JP4048800B2 - Spray material and slope protection method - Google Patents
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Description
【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、土壌乾燥防止剤及び土壌乾燥防止方法に関する。さらに詳しくは、本発明は、緑化工事において、土壌の吸水性と保水性を高め、植物の発芽不良や枯死を防ぎ、生長を促進することができる土壌乾燥防止剤及び土壌乾燥防止方法に関する。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
造成地、道路、ダムなどの建設にともなう盛土や切土などの法面は、そのまま放置すると降雨や風化などによって侵食され、地滑りや落石などの事故が発生する。そのために、法面侵食防止対策として、植生工による法面保護が広く行われている。
植生工により法面保護を行う場合、土壌、バーク堆肥、ピートモスなどに、種子、肥料などを混合した吹付資材を、客土吹付工、基材吹付工などにより、土面、岩盤などに吹き付ける。吹付により形成される土壌の乾燥を防ぎ、侵食を防止するために、吸水性樹脂や侵食防止剤が吹付資材に添加される。
吸水性樹脂の添加により、土壌の保水性を高め、夏季高温期や、乾燥期の水分不足による植物の発芽不良や枯死を防いでいる。また、侵食防止剤の添加により、土砂の結合体を形成し、微細な土砂の移動を止めて、発塵と侵食を防止する。
しかし、このように吹付資材に吸水性樹脂や侵食防止剤を添加しても、吹付により形成された土壌に十分な吸水性をもたせ、乾燥を防ぐことは困難である。土壌の表面が乾燥すると、表面は撥水性になり、降雨があっても雨水は土壌中へ浸透しにくい。特に法面のような傾斜面では、雨水は土壌に吸い込まれる前に大半が表層水として流れ落ちてしまう。造成地、道路、ダムなどの建設によってできる法面は広大な面積なので、人工的に多量の給水を行うことは経済的な負担が大きく、たとえ給水したとしても、相当部分の水が表層水として流れ去るという問題は解決しない。このために、吸水性と保水性が良好であり、土壌が乾燥することなく、植物の発芽、活着、生長を促進し、効果的に緑化を進めることができる土壌乾燥防止剤及び土壌乾燥防止方法が求められていたる。
【０００３】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、緑化工事において、土壌の吸水性と保水性を高め、植物の発芽不良や枯死を防ぎ、生長を促進することができる土壌乾燥防止剤及び土壌乾燥防止方法を提供することを目的としてなされたものである。
【０００４】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者は、上記の課題を解決すべく鋭意研究を重ねた結果、土壌に吸水性樹脂と界面活性剤を含有させることにより、土壌の吸水性と保水性が向上し、効果的に土壌の乾燥を防止し得ることを見いだし、この知見に基づいて本発明を完成するに至った。
すなわち、本発明は、
（１）水膨潤性吸水性樹脂、界面活性剤及び合成樹脂エマルジョンからなる土壌乾燥防止剤を、吹付資材１ｍ3当り０.５〜１.５ｋｇの割合で配合したことを特徴とする吹付資材、
（２）第１項記載の吹付資材の土壌乾燥防止剤として、さらに増粘剤を配合した土壌乾燥防止剤を用いることを特徴とする吹付資材、
（３）吹付資材が土壌、バーク堆肥、ピートモス、種子及び肥料を含有するものである第１項又は第２項記載の吹付資材、及び、
（４）第１項〜第３項のいずれか記載の吹付資材を対象面に吹き付け厚さ１〜１０ｃｍで吹き付けることを特徴とする法面保護方法、
を提供するものである。
【０００５】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明の土壌乾燥防止剤の第一の態様は、吸水性樹脂及び界面活性剤を含有する土壌乾燥防止剤である。本発明の土壌乾燥防止剤は、さらに侵食防止剤を含有することが好ましい。本発明の土壌乾燥防止剤の第二の態様は、吸水性樹脂と侵食防止剤を含有する土壌乾燥防止剤において、増粘剤及び界面活性剤のうち少なくとも１種を含有する土壌乾燥防止剤である。
