JP4053013B2 - Suspension device - Google Patents

Suspension device Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4053013B2
JP4053013B2 JP2004057450A JP2004057450A JP4053013B2 JP 4053013 B2 JP4053013 B2 JP 4053013B2 JP 2004057450 A JP2004057450 A JP 2004057450A JP 2004057450 A JP2004057450 A JP 2004057450A JP 4053013 B2 JP4053013 B2 JP 4053013B2
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lower arm
arm support
support bracket
knuckle
width direction
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JP2005247043A (en
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幸弘 織本
豊佳 穂積
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Honda Motor Co Ltd
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Honda Motor Co Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G7/00—Pivoted suspension arms; Accessories thereof
    • B60G7/008—Attaching arms to unsprung part of vehicle

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Vehicle Body Suspensions (AREA)

Description

本発明は、アッパーアームおよびロアアームでナックルを支持するサスペンション装置に関し、特にナックルを軽合金鍛造製あるいは軽合金鋳造製のナックル本体および鉄系金属製のロアアーム支持ブラケットを結合して構成したサスペンション装置に関する。   The present invention relates to a suspension device that supports a knuckle with an upper arm and a lower arm, and more particularly, to a suspension device configured by combining a knuckle body made of light alloy forging or light alloy casting and a lower arm support bracket made of iron-based metal. .

図５は従来のサスペンション装置のナックル０１を示すもので、そのナックル０１は軽合金鍛造製のナックル本体０２の下端に鉄系金属製のロアアーム支持ブラケット０３を２本のボルト０４，０５で結合してなり、ナックル本体０１の上端にアッパーアーム０６の車幅方向外端が接続されるとともに、ロアアーム支持ブラケット０３にロアアーム０７の車幅方向外端が接続される。ロアアーム０７が接続されるナックル本体０２の下部の前後端には下方に突出する一対のボス部０２ａ，０２ｂが一体に形成されており、これらのボス部０２ａ，０２ｂの下面にロアアーム支持ブラケット０３の前後両端がボルト０４，０５で締結される。   FIG. 5 shows a knuckle 01 of a conventional suspension device. The knuckle 01 has a lower arm support bracket 03 made of a ferrous metal joined to the lower end of a light alloy forged knuckle body 02 with two bolts 04 and 05. Thus, the outer end in the vehicle width direction of the upper arm 06 is connected to the upper end of the knuckle body 01, and the outer end in the vehicle width direction of the lower arm 07 is connected to the lower arm support bracket 03. A pair of bosses 02a and 02b projecting downward are integrally formed at the front and rear ends of the lower part of the knuckle body 02 to which the lower arm 07 is connected, and the lower arm support bracket 03 is formed on the lower surface of these bosses 02a and 02b. Both front and rear ends are fastened with bolts 04 and 05.

ところで上記従来のものは、ナックル本体０２の下部から一対のボス部０２ａ，０２ｂが大きく突出しているため、細長いボス部０２ａ，０２ｂが鍛造性を悪化させて製造コストが増加する要因となるだけでなく、ロアアーム０７からの大きな荷重が伝達されるボス部０２ａ，０２ｂの強度が不足する可能性があった。またナックル本体０２を軽合鋳造製とした場合にも、細長いボス部０２ａ，０２ｂが湯の回りを阻害して鋳造性を悪化させ、ボス部０２ａ，０２ｂに巣が発生して品質を低下させる可能性があった。   By the way, since the pair of bosses 02a and 02b protrudes greatly from the lower part of the knuckle main body 02 in the above-described conventional one, the elongated bosses 02a and 02b only deteriorate the forgeability and increase the manufacturing cost. In other words, the strength of the boss portions 02a and 02b to which a large load from the lower arm 07 is transmitted may be insufficient. Further, even when the knuckle body 02 is made of a light casting, the elongated boss portions 02a and 02b hinder the surroundings of the hot water to deteriorate the castability, and a nest is generated in the boss portions 02a and 02b to deteriorate the quality. There was a possibility.

