JP4063748B2 - A skeleton used to create aquatic plant belts - Google Patents

A skeleton used to create aquatic plant belts Download PDF

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JP4063748B2
JP4063748B2 JP2003342346A JP2003342346A JP4063748B2 JP 4063748 B2 JP4063748 B2 JP 4063748B2 JP 2003342346 A JP2003342346 A JP 2003342346A JP 2003342346 A JP2003342346 A JP 2003342346A JP 4063748 B2 JP4063748 B2 JP 4063748B2
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vegetation
soil
sandbag
water
aquatic plant
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JP2005102626A (en
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修二 宮岡
正夫 黒岩
健司 大西
和広 有門
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Obayashi Corp
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Description

本発明は、ヨシなどの水生植物の育成を図るべく造成される水生植物帯に用いる篭体に関する。 The present invention relates Kagotai used in aquatic vegetation is Construction to promote the development of aquatic plants such as reeds.

河川や湖沼等の水辺に生育するヨシなどの水生植物が、生活排水などによって汚染された水質の自然浄化に多大に寄与していることが知られており、水質の悪化した淡水の河川や湖沼等では、人工的にヨシ原を造成して水生植物を育成し、消失したヨシ原を再現して自然回帰させることが積極的に行われるようになってきた。   It is known that reeds and other aquatic plants that grow on the watersides of rivers and lakes contribute greatly to the natural purification of water quality contaminated by domestic wastewater, etc. Etc., it has been actively carried out to artificially create a reed field and cultivate aquatic plants, and to reproduce the lost reed field and naturally return.

この人工ヨシ原は、砂泥などの流失を防ぐための堰堤を所望する所定の造成エリアの周囲に巡らし、内部に植生土壌を入れて植生土壌層を形成し、当該植生土壌層にヨシの株や地下茎を植え付けて造成しており、淡水水域でのヨシ原の再現化を達成し得ている。   In this artificial reed field, a dam to prevent the loss of sand mud, etc. is circulated around the desired creation area, and a vegetation soil is formed inside to form a vegetation soil layer. And planting underground stems, and recreating reed fields in freshwater bodies.

また、近年では、この様な人工ヨシ原を河口周辺の汽水域にも造成しようという試みが行われ始めている。しかし、当該汽水域では、河川からの淡水が海水の表層に流れ込むとともに、潮の干満により潮位が変化するので、従来の淡水域の人工ヨシ原と同じ構造としたのでは、人工ヨシ原に入り込んだ汽水中の海水が排出されずに、その塩分の濃度が高まってヨシの生育が阻まれてしまうことになる。このため、汽水域に設ける水生植物帯にあっては、植生土壌の塩分を低く抑えられるようする必要がある。   In recent years, attempts have been made to create such artificial reed fields in brackish waters around the estuary. However, in the brackish water area, fresh water from the river flows into the surface layer of seawater and the tide level changes due to tides, so if it has the same structure as an artificial reed field in a conventional freshwater area, it enters the artificial reed field. However, the seawater in brackish water is not discharged, and the concentration of the salt increases, preventing the growth of reeds. For this reason, in the aquatic plant zone provided in the brackish water area, it is necessary to keep the salinity of the vegetation soil low.

このため、このような汽水域でも水生植物の生育が図れる水生植物帯として、従来、例えば特許文献１に開示されている人工ヨシ原の提案がある。当該提案の人工ヨシ原は、図８に示すように、コンクリート護岸２に沿って所定の造成エリアの周囲をコ字状等に石積み堤４で囲うとともに、この石積み堤４の内側に、砂を充填した土嚢や砕石などを積み上げてなる土壌流亡防止層６を設けることで、透水性の土壌流亡防止堤８を構築し、この土壌流亡防止堤８の内部に、上面が平らで低潮位時の水面高よりも高い位置にある基盤１０を設け、この基盤１０上に植生土壌１２を入れて植生土壌層を形成し、この植生土壌層にヨシなど水生植物の苗や地下茎を植えて育成するものである。   For this reason, as an aquatic plant zone in which aquatic plants can be grown even in such brackish water areas, there has conventionally been proposed an artificial reed field disclosed in, for example, Patent Document 1. As shown in FIG. 8, the proposed artificial reed field surrounds a predetermined building area along a concrete revetment 2 in a U shape with a stone embankment 4, and sand is placed inside the stone embankment 4. By providing a soil runoff prevention layer 6 formed by stacking filled sandbags and crushed stones, a permeable soil runoff prevention dike 8 is constructed. Inside the soil runoff prevention dike 8, the upper surface is flat and at a low tide level. A base 10 that is higher than the water surface is provided, and a vegetation soil 12 is formed on the base 10 to form a vegetation soil layer, and seedlings of aquatic plants such as reeds and underground stems are planted and grown on this vegetation soil layer It is.

