮水保護工12の浄化能力、及び下流側での水処理施設により、速やかに浄化されるものとなる。
【0023】
以上の機能を達成するため、透水性材料層12aに要求される機能は、廃棄物内を浸透した雨水が速やかにマット12bに流れ込む透水性がもたらされていることである。ここで、厚さ30cm、降雨量10mm/日が1日に浸透することとすると、次式によりその透水係数を定めることができる。
【0024】
Q=Aki
(但しA:透水面積、k:透水係数、i:導水勾配)
それ故、

Figure 0004066538
従って、透水性材料層12aとしては、1×10-4cm/sec 以上の透水性を持つことが望ましいものとなる。
【0025】
最初の廃棄物6の堆積厚みが2〜3mになったなら、これを敷き均し、(b)に示すように、その表面を前述の中間覆土層12で覆う、覆土層12は遮水保護工12と全く同一の透水性材料層12aと、透水性材料12a内に埋設された排水マット12bとの複合層からなっている。
【0026】
従って、この中間覆土層12上に堆積された廃棄物6からの滲出水は、その下部に流出することがなく、全量縦型集排水管10を伝って集排水管側へと流れ、浄化が促進される。なお、縦型集排水管10に向けて緩やかに勾配をつけるように敷き均せば、排水が促進される。
【0027】
このようにして次々と投棄及び覆土を繰り返すことで、順次処分場1は埋立てられ、最終的に、(c)に示すように処分場1の表面を最終覆土7で覆えば、処分場1としての役割を終える。
【0028】
役割を終えた処分場1内の各層の廃棄物6はその全面でほぼ均一に浄化され、また新たに堆積される廃棄物6によっては再汚染されないことから、早期無害化を図ることが出来ることになる。
【0029】
また、跡地利用により、処分場表面にある程度の変化が生じたとしても、滲出水の水質を大きく変化させることはなく、良好な土壌に早期復元されることになる。
【0030】
【発明の効果】
以上の説明により明らかなように、本発明による廃棄物処分場にあっては、廃棄物全面に水が浸透し、その水を集水することで、早期に水質浄化を図ることが出来るため、処分場の機能停止、あるいは跡地利用をする上で好適となる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】(a)〜(c)は本発明による廃棄物処分場の埋立開始から、完了までの状態を示す断面説明図である。
【図2】従来型廃棄物処分場の断面説明図である。
【符号の説明】
1 廃棄物処分場
E 地盤
2 遮水工
3 サンドマット
5 滲出水集排水管
6 廃棄物
10 縦型集排水管
12 遮水保護工、中間覆土
12a 透水層
12b 排水マット[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a waste disposal site, and more particularly to a structure capable of promoting the purification of water exuded from landfilled waste.
[0002]
[Prior art]
The landfill-type waste final disposal site is constructed, for example, to have a cross section shown in FIG. In this figure, the waste disposal site 1 in the initial state uses a natural topography such as a valley and applies a water shielding work 2 to the entire inner side of the concave ground E created by partial excavation, and the bottom surface is impermeable to water. The sand mat layer 3 is used for both protection of the work 2 and drainage, and the exudate water collection and distribution pipe 5 surrounded by the water permeable layer 4 is piped on the inner bottom surface of the center portion of the sand mat layer 3. The side is connected to a water treatment facility (not shown).
[0003]
In the above structure, the exudate from the waste 6 dumped in the waste disposal site 1 is collected in the collecting and distributing pipe 5 and detoxified until it reaches a predetermined water quality standard in the water treatment facility, and then on the downstream side. It is released.
[0004]
In addition, in the landfill, an intermediate cover layer 7 having a thickness of about 50 cm is constructed every 2 to 3 m of landfill thickness in order to prevent the waste 6 from being scattered and foul odors. When all the land has been reclaimed, it is covered with the final cover soil 7 to finish its role as a waste disposal site.
[0005]
In addition, there is no standard prescribed | regulated as quality requested | required of the material of this soil covering 7, It is supposed that the earth and sand which can be squeezed out with a heavy machine should just be.
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
By the way, when the landfill of the waste disposal site 1 is completed and its function is terminated, or when the site use facility is to be constructed, the problem is that harmful ions and harmful organic matter are generated in the underground soil. Whether it contains no inorganic substances and is completely reduced. The standard in this case is whether or not the groundwater that reaches the water treatment facility, that is, whether or not the exudate due to rainwater that has flowed into the disposal site satisfies the discharge standard, as shown by the broken line in FIG. . That is, if the release standard is satisfied, it can be determined that the harmful substances are purified by the filtration function by natural rainfall.
[0007]
However, in the conventional waste disposal site described above, it is unclear how long the exudate will be completely purified after the landfill is completed. In other words, even if the water discharged from the disposal site currently meets the discharge standard, it only means that the water released through the water channel naturally formed in the disposal site meets the standard. .
[0008]
For example, when trying to use the ruins and excavating a landfill in a waste disposal site or laying piles, the water quality of the groundwater will change, resulting in poor water quality. Therefore, it was difficult to estimate when to stop the drainage facility function or use the site.
[0009]
The present invention solves the above-described problems, and its purpose is to dispose of waste at a waste disposal site that allows water to permeate through the entire surface of the waste and collect the water so that water can be purified at an early stage. Is to provide.
[0010]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a waste disposal site in which a water-impervious work is constructed on the entire inner side of the concave ground, and an exudate collecting / draining pipe is provided on the bottom surface of the waste disposal site. In the waste disposal site in which the disposal of waste and the formation of an intermediate cover layer by applying an intermediate cover when the waste has accumulated to a predetermined thickness are repeated, the intermediate cover layer is impermeable to water. It is a composite layer in which a drainage mat provided with a layer having a drainage function on the layer is embedded in a layer made of a water-permeable material having a purification function , and penetrates waste and the intermediate soil cover layer, with the uppermost end being the highest. A vertical drainage pipe located at the upper intermediate cover layer and having a lower end connected to the drainage pipe is erected , and waste is deposited on the upper intermediate cover layer. Is.
[0011]
Therefore, water that exudes from the waste accumulated on the intermediate cover layer flows from the intermediate cover layer to the drainage pipe only through the vertical drainage pipe, so that the intermediate cover layer is uniformly formed without creating a specific water channel. It penetrates and is discharged out of the system while being purified here.
[0013]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. FIG. 1 shows a waste disposal site according to the present invention. In the figure, the same reference numerals are used for the same parts as those of the prior art, and different reference numerals are used only for different parts.