本発明は前述の事情に鑑みてなされたもので、軽合金鍛造製（軽合金鋳造製）のナックル本体の下部に形成されて鉄系金属製のロアアーム支持ブラケットに固定される一対のボス部の鍛造性（鋳造性）および剛性を高めることを目的とする。   The present invention has been made in view of the above-described circumstances, and is formed of a pair of boss portions formed at a lower portion of a knuckle body made of light alloy forging (made of light alloy casting) and fixed to a lower arm support bracket made of iron-based metal. It aims at improving forgeability (castability) and rigidity.

上記目的を達成するために、請求項１に記載された発明によれば、軽合金鍛造製あるいは軽合金鋳造製のナックル本体および鉄系金属製のロアアーム支持ブラケットを結合して構成されたナックルと、車幅方向内端が車体に接続されて車幅方向外端が前記ナックル本体の上部に接続されたアッパーアームと、車幅方向内端が車体に接続されて車幅方向外端が前記ロアアーム支持ブラケットに接続されたロアアームとを備え、ロアアーム支持ブラケットがナックル本体の下部の前後端から下方に突出する一対のボス部の下面に固定されたサスペンション装置において、一対のボス部の間に上方に凹む凹部が形成され、この凹部の底面から前記ボス部の下端までの上下方向高さを、ロアアームからロアアーム支持ブラケットへの荷重の入力点から前記ボス部の下端までの上下方向高さよりも小さくしたことを特徴とするサスペンション装置が提案される。 In order to achieve the above object, according to the invention described in claim 1, a knuckle constituted by combining a light alloy forged or light alloy cast knuckle body and a ferrous metal lower arm support bracket; An upper arm whose inner end in the vehicle width direction is connected to the vehicle body and whose outer end in the vehicle width direction is connected to the upper portion of the knuckle body; and an inner end in the vehicle width direction is connected to the vehicle body and the outer end in the vehicle width direction is the lower arm a connected to the support bracket lower arm, the suspension system is fixed to the lower surface of the pair of bosses protruding from the front and rear ends below the bottom of the lower arm support bracket knuckle body, upwardly between the pair of boss recess dented is formed, the vertical height from the bottom surface of the recess to the lower end of the boss portion, from the input point of the load from the lower arm to the lower arm support bracket Suspension system is characterized in that smaller than the vertical height of the lower end of the serial boss is proposed.

請求項１の構成によれば、軽合金鍛造製あるいは軽合金鋳造製のナックル本体を製造する際に、その下部の前後端から凹部を挟んで下方に突出する一対のボス部の上下方向の高さ、つまり凹部の底面からボス部の下端までの上下方向の高さが大きいと、ナックル本体の鍛造性や鋳造性が低下して製造が困難になり、かつボス部の剛性が低くなってロアアーム支持ブラケットの取付強度が低下する虞があるが、前記ボス部の上下方向高さをロアアーム支持ブラケットの上下方向高さ、つまりロアアームからロアアーム支持ブラケットへの荷重の入力点から前記ボス部の下端までの上下方向高さよりも小さくすることで、ナックル本体の鍛造性や鋳造性を向上させるとともにボス部の剛性を高めてロアアーム支持ブラケットの取付強度を増加させることができる。 According to the configuration of the first aspect, when manufacturing a knuckle body made of light alloy forging or light alloy casting, the height in the vertical direction of the pair of bosses protruding downward from the front and rear ends of the lower part with the recess interposed therebetween. That is, if the height in the vertical direction from the bottom surface of the recess to the lower end of the boss part is large, the forkability and castability of the knuckle body deteriorates, making it difficult to manufacture and lowering the rigidity of the boss part. While mounting strength of the support bracket may be lowered, vertical height of the lower arm support bracket in the vertical direction height of the boss portion, that is from the input point of the load from the lower arm to the lower arm support bracket to the lower end of the boss portion is made smaller than the vertical height increases the mounting strength of the lower arm support bracket to increase the rigidity of the boss portion improves the forgeability and castability of the knuckle body It is possible.

以下、本発明の実施の形態を、添付の図面に示した本発明の実施例に基づいて説明する。   DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Embodiments of the present invention will be described below based on examples of the present invention shown in the accompanying drawings.