本発明の土壌乾燥防止剤及び土壌乾燥防止方法を適用する対象面に特に制限はないが、造成地、道路、ダムなどの建設に伴う盛土、切土などの法面に好適に適用することができる。対象面の土質に特に制限はなく、例えば、土面、岩盤、モルタル吹付面、コンクリート壁面などを挙げることができる。本発明の土壌乾燥防止剤は、法面のみならず、例えば、都心の気温が上昇するヒートアイランド現象の緩和や、断熱効果による省エネルギーを目的としてなされるビル屋上やビル周縁の緑化などにも適用することができる。
本発明に用いる吸水性樹脂は、水と接触すると短時間に吸水して膨潤する高分子化合物である。本発明に用いる吸水性樹脂としては、例えば、水膨潤性の架橋ポリアクリル酸又はその塩、ポリビニルアルコール、イソブチレン−無水マレイン酸共重合体又はその塩、澱粉−アクリル酸グラフト共重合体又はその塩、ビニルアルコール−アクリル酸共重合体又はその塩、澱粉−アクリロニトリルグラフト共重合体の加水分解物又はその塩、酢酸ビニル−メタクリル酸メチル共重合体の加水分解物又はその塩などの高分子化合物を挙げることができる。土壌に吸水性樹脂を含有させることにより、土壌の保水性を高め、夏季高温期や乾燥期においても土壌中に水分を保持し、植物の発芽と生長を促進し、枯死を防止することができる。
【０００６】
本発明に用いる界面活性剤に特に制限はなく、例えば、石けん、硫酸化油、ポリオキシエチレンアルキルエーテル硫酸塩、アルキル硫酸エステル塩、アルキルベンゼンスルホン酸塩、アルカンスルホン酸塩、α−オレフィンスルホン酸塩、Ｎ−アシルアミノ酸塩、ジアルキルスルホコハク酸塩、アルキルナフタレンスルホン酸塩などのアニオン界面活性剤、アルキルトリメチルアンモニウム塩、アルキルピリジニウム塩などのカチオン界面活性剤、ポリオキシエチレンアルキルエーテル、ポリオキシエチレンアルキルフェニルエーテル、ポリオキシエチレン脂肪酸エステル、多価アルコール脂肪酸エステルなどのノニオン界面活性剤、ベタイン、スルホベタインなどの両性界面活性剤などを挙げることができる。土壌に界面活性剤を含有させることにより、土壌表面の撥水性を低下させ、土壌表面が乾燥した状態であっても、土壌表面から水が容易に浸透し、法面などの傾斜面であっても降雨水を無駄なく吸収し、土壌の保水量を増大することができる。また、土壌に界面活性剤を含有させることにより、土壌の保水性も高めることができる。
本発明に用いる侵食防止剤は、土砂の粒子の結合体を形成する薬剤である。侵食防止剤としては、例えば、合成樹脂エマルジョン（酢酸ビニル樹脂エマルジョン、アクリル酸エステル樹脂エマルジョン、ポリエチレン樹脂エマルジョン、酢酸ビニル／アクリル酸樹脂エマルジョン、酢酸ビニル／エチレン樹脂エマルジョン、バーサチック酸ビニル樹脂エマルジョン）、アスファルト乳剤、セメントなどを挙げることができる。土壌に侵食防止剤を含有させることにより、微細な土砂の移動を防ぎ、法面などの侵食、崩壊を防ぐことができる。
本発明に用いる増粘剤としては、ポリアクリルアミド、カルボキシメチルセルロース（ＣＭＣ）、グアーガム等の水溶性高分子を挙げることができる。増粘剤を含有させることにより、結合力を向上させ、耐候性、柔軟性に富む固結層を形成することができる。
【０００７】
本発明の土壌乾燥防止方法の第一の態様においては、吸水性樹脂及び界面活性剤を含有する土壌乾燥防止剤を対象面に吹き付ける。本発明方法において、土壌乾燥防止剤がさらに侵食防止剤を含有することが好ましい。本発明の土壌乾燥防止方法の第二の態様においては、吸水性樹脂、侵食防止剤、並びに、増粘剤及び界面活性剤のうち少なくとも１種を含有する土壌乾燥防止剤を対象面に吹き付ける。
本発明方法において、吸水性樹脂、界面活性剤、必要に応じて、侵食防止剤、増粘剤を含有する土壌乾燥防止剤を対象面に吹き付ける方法に特に制限はなく、例えば、土壌乾燥防止剤を単独に吹き付けることができ、あるいは、土壌を主体とし、種子、肥料などを混合した吹付資材に土壌乾燥防止剤を添加して吹き付けることもできる。吹付資材を対象面に吹き付ける工法に特に制限はなく、例えば、種子散布工、客土吹付工、基材吹付工などを挙げることができ、あるいは、対象面が広大な場合には、ヘリコプターなどの航空機から実播して吹き付けることもできる。
本発明方法に用いる吹付資材に特に制限はなく、例えば、客土吹付工においては、火山灰土、粘性土、腐食土などの土壌を主体とする生育基盤材に、種子、肥料、バーク堆肥などを混合した吹付資材を用いることができ、基材吹付工においては、バーク堆肥、ピートモスなどの有機質資材又は砂質土に、種子、肥料などを混合した吹付資材を用いることができる。