そして、この水生植物帯によれば、上げ潮の高潮位時に植生土壌１２が冠水して、その後の引き潮時に水面高の低下が生じても、当該植生土壌１２は透水性の土壌流亡防止堤８によって囲まれているので、植生土壌１２の外部への流出を防ぎながら汽水を土壌流亡防止堤８を透過させて堤外に排出することができ、水面が低潮位まで下がっていくに際しては、塩水の表層を覆う淡水が植生土壌１２に残存する塩分を洗い流すように機能して、植生土壌１２の塩分濃度の高まりを防止することになる。
特開２００２−３２０４０９号公報 And according to this aquatic plant zone, even if the vegetation soil 12 is submerged at the high tide level of the rising tide and the water level is lowered at the subsequent tide, the vegetation soil 12 is prevented by the permeable soil runoff prevention dike 8. Since it is surrounded, brackish water can pass through the soil runoff prevention dike 8 and be discharged outside the dike while preventing the vegetation soil 12 from flowing out, and when the water surface falls to a low tide level, The fresh water covering the vegetation soil 12 functions to wash away the salt remaining in the vegetation soil 12, thereby preventing an increase in the salt concentration of the vegetation soil 12.
JP 2002-320409 A

ところで、上記植生土壌層を形成する方法として、例えば土壌流亡防止層６の構築に用いる土嚢のように、透水性のある袋体に植生土壌１２を充填して形成した土嚢を植生基盤１０上に縦横に敷設することが考えられる。そして、この様な透水性のある袋体内に植生土壌を充填してなる土嚢を植生土壌層の形成に用いれば、排水時に土嚢内部の植生土壌１２が袋体外に流出することを防止することができるので、土壌流亡防止堤８をことさら設ける必要が無くなり、施工性の向上が図れるようになる。そして、このことは汽水域の水生植物帯に限らず、淡水域の水生植物帯の造成の場合でも同様のことが言える。   By the way, as a method for forming the vegetation soil layer, for example, a sandbag formed by filling a vegetation soil 12 in a permeable bag body, such as a sandbag used for constructing the soil runoff prevention layer 6, is formed on the vegetation base 10. It is possible to lay it vertically and horizontally. And if the sandbag which fills the vegetation soil in such a water-permeable bag body is used for formation of a vegetation soil layer, it can prevent that the vegetation soil 12 inside a sandbag flows out of a bag body at the time of drainage. As a result, it is not necessary to provide the soil runoff prevention bank 8 and the workability can be improved. This is not limited to the aquatic plant zone in brackish water, and the same can be said for the case of creating a freshwater aquatic plant zone.

しかしながら、透水性があって土壌の流出を防止し得る従来の袋体を用いて、これに植生土壌を充填することで植生土壌層形成用の土嚢を構成すると、袋体の目あいが細かすぎるため、種々の水生植物の新芽や茎が袋体を貫通して生育し難く、結果としてヨシ原の再現は難しいものとなる。このため、水生植物の育成を図るためには土嚢を敷設した後に、当該土嚢の上表面を切り裂いて土壌１２を露出させる必要が生じる。然るに、このように袋体の表面を切り裂いて土壌表面を露出させてしまうと、植生土壌が波や水流などに浸食されて流失してしまうことになる。また、土嚢に型くずれが生じてしまうこともある。 However, when a sandbag for forming a vegetation soil layer is formed by filling a vegetation soil with a conventional bag body that has water permeability and can prevent the outflow of soil, the mesh of the bag body is too fine. Therefore, it is difficult for shoots and stems of various aquatic plants to penetrate the bag body, and as a result, it is difficult to reproduce the reed field. For this reason, in order to grow aquatic plants, it is necessary to expose the soil 12 by cutting the upper surface of the sandbag after laying the sandbag. However, if the surface of the bag is cut and the soil surface is exposed in this way, the vegetation soil is eroded by waves and water currents and washed away. In addition, the sandbag may be deformed.

本発明は、このような事情に鑑みてなされたものであり、その目的は、排水に際して植生土壌が流失してしまうことを防止でき、しかも充填した植生土壌が波や水流などに浸食される虞がなく、植生土壌を充填した土嚢に型くずれが生じることも防止し得て、長期に亘って安定した水生植物帯を造成し得る水生植物帯の造成に用いる植生用土嚢を提供することにある。 The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to prevent the vegetation soil from being washed away during drainage, and the filled vegetation soil may be eroded by waves or water currents. Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a vegetation sandbag for use in the construction of an aquatic plant zone that can prevent the shape of the sandbag filled with vegetation soil from being deformed and can form a stable aquatic plant zone over a long period of time.

本発明は上記の目的を達成するために、水生植物帯の造成に用いる篭体を以下のように構成する。 In order to achieve the above object, the present invention comprises a rod used for the formation of an aquatic plant zone as follows.