図１〜図３は本発明の一実施例を示すものであり、図１は左後輪のダブルウイッシュボーン式サスペンションの斜視図、図２は図１の２方向拡大矢視図、図３は図２の要部拡大断面図である。   1 to 3 show an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a double wishbone type suspension of a left rear wheel, FIG. 2 is an enlarged view in two directions in FIG. 1, and FIG. It is a principal part expanded sectional view of FIG.

図１および図２に示すように、ダブルウイッシュボーン式のサスペンション装置Ｓは、アッパーアーム１１およびロアアーム１２によって車体に支持されたナックル１３を備える。ナックル１３は軽合金鍛造製のナックル本体１４と、その下部に締結された鉄系材料製のロアアーム支持ブラケット１５とで構成される。ナックル本体１４は、車輪Ｗの車軸を回転自在に支持する車軸支持部１４ａと、車軸支持部１４ａから上方に延びるアッパーアーム支持部１４ｂとを備えており、アッパーアーム支持部１４ｂの上端にボールジョイント１６を介してアッパーアーム１１の車幅方向外端が枢支される。   As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the double wishbone type suspension device S includes a knuckle 13 supported on the vehicle body by an upper arm 11 and a lower arm 12. The knuckle 13 includes a knuckle body 14 made of light alloy forging, and a lower arm support bracket 15 made of an iron-based material fastened to the lower part thereof. The knuckle body 14 includes an axle support portion 14a that rotatably supports the axle of the wheel W, and an upper arm support portion 14b that extends upward from the axle support portion 14a, and a ball joint at the upper end of the upper arm support portion 14b. 16, the outer end of the upper arm 11 in the vehicle width direction is pivotally supported.

図３から明らかなように、ナックル本体１４の車軸支持部１４ａの下面前後端から一対のボス部１４ｃ，１４ｄが下向きに突出しており、両ボス部１４ｃ，１４ｄの間に上向きに窪んだ凹部１４ｅが形成される。ロアアーム支持ブラケット１５は前後端の取付部１５ａ，１５ｂと、中央のロアアーム支持部１５ｃと、取付部１５ａ，１５ｂおよびロアアーム支持部１５ｃを接続する一対の傾斜した接続部１５ｄ，１５ｅとを備えており、前側の支持部１５ａがスタッドボルト１７およびナット１８で前側のボス部１４ｃの下端に固定され、後側の取付部１５ｂがボルト１９で後側のボス部１４ｄの下端に固定される。ロアアーム支持ブラケット１５のロアアーム支持部１５ｃは取付部１５ａ，１５ｂよりも低い位置にあり、ナックル本体１４の凹部１４ｅとロアアーム支持ブラケット１５のロアアーム支持部１５ｃとの間に形成された空間２０にロアアーム１２の車幅方向外端が配置される。   As is apparent from FIG. 3, a pair of bosses 14c and 14d protrude downward from the front and rear ends of the axle support 14a of the knuckle body 14, and a recess 14e recessed upward between the bosses 14c and 14d. Is formed. The lower arm support bracket 15 includes front and rear end mounting portions 15a and 15b, a central lower arm support portion 15c, and a pair of inclined connection portions 15d and 15e that connect the mounting portions 15a and 15b and the lower arm support portion 15c. The front support portion 15 a is fixed to the lower end of the front boss portion 14 c with the stud bolt 17 and the nut 18, and the rear attachment portion 15 b is fixed to the lower end of the rear boss portion 14 d with the bolt 19. The lower arm support portion 15c of the lower arm support bracket 15 is positioned lower than the mounting portions 15a and 15b, and the lower arm 12 is formed in a space 20 formed between the recess 14e of the knuckle body 14 and the lower arm support portion 15c of the lower arm support bracket 15. The vehicle width direction outer end of is arranged.

