JP4054126B2 - Fabric made of core-sheath type long / short composite spun yarn - Google Patents

Description

【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、耐切創性、耐熱性に優れた芯鞘型長短複合紡績糸および該紡績糸からなるプリーツ性、防しわ性などの形態保持性に優れ、仕立て栄えの良好な布帛に関する。さらに詳しくは、切創、擦過溶融、火傷の危険の高い職場に用いられる防護被服やスポーツなどの過酷な環境下で着用に耐えうる防護被服素材に関する。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
近年では、作業効率化、高速化、省力化が進み、労働、交通災害の危険性が高くなり、人命尊重の観点から安全性向上が強く望まれている。一方スポーツにおいても多岐に渡り参加人数も増え活発になり、スノーボード、フィッシング、登山などのアウトドアスポーツへの参加人口の伸びが著しく、それにともないスポーツ衣料素材も従来以上に耐久性、機能性が要求されるようになり、特に、耐切創性、耐熱性などの機能性に優れ、プリーツ性、防しわ性、形態保持性などの審美性の優れたものが望まれている。また溶接や製鉄工場などで用いる耐熱作業服や消防服等においても高度の耐熱性が要求されている。
【０００３】
これに対して、耐切創性に優れ、耐熱性が高く、耐薬品性、糸強度が高い全芳香族ポリアミド繊維が幅広く用いられるている。例えばパラ系アラミド繊維１００％のフィラメント糸や紡績糸を部分的に用いて交織した実公平１−３６６００号公報や特公昭６２−２６９００号公報、特開平２−２９２０３６号公報などで提案されている。
【０００４】
これらはいずれも引裂抵抗性、耐切創性は向上するが、パラ系アラミド繊維は本質的に耐熱性繊維であるがため熱セット性が乏しく、縫製された衣服の仕立て栄え、着用中のプリーツの消去としわの発生という形態保持性が劣る欠点がある。これら欠点を解決するものとして、特開平３−８３０号公報では芯部にパラ系アラミド繊維、鞘部にポリエステル繊維を配置した芯鞘型複合紡績糸やポリエステル短繊維とパラ系アラミド短繊維の均一混紡として特開平６−２２０７３０号公報、ポリエステル短繊維と芳香族ポリアミド繊維とセルロース系繊維の均一混紡として特開平４−５０３４０号公報が提案されている。しかしながらこれらは、防護衣服の形態保持性は改善されるものの、布帛表面へのパラ系アラミド繊維の被覆が少なく、パラ系アラミド繊維１００％と比較すると耐切創性、耐熱性が劣っているのが現状である。
【０００５】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、上記従来技術の欠点を解決せんとするものであって、鞘成分は全芳香族ポリアミド短繊維で構成され、芯成分はポリエステルフィラメント糸で構成されてなり、耐切創、耐熱などの機能特性は鞘成分の全芳香族ポリアミド繊維が、仕立て栄え、プリーツ保持性、防しわ性などの形態保持性は芯成分のポリエステル繊維がはたすもので、炎や高温にさらされる作業である消防服や高熱作業服において耐熱性、耐切創性などの機能を充分に発揮し、仕立て栄え、プリーツ保持性、防しわ性などの形態保持性を持ち、審美性をも兼ね備えたスポーツ用衣料、耐熱作業服や消防服等の防護被服用素材を安定的に供給することのできる芯鞘型長短複合紡績糸およびそれを用いてなる布帛を提供せんとするものである。
【０００６】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記目的を達成するため本発明は、次の構成からなる。すなわち、
（１）芯鞘型長短複合紡績糸であって、鞘成分が単繊維繊度が０．５〜４．５デニールの全芳香族ポリアミド短繊維で構成され、芯成分がポリエステルフィラメント糸で構成され、複合糸の撚係数がＫ＝２．６〜６であり、かつポリエステル繊維の複合糸に占める割合が１０〜３５重量％である芯鞘型長短複合紡績糸を布帛重量の３０〜１００重量％の範囲で用いてなることを特徴とする布帛。
【０００７】
【０００８】
（２）前記芯鞘型長短複合紡績糸において、鞘成分の全芳香族ポリアミド短繊維がパラ系アラミド繊維であることを特徴とする前記（１）に記載の布帛。
【０００９】
（３）前記芯鞘型長短複合紡績糸において、鞘成分の全芳香族ポリアミド短繊維がメタ系アラミド繊維であることを特徴とする前記（１）に記載の布帛。
【００１０】
（４）前記芯鞘型長短複合紡績糸において、鞘成分の全芳香族ポリアミド短繊維がメタ系アラミド繊維とパラ系アラミド繊維の混紡品であることを特徴とする前記（１）に記載の布帛。
【００１１】
（５）前記芯鞘型長短複合紡績糸において、パラ系アラミド繊維がポリパラフェニレンテレフタルアミド繊維であることを特徴とする前記（２）または（４）に記載の布帛。
【００１２】
（６）前記（１）〜（５）のいずれかに記載の芯鞘型長短複合紡績糸を布帛重量の３０〜１００重量％の範囲で用いてなることを特徴とする布帛。
【００１３】
【発明の実施の形態】
このように本発明では、芯鞘型長短複合紡績糸の芯部にポリエステルフィラメント糸を配し、鞘部を全芳香族ポリアミド短繊維１００％を配し、ポリエステル繊維を全芳香族ポリアミド繊維で覆いポリエステル繊維の耐切創、耐熱の低さをカバーして、全芳香族ポリアミド繊維を複合糸表面に出すことにより、全芳香族ポリアミド繊維の機能性を十分に発揮させ、芯部のポリエステルフィラメント糸により、仕立て栄え、プリーツ保持性、防しわ性などの形態保持性を付与させるものである。
【００１４】
以下、本発明を詳細に説明する。
【００１５】
本発明の芯鞘型長短複合紡績糸は、全芳香族ポリアミド繊維の衣料用途使用の大きな欠点である仕立て栄え、プリーツ性、防しわ性などの形態保持性を持ち、審美性を備え、かつ全芳香族ポリアミド繊維の持つ機能特性を損なうことなく実現すべく鋭意検討し、全芳香族ポリアミド繊維の特徴である、耐切創性、耐熱性の機能を十分に発揮させるには、種々検討した結果、紡績糸、布帛の表面に全芳香族ポリアミド繊維を配置するのが効果が高く最適であることを見出したのである。また防護衣服の仕立て栄え、プリーツ保持性、防しわ性などの形態保持性を得るにはポリエステル繊維の優れた熱セット性を利用するのが効果が高く最適であり、いかに全芳香族ポリアミド繊維と混紡組み合わせるか種々検討した結果、紡績糸の中心部に配置して、外周部を全芳香族ポリアミド短繊維で覆うことで、ポリエステル繊維の耐切創、耐熱性の低さを防護し、かつポリエステル繊維の持つ熱セット性を十分発揮できることを見出したのである。