本発明方法に用いる吹付資材を対象面に吹き付ける方法に特に制限はなく、例えば、客土吹付工の場合は、植物の生育が可能な土壌が存在する軟質の切土斜面、土壌硬度２５mm以上の土砂面、風化の早い軟岩斜面などを対象面とし、ポンプ式の吹付機を用いて吹き付けることができる。吹付厚さは、通常は１〜３cmであることが好ましいが、植物の種類に応じて１０cm以上とすることもできる。土壌乾燥防止剤の添加合計量は、吹付資材１ｍ3に対して０.５〜１kgであることが好ましい。土壌乾燥防止剤は、ハイドロシーダーの投入口より添加することが好ましい。
基材吹付工の場合は、岩盤、崖錐、モルタル吹付面などの無土壌斜面などを対象面とし、モルタル吹付機を用いて吹き付けることができる。吹付厚さは、通常は３〜１０cmであることが好ましいが、モルタル吹付面などでは１０cm以上とすることもできる。土壌乾燥防止剤の添加合計量は、吹付資材１ｍ3に対して１〜１.５kgであることが好ましい。土壌乾燥防止剤は、ベルトコンベア上の吹付資材に添加することが好ましい。
本発明の土壌乾燥防止剤及び土壌乾燥防止方法によれば、雨水の土壌への浸透を促進して表層水として流失する雨水の量を減少し、土壌中に含まれる吸水性樹脂に保水剤としての効果を発揮させ、緑化工事において土壌の乾燥による植物の発芽不良と乾燥枯れを防止することができる。
【０００８】
【実施例】
以下に、実施例を挙げて本発明をさらに詳細に説明するが、本発明はこれらの実施例によりなんら限定されるものではない。
参考例１
コンクリート用砂を１０５℃で１時間乾燥し、室温で放置冷却して供試土壌とした。この供試土壌の見かけ密度は２.５ｇ／ｃｍ3であり、平均粒径は０.６ｍｍであった。
供試土壌２,４８０ｇ（１Ｌ）に架橋ポリアクリル酸ナトリウム１.０ｇとジアルキルスルホコハク酸ナトリウム１.０ｇを添加混合し、そのうちの７４４ｇ（０.３Ｌ）を、底部に６０メッシュの金網をつけた重量１０４.８ｇの内径７０ｍｍのアクリル樹脂製パイプに入れ、振盪して密に充填させた。
次いで、パイプに充填した土壌の上に、水２００ｇを静かに注入し、パイプの底部の金網から水を流出させた。水の流出が終わったとき、土壌を充填したパイプの総重量は９９６.８ｇであり、土壌の保水量は１４８ｇであった。
比較例１
供試土壌に架橋ポリアクリル酸ナトリウムとジアルキルスルホコハク酸ナトリウムを添加することなく、アクリル樹脂製パイプに充填した以外は、参考例１と同じ操作を行った。土壌の保水量は、１４２ｇであった。
比較例２
架橋ポリアクリル酸ナトリウム１.０ｇとジアルキルスルホコハク酸ナトリウム１.０ｇの代わりに、架橋ポリアクリル酸ナトリウム２.０ｇを添加混合した以外は、参考例１と同じ操作を行った。土壌の保水量は、１４６ｇであった。
参考例１及び比較例１〜２の結果を、第１表に示す。
【０００９】
【表１】
第１表に見られるように、吸水性樹脂である水膨潤性の架橋ポリアクリル酸ナトリウムと界面活性剤であるジアルキルスルホコハク酸ナトリウムを添加混合した参考例１の土壌は、薬剤を添加しない供試土壌をそのまま用いた比較例１に比べて、保水量が大きく、土壌乾燥防止効果に優れることが分かる。また、薬剤の添加量が同じであっても、架橋ポリアクリル酸ナトリウムのみを添加した比較例２の土壌は、参考例１の土壌よりも保水量が少なく、吸水性樹脂と界面活性剤を併用することにより、土壌乾燥防止効果が改良されることが分かる。なお、２００ｍＬの水を注いだときの浸透時間を測定したところ、参考例１の土壌が浸透時間が最も短く、浸透性が良好であった。
参考例２
黒土３０重量％、ピートモス３０重量％、コンポスト３０重量％及び故紙繊維１０重量％を配合し、水を加えて含水比６０重量％に水分調整して人工客土とした。この人工客土１Ｌに、架橋ポリアクリル酸ナトリウム１.０ｇとジアルキルスルホコハク酸ナトリウム１.０ｇを添加混合した。
この人工客土を、縦１５０ｍｍ、横１００ｍｍ、厚さ１０ｍｍの容器に充填し、表面に霧吹器を用いて水を散布し、４０℃の恒温器で４８時間乾燥したのち、常温まで冷却して供試体とした。
供試体の表面３か所に、各１ｍＬの水を滴下し、その浸透時間を測定する水滴試験を行い、平均値を求めた。浸透時間は１秒未満であり、浸透性は良好であった。
侵食防止効果を調べるために、降雨量１時間あたり１００ｍｍで、３時間の人工降雨試験を行い、侵食されずに残った人工客土の表面積の割合を目視により求めた。残った表面積は約６０％であり、侵食防止効果は小さかった。
吸水効果を調べるために、供試体を傾斜角度４５度（１割勾配）に固定し、水１０ｍＬを散布し、浸透しない水の量を測定する表層水試験を行った。水は全部浸透し、撥水は認められなかった。