請求項１に係る発明は、ヨシなどの水生植物帯の造成に用いる篭体であって、該篭体内には、水底地盤から所定の高さまで植生基盤が形成され、該植生基盤上には植生用の土嚢が充填されており、該土嚢は、少なくとも周側面と底面とに土壌の流失を防止する目あいの細かい布が配され、上面には水生植物の新芽の通過や茎の成長を阻害しない目あいの粗い布が配された袋体の内部に植生土壌が充填されて形成されていることを特徴とする。 The invention according to claim 1, a Kagotai used for reclamation of aquatic vegetation such as reeds, the該篭body, vegetation base is formed from a sea bed soil to a predetermined height, is on the plant raw base Vegetation The sandbag is filled with a fine cloth to prevent soil loss on at least the peripheral side and the bottom, and the upper surface does not hinder the passage of shoots and stem growth of aquatic plants A vegetation soil is filled in a bag body in which a coarse cloth is arranged.

請求項２に係る水生植物帯の造成に用いる篭体の発明にあっては、前記袋体は、底面と周側面とが織布でなり、上面が目あいの粗い不織布でなることを特徴とする。 In the invention of the rod body used for the formation of the aquatic plant belt according to claim 2, the bag body is formed of a woven fabric having a bottom surface and a peripheral side surface, and a nonwoven fabric having a rough top surface. .

請求項３に係る水生植物帯の造成に用いる篭体の発明にあっては、前記袋体は上面の布が開閉可能とされていることを特徴とする。 In the invention of Kagotai used for reclamation of aquatic vegetation according to claim 3, the bag is characterized in that the fabric of the upper surface is opened and closed.

請求項１に係る水生植物帯の造成に用いる篭体の発明によれば、該篭体内には、水底地盤から所定の高さまで植生基盤が形成され、該植生基盤上には植生用の土嚢が充填されているから、当該植生土嚢はその周側部を篭体に拘束されて型くずれが防止される。また、構築予定エリアの施工位置に篭体を縦横に敷設配置していくことで、植生基盤や植生土壌層をその構築エリアの大小に合わせて容易に迅速に造成できる。
さらに、植生土壌を充填する袋体の周側面と底面とには目あいの細かい布が配設されているから、排水に際して植生土壌が流失してしまうことを防止することができるばかりか、上面には目あいの粗い不織布を使用して植生土壌の上表面を覆うようにしているので、種々の水生植物の新芽や茎が容易に伸長生育することができ、しかも充填した植生土壌が波や水流などで浸食される虞がなく、長期に亘って安定した水生植物帯を提供することができるようになる。 According to the invention of Kagotai used for reclamation of aquatic vegetation according to claim 1, the該篭body, vegetation base is formed from a sea bed soil to a predetermined height, is on the plant raw foundation sandbags for vegetation Since the vegetation sandbag is filled, its peripheral side portion is constrained by the housing, so that it is prevented from being deformed. In addition, by laying the frame vertically and horizontally at the construction position in the construction planned area, the vegetation base and the vegetation soil layer can be easily and quickly constructed according to the size of the construction area.
In addition, since fine cloth is arranged on the peripheral side and bottom of the bag body filled with vegetation soil, not only can the vegetation soil be washed away during drainage, Since the upper surface of the vegetation soil is covered with a non-woven fabric, the shoots and stems of various aquatic plants can easily grow and grow, and the filled vegetation soil has waves and water currents. It is possible to provide a stable aquatic plant zone over a long period of time.

請求項２に示す水生植物帯の造成に用いる篭体の発明のように、植生用の土嚢の袋体の周側面と底面とには目あいの細かい織布を使用する一方、上面には目あいの粗い不織布を使用することで、排水による土壌の流失を防止でき、しかも種々の水生植物の育成を図れて、かつ植生土壌の波や水流などによる浸食も防止できる植生用土嚢を容易に実現できる。 As in the invention of the enclosure used for the formation of the aquatic plant belt according to claim 2, a fine woven fabric is used on the peripheral side surface and the bottom surface of the bag body of the sandbag for vegetation, while the upper surface has a texture. By using a coarse non-woven fabric, it is possible to easily realize a vegetation sandbag that can prevent soil loss due to drainage, can grow various aquatic plants, and can also prevent erosion due to vegetation soil waves and water currents.

請求項３に示す水生植物帯の造成に用いる篭体の発明のように、土嚢の上面の布を開閉可能にすれば、設置箇所に袋体を先行配置してからその内部に底泥等の植生土壌を充填した後に、上面の布を閉じるようになすことで、土壌を充填した重い袋体の吊り上げ・設置工を不要となし得、これにより更なる施工性の向上も図れる。 If the cloth on the upper surface of the sandbag can be opened and closed as in the invention of the enclosure used for the formation of the aquatic plant belt shown in claim 3, the bag body is placed in advance at the installation location and then the bottom mud etc. By filling the vegetation soil and closing the cloth on the upper surface, it is possible to eliminate the need for lifting and installing a heavy bag filled with soil, thereby further improving the workability.