【００１６】
本発明の芯鞘型長短複合紡績糸は、芯成分をポリエステルフィラメント糸で構成され、複合糸に占める芯成分の割合が１０〜５０重量％の範囲で、かつ複合糸に占めるポリエステル繊維の割合が１０〜３５重量％で構成されるものである。ポリエステル繊維が１０重量％未満では防護衣服への満足する熱セット性、形態保持性を付与することができにくくなる。また、ポリエステル繊維が３５重量％を越えるとポリエステル繊維の弱点である耐切創、耐熱の低下が現われ、全芳香族ポリアミド繊維の優れた高機能特性を損なう。好ましくは連続糸条が複合糸に占める割合が１５〜４０重量％、複合加工性、熱セット性の面から、１５〜３０重量％の範囲がより好ましい。
【００１７】
一方、鞘成分は全芳香族ポリアミド短繊維１００重量％で構成されている。全芳香族ポリアミド短繊維の量が少ないと全芳香族ポリアミド繊維の優れた機能特性を十分に発揮させることができず好ましくない、また鞘成分の複合糸に占める割合は５０〜９０重量％の範囲が好ましい、５０重量％未満では芯成分のポリエステル繊維を鞘成分の全芳香族ポリアミド繊維で十分に覆うことが難しくなり、全芳香族ポリアミド繊維の優れた機能特性を十分に発揮させることができにくく好ましくない、９０重量％を越えると芯成部のポリエステル繊維の割合が低くなり十分な熱セット性が得られず好ましくない、好ましくは６５〜８０重量％である。
【００１８】
本発明で用いる全芳香族ポリアミド繊維は、パラ系アラミド繊維、メタ系アラミド繊維であることが好ましく、両繊維を任意の混紡率で混紡した混紡品であってもよく、あるいは各々１００％でも、要求される防護被服特性により選定するのが良い。
【００１９】
また、上記のパラ系アラミド繊維は、例えばポリパラフェニレンテレフタルアミド繊維やコポリパラフェニレン−３，４′オキシジフェニレンテレフタルアミド繊維があげられる。
【００２０】
また、上記のメタ系アラミド繊維は、例えばポリメタフェニレンイソフタルアミド繊維があげられる。
【００２１】
次に、上記芯鞘型長短複合紡績糸の鞘成分を構成する短繊維束について説明する。本発明において鞘成分を構成する短繊維束は、全芳香族ポリアミド短繊維を通常の短繊維紡績工程である打綿、梳綿、練条、粗紡、精紡などの工程を通すことにより得られるスライバーや粗糸からなる。また、繊維長を長くして（７６〜１６０ｍｍ）一般のソ毛紡績を通したスライバーや粗糸の短繊維束を作成してもよい、短繊維の繊度は０．５〜４．５デニールが好ましく０．８〜２．５デニールがより好ましい。繊維長については特に限定しないが紡績方法に合わせ最適な繊維長を選ぶのが良い。
【００２２】
芯成分を構成する連続糸条は、ポリエステルフィラメント糸であって、フィラメントカバリング糸を含み、フィラメント糸はモノフィラメント、マルチフィラメントいずれでも良いが、複合加工性、芯、鞘のずれ防止の観点からマルチフィラメント糸がより好ましい。
【００２３】
本発明の芯鞘型長短複合紡績糸の撚方向はＳ、Ｚいずれでも良く、撚係数Ｋ（撚数＝Ｋ・番手^１／２ ）は一般の紡績糸よりやや高めにするのが芯部を全芳香族ポリアミド短繊維で覆う点で好ましく、Ｋ＝２．６〜６．０の範囲が望ましい。撚係数Ｋを２．６より低くすると、芯、鞘の複合加工性が悪化し好ましくない。また、撚係数Ｋを６より高くすると強撚になりすぎて二重撚の発生が強くなって加工性が悪化し好ましくない。より好ましくはＫ＝３．０〜４．５の範囲である。
【００２４】
次に、本発明の芯鞘型長短複合紡績糸の製造方法について説明する。
【００２５】
製造方法は特に限定するものではないが、鞘成分の短繊維束がスライバーや粗糸の場合、例えば一対のテーパーローラーからなるフロントトップローラーおよびフロントボトムローラーを有するリング精紡機により、トランペットを介してバックローラー、エプロンローラーを経て、フロントローラーの送り出し量の高い側へ通し、芯成分の連続糸条をフロントローラーの送り出し量の低い側へガイドを介して通した後、短繊維束と同時にフロントローラーより紡出し、連続糸条を中心に短繊維束が実撚付与時に順時巻回され、芯成部の連続糸条をこより状に包み込む状態で糸形成させることにより得ることができる。
【００２６】
図１は、本発明の芯鞘型長短複合紡績糸の製造方法の一例を示す工程図である。精紡機のドラフト、加撚の概要を示すもので、精紡機に供給される短繊維束１がトランペット３を介してバックローラー４に供給され、エプロンドラフトローラー５を経て一対のテーパーフロントローラー６の送り出し量の高い側（径の大きい側）に把持される。一方、連続糸条２はフロントローラーの送り出し量の低い側（径の小さい側）へガイド７を介して供給する。フロントローラーに把持され出てきた両成分を間隔３〜１５ｍｍの範囲にとり合体させ、リング、トラベラで実撚を付与し通常の方法で管糸に巻き取る。
【００２７】
本発明の芯鞘型長短複合紡績糸は、該紡績糸中に占める鞘成分の全芳香族ポリアミド短繊維の割合が５０〜９０重量％であり、全芳香族ポリアミド短繊維束と連続糸条のポリエステルフィラメント糸の構成比率を適宜設定することによって本発明の芯鞘型長短複合紡績糸を得ることができる。
【００２８】
芯、鞘両繊維糸条の合体時の間隔は両成分の送り出し量の差、すなわち短繊維束の巻回状態を変えるものであり、重なり状態や複合糸の物性をみて決めるのがよい。
【００２９】
次に、本発明の芯鞘型長短複合紡績糸を単糸あるいは双糸として、織、編物加工してもよく、該糸１００％使いでも良いが、フィラメント、加工糸、弾性繊維などとの交編、交織さらには、耐熱、耐切創が要求される特定の部分に本発明紡績糸を用い、常法により織、編物製品を得ることができるが、織、編物製品全体の重量の３０〜１００％の範囲で用いてなるものである。上記本発明の紡績糸が織、編物など製品全体の重量の３０％未満ではたとえ特定の部分に本発明糸を用いても十分な耐切創性、耐熱性が得られない。好ましくは織、編物など製品全体の重量の５０〜１００％の範囲である。