実施例３
人工客土１Ｌに、架橋ポリアクリル酸ナトリウム１.０ｇ、ジアルキルスルホコハク酸ナトリウム１.０ｇ、パウダータイプの酢酸ビニル／エチレン樹脂エマルジョン１.０ｇ及びポリアクリルアミド１.０ｇを添加混合した以外は、参考例２と同じ操作を行った。
水滴試験において、浸透時間は１秒未満であり、浸透性は良好であった。人工降雨試験において、残った表面積は約９０％であり、侵食防止効果は大きかった。表層水試験において、水は全部浸透し、撥水は認められなかった。
比較例３
人工客土に薬剤を添加することなく、参考例２と同じ操作を行った。
水滴試験において、浸透時間は２秒であり、浸透性は不良であった。人工降雨試験において、残った表面積は約６５％であり、侵食防止効果は小さかった。表層水試験において、水２ｍＬが浸透せず、撥水が認められた。
比較例４
人工客土１Ｌに、パウダータイプの酢酸ビニル／エチレン樹脂エマルジョン２.０ｇを添加混合した以外は、参考例２と同じ操作を行った。
水滴試験において、浸透時間は３秒であり、浸透性は不良であった。人工降雨試験において、残った表面積は約９０％であり、侵食防止効果は大きかった。表層水試験において、水６ｍＬが浸透せず、強い撥水が認められた。
参考例２及び実施例３及び比較例３〜４の結果を、第２表に示す。
【００１１】
【表２】
第２表に見られるように、吸水性樹脂である水膨潤性の架橋ポリアクリル酸ナトリウムと界面活性剤であるジアルキルスルホコハク酸ナトリウムを添加混合した参考例２の人工客土は、浸透性は良好であるが、侵食防止効果は小さい。吸水性樹脂と界面活性剤に加えて、さらに侵食防止剤であるパウダータイプの酢酸ビニル／エチレン樹脂エマルジョンと増粘剤であるポリアクリルアミドを添加混合した実施例３の人工客土は、侵食防止効果も大きい。侵食防止剤である酢酸ビニル／エチレン樹脂エマルジョンのみを添加混合した比較例４の人工客土は、侵食防止効果は大きいが、浸透性が悪く、撥水性を示す。
【００１３】
【発明の効果】
本発明の土壌乾燥防止剤は、界面活性剤を含有するので土壌の撥水性が抑制され、降雨水が土壌の中まで容易に浸透する。土壌に水が浸透すると、吸水性樹脂が保水剤となって水を吸収、保持し、長期間乾燥の被害から植物を守ることができる。また、増粘剤を含有するので、結合力を向上させ、耐候性、柔軟性に富む固結層を形成することができる。水を保持した吸水性樹脂は、必要に応じて水を放出して保水剤本来の機能を発揮する。本発明の土壌乾燥防止方法によれば、植物の発芽性と生長性を向上し、特に、コンクリートやプラスチックの枠体を斜面に設置して緑化工事する場合は、枠体が障害となって降雨水が浸透しにくく、乾燥しやすいという問題があるが、本発明によれば、そのような緑化工事に威力が発揮される。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a soil drying preventing agent and a soil drying preventing method. More particularly, the present invention relates to a soil drying preventing agent and a soil drying preventing method that can increase soil water absorption and water retention, prevent plant germination and death, and promote growth in greening work.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Slopes such as embankments and cuts associated with construction of roads, roads, and dams will be eroded by rain and weathering if left as they are, causing accidents such as landslides and falling rocks. For this reason, as a countermeasure against slope erosion, slope protection by vegetation is widely performed.