ロアアーム１２の車幅方向外端をロアアーム支持ブラケット１５に枢支するボールジョイント２１は、球状の頭部２２ａと、頭部２２ａに連なる円錐状の軸部２２ｂと、軸部２２ｂに連なる雄ねじ部２２ｃとで構成されたボールスタッド２２を備える。ボールスタッド２２の軸部２２ｂはロアアーム支持ブラケット１５のロアアーム支持部１５ｃに設けた取付孔１５ｆを上から下に貫通し、ロアアーム支持部１５ｃから下向きに突出する雄ねじ部２２ｃにナット２３を螺合することで固定される。またボールジョイント２１は、ロアアーム１２の端部に設けられたカップ状のハウジング１２ａを備える。ボールスタッド２２の頭部２２ａに摺接する合成樹脂製のベアリング２５がハウジング１２ａの内周面に収納され、ハウジング１２ａの開口部を覆うように固定されたリテーナ２６により保持される。ボールスタッド２２の頭部２２ａおよびベアリング２５の摺動面に塵等が侵入しないように、ハウジング１２ａの開口部とロアアーム支持ブラケット１５のロアアーム支持部１５ｃとの間にブーツ２７が装着される。   The ball joint 21 that pivotally supports the outer end in the vehicle width direction of the lower arm 12 to the lower arm support bracket 15 includes a spherical head 22a, a conical shaft portion 22b that is continuous with the head portion 22a, and a male screw portion 22c that is continuous with the shaft portion 22b. The ball stud 22 comprised by these is provided. The shaft portion 22b of the ball stud 22 passes through the mounting hole 15f provided in the lower arm support portion 15c of the lower arm support bracket 15 from the top to the bottom, and the nut 23 is screwed into the male screw portion 22c protruding downward from the lower arm support portion 15c. It is fixed by that. The ball joint 21 includes a cup-shaped housing 12 a provided at the end of the lower arm 12. A synthetic resin bearing 25 slidably contacting the head 22a of the ball stud 22 is housed on the inner peripheral surface of the housing 12a, and is held by a retainer 26 fixed so as to cover the opening of the housing 12a. A boot 27 is mounted between the opening of the housing 12a and the lower arm support portion 15c of the lower arm support bracket 15 so that dust and the like do not enter the head 22a of the ball stud 22 and the sliding surface of the bearing 25.

ナックル本体１４の凹部１４ｅの底面からボス部１４ｃ，１４ｄの下端までの高さｈ１は、ボス部１４ｃ，１４ｄの下端からロアアーム支持ブラケット１５のロアアーム支持部１５ｃ、つまりロアアーム１２からロアアーム支持ブラケット１５への荷重の入力点までの高さｈ２よりも小さくされる。このように、ナックル本体１４の下端に設けられた一対のボス部１４ｃ，１４ｄの突出高さｈ１を小さくすることで、ナックル本体１４を鍛造する際にボス部１４ｃ，１４ｄを突出させる加工が容易になって加工コストが削減されるだけでなく、ロアアーム１２からの荷重がロアアーム支持ブラケット１５を介して伝達されるボス部１４ｃ，１４ｄの剛性を高めることができる。   The height h1 from the bottom surface of the recess 14e of the knuckle body 14 to the lower ends of the boss portions 14c, 14d is from the lower ends of the boss portions 14c, 14d to the lower arm support portion 15c of the lower arm support bracket 15, that is, from the lower arm 12 to the lower arm support bracket 15. It is made smaller than the height h2 to the load input point. Thus, by making the protrusion height h1 of the pair of boss portions 14c, 14d provided at the lower end of the knuckle body 14 small, the process of protruding the boss portions 14c, 14d when forging the knuckle body 14 is easy. Thus, not only the processing cost is reduced, but also the rigidity of the boss portions 14c and 14d to which the load from the lower arm 12 is transmitted through the lower arm support bracket 15 can be increased.