【００３０】
【実施例】
以下、実施例をあげて、本発明をさらに具体的に説明する。なお、実施例における特性値等の測定法は次の通りである。
＜切創抵抗力＞
枠体の中央部に約３ｍｍの間隔で２枚の試料シートを把持し、この試料シートのスリット部に角度６０度で２辺に刃のあるセラミックス製の刃を垂直に立てて当て、この刃先に５００ｍｍ／分の速度で荷重をかけていったときの該試料シートが切創される最大荷重を測定する。
＜プリーツ性＞
織、編物のタテ方向に長さ２５ｃｍの試料を切り取り、長さ方向５ｃｍ間隔で印をつけ（４箇所）中央部の１５ｃｍを折り込み、５ｃｍの長さで試料が３重になるように折り、通常のプレス機でプレス温度１４０℃、プレス圧力０．５ｋｇ／ｃｍ^２ で１０秒間プレスしたのちバキューム処理を１０分間行い試料を冷却する。プリーツ性（プリーツのつき方）は肉眼で級判定した。判定基準を下記する。（５級：非常にシャープなプリーツ、４級：シャープなプリーツ、３級：プリーツがある、２級：プリーツが少しある、１級：プリーツがほとんどない、）
＜プリーツ保持性＞
プリーツ性を評価した試料を用いＪＩＳ Ｌ０２１７−１０３法にもとずき洗濯後試料のプリーツ性を評価した、結果をプリーツ保持性として級判定した。
＜難溶融性（熱溶融性）＞
５００℃に加熱された金属棒（直径約０．６ｃｍ）の先端に試料を５秒間接触させた時の穴開きの程度を５級（穴開きなし）〜１級（完全に穴が開く）の５段階で級判定する。
＜布帛風合い（官能評価）＞布帛を次の４段階に官能評価した。（◎：ソフトでふくらみがあり適度の張り、腰があるもの、○：これに準ずる良好なもの、△：ソフト感、ふくらみに欠け、硬く劣るもの、×：粗硬で劣るもの）。
［実施例１〜３、比較例１〜４］
鞘成分の短繊維糸条として、繊度１．５ｄ、繊維長５１ｍｍの引張強度２３ｇ／ｄ、破断伸度３．７％、熱分解温度５００℃のパラ系アラミド短繊維〔東レ・デュポン（株）製“ケブラー”（デュポン社登録商標）〕１００％を通常の２インチ紡績方法で、太さ０．３ｇ／ｍの粗糸を作成した。芯成分として連続糸条であるポリエステルマルチフィラメント糸〔東レ（株）製“テトロン”（登録商標）〕、９０、７０、６０、４０、２０、１０デニール各々を用い、一対のフロントテーパーローラーを有する２インチリング精紡機に仕掛け、短繊維糸条の粗糸をトランペットを通してフロントローラーの送り出し量の高い側へバックローラーから供給し、フロントローラーの送り出し量の低い供給側へ連続糸条のポリエステルマルチフィラメント糸をガイドを通して供給した。精紡トータルドラフト３１．１〜１６．２倍で、芯鞘型長短複合紡績糸の番手を３０ｓ（綿番手）、撚係数はＫ＝３．５（１９．２Ｔ／ｉｎ）Ｚ撚りとした。両糸条の間隔を５ｍｍになるようにトランペットとガイドの間隔およびコレクターで調整した後ドラフトし合体させ通常の方法で管糸に巻き取り、鞘成分のパラ系アラミド繊維が複合糸に占める割合が４９．２、６０．５、６６．１、７７．４、８８．７、９４．４％の６種（比較例１、比較例２、実施例１〜３、比較例３）ポリエステル繊維の複合糸に占める割合が５０．８％、３９．５％、３３．９％、２２．６％、１１．３％、５．６％であった。
【００３１】
また、比較例４として芯成分の連続糸条をパラ系アラミド繊維１００％の６０ｓ、Ｋ＝３．０、鞘成分として、パラ系アラミド繊維１００％、０．４ｇ／ｍの粗糸を作成して実施例１と同様にして、パラ系アラミド繊維１００％、３０ｓ、Ｋ＝３．５の複合糸を得た。
【００３２】
これら各種複合糸１００％使いで平織物を作成した、織成に際して経糸には糊剤を付与した、織密度は経糸７８本／ｉｎ、緯糸６５本／ｉｎ、織幅９８ｃｍを作成後、パラ系アラミド繊維の織物表面への出現状態（被覆状態）、耐切創性、耐熱性、プリーツ性を評価した。
【００３３】
表１に示すように複合糸に占めるポリエステル繊維の割合が５０．８％の比較例１と３９．５％の比較例２、プリーツ性、防しわ性などの形態保持性は良好であるが、複合糸に占める芯成分のポリエステル繊維の混率が高くパラ系アラミド繊維による被覆不足により、パラ系アラミド繊維の特性が十分に発揮できず、耐切創性、耐熱性などの高機能性が劣るものであった。複合糸に占めるパラ系アラミド繊維の割合が９４．４％の比較例３、１００％の比較例４の複合糸はパラ系アラミド繊維の特性、すなわち耐切創性、耐熱性は発揮されるが複合糸中のポリエステル繊維の割合が５．６％と０％と少なく、プリーツ保持性などの形態保持性が劣るものであった。本発明の実施例１〜３は複合糸に占めるパラ系アラミド繊維の混紡率が高く、ポリエステル繊維の被覆性が良く、糸、織物表面をパラ系アラミド繊維が覆いパラ系アラミド繊維の特性を発揮し、プリーツ保持性などの形態保持性をも兼ね備えた良好なものであった。
［実施例４、比較例５］
鞘成分の短繊維束として、繊度１．５ｄ、繊維長３８ｍｍのパラ系アラミド短繊維ケブラーと、繊度１．５ｄ、繊維長３８ｍｍのメタ系アラミド短繊維［デュポン社製“ノーメックス”（登録商標）］を５０／５０％（実施例６）の比率で混紡したものを通常の綿紡績方法で、太さ０．３ｇ／ｍの粗糸を作成し、実施例１と同様にポリエステルマルチフィラメント糸６０デニールを芯成分として複合加工してポリエステル繊維の複合糸に占める割合が３３．９％の３０ｓ、Ｋ＝３．５の複合糸を得た。
【００３４】
また、実施例４のパラ系アラミド短繊維“ケブラー”を、繊度６ｄ、繊維長８９ｍｍ、メタ系アラミド短繊維“ノーメックス”を繊度１．５ｄ、繊維長７６ｍｍにして５０／５０％（比較例５）の比率で混紡し、実施例１と同様に複合加工してポリエステル繊維の複合糸に占める割合が３３．９％の３０ｓ、Ｋ＝３．５の複合糸を得て実施例１と同様に織物に加工後布帛評価し、結果を表１に示した。
【００３５】
パラ系アラミド繊維の単繊維デニールを６デニールにした比較例５は、耐熱、耐切創などの機能性、プリーツ性などの形態保持は良好であるが、布帛が粗硬で防護衣服としては劣るものであった。“ケブラー”と“ノーメックス”１．５ｄ、３８ｍｍをそれぞれ、５０／５０％混紡した実施例４は全芳香族ポリアミド繊維の特性である耐熱性、耐切創性などの高機能特性を十分に発揮し、プリーツ性などの形態保持性をも兼ね備え、布帛がソフトでしなやかで防護被服に適した優れた布帛であった。