When slope protection is carried out by vegetation, spray material made by mixing seed, fertilizer, etc. with soil, bark compost, peat moss, etc. is sprayed on the soil surface, bedrock, etc. by means of soil spraying or base material spraying. In order to prevent drying of the soil formed by spraying and to prevent erosion, a water absorbent resin and an erosion inhibitor are added to the spray material.
Addition of water-absorbing resin increases soil water retention, preventing poor germination and death of plants due to lack of moisture during summer high temperature and dry seasons. In addition, by adding an erosion inhibitor, a combination of earth and sand is formed, and movement of fine earth and sand is stopped to prevent dust generation and erosion.
However, even if a water-absorbing resin or an erosion inhibitor is added to the spray material in this way, it is difficult to prevent the drying by preventing the soil formed by spraying from having sufficient water absorption. When the surface of the soil is dry, the surface becomes water-repellent and rainwater does not easily penetrate into the soil even if there is rainfall. Especially on slopes such as slopes, most of the rainwater flows down as surface water before being sucked into the soil. Since the slopes created by construction sites, roads, dams, etc. are vast areas, it is economically expensive to supply a large amount of water artificially, even if water is supplied, a considerable portion of the water is used as surface water. The problem of running away is not solved. For this reason, a soil drying prevention agent and a soil drying prevention method that have good water absorption and water retention, can promote the germination, establishment, and growth of plants and effectively promote greening without drying the soil. Is required.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
It is an object of the present invention to provide a soil desiccation agent and a soil desiccation prevention method capable of enhancing soil water absorption and water retention in planting work, preventing plant germination and death, and promoting growth. It was made.
[0004]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of intensive studies to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present inventor has improved the water absorption and water retention of the soil by containing the water-absorbing resin and the surfactant in the soil, effectively It has been found that drying can be prevented, and the present invention has been completed based on this finding.
That is, the present invention
(1) water-swelling water-absorbent resin, surfactants and synthetic resin emulsion consisting of soil anti-drying agent, spray material, characterized in that in proportions of spray material 1 m 3 per 0.5～1.5Kg,
(2) A spraying material characterized by using a soil drying preventing agent further blended with a thickener as a soil drying preventing agent of the spraying material according to item 1.
(3) The spraying material according to item 1 or 2, wherein the spraying material contains soil, bark compost, peat moss, seeds and fertilizer, and
(4) A slope protection method characterized by spraying the spray material according to any one of Items 1 to 3 onto a target surface with a thickness of 1 to 10 cm,
Is to provide.
[0005]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The first aspect of the soil desiccant of the present invention is a soil desiccant containing a water absorbent resin and a surfactant. The soil desiccant of the present invention preferably further contains an erosion inhibitor. A second aspect of the soil desiccant according to the present invention is a soil desiccant containing at least one of a thickener and a surfactant in a soil desiccant containing a water absorbent resin and an erosion inhibitor. is there.
There is no particular limitation on the target surface to which the soil drying prevention agent and the soil drying prevention method of the present invention are applied, but it can be suitably applied to slopes such as embankments and cuts associated with construction of constructed land, roads, dams, etc. it can. There is no restriction | limiting in particular in the soil quality of an object surface, For example, a soil surface, a bedrock, a mortar spraying surface, a concrete wall surface etc. can be mentioned. The soil desiccant of the present invention is applied not only to the slope, but also to, for example, relieving the heat island phenomenon in which the temperature in the city rises, and greening the building roof and the periphery of the building for the purpose of saving energy by the heat insulating effect. be able to.
The water-absorbent resin used in the present invention is a polymer compound that absorbs water in a short time and swells when contacted with water. Examples of the water-absorbing resin used in the present invention include water-swellable crosslinked polyacrylic acid or a salt thereof, polyvinyl alcohol, isobutylene-maleic anhydride copolymer or a salt thereof, starch-acrylic acid graft copolymer or a salt thereof. A polymer such as a vinyl alcohol-acrylic acid copolymer or a salt thereof, a starch-acrylonitrile graft copolymer hydrolyzate or a salt thereof, a vinyl acetate-methyl methacrylate copolymer hydrolyzate or a salt thereof, Can be mentioned. By containing water-absorbing resin in the soil, it is possible to increase the water retention of the soil, retain moisture in the soil even in the summer high temperature and dry seasons, promote the germination and growth of plants, and prevent death .