以下に、本発明に係る汽水域の水性植物帯及びその造成方法の好適な実施の形態について、添付図面に基づき詳述する。   Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of an aqueous plant zone in a brackish water area and a method for producing the same will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

図１は本発明の水生植物帯の概要を示す平面図であり、図２は図１中のII−II線矢視断面図、図３は同じく図１中のIII−III線矢視断面図、図４は植生用の土嚢の縦断面図、図５は篭体とその上側部に装填する植生用の土嚢とを示す斜視図である。   1 is a plan view showing an outline of the aquatic plant zone of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along the line II-II in FIG. 1, and FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along the line III-III in FIG. FIG. 4 is a longitudinal sectional view of a vegetation sandbag, and FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing a housing and a vegetation sandbag loaded on the upper portion thereof.

図１に示すように、この実施形態例の水生植物帯２０は河川２２が海２４に注ぎ込んで海水と淡水とが混じり合う河口の汽水域の所定エリアに造成されてヨシなどの水生植物の育成に供せられる。この水生植物帯２０はコンクリート護岸２に沿って所定幅で沖合に延出されて設けられており、干潮時の水面高ＨLよりも上面２６ａが高所に設定された植生基盤２６と、この植生基盤２６上に設けられる植生土壌層２８とを有している。   As shown in FIG. 1, an aquatic plant zone 20 of this embodiment is formed in a predetermined area of a brackish water area of a river mouth where a river 22 is poured into a sea 24 and seawater and fresh water are mixed, and aquatic plants such as reeds are bred. To be served. The aquatic plant belt 20 is provided to extend offshore with a predetermined width along the concrete revetment 2, and includes a vegetation base 26 in which the upper surface 26a is set higher than the water surface height HL at low tide, and the vegetation. And a vegetation soil layer 28 provided on the base 26.

植生基盤２６は、透水性のある礫地盤２９で形成されて排水層をなしており、当該実施形態例では図２に示すように、割栗石３０などを入れた多数の篭体３２が水底地盤３４上に縦横に敷設されて形成されている。そして、この多数の篭体３２が敷設されて形成された植生基盤２６の上面２６ａには、図４に示すような袋体３６の内部に植生土壌３８が充填されてなる多数の植生用の土嚢（以下、植生土嚢と称する。）４０が更に縦横に敷設載置されてることによって、植生土壌層２８が形成されている。   The vegetation base 26 is formed of a permeable gravel ground 29 and forms a drainage layer. In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 34 is laid vertically and horizontally. Then, on the upper surface 26a of the vegetation base 26 formed by laying a large number of the skeletons 32, a large number of vegetation sandbags are formed, in which a vegetation soil 38 is filled in a bag body 36 as shown in FIG. (Hereinafter referred to as a vegetation sandbag) 40 is further laid and placed vertically and horizontally, whereby a vegetation soil layer 28 is formed.

上記植生土嚢４０の袋体３６は、少なくともその周側面３６ａと底面３６ｂとの部分には土壌の流出を防止可能な目あいの細かい織布４２が使用される一方、上面３６ｃには水生植物の新芽の通過や茎の成長を阻害しない目あいの粗い不織布４４が使用されて、開閉可能に配されている。即ち、多数の植生土嚢４０が縦横に配設されて形成される植生土壌層２８はその少なくとも周側面と底面とに、土壌の流失を防止する土壌流失防止手段として、目あいの細かい布が配設された構成となっている。また、袋体３６の内部に充填される植生土壌３８にはヨシなどの水生植物の根茎や苗、種子が予め埋設されている。   The bag body 36 of the vegetation sandbag 40 uses a fine woven fabric 42 that can prevent the outflow of soil at least on the peripheral side surface 36a and the bottom surface 36b, while the upper surface 36c has a sprout of aquatic plants. A coarse nonwoven fabric 44 that does not impede the passage of the stem and the growth of the stem is used, and is arranged to be openable and closable. That is, the vegetation soil layer 28 formed by arranging a large number of vegetation sandbags 40 vertically and horizontally is provided with a fine cloth as at least a peripheral side surface and a bottom surface as soil loss prevention means for preventing soil loss. It has been configured. In addition, rhizomes, seedlings, and seeds of aquatic plants such as reeds are embedded in the vegetation soil 38 filled in the bag body 36 in advance.

より具体的には、図２，図５に示すように、篭体３２は直方体状をなし、その各辺にはアングル材やロッド材でなるフレーム４５が設けられていて、当該フレーム４５に袋状に編まれた網材４６が係止されることによって形成されている。そして、当該篭体３２内に入れられる割栗石３０は、干潮時にその上端部分が低潮位の水面ＨLから露出するようにその水底地盤３４から所定の高さまで充填され、当該割栗石３０で形成される礫地盤２９はその上側部分が干潮時に水面上に露出するように設定される。   More specifically, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 5, the casing 32 has a rectangular parallelepiped shape, and a frame 45 made of an angle material or a rod material is provided on each side thereof, and the frame 45 has a bag. It is formed by the mesh material 46 knitted into a shape being locked. The cracked stone 30 placed in the housing 32 is filled to a predetermined height from the bottom ground 34 so that its upper end portion is exposed from the low tide level water surface HL at low tide, and is formed of the cracked stone 30. The gravel ground 29 is set so that its upper part is exposed on the water surface at low tide.