［比較例６、比較例７］
芯、鞘成分繊維および混紡率、複合方法を実施例１と同様にして、撚係数をＫ＝２．５（１３．７Ｔ／ｉｎ）にした比較例６、Ｋ＝６．２（３４．０Ｔ／ｉｎ）の比較例７の複合糸を作成した、撚係数Ｋ＝２．５の比較例６は複合加工後の巻糸工程におけるガイド類による擦過により芯成分だけとなるヌードヤーンの発生が起こり好ましくなかった。Ｋ＝６．２の比較例７は精紡工程における複合加工において二重撚りの発生が起こり、異常張力によるトラベラー飛散、糸切れが起こり好ましくなく両水準ともに評価水準より削除した。
［実施例５〜６、参考例１］
実施例１の３０ｓ複合紡績糸を織物全体重量の２５％（参考例１）、３０％（実施例５）、１００％（実施例６）になるように経糸、緯糸に均一に用い平織地を作成した、ベース糸としてポリエステル６５％木綿３５％（米綿コーマ綿）３０ｓ、Ｋ＝３．４を用い、織成に際して経糸には糊剤を付与した。織密度は経糸７８本／ｉｎ、緯糸６５本／ｉｎであり織幅９８ｃｍのものであった、布帛評価結果を表２に示した。
【００３６】
本発明糸を２５％使用した参考例１はプリーツ保持性などの形態保持性は良好であったが、耐熱、耐切創の全芳香族ポリアミド繊維の高機能特性が劣るものであった。実施例５、実施例６は全芳香族ポリアミド繊維の高機能特性を十分に発揮し、プリーツ性などの形態保持性をも兼ね備えた優れた布帛であった。
【００３７】
また実施例５、実施例６の布帛をスラックスに仕立て、仕立て栄えを目視評価した、ポリエステルフィラメント糸の持つシャープなプリーツであり、仕立て栄えの良さが現われた良好なスラックスであり着用評価を１０名にて実施した結果耐熱性、耐切創性はもちろんプリーツ保持性も良好であり好評を得た。
【００３８】
【表１】

【００３９】
【表２】

【００４０】
【発明の効果】
以上のごとく、本発明の芯鞘型長短複合紡績糸および布帛は、芯部を構成するポリエステルフィラメント糸からなる連続糸条を、鞘部を構成する全芳香族ポリアミド短繊維で被覆させることにより、全芳香族ポリアミド繊維の持つ耐切創性、耐熱性、などの優れた高機能特性を損なうことなく、全芳香族ポリアミド繊維の持つ欠点であるプリーツ性、防しわ性などの形態保持性を大幅に改善して高機能特性の要求される消防服、作業服等の防護被服用分野やアウトドアスポーツ衣料に好適な布帛を提供することができるものである。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】本発明の芯鞘型長短複合紡績糸の製造方法の一例を示す工程図である。
【符号の説明】
１：短繊維束
２：連続糸条
３：トランペット
４：バックローラー
５：エプロンドラフトローラー
６：テーパーフロントローラー
７：ガイド[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a core-sheath-type long / short composite spun yarn excellent in cut resistance and heat resistance, and to a fabric having excellent shape retention such as pleats and wrinkle resistance and good tailoring. More specifically, the present invention relates to protective clothing used in workplaces with high risk of cutting, scuffing and burns, and protective clothing material that can withstand wearing in harsh environments such as sports.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In recent years, work efficiency, speeding up, and labor saving have progressed, the risk of labor and traffic accidents has increased, and there is a strong demand for improving safety from the viewpoint of respect for human life. On the other hand, the number of participants in sports is also increasing and becoming active, and the number of people participating in outdoor sports such as snowboarding, fishing, and mountaineering is growing significantly, and accordingly, sports clothing materials are required to be more durable and functional than before. In particular, it is desired to have excellent functionality such as cut resistance and heat resistance, and excellent aesthetics such as pleating property, wrinkle resistance, and shape retention. High heat resistance is also required for heat-resistant work clothes and fire-fighting clothes used in welding and steel factories.