[0006]
The surfactant used in the present invention is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include soap, sulfated oil, polyoxyethylene alkyl ether sulfate, alkyl sulfate ester salt, alkylbenzene sulfonate, alkane sulfonate, and α-olefin sulfonate. Anionic surfactants such as N-acyl amino acid salts, dialkylsulfosuccinates and alkylnaphthalenesulfonates, cationic surfactants such as alkyltrimethylammonium salts and alkylpyridinium salts, polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers, polyoxyethylene alkylphenyls Nonionic surfactants such as ether, polyoxyethylene fatty acid ester and polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester, and amphoteric surfactants such as betaine and sulfobetaine can be used. By including a surfactant in the soil, the water repellency of the soil surface is reduced, and even when the soil surface is in a dry state, water easily penetrates from the soil surface, Also, it can absorb rainwater without waste and increase the amount of water retained in the soil. Moreover, the water retention of a soil can also be raised by making a soil contain surfactant.
The erosion inhibitor used in the present invention is an agent that forms a combination of sediment particles. Examples of erosion inhibitors include synthetic resin emulsions (vinyl acetate resin emulsion, acrylate resin emulsion, polyethylene resin emulsion, vinyl acetate / acrylic acid resin emulsion, vinyl acetate / ethylene resin emulsion, vinyl versatate resin emulsion), asphalt An emulsion, cement, etc. can be mentioned. By containing an erosion inhibitor in the soil, it is possible to prevent movement of fine earth and sand, and to prevent erosion and collapse of slopes.
Examples of the thickener used in the present invention include water-soluble polymers such as polyacrylamide, carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), and guar gum. By containing a thickener, the bonding strength can be improved, and a consolidated layer rich in weather resistance and flexibility can be formed.
[0007]
In the 1st aspect of the soil drying prevention method of this invention, the soil drying prevention agent containing a water absorbing resin and surfactant is sprayed on an object surface. In the method of the present invention, it is preferable that the soil desiccant further contains an erosion inhibitor. In the 2nd aspect of the soil drying prevention method of this invention, the soil drying prevention agent containing at least 1 sort (s) among a water absorbing resin, an erosion prevention agent, and a thickener and surfactant is sprayed on an object surface.
In the method of the present invention, there is no particular limitation on the method of spraying a water-absorbing resin, a surfactant, and if necessary, a soil drying inhibitor containing an erosion inhibitor and a thickener on the target surface. For example, a soil drying inhibitor Can be sprayed alone, or can be sprayed by adding a soil drying inhibitor to spraying materials mainly composed of soil and mixed with seeds, fertilizers and the like. There are no particular restrictions on the method of spraying the spray material onto the target surface, and examples include seed sprayers, customer soil sprayers, base material sprayers, etc., or if the target surface is vast, such as a helicopter It can also be seeded and sprayed from an aircraft.
There is no particular limitation on the spraying material used in the method of the present invention. For example, in the soil spraying method, seeds, fertilizers, bark compost, etc. are used as growth base materials mainly composed of soil such as volcanic ash soil, viscous soil, and corrosive soil. Mixed spraying materials can be used. In the base material spraying work, spraying materials in which seeds, fertilizers, and the like are mixed with organic materials such as bark compost and peat moss or sandy soil can be used.
There is no restriction in particular in the method of spraying the spray material used for the method of the present invention on the target surface. For example, in the case of guest soil spraying, a soft cut slope where soil capable of growing plants exists, soil hardness of 25 mm or more It can be sprayed using a pump-type spraying machine for soil and sand surfaces, soft weathered soft rock slopes, etc. The spraying thickness is usually preferably 1 to 3 cm, but may be 10 cm or more depending on the type of plant. The total amount of the soil drying inhibitor added is preferably 0.5 to 1 kg with respect to 1 m 3 of the spray material. It is preferable to add the soil desiccant from the inlet of the hydrocedar.
In the case of a base material spraying work, the target surface can be a bedrock, a cliff, a soilless slope such as a mortar spraying surface, and the like, and can be sprayed using a mortar spraying machine. The spraying thickness is usually preferably 3 to 10 cm, but it can be 10 cm or more on a mortar spraying surface or the like. The total amount of the soil drying inhibitor added is preferably 1 to 1.5 kg with respect to 1 m 3 of the spray material. It is preferable to add the soil drying inhibitor to the spray material on the belt conveyor.