また、割栗石３０を充填した篭体３２の上側部には更に植生土嚢４０を挿入する空間が空けられていて、当該上側部空間内に植生土嚢４０が装填されることで、当該植生土嚢４０は上記フレーム４５および網材４６に周側部を拘束されて、その型くずれが防止されるようになっている。この植生土嚢４０は予め植生土壌３８を充填しておいてから篭体３２の上側部空間に挿入して礫地盤２９上に載置しても良いが、図５に示すように先に袋体３６だけを上記上側部空間内に挿入して上記フレーム４５に固定係止させて取り付けておき、爾後に植生土壌３８として底泥をポンプなどで吸い上げてパイプ４８を通じて充填するようにしても良い。あるいは、底泥の含水比が高い場合には、底泥をスクリューデカンタやサンドコレクター等を用いて分級脱水処理してデカンタケーキ等の材料となしてから充填するようにしても良い。なお、植生土壌３８の材料としては上記底泥の他に、山土、川砂等を用いても良い。また、篭体３２内に入れて礫地盤２９を形成する材料としては、上記割栗石３０の他にコンクリート塊やカキ殻等のリサイクル材を用いても良い。   In addition, a space for inserting a vegetation sandbag 40 is further provided in the upper portion of the casing 32 filled with the walnut stone 30, and the vegetation sandbag 40 is loaded in the upper space. The peripheral side portion is restrained by the frame 45 and the net member 46 so that the mold is prevented from being deformed. The vegetation sandbag 40 may be filled with vegetation soil 38 in advance and then inserted into the upper space of the housing 32 and placed on the gravel ground 29. However, as shown in FIG. Only 36 may be inserted into the upper space and fixed and locked to the frame 45, and after dredging, the bottom mud may be sucked up by a pump or the like as vegetation soil 38 and filled through the pipe 48. Alternatively, when the water content of the bottom mud is high, the bottom mud may be classified and dehydrated using a screw decanter, a sand collector or the like to become a material such as a decanter cake, and then filled. In addition to the bottom mud, mountain soil, river sand, etc. may be used as the material for the vegetation soil 38. Further, as a material for forming the gravel ground 29 by being put in the housing 32, a recycled material such as a concrete lump or oyster shell may be used in addition to the above-mentioned cracked stone 30.

そして、この様な構成の水生植物帯２０にあっては、引き潮の際の低潮位時には、汽水域の水面位が植生土壌層２８を形成する植生土嚢４０よりも下方に低下して、礫地盤２９に形成した植生基盤２６の上側部が水面上に露出するので、植生土嚢４０内の排水が可及的に早く行われるようになり、しかも水面位の低下時には先ず下層の塩水が引けた後からその上層の淡水が植生土壌層２８を通過して下方に低下していくから、当該淡水層が植生土壌層２８内の塩水を洗い流すように機能して、植生土壌層２８には塩水が滞留し難くなる。また、排水性の良い礫地盤２９を適切な高さに容易に設置できるので、汽水域表層の淡水（厚さ数ｃｍ〜数十ｃｍ）に植生土壌層２８が接触する頻度を可及的に高める得る。このため、植生土壌層２８の塩分濃度が高まってしまうことを防止して、ヨシなどの水生植物の生育を図ることが可能となる。また、干潮時に植生土壌３８の底部を空気に触れさせることができるので、土壌の好気化を促進して、腐敗性の底泥等も植生土壌として有効に利用可能となし得る。   In the aquatic plant zone 20 having such a configuration, the water level in the brackish water area is lowered below the vegetation sandbag 40 forming the vegetation soil layer 28 at the time of low tide at the time of ebb tide. Since the upper part of the vegetation base 26 formed in 29 is exposed on the water surface, the drainage in the vegetation sandbag 40 can be performed as soon as possible, and when the water surface level is lowered, the lower salt water is first drawn. Since the fresh water in the upper layer passes through the vegetation soil layer 28 and decreases downward, the fresh water layer functions to wash away the salt water in the vegetation soil layer 28, and salt water stays in the vegetation soil layer 28. It becomes difficult to do. In addition, since the gravel ground 29 with good drainage can be easily installed at an appropriate height, the frequency of the vegetation soil layer 28 contacting the fresh water (thickness of several centimeters to several tens of centimeters) of the brackish water surface layer as much as possible. Get enhanced. For this reason, it is possible to prevent the salinity concentration of the vegetation soil layer 28 from increasing and to grow aquatic plants such as reeds. Moreover, since the bottom part of the vegetation soil 38 can be exposed to air at low tide, the aerobicization of the soil can be promoted, and the septic bottom mud can be effectively used as the vegetation soil.