[0014]
The waste disposal site 1 in the initial state shown in FIG. 1 (a) is impermeable to the entire inner area of the concave ground E created by partial excavation while utilizing natural topography such as a valley as in the past. 2 is formed, and a sand mat layer 3 is formed on the bottom surface, which also serves as a protection and drainage for the impermeable work 2, and an exudate collecting / draining pipe 5 surrounded by the water permeable layer 4 is provided on the bottom surface in the center of the sand mat layer 3. ing.
[0015]
In addition to this, in the waste disposal site 1, a vertical drainage pipe 10 having a lower end connected to the drainage pipe 5 is erected, and the outer periphery thereof is also covered with the permeable layer 4, and further disposed of. Prior to the dumping work of the object 6, a water-blocking protective work 12 is constructed on the upper surface of the sand mat layer 3.
[0016]
The water-blocking protection work 12 is made of the same material as an intermediate cover layer to be described later. That is, the water-blocking protective work 12 is a composite layer of a water-permeable material layer 12a that is sprinkled on the sand mat layer 3 and a drainage mat 12b embedded in the water-permeable material 12a as indicated by a broken line. ing.
[0017]
The material constituting the water permeable material layer 12a is, for example, porous earth and sand obtained by crushing molten slag, natural or artificial material having a purification function such as geolite, porous earth and sand having a PH adjustment function, or these. The blended earth and sand which mix | blends to a suitable ratio or to which fungi for organic substance decomposition | disassembly acceleration | stimulation were made to adhere is used suitably.
[0018]
The drain mat 12b is made of a porous material having a large porosity for drainage whose bottom surface is coated with a water-impermeable layer such as a synthetic film, and the surface thereof is covered with a nonwoven fabric or the like. A material which does not cause clogging due to covering soil, does not deteriorate due to exudate, and does not collapse due to an overload is desirable. For example, a mat material such as an OV filter is preferably used.
[0019]
In the above-described state, the system for receiving waste 6 is prepared. As shown in (a), waste 6 is first sprinkled on the water-impervious protection work 12, and is sequentially accumulated while being spread with heavy machinery or the like. .
[0020]
The vertical drainage pipe 10 is covered with earth and sand material constituting the water permeable layer 4 so that the waste 6 does not directly contact the drainage pipe 10.
[0021]
When there is rain, it penetrates into the impermeable protective work 12 from the surface of the waste 6 and is impregnated inside the drainage mat 12a while being purified here, and the impregnated exudate flows out to the lower part by the lower surface impermeable layer. Instead, the entire amount is transmitted to the drainage pipe 5 through the water permeable layer 4 or directly from the vertical drainage pipe 10 to the drainage pipe 5 and discharged downstream.
[0022]
Therefore, the exudate from the waste 6 is promptly purified by the purification capability of the water shielding protection work 12 and the water treatment facility on the downstream side.
[0023]
In order to achieve the above functions, the function required for the water permeable material layer 12a is that water permeability that allows rainwater that has permeated the waste to quickly flow into the mat 12b is provided. Here, assuming that a thickness of 30 cm and a rainfall of 10 mm / day permeate in one day, the hydraulic conductivity can be determined by the following equation.
[0024]
Q = Aki
(However, A: Permeable area, k: Permeability coefficient, i: Water conveyance gradient)
Therefore,
Figure 0004066538
Therefore, it is desirable that the water permeable material layer 12a has a water permeability of 1 × 10 −4 cm / sec or more.
[0025]
When the deposited thickness of the first waste 6 becomes 2 to 3 m, this is spread and leveled, and the surface is covered with the intermediate cover layer 12 as shown in (b). It consists of a composite layer of a water permeable material layer 12a that is exactly the same as the work 12, and a drainage mat 12b embedded in the water permeable material 12a.
[0026]
Therefore, the exudate from the waste 6 deposited on the intermediate soil covering layer 12 does not flow out to the lower part of the intermediate cover layer 12 but flows to the drainage pipe side through the entire vertical drainage pipe 10 for purification. Promoted. In addition, drainage is promoted by laying so as to gently slope toward the vertical drainage pipe 10.
[0027]
By sequentially dumping and covering the soil one after another, the disposal site 1 is sequentially landfilled. Finally, if the surface of the disposal site 1 is covered with the final covering soil 7 as shown in FIG. End the role as.
[0028]
The waste 6 of each layer in the disposal site 1 that has finished its role is purified almost uniformly on the entire surface, and the newly deposited waste 6 is not recontaminated, so that it can be made harmless early. become.
[0029]
Moreover, even if a certain amount of change occurs on the disposal site surface due to the use of the ruins, the quality of the exudate is not greatly changed, and it is restored to good soil at an early stage.
[0030]
【The invention's effect】
As is clear from the above explanation, in the waste disposal site according to the present invention, water penetrates the entire waste surface, and by collecting the water, water quality purification can be achieved at an early stage. This is suitable for stopping the disposal site or using the site.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIGS. 1A to 1C are cross-sectional explanatory views showing states from the start of landfill to completion of a waste disposal site according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional explanatory view of a conventional waste disposal site.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Waste disposal site E Ground 2 Impermeable work 3 Sand mat 5 Exudate water collection drain pipe 6 Waste 10 Vertical collection drain pipe 12 Impermeable protection work, intermediate covering soil 12a Permeable layer 12b Drain mat