[0003]
On the other hand, wholly aromatic polyamide fibers having excellent cut resistance, high heat resistance, chemical resistance and high yarn strength are widely used. For example, it has been proposed in Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 1-36600, Japanese Examined Patent Publication No. 62-26900, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. Hei 2-292036, etc., in which weaving is partially performed using 100% para-aramid fiber and spun yarn. .
[0004]
All of these improve tear resistance and cut resistance, but para-aramid fibers are essentially heat-resistant fibers, so they have poor heat-setting properties. There is a disadvantage that the form retention property of erasure and wrinkle generation is poor. In order to solve these drawbacks, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 3-830 discloses a uniform sheath-core composite spun yarn in which a para-aramid fiber is disposed in the core and a polyester fiber is disposed in the sheath, and a uniform polyester short fiber and para-aramid short fiber. JP-A-6-220730 has been proposed as a blend, and JP-A-4-50340 has been proposed as a uniform blend of polyester short fibers, aromatic polyamide fibers and cellulosic fibers. However, although the shape retention of protective clothing is improved, there is little coating of para-aramid fibers on the surface of the fabric, and the cut resistance and heat resistance are inferior compared to 100% of para-aramid fibers. Currently.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention is to solve the above-mentioned disadvantages of the prior art, wherein the sheath component is composed of wholly aromatic polyamide short fibers, and the core component is composed of polyester filament yarns, such as cut resistance and heat resistance. The functional property is fully aromatic polyamide fiber as sheath component, and the shape retention such as pleat retention and wrinkle resistance is made by polyester fiber as core component, and fire fighting clothing is an operation exposed to flame and high temperature In sports clothing and heat-resistant work that fully exhibits functions such as heat resistance and cut resistance in high-heat work clothes and high-heat work clothes, has tailored prosperity, pleat retention, wrinkle resistance, and other aesthetic features. An object of the present invention is to provide a core-sheath type long / short composite spun yarn capable of stably supplying a material for protective clothing such as clothing and fire fighting clothing, and a fabric using the same.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention comprises the following arrangement. That is,
(1) A core-sheath-type long / short composite spun yarn, the sheath component is composed of wholly aromatic polyamide short fibers having a single fiber fineness of 0.5 to 4.5 denier, and the core component is composed of a polyester filament yarn, The core-sheath type short / long composite spun yarn having a twist coefficient of the composite yarn of K = 2.6 to 6 and a ratio of the polyester fiber to the composite yarn of 10 to 35% by weight is 30 to 100% by weight of the fabric weight. A fabric characterized by being used in a range.
[0007]
[0008]
(2) In the above core-sheath-type long and short composite yarn, fabric according to (1), wherein the wholly aromatic polyamide staple fibers of the sheath component is a para-aramid fiber.
[0009]
(3) The fabric according to (1), wherein in the core-sheath-type long / short composite spun yarn, the fully aromatic polyamide short fiber of the sheath component is a meta-aramid fiber.
[0010]
(4) The fabric according to (1), wherein in the core-sheath-type long / short composite spun yarn, the wholly aromatic polyamide short fiber of the sheath component is a blend of a meta-aramid fiber and a para-aramid fiber. .
[0011]
(5) The fabric according to (2) or (4), wherein in the core-sheath type long / short composite spun yarn, the para-aramid fiber is a polyparaphenylene terephthalamide fiber.
[0012]
(6) A fabric comprising the core-sheath-type long / short composite spun yarn according to any one of (1) to (5) in a range of 30 to 100% by weight of the fabric weight.
[0013]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
As described above, in the present invention, the polyester filament yarn is arranged in the core portion of the core-sheath type long / short composite spun yarn, the sheath portion is arranged with 100% wholly aromatic polyamide short fiber, and the polyester fiber is covered with wholly aromatic polyamide fiber. Covering the cut resistance and low heat resistance of the polyester fiber, the fully aromatic polyamide fiber is put out on the surface of the composite yarn, so that the functionality of the fully aromatic polyamide fiber is fully exerted, and the polyester filament yarn at the core part It is intended to impart form-holding properties such as tailoring, pleat-holding properties, and wrinkle-proofing properties.
[0014]
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.
[0015]
The core-sheath type short / long composite spun yarn of the present invention has a shape retention property such as tailoring, pleatability, and wrinkle resistance, which is a major drawback in the use of wholly aromatic polyamide fibers in clothing, has aesthetics, and As a result of various investigations in order to make full use of the functions of cut resistance and heat resistance, which are the characteristics of wholly aromatic polyamide fibers, we have intensively studied to realize the functional properties of aromatic polyamide fibers without impairing them. It has been found that it is highly effective and optimal to dispose wholly aromatic polyamide fibers on the surface of the spun yarn and the fabric. In addition, it is highly effective to use the excellent heat-setting property of polyester fiber to obtain the shape retention of protective clothing, pleat retention, wrinkle resistance, etc. As a result of various examinations on blending and combining, the polyester fiber is placed at the center of the spun yarn, and the outer periphery is covered with a wholly aromatic polyamide short fiber to protect the polyester fiber from cut resistance and low heat resistance. It has been found that the heat setting property of can be fully demonstrated.
[0016]
The core-sheath type short / long composite spun yarn of the present invention is composed of a polyester filament yarn as a core component, the proportion of the core component in the composite yarn is in the range of 10 to 50% by weight, and the proportion of the polyester fiber in the composite yarn is It is comprised by 10 to 35 weight%. If the polyester fiber is less than 10% by weight, it is difficult to provide satisfactory heat setting properties and form retention to the protective clothing. On the other hand, when the polyester fiber exceeds 35% by weight, the cut resistance and heat resistance, which are weak points of the polyester fiber, appear, and the excellent high-functional properties of the wholly aromatic polyamide fiber are impaired. The ratio of the continuous yarn to the composite yarn is preferably 15 to 40% by weight, and more preferably in the range of 15 to 30% by weight from the viewpoint of composite workability and heat setting.