また、植生土壌層２８を形成する植生土嚢４０は袋体３６の周側面３６ａと底面３６ｂとに目あいの細かい織布４２が使用されているので、充填した植生土壌３８の土壌粒子が排水時に流出して失われることがなく、土壌の流失防止機能を備えた植生土壌層２８を容易に造成することができる。そして、植生土嚢４０の袋体３６の周側面３６ａと底面３６ｂとには目あいの細かい織布４２を使用する一方、上面３６ｃには目あいの粗い不織布４４を使用することで、排水による土壌３８の流失を防止でき、しかも種々の水生植物の育成を図れて、かつ植生土壌３８の波や水流などによる浸食も防止できる植生用土嚢４０を容易に実現できる。   Further, the vegetation sandbag 40 forming the vegetation soil layer 28 uses fine woven fabric 42 on the peripheral side surface 36a and the bottom surface 36b of the bag body 36, so that the soil particles of the filled vegetation soil 38 flow out during drainage. Therefore, the vegetation soil layer 28 having a function of preventing soil loss can be easily created. The woven fabric 42 of the vegetation sandbag 40 uses the fine woven fabric 42 on the peripheral side surface 36a and the bottom surface 36b, while the upper surface 36c uses the non-woven fabric 44 having a coarse mesh, so The vegetation sandbag 40 can be easily realized which can prevent the loss of water and can grow various aquatic plants and can also prevent the vegetation soil 38 from being eroded by waves and water currents.

また、下部に礫地盤２９の排水層があるので、底泥等の脱水性も向上し安定した植生土壌層２８を提供し得る。さらに、植生土嚢４０は袋体３６の上面に目あいの粗い不織布４４を使用して植生土壌３８の上表面を覆うようにしているので、種々の水生植物の新芽や茎が容易に伸長し得るばかりか、充填した植生土壌３８の底泥が波や水流によって浸食される虞がない。ここで、植栽土嚢４０の上面は上記不織布４４に加えて更に礫等で覆うようにするのがより好ましい。   In addition, since there is a drainage layer of gravel ground 29 at the lower part, dewaterability of bottom mud and the like is improved, and a stable vegetation soil layer 28 can be provided. Furthermore, since the vegetation sandbag 40 covers the upper surface of the vegetation soil 38 using a coarse nonwoven fabric 44 on the upper surface of the bag body 36, the shoots and stems of various aquatic plants can be easily extended. Moreover, there is no possibility that the bottom mud of the filled vegetation soil 38 is eroded by waves or water currents. Here, the upper surface of the planting sandbag 40 is more preferably covered with gravel or the like in addition to the nonwoven fabric 44.

また、予め汽水域の所定の構築予定エリアの施工位置に篭体３２等のフレーム構造物を設置して植生基盤２６を形成し、この植生基盤２６上に植生土嚢４０を縦横に敷設配置していくことで、礫地盤２９でなる植生基盤２６や植生土壌層２８をその構築エリアの大小に合わせて容易に迅速に造成できる。また、この植生基盤２６上の植生土嚢４０設置箇所において、上記フレーム４５に植生土嚢４０の袋体３６の上端部等を固定係止して先行配置し、上面の不織布４４を開いてその内部に底泥等の植生土壌３８を充填し、爾後、当該植生土壌３８内に水生植物の苗や地下茎等を植え込んでから不織布を閉じるようにすることで、脱水処理後の袋体の吊り上げ・設置工を不要となし得、これにより更なる施工性の向上も図れる。また、高含水比の底泥等を使用する場合には、浚渫底泥等をスクリューデカンタで分級処理した後のデカンタケーキ等を用いるようにすれば、流動性を確保しつつ含水比を低くなし得るので、施工性が良く、かつ充填後の脱水による減容化率も低いものとなるので、出来形の変形も防げるようになる。   A vegetation base 26 is formed in advance by installing a frame structure such as a frame 32 at a construction position in a predetermined construction planned area in the brackish water area, and a vegetation sandbag 40 is laid and arranged vertically and horizontally on the vegetation base 26. By going, the vegetation base 26 and the vegetation soil layer 28 formed of the gravel ground 29 can be easily and quickly created according to the size of the construction area. In addition, at the place where the vegetation sandbag 40 is installed on the vegetation base 26, the upper end portion of the bag body 36 of the vegetation sandbag 40 is fixedly locked to the frame 45, and the nonwoven fabric 44 on the upper surface is opened to open the inside. After filling the vegetation soil 38 such as bottom mud, and then planting seedlings and underground stems of aquatic plants in the vegetation soil 38, the nonwoven fabric is closed, so that the bag body is lifted and installed after the dehydration treatment. Can be made unnecessary, thereby further improving the workability. In addition, when using bottom mud with high water content, etc., if the decanter cake after classifying the dredged bottom mud with a screw decanter is used, the water content can be kept low while ensuring fluidity. Therefore, the workability is good and the volume reduction rate by dehydration after filling is low, so that deformation of the finished shape can be prevented.