Claims (1)

凹状の地盤の内側全域に遮水工を施工し、その底面に滲出水集排水管を配管した廃棄物処分場にして、該処分場の内部に廃棄物を投棄することと、該廃棄物が所定厚みまで堆積したら中間覆土を施すことで中間覆土層を形成することとを繰返すようにした廃棄物処分場において、前記中間覆土層は、不透水層の上に排水機能を有する層を設けてなる排水マットを、浄化機能を有する透水性材料からなる層に埋設した複合層であり、かつ廃棄物及び前記中間覆土層を貫通し、上端が最上段の前記中間覆土層に位置し、下端を前記集排水管に接続した縦型集排水管を立設し、前記最上段の中間覆土層の上に廃棄物を堆積したことを特徴とする廃棄物処分場。A wastewater treatment facility is constructed on the entire inner surface of the concave ground, and a waste disposal site with an exudate collection pipe on the bottom surface. The waste is disposed inside the disposal site, and the waste is In a waste disposal site where an intermediate cover layer is formed by applying an intermediate cover when deposited to a predetermined thickness, the intermediate cover layer is provided with a layer having a drainage function on an impermeable layer. A drainage mat embedded in a layer made of a water-permeable material having a purification function, penetrating waste and the intermediate cover layer, the upper end being located in the uppermost intermediate cover layer , the lower end being A waste disposal site , wherein a vertical drainage pipe connected to the drainage pipe is erected and waste is deposited on the uppermost intermediate soil covering layer .
JP31602498A 1998-11-06 1998-11-06 Waste disposal site Expired - Fee Related JP4066538B2 (en)

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JP31602498A JP4066538B2 (en) 1998-11-06 1998-11-06 Waste disposal site

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP31602498A JP4066538B2 (en) 1998-11-06 1998-11-06 Waste disposal site

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JP2000140786A JP2000140786A (en) 2000-05-23
JP4066538B2 true JP4066538B2 (en) 2008-03-26

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7875292B2 (en) 1998-05-18 2011-01-25 Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited Orally disintegrable tablets

Families Citing this family (6)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2010242451A (en) * 2009-04-09 2010-10-28 Ohbayashi Corp Drainage structure and draining method
JP5310209B2 (en) * 2009-04-09 2013-10-09 株式会社大林組 Construction method of shear embankment and embankment structure of shear embankment
JP5498104B2 (en) * 2009-09-11 2014-05-21 大成建設株式会社 Residual soil disposal structure
JP6403150B2 (en) * 2014-06-13 2018-10-10 国立大学法人佐賀大学 Waste disposal site and waste treatment system
JP6621653B2 (en) * 2015-11-26 2019-12-18 株式会社竹中工務店 Storage and purification system
JP7428029B2 (en) 2020-03-18 2024-02-06 株式会社大林組 Soil drainage device and soil drainage device construction method

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7875292B2 (en) 1998-05-18 2011-01-25 Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited Orally disintegrable tablets

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