According to the soil drying prevention agent and the soil drying prevention method of the present invention, the amount of rainwater that is washed away as surface water is promoted by promoting the penetration of rainwater into the soil, and the water-absorbing resin contained in the soil serves as a water retention agent. It is possible to exhibit the effects of the above, and to prevent poor germination and dry wilt of plants due to soil drying in tree planting work.
[0008]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.
Reference example 1
The concrete sand was dried at 105 ° C. for 1 hour and allowed to cool at room temperature to obtain a test soil. This sample soil had an apparent density of 2.5 g / cm 3 and an average particle size of 0.6 mm.
To 2,480 g (1 L) of the test soil, 1.0 g of cross-linked sodium polyacrylate and 1.0 g of sodium dialkylsulfosuccinate were added and mixed, and 744 g (0.3 L) of that was attached with a 60-mesh wire mesh at the bottom. The tube was placed in an acrylic resin pipe having a weight of 104.8 g and an inner diameter of 70 mm, and was shaken and filled tightly.
Next, 200 g of water was gently poured onto the soil filled in the pipe, and the water was allowed to flow out from the wire mesh at the bottom of the pipe. When the outflow of water was finished, the total weight of the pipe filled with soil was 996.8 g, and the amount of water retained in the soil was 148 g.
Comparative Example 1
The same operation as in Reference Example 1 was performed except that the acrylic resin pipe was filled without adding crosslinked sodium polyacrylate and sodium dialkylsulfosuccinate to the test soil. The amount of water retained in the soil was 142 g.
Comparative Example 2
The same operation as in Reference Example 1 was performed except that 2.0 g of crosslinked sodium polyacrylate was added and mixed instead of 1.0 g of crosslinked sodium polyacrylate and 1.0 g of sodium dialkylsulfosuccinate. The amount of water retained in the soil was 146 g.
The results of Reference Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 are shown in Table 1.
[0009]
[Table 1]
As shown in Table 1, the soil of Reference Example 1 in which water-swelling crosslinked sodium polyacrylate as a water-absorbing resin and sodium dialkylsulfosuccinate as a surfactant were added and mixed was a test in which no chemical was added. Compared with the comparative example 1 which used the soil as it is, it turns out that the amount of water retention is large and it is excellent in the soil drying prevention effect. Moreover, even if the addition amount of a chemical | medical agent is the same, the soil of the comparative example 2 which added only bridge | crosslinking sodium polyacrylate has less water retention amount than the soil of the reference example 1, and uses a water absorbing resin and surfactant together. It can be seen that the soil drying prevention effect is improved. In addition, when the permeation time when 200 mL of water was poured was measured, the soil of Reference Example 1 had the shortest permeation time and the permeability was good.
Reference example 2
30% by weight of black soil, 30% by weight of peat moss, 30% by weight of compost and 10% by weight of waste paper fiber were added, and water was added to adjust the water content to 60% by weight to obtain artificial soil. To 1 L of this artificial soil, 1.0 g of crosslinked sodium polyacrylate and 1.0 g of sodium dialkylsulfosuccinate were added and mixed.
Fill this artificial soil into a container with a length of 150 mm, width of 100 mm, and thickness of 10 mm, spray water on the surface using a spray bottle, dry it with a 40 ° C incubator for 48 hours, and then cool to room temperature. A specimen was used.
1 mL of water was dropped at three locations on the surface of the specimen, and a water drop test was performed to measure the permeation time, and the average value was obtained. The penetration time was less than 1 second and the permeability was good.
In order to investigate the effect of preventing erosion, an artificial rainfall test was conducted for 3 hours at a rainfall of 100 mm per hour, and the ratio of the surface area of the artificial soil left without being eroded was visually determined. The remaining surface area was about 60%, and the effect of preventing erosion was small.
In order to examine the water absorption effect, a surface water test was conducted in which the specimen was fixed at an inclination angle of 45 degrees (10% gradient), 10 mL of water was sprayed, and the amount of water that did not permeate was measured. All the water penetrated and no water repellency was observed.
Example 3
Reference Example , except that 1.0 g of crosslinked poly (sodium acrylate), 1.0 g of sodium dialkylsulfosuccinate, 1.0 g of powder type vinyl acetate / ethylene resin emulsion and 1.0 g of polyacrylamide were added to 1 L of artificial soil. The same operation as 2 was performed.
In the water drop test, the penetration time was less than 1 second, and the permeability was good. In the artificial rain test, the remaining surface area was about 90%, and the erosion prevention effect was great. In the surface water test, all the water penetrated and no water repellency was observed.