[0017]
On the other hand, the sheath component is composed of 100% by weight of wholly aromatic polyamide short fibers. When the amount of the short total aromatic polyamide fiber is small, the excellent functional properties of the fully aromatic polyamide fiber cannot be sufficiently exhibited, and the ratio of the sheath component to the composite yarn is in the range of 50 to 90% by weight. Preferably, if it is less than 50% by weight, it is difficult to sufficiently cover the polyester fiber of the core component with the fully aromatic polyamide fiber of the sheath component, and it is difficult to fully exhibit the excellent functional characteristics of the fully aromatic polyamide fiber. If it exceeds 90% by weight, the ratio of the polyester fiber in the core portion is lowered, and sufficient heat setting properties cannot be obtained, which is not preferable, preferably 65 to 80% by weight.
[0018]
The wholly aromatic polyamide fiber used in the present invention is preferably a para-aramid fiber and a meta-aramid fiber, and may be a blended product in which both fibers are blended at an arbitrary blending rate, or each may be 100%, It should be selected according to the required protective clothing characteristics.
[0019]
Examples of the para-aramid fiber include polyparaphenylene terephthalamide fiber and copolyparaphenylene-3,4'oxydiphenylene terephthalamide fiber.
[0020]
Examples of the meta-aramid fiber include polymetaphenylene isophthalamide fiber.
[0021]
Next, the short fiber bundle constituting the sheath component of the core-sheath type long / short composite spun yarn will be described. In the present invention, the short fiber bundle constituting the sheath component is obtained by passing the wholly aromatic polyamide short fibers through the normal short fiber spinning process such as cotton cutting, carding, kneading, roving, and fine spinning. Consists of sliver and roving yarn. In addition, the fiber length may be increased (76 to 160 mm) to produce a short fiber bundle of sliver or roving thread that passes through a general woolen spinning, and the fineness of the short fiber is 0.5 to 4.5 denier 0.8 to 2.5 denier is preferable. The fiber length is not particularly limited, but it is preferable to select an optimum fiber length according to the spinning method.
[0022]
The continuous yarn constituting the core component is a polyester filament yarn and includes a filament covering yarn. The filament yarn may be either a monofilament or a multifilament, but from the viewpoint of composite workability and prevention of slippage of the core and sheath, the multifilament Yarn is more preferred.
[0023]
The twisting direction of the core-sheath type long / short composite spun yarn of the present invention may be either S or Z, and the twist coefficient K (twist number = K · count ^1/2) ) Is preferably slightly higher than that of general spun yarn in that the core is covered with wholly aromatic polyamide short fibers, and a range of K = 2.6 to 6.0 is desirable. When the twist coefficient K is lower than 2.6, the composite processability of the core and the sheath is deteriorated, which is not preferable. On the other hand, if the twisting factor K is higher than 6, it is not preferable because the twist becomes too strong and the occurrence of double twist becomes strong and the workability deteriorates. More preferably, it is the range of K = 3.0-4.5.
[0024]
Next, a method for producing the core-sheath type long / short composite spun yarn of the present invention will be described.
[0025]
Although the production method is not particularly limited, when the short fiber bundle of the sheath component is a sliver or a roving yarn, for example, by a ring spinning machine having a front top roller and a front bottom roller composed of a pair of tapered rollers, through a trumpet. After passing through the back roller and apron roller, the front roller is fed to the higher feed amount side, the continuous thread of the core component is passed through the guide to the lower front roller feed amount side, and the front roller is simultaneously with the short fiber bundle. Further, the short fiber bundle is wound around the continuous yarn at the time of applying the real twist, and the yarn is formed in a state of wrapping the continuous yarn in the core forming portion in a twisted shape.
[0026]
FIG. 1 is a process diagram showing an example of a method for producing a core-sheath type long / short composite spun yarn of the present invention. An outline of draft and twisting of a spinning machine is shown. A short fiber bundle 1 supplied to a spinning machine is supplied to a back roller 4 through a trumpet 3 and passed through an apron draft roller 5 and a pair of tapered front rollers 6. It is gripped by the side with the higher feed amount (the side with the larger diameter). On the other hand, the continuous yarn 2 is supplied via the guide 7 to the side where the feed amount of the front roller is low (the side where the diameter is small). The two components gripped by the front roller are combined in a range of 3 to 15 mm, and a real twist is imparted by a ring and a traveler, and wound around a tube thread by a normal method.
[0027]
In the core-sheath-type long / short composite spun yarn of the present invention, the ratio of the total aromatic polyamide short fiber of the sheath component in the spun yarn is 50 to 90% by weight, and the total aromatic polyamide short fiber bundle and the continuous yarn The core-sheath type long / short composite spun yarn of the present invention can be obtained by appropriately setting the constituent ratio of the polyester filament yarn.
[0028]
The interval when the core and sheath fiber yarns are united changes the difference in the feed amount of both components, that is, changes the winding state of the short fiber bundle, and should be determined in view of the overlapping state and the physical properties of the composite yarn.
[0029]
Next, the core-sheath type long / short composite spun yarn of the present invention may be woven or knitted as a single yarn or twin yarn, and 100% of the yarn may be used, but it may be exchanged with filaments, processed yarns, elastic fibers, etc. Weaving and knitting products can be obtained by a conventional method using the spun yarn of the present invention at a specific part where heat resistance and cut resistance are required, but the weight of the entire woven or knitted product is 30 to 100. % In the range. If the spun yarn of the present invention is less than 30% of the total weight of the product such as woven or knitted fabric, sufficient cut resistance and heat resistance cannot be obtained even if the yarn of the present invention is used in a specific part. Preferably, it is in the range of 50 to 100% of the weight of the entire product such as woven fabric or knitted fabric.
[0030]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to examples. In addition, the measuring methods, such as a characteristic value in an Example, are as follows.