ここで、図１及び図３に示すように、上記水生植物帯２０には、汽水域に流れ込む河川２２の淡水を植生土壌層２８に導く淡水供給手段４９として導水路５０を設けるのが好ましい。図示例では、当該導水路５０は汽水域の満潮位の水面高さＨｈよりも高所となる河川の上流部に導入口５２ａを有するとともに、排出口５２ｂが水生植物帯２０の植生土壌層２８に臨む管路５２によって構成されており、当該管路５２は河川２２に沿ってその水中を這わされて設置されている。そして、この様な導水路５０を設ければ、潮の干満に拘わらず絶えず淡水を植生土壌層２８に導いて供給することができ、当該植生土壌層２８の塩分濃度を更に可及的に低く抑制し得る。   Here, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 3, the aquatic plant zone 20 is preferably provided with a water conduit 50 as fresh water supply means 49 that guides fresh water of the river 22 flowing into the brackish water area to the vegetation soil layer 28. In the illustrated example, the water conduit 50 has an inlet 52a in the upstream portion of the river that is higher than the water surface height Hh at the high tide level in the brackish water area, and the outlet 52b is the vegetation soil layer 28 of the aquatic plant zone 20. The pipe 52 is installed along the river 22 while being swept through the water. If such a water conduit 50 is provided, fresh water can be continuously introduced and supplied to the vegetation soil layer 28 regardless of the tides, and the salinity of the vegetation soil layer 28 can be made as low as possible. Can be suppressed.

また、図６と図７とに示すように、上記導水路５０の管路５２はその導入口５２ａの設置位置を河口近くに設定してその全長を短くすることも可能である。即ち、導入口５２ａを河口流域部の近辺に設定しても、満潮位からの引き潮時に、水生植物帯２０の植生土壌層２８に臨ませた排出口５２ｂの設置部位における潮位が導入口５２ａの設置部位の水面位よりも低くなれば、少なくとも当該干潮時の水頭圧を利用して植生土壌層２８に淡水を供給することが十分に可能である。   Further, as shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, the conduit 52 of the water conduit 50 can be shortened in its entire length by setting the installation position of the inlet 52 a near the river mouth. That is, even if the inlet 52a is set in the vicinity of the estuary basin, the tide level at the installation site of the outlet 52b facing the vegetation soil layer 28 of the aquatic plant zone 20 at the time of tide from the high tide level is that of the inlet 52a. If it becomes lower than the water surface level of an installation site | part, it will be possible to supply fresh water to the vegetation soil layer 28 at least using the water head pressure at the time of the said low tide.

なお、図示した実施形態では、導入路５０により河川２２の淡水を導くようにしているが、近辺に淡水の沼や池等があれば、当該沼や池等から淡水を導入するようにしても良いし、或いは雨水受け用の貯水池等を設置して当該貯水池から淡水を導入するようにしても良い。さらに、上述した実施形態では植生土嚢４０を載置する植生基盤２６には透水性のある礫地盤２９に形成してあるが、当該植生基盤２６には必ずしも透水性を付与しなくても、引き潮の干潮時に植生基盤２６の上面が低潮位の水面上に露出さえすれば、植生土壌層２８内の排水性を良好にして、塩水の排出を早く行えるようになるから、透水性のないコンクリートブロック等を敷設することで植生基盤２６を構築するようにしても、なんら支障が生じることはない。   In the illustrated embodiment, fresh water of the river 22 is guided by the introduction channel 50. However, if there is a freshwater swamp or pond in the vicinity, fresh water may be introduced from the swamp or pond. Alternatively, a reservoir for receiving rainwater may be installed, and fresh water may be introduced from the reservoir. Further, in the above-described embodiment, the vegetation base 26 on which the vegetation sandbag 40 is placed is formed on the gravel ground 29 having water permeability. As long as the upper surface of the vegetation base 26 is exposed to the low tide water surface at low tide, the drainage in the vegetation soil layer 28 is improved and salt water can be discharged quickly. Even if the vegetation base 26 is constructed by laying etc., there will be no trouble.