Comparative Example 3
The same operation as in Reference Example 2 was performed without adding any chemical to the artificial soil.
In the water drop test, the penetration time was 2 seconds and the permeability was poor. In the artificial rain test, the remaining surface area was about 65%, and the effect of preventing erosion was small. In the surface water test, 2 mL of water did not penetrate and water repellency was observed.
Comparative Example 4
The same operation as in Reference Example 2 was performed except that 2.0 g of a powder type vinyl acetate / ethylene resin emulsion was added to 1 L of artificial soil.
In the water drop test, the penetration time was 3 seconds and the permeability was poor. In the artificial rain test, the remaining surface area was about 90%, and the erosion prevention effect was great. In the surface water test, 6 mL of water did not penetrate and strong water repellency was observed.
The results of Reference Example 2, Example 3, and Comparative Examples 3 to 4 are shown in Table 2.
[0011]
[Table 2]
As can be seen in Table 2, the artificial soil of Reference Example 2 in which water-swellable crosslinked sodium polyacrylate as a water-absorbing resin and sodium dialkylsulfosuccinate as a surfactant are added and mixed has good permeability. However, the erosion prevention effect is small. In addition to the water-absorbent resin and the surfactant, the artificial soil of Example 3 in which a powder type vinyl acetate / ethylene resin emulsion as an erosion inhibitor and a polyacrylamide as a thickener were added and mixed was effective in preventing erosion. Is also big. The artificial soil of Comparative Example 4 in which only the vinyl acetate / ethylene resin emulsion, which is an erosion inhibitor, is added and mixed has a large erosion prevention effect, but has poor permeability and water repellency.
[0013]
【The invention's effect】
Since the soil drying inhibitor of the present invention contains a surfactant, the water repellency of the soil is suppressed, and rainwater easily penetrates into the soil. When water permeates into the soil, the water-absorbing resin can act as a water retention agent to absorb and retain water, and protect plants from damage caused by drying for a long time. In addition, since it contains a thickener, it is possible to improve the bonding force and form a consolidated layer rich in weather resistance and flexibility. The water-absorbing resin retaining water exhibits water's original function by releasing water as necessary. According to the soil drying prevention method of the present invention, the germination and growth of plants are improved. In particular, when a concrete or plastic frame is installed on a slope and greening is performed, the frame becomes an obstacle and the rain falls. Although there is a problem that water does not easily permeate and is easy to dry, according to the present invention, power is exhibited in such greening work.
Claims (4)
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| JP2002063630A JP4048800B2 (en) | 2002-03-08 | 2002-03-08 | Spray material and slope protection method |
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| WO2015122333A1 (en) * | 2014-02-12 | 2015-08-20 | 電気化学工業株式会社 | Soil erosion prevention agent |
| WO2016204290A1 (en) * | 2015-06-18 | 2016-12-22 | デンカ株式会社 | Soil erosion inhibitor having excellent freezing and melting stability |
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| JP5558663B2 (en) * | 2006-10-02 | 2014-07-23 | 株式会社加藤組 | Water retention agent, method for producing water retention agent, method for producing water retention structure, and water retention agent |
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| WO2015122333A1 (en) * | 2014-02-12 | 2015-08-20 | 電気化学工業株式会社 | Soil erosion prevention agent |
| JPWO2015122333A1 (en) * | 2014-02-12 | 2017-03-30 | デンカ株式会社 | Soil erosion inhibitor |
| US10479939B2 (en) | 2014-02-12 | 2019-11-19 | Denka Company Limited | Soil erosion prevention agent |
| US10703972B2 (en) | 2014-10-02 | 2020-07-07 | Denka Company Limited | Soil erosion inhibitor |
| WO2016204290A1 (en) * | 2015-06-18 | 2016-12-22 | デンカ株式会社 | Soil erosion inhibitor having excellent freezing and melting stability |
| CN107709671A (en) * | 2015-06-18 | 2018-02-16 | 电化株式会社 | Freeze the excellent soil erosion preventing agent of steady dissolution |
| US10519372B2 (en) | 2015-06-18 | 2019-12-31 | Denka Company Limited | Soil erosion prevention agent excellent in freeze-thaw stability |
| US10150916B2 (en) | 2015-11-30 | 2018-12-11 | Denka Company Limited | Soil erosion preventer having high freezing and thawing stability |
| WO2022270078A1 (en) * | 2021-06-24 | 2022-12-29 | デンカ株式会社 | Emulsion composition and soil erosion inhibitor |
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