<Cut resistance>
The two sample sheets are held at the center of the frame at an interval of about 3 mm, and a ceramic blade with blades on two sides at an angle of 60 degrees is vertically applied to the slit portion of the sample sheet. The maximum load at which the sample sheet is cut when a load is applied at a speed of 500 mm / min is measured.
<Pleated properties>
Cut out a 25 cm long sample in the warp and knitted warp direction, mark it at 5 cm intervals in the length direction (4 places), fold 15 cm in the center, and fold the sample so that it is triple with a length of 5 cm. With a normal press, the press temperature is 140 ° C., the press pressure is 0.5 kg / cm ² After pressing for 10 seconds, vacuum treatment is performed for 10 minutes to cool the sample. The pleatability (how to attach pleats) was determined with the naked eye. The judgment criteria are as follows. (5th grade: very sharp pleats, 4th grade: sharp pleats, 3rd grade: there are pleats, 2nd grade: a little pleats, 1st grade: almost no pleats)
<Pleated retention>
The pleatability of the sample after washing was evaluated based on the JIS L0217-103 method using the sample evaluated for pleatability, and the result was classified as a pleat retention property.
<Hard meltability (heat meltability)>
The degree of hole opening when a sample is brought into contact with the tip of a metal rod (diameter: about 0.6 cm) heated to 500 ° C. for 5 seconds is from class 5 (no hole opening) to class 1 (completely open). The grade is judged in 5 stages.
<Fabric texture (sensory evaluation)> The fabric was subjected to sensory evaluation in the following four stages. (◎: soft, swelled and moderately tensioned, waisted, ○: good according to this, △: soft feeling, lack of bulge, hard and inferior, ×: coarse and inferior)
[Examples 1 to 3, Comparative Examples 1 to 4]
As a short fiber yarn of sheath component, a para-aramid short fiber having a fineness of 1.5 d, a fiber length of 51 mm, a tensile strength of 23 g / d, a breaking elongation of 3.7%, and a thermal decomposition temperature of 500 ° C. [Toray DuPont Co., Ltd. "Kevlar" (registered trademark of DuPont)] was produced by a usual 2-inch spinning method to produce a roving yarn having a thickness of 0.3 g / m. Polyester multifilament yarn ("TETORON" (registered trademark) manufactured by Toray Industries, Inc.), 90, 70, 60, 40, 20, 10 denier each as a core component, and a pair of front taper rollers A 2-inch ring spinning machine is used to feed the coarse yarn of short fiber yarn through the trumpet from the back roller to the high feed amount side of the front roller, and the continuous yarn polyester multifilament to the feed side of the low feed amount of the front roller. Yarn was fed through the guide. The total draft was 31.1 to 16.2 times, the core-sheath type long / short composite spun yarn had a count of 30 s (cotton count), and the twist coefficient was K = 3.5 (19.2 T / in) Z twist. After adjusting the distance between the trumpet and the guide and the collector so that the distance between the two yarns is 5 mm, it is drafted and coalesced and wound around the pipe thread by a normal method. The ratio of the para-aramid fiber of the sheath component to the composite thread is 69.2%, 60.5, 66.1, 77.4, 88.7, 94.4% (Comparative Example 1, Comparative Example 2, Examples 1-3, Comparative Example 3) Polyester fiber composite The proportion of the yarn was 50.8%, 39.5%, 33.9%, 22.6%, 11.3%, 5.6%.
[0031]
Further, as Comparative Example 4, a continuous yarn of a core component is made of 100% para-aramid fiber 60s, K = 3.0, and a sheath component is made of 100% para-aramid fiber, 0.4 g / m of roving yarn. In the same manner as in Example 1, a composite yarn of 100% para-aramid fiber, 30 s, and K = 3.5 was obtained.
[0032]
A plain woven fabric was created using 100% of these various composite yarns. A paste was added to the warp during weaving. The weave density was 78 warps / in, 65 wefts / in, and a weft width of 98 cm. Appearance state (covered state) of aramid fibers on the fabric surface, cut resistance, heat resistance and pleatability were evaluated.
[0033]
As shown in Table 1, the ratio of the polyester fiber to the composite yarn is 50.8% in Comparative Example 1 and 39.5% in Comparative Example 2, and pleatability, shape retention properties such as wrinkle resistance are good, Due to the high mixing ratio of polyester fiber as the core component in the composite yarn and insufficient coverage with para-aramid fibers, the characteristics of para-aramid fibers cannot be fully exhibited, and high functionality such as cut resistance and heat resistance is inferior. there were. The composite yarns of Comparative Example 3 in which the proportion of para-aramid fibers in the composite yarn is 94.4% and Comparative Example 4 in which 100% is comparative are the composite properties of para-aramid fibers, that is, cut resistance and heat resistance, but are composite. The proportion of polyester fiber in the yarn was as low as 5.6% and 0%, and the shape retention such as pleat retention was poor. Examples 1 to 3 of the present invention have a high blend ratio of para-aramid fibers in the composite yarn, good coverage of the polyester fibers, and para-aramid fibers cover the yarn and fabric surfaces to demonstrate the characteristics of para-aramid fibers. In addition, it was a good one having both pleat retention and other form retention properties.
[Example 4, Comparative Example 5]
As short fiber bundles of sheath component, para-aramid short fiber kevlar with a fineness of 1.5d and fiber length of 38mm, and meta-aramid short fiber with a fineness of 1.5d and fiber length of 38mm ["NOMEX" (registered trademark) manufactured by DuPont ] Is blended at a ratio of 50/50% (Example 6) to produce a coarse yarn having a thickness of 0.3 g / m by an ordinary cotton spinning method. Composite processing was performed using denier as a core component to obtain a composite yarn of 30 s and K = 3.5 in which the proportion of the polyester fiber in the composite yarn was 33.9%.
[0034]
Further, the para-aramid short fiber “Kevlar” of Example 4 was 50/50% with a fineness of 6d and a fiber length of 89 mm, and a meta-aramid short fiber “Nomex” of a fineness of 1.5d and a fiber length of 76 mm (Comparative Example 5). ) And blended in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain a composite yarn of 30 s, K = 3.5 in which the proportion of the polyester fiber occupying the composite yarn is 33.9%, and the same as in Example 1. The fabric was evaluated after being processed into the woven fabric, and the results are shown in Table 1.