また、上述した実施形態では、コンクリート護岸２に沿って設けられる水生植物帯２０の形成に本発明の植生土嚢４０を採用する例を示しているが、本発明はこれに限定されることはなく、護岸から離間した沖合に浮島として水生植物帯を構築する場合にも適用し得る。さらに、上述した実施形態では、汽水域に造成する水生植物帯２０に本発明の植生用土嚢４０を採用する例を説明したが、本発明の植生用土嚢４０はこのような汽水域に限らず、淡水の湖沼や池、河川などの水辺に造成する水生植物帯にも適用可能であることは言うまでもない。   Moreover, in embodiment mentioned above, although the example which employ | adopts the vegetation sandbag 40 of this invention is shown for formation of the aquatic plant belt 20 provided along the concrete revetment 2, this invention is not limited to this. It can also be applied to the construction of aquatic plant zones as floating islands offshore from the revetment. Furthermore, although embodiment mentioned above demonstrated the example which employ | adopts the vegetation sandbag 40 of this invention for the aquatic plant belt 20 created in a brackish water area, the vegetation sandbag 40 of this invention is not restricted to such a brackish water area. Needless to say, the present invention can also be applied to aquatic plant belts created on the waterside of freshwater lakes, ponds, and rivers.

本発明に係る汽水域の水植物帯の概要を示す平面図である。It is a top view which shows the outline | summary of the water plant zone of the brackish water area which concerns on this invention. 図１中のII−II線矢視断面図である。It is the II-II arrow directional cross-sectional view in FIG. 図１中のIII−III線矢視断面図である。FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line III-III in FIG. 1. 植栽土嚢の縦断面図である。It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a planting sandbag. 篭体とその上側部に装填する植栽土嚢とを示す斜視図である。It is a perspective view which shows a housing and the planting sandbag loaded in the upper part. 淡水の導水路の他の実施携帯を示す平面図である。It is a top view showing other implementation carrying of a fresh water conduit. 図６中のVII−VII線矢視断面図であり、（ａ）は上げ潮時の状態を示す図、（ｂ）は引き潮時を示す図である。FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line VII-VII in FIG. 6, where (a) is a diagram illustrating a state during rising tide, and (b) is a diagram illustrating during tide. 従来の植生植物帯の縦断面図である。It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the conventional vegetation zone.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

２ コンクリート護岸 ２０ 水生植物帯
２２ 河川 ２４ 海
２６ 植生基盤 ２６ａ 植生基盤上面
２８ 植生土壌層 ２９ 礫地盤
３０ 割栗石 ３２ 篭体
３４ 水底地盤 ３６ 袋体
３６ａ 袋体周側面 ３６ｂ 袋体底面
３６ｃ 袋体上面 ３８ 植生土壌
４０ 植生土嚢 ４２ 織布
４４ 不織布 ４５ フレーム
４６ 網部材 ４９ 淡水供給手段
５０ 導水路 ５２ 管路
５２ａ 導入口 ５２ｂ 排出口 2 Concrete revetment 20 Aquatic plant zone 22 River 24 Sea 26 Vegetation base 26a Vegetation base upper surface 28 Vegetation soil layer 29 Gravel ground 30 Gravel stone 32 Housing 34 Submarine ground 36 Bag body 36a Bag body side surface 36b Bag body bottom surface 36c Bag body upper surface 38 Vegetation soil 40 Vegetation sandbag 42 Woven cloth 44 Non-woven fabric 45 Frame 46 Net member 49 Fresh water supply means 50 Water conduit 52 Pipe 52a Inlet 52b Discharge outlet

Claims (3)

ヨシなどの水生植物帯の造成に用いる篭体であって、
該篭体内には、水底地盤から所定の高さまで植生基盤が形成され、該植生基盤上には植生用の土嚢が充填されており、
該土嚢は、少なくとも周側面と底面とに土壌の流失を防止する目あいの細かい布が配され、上面には水生植物の新芽の通過や茎の成長を阻害しない目あいの粗い布が配された袋体の内部に植生土壌が充填されて形成されている、
ことを特徴とする水生植物帯の造成に用いる篭体。 A rod that is used to create aquatic plant belts such as reed
In the enclosure, a vegetation base is formed from the water bottom to a predetermined height, and the vegetation base is filled with a sandbag for vegetation,
The sandbag is a bag in which a fine cloth that prevents soil loss is disposed at least on the peripheral side surface and the bottom surface, and a coarse cloth that does not inhibit the passage of aquatic plant shoots and stem growth on the upper surface. The inside of the body is filled with vegetation soil ,
A rod used for the construction of an aquatic plant zone characterized by this. 前記袋体は、底面と周側面とが織布でなり、上面が不織布でなることを特徴とする請求項１記載の水生植物帯の造成に用いる篭体。 The bag body, bottom and peripheral side surface and is woven, Kagotai used for upper surface reclamation of aquatic vegetation according to claim 1, characterized in that a nonwoven fabric. 前記袋体は上面の布が開閉可能とされていることを特徴とする請求項１または２のいずれかに記載の水生植物帯の造成に用いる篭体。 The bag is Kagotai used for reclamation of aquatic vegetation according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the fabric of the upper surface is opened and closed.
JP2003342346A 2003-09-30 2003-09-30 A skeleton used to create aquatic plant belts Expired - Fee Related JP4063748B2 (en)

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