またナックル本体１４の凹部１４ｅの底面からボールジョイント２１の上端までの距離ｄ１は、ロアアーム支持部１５ｃの取付孔１５ｆの上端からボールスタッド２２の雄ねじ部２２ｃの下端までの距離ｄ２よりも小さくされる。従って、車両の走行に伴う振動等でボールジョイント２１のボールスタッド２２をロアアーム支持ブラケット１５に固定するナット２３が弛んで脱落し、ボールスタッド２２の軸部２２ｂがロアアーム支持ブラケット１５の取付孔１５ｆから上方に抜け落ちようとしても、ボールジョイント２１のハウジング１２ａがナックル本体１４の凹部１４ｅの底面に当接することで、ボールジョイント２１の脱落を阻止してロアアーム１２がナックル１３から分離する事態を確実に防止することができる。   The distance d1 from the bottom surface of the recess 14e of the knuckle body 14 to the upper end of the ball joint 21 is smaller than the distance d2 from the upper end of the mounting hole 15f of the lower arm support portion 15c to the lower end of the male screw portion 22c of the ball stud 22. . Accordingly, the nut 23 for fixing the ball stud 22 of the ball joint 21 to the lower arm support bracket 15 is loosened and dropped due to vibration or the like accompanying traveling of the vehicle, and the shaft portion 22b of the ball stud 22 is removed from the mounting hole 15f of the lower arm support bracket 15. Even if it is about to fall upward, the housing 12a of the ball joint 21 comes into contact with the bottom surface of the recess 14e of the knuckle body 14 to prevent the ball joint 21 from falling off and reliably prevent the lower arm 12 from being separated from the knuckle 13. can do.

尚、ナックル本体１４にロアアーム支持ブラケット１５を結合した後ではボールジョイント２１を取り付けることができないため、予めボールジョイント２１を取り付けたロアアーム支持ブラケット１５をナックル本体１４に結合する必要がある。   Since the ball joint 21 cannot be attached after the lower arm support bracket 15 is coupled to the knuckle body 14, the lower arm support bracket 15 to which the ball joint 21 has been previously attached needs to be coupled to the knuckle body 14.

次に、図４に基づいて本発明の第２実施例を説明する。   Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.

第１実施例ではボールジョイント２１のボールスタッド２２がロアアーム支持ブラケット１５に固定されるが、第２実施例ではボールジョイント２１のハウジング２４がロアアーム支持ブラケット１５に固定される。即ち、ボールジョイント２１のハウジング２４は、ロアアーム支持ブラケット１５のボールジョイント支持部１５ｃに形成した取付孔１５ｆに上から下に圧入される。ハウジング２４から下向きに突出するボールスタッド２２にロアアーム１２の車幅方向外端が嵌合してナット２８で締結される。   In the first embodiment, the ball stud 22 of the ball joint 21 is fixed to the lower arm support bracket 15, but in the second embodiment, the housing 24 of the ball joint 21 is fixed to the lower arm support bracket 15. That is, the housing 24 of the ball joint 21 is press-fitted from the top to the bottom into the mounting hole 15 f formed in the ball joint support portion 15 c of the lower arm support bracket 15. The outer end in the vehicle width direction of the lower arm 12 is fitted to a ball stud 22 protruding downward from the housing 24 and fastened by a nut 28.

この第２実施例でも、ナックル本体１４の凹部１４ｅの底面からボス部１４ｃ，１４ｄの下端までの高さｈ１は、ボス部１４ｃ，１４ｄの下端からロアアーム支持ブラケット１５のロアアーム支持部１５ｃまでの高さ、つまりロアアーム１２からロアアーム支持ブラケット１５への荷重の入力点までの高さｈ２よりも小さく設定されており、これによりナックル本体１４を鍛造する際にボス部１４ｃ，１４ｄを突出させる加工を容易にして加工コストを削減するとともにボス部１４ｃ，１４ｄの剛性を高めることができる。   Also in the second embodiment, the height h1 from the bottom surface of the recess 14e of the knuckle body 14 to the lower ends of the boss portions 14c, 14d is the height from the lower ends of the boss portions 14c, 14d to the lower arm support portion 15c of the lower arm support bracket 15. In other words, the height h2 from the lower arm 12 to the load input point to the lower arm support bracket 15 is set to be smaller than this, so that when the knuckle body 14 is forged, the bosses 14c and 14d can be easily projected. Thus, the processing cost can be reduced and the rigidity of the boss portions 14c and 14d can be increased.

以上、本発明の実施例を説明したが、本発明は上記実施例に限定されるものではなく、特許請求の範囲に記載された本発明を逸脱することなく種々の設計変更を行うことが可能である。   Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and various design changes can be made without departing from the present invention described in the claims. It is.

例えば、実施例ではダブルウイッシュボーン式のサスペンション装置Ｓを例示したが、本発明は他の任意の形式のサスペンション装置に対して適用することができる。   For example, in the embodiment, the double wishbone type suspension apparatus S is illustrated, but the present invention can be applied to any other type of suspension apparatus.