[0035]
Comparative Example 5 in which the single fiber denier of para-aramid fiber is 6 denier has good heat retention, cut-resistant functionality, and pleated form retention, but the fabric is coarse and inferior as protective clothing. Met. Example 4 with 50/50% blend of “Kevlar” and “Nomex” 1.5d, 38mm, respectively, fully demonstrates the high functional properties such as heat resistance and cut resistance, which are the characteristics of wholly aromatic polyamide fiber. In addition, it has excellent shape retention such as pleats, and the fabric is soft and supple, and is an excellent fabric suitable for protective clothing.
[Comparative Example 6, Comparative Example 7]
Comparative Example 6 in which the core, sheath component fiber, blend ratio, and composite method were the same as in Example 1 and the twist coefficient was K = 2.5 (13.7 T / in), K = 6.2 (34.0 T) / In), a composite yarn of Comparative Example 7 was produced. In Comparative Example 6 with a twist coefficient of K = 2.5, generation of a nude yarn having only a core component occurred due to rubbing by guides in the winding process after composite processing. It was not preferable. In Comparative Example 7 with K = 6.2, double twisting occurred in the complex processing in the spinning process, traveler scattering due to abnormal tension and yarn breakage occurred, and both levels were deleted from the evaluation level.
[Examples 5 to 6, Reference Example 1]
A 30s composite spun yarn of Example 1 is used uniformly for warp and weft so that it becomes 25% (Reference Example 1), 30% (Example 5), and 100% (Example 6) of the total weight of the fabric. The base yarn used was a 65% polyester 35% cotton (rice cotton combed cotton) 30 s, K = 3.4, and a sizing agent was applied to the warp yarn during weaving. Table 2 shows the results of evaluation of the fabric, in which the weaving density was 78 warps / in, 65 wefts / in, and the weaving width was 98 cm.
[0036]
Reference Example 1 using 25% of the yarn of the present invention had good shape retention such as pleat retention, but was inferior in the high functional properties of heat-resistant and cut-resistant wholly aromatic polyamide fiber. Examples 5 and 6 were excellent fabrics that fully exhibited the high-functional properties of wholly aromatic polyamide fibers and had form-retaining properties such as pleats.
[0037]
In addition, the fabric of Example 5 and Example 6 was made into slacks, the pleatedness of the polyester filament yarn was visually evaluated for tailoring, and it was good slacks with good tailoring and 10 wearing evaluations. As a result, the pleat retention property as well as heat resistance and cut resistance were good and gained popularity.
[0038]
[Table 1]

[0039]
[Table 2]

[0040]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, the core-sheath-type long / short composite spun yarn and fabric of the present invention are obtained by coating the continuous yarn composed of the polyester filament yarn constituting the core portion with the wholly aromatic polyamide short fiber constituting the sheath portion. The form-holding properties such as pleating and wrinkle resistance, which are the disadvantages of wholly aromatic polyamide fibers, are greatly reduced without compromising the high-performance characteristics such as cut resistance and heat resistance of wholly aromatic polyamide fibers. It is possible to improve and provide a fabric suitable for the field of protective clothing such as fire-fighting clothes and work clothes that require high functional characteristics and outdoor sports clothing.
[Brief description of the drawings]
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a process diagram showing an example of a method for producing a core-sheath type long / short composite spun yarn of the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
1: Short fiber bundle 2: Continuous yarn 3: Trumpet 4: Back roller 5: Apron draft roller 6: Tapered front roller 7: Guide

Claims (5)

芯鞘型長短複合紡績糸であって、鞘成分が単繊維繊度が０．５〜４．５デニールの全芳香族ポリアミド短繊維で構成され、芯成分がポリエステルフィラメント糸で構成され、複合糸の撚係数がＫ＝２．６〜６であり、かつポリエステル繊維の複合糸に占める割合が１０〜３５重量％である芯鞘型長短複合紡績糸を布帛重量の３０〜１００重量％の範囲で用いてなることを特徴とする布帛。 A core-sheath-type long / short composite spun yarn, the sheath component is composed of wholly aromatic polyamide short fibers having a single fiber fineness of 0.5 to 4.5 denier, the core component is composed of polyester filament yarn, A core-sheath type short / long composite spun yarn having a twist coefficient of K = 2.6 to 6 and a ratio of polyester fiber to the composite yarn of 10 to 35% by weight is used in the range of 30 to 100% by weight of the fabric weight. A fabric characterized by comprising 前記芯鞘型長短複合紡績糸において、鞘成分の全芳香族ポリアミド短繊維がパラ系アラミド繊維であることを特徴とする請求項１に記載の布帛。 2. The fabric according to claim 1, wherein in the core-sheath type long / short composite spun yarn, the fully aromatic polyamide short fiber of the sheath component is a para-aramid fiber. 前記芯鞘型長短複合紡績糸において、鞘成分の全芳香族ポリアミド短繊維がメタ系アラミド繊維であることを特徴とする請求項１に記載の布帛。The fabric according to claim 1, wherein in the core-sheath-type long / short composite spun yarn, the fully aromatic polyamide short fiber of the sheath component is a meta-aramid fiber. 前記芯鞘型長短複合紡績糸において、鞘成分の全芳香族ポリアミド短繊維がメタ系アラミド繊維とパラ系アラミド繊維の混紡品であることを特徴とする請求項１に記載の布帛。The fabric according to claim 1, wherein in the core-sheath-type long / short composite spun yarn, the wholly aromatic polyamide short fiber of the sheath component is a blend of meta-aramid fiber and para-aramid fiber. 前記芯鞘型長短複合紡績糸において、パラ系アラミド繊維がポリパラフェニレンテレフタルアミド繊維であることを特徴とする請求項２または４に記載の布帛。The fabric according to claim 2 or 4, wherein in the core-sheath type long / short composite spun yarn, the para-aramid fiber is a polyparaphenylene terephthalamide fiber.

Images