またナックル本体は軽合金鍛造製に限定されず、軽合金鋳造製であっても良い。   The knuckle body is not limited to light alloy forging, and may be light alloy casting.

左後輪のダブルウイッシュボーン式サスペンションの斜視図Perspective view of the left wish wheel double wishbone suspension 図１の２方向拡大矢視図2 direction enlarged view of FIG. 図２の要部拡大断面図2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the main part of FIG. 第２実施例に係る、前記図３に対応する図The figure corresponding to the said FIG. 3 based on 2nd Example. 従来例に係る、前記図２に対応する図FIG. 2 is a diagram corresponding to FIG.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

１１ アッパーアーム
１２ ロアアーム
１３ ナックル
１４ ナックル本体
１４ｃ ボス部
１４ｄ ボス部
１４ｅ 凹部
１５ ロアアーム支持ブラケット
ｈ１ 高さ
ｈ２ 高さ 11 Upper arm 12 Lower arm 13 Knuckle 14 Knuckle body 14c Boss part 14d Boss part
14e recess 15 Lower arm support bracket h1 Height h2 Height

Claims (1)

軽合金鍛造製あるいは軽合金鋳造製のナックル本体（１４）および鉄系金属製のロアアーム支持ブラケット（１５）を結合して構成されたナックル（１３）と、車幅方向内端が車体に接続されて車幅方向外端が前記ナックル本体（１４）の上部に接続されたアッパーアーム（１１）と、車幅方向内端が車体に接続されて車幅方向外端がロアアーム支持ブラケット（１５）に接続されたロアアーム（１２）とを備え、ロアアーム支持ブラケット（１５）がナックル本体（１４）の下部の前後端から下方に突出する一対のボス部（１４ｃ，１４ｄ）の下面に固定されたサスペンション装置において、
一対のボス部（１４ｃ，１４ｄ）の間に上方に凹む凹部（１４ｅ）が形成され、この凹部（１４ｅ）の底面から前記ボス部（１４ｃ，１４ｄ）の下端までの上下方向高さ（ｈ１）を、ロアアーム（１２）からロアアーム支持ブラケット（１５）への荷重の入力点から前記ボス部（１４ｃ，１４ｄ）の下端までの上下方向高さ（ｈ２）よりも小さくしたことを特徴とするサスペンション装置。 A knuckle (13) formed by coupling a light alloy forged or light alloy cast knuckle body (14) and a ferrous metal lower arm support bracket (15), and an inner end in the vehicle width direction are connected to the vehicle body. An upper arm (11) whose outer end in the vehicle width direction is connected to the upper portion of the knuckle body (14), an inner end in the vehicle width direction is connected to the vehicle body, and an outer end in the vehicle width direction is connected to the lower arm support bracket (15). A suspension device having a lower arm (12) connected thereto, and a lower arm support bracket (15) fixed to the lower surface of a pair of boss portions (14c, 14d) projecting downward from the front and rear ends of the lower portion of the knuckle body (14) In
A concave portion (14e) recessed upward is formed between the pair of boss portions (14c, 14d) , and the vertical height (h1) from the bottom surface of the concave portion (14e) to the lower end of the boss portion (14c, 14d ). The suspension device is characterized in that it is smaller than the vertical height (h2) from the input point of the load from the lower arm (12) to the lower arm support bracket (15) to the lower end of the boss portion (14c, 14d). .
JP2004057450A 2004-03-02 2004-03-02 Suspension device Expired - Fee Related JP4053013B2 (en)

Priority Applications (2)

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JP2004057450A JP4053013B2 (en) 2004-03-02 2004-03-02 Suspension device
US11/066,496 US7354052B2 (en) 2004-03-02 2005-02-28 Suspension device

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP4661484B2 (en) * 2005-09-20 2011-03-30 マツダ株式会社 Front suspension device and assembly method thereof
CN101687452B (en) * 2007-07-04 2012-06-13 本田技研工业株式会社 Suspension for steerable wheel
JP6474647B2 (en) * 2015-03-04 2019-02-27 本田技研工業株式会社 Damper fork

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