JP4048538B2 - Grommet - Google Patents

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Publication number
JP4048538B2
JP4048538B2 JP2002379277A JP2002379277A JP4048538B2 JP 4048538 B2 JP4048538 B2 JP 4048538B2 JP 2002379277 A JP2002379277 A JP 2002379277A JP 2002379277 A JP2002379277 A JP 2002379277A JP 4048538 B2 JP4048538 B2 JP 4048538B2
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JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
inner member
panel
lock
grommet
locking
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
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JP2002379277A
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Japanese (ja)
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JP2004215334A (en
Inventor
一男 榎本
健 長谷川
睦 諏訪田
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Fujikura Ltd
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Fujikura Ltd
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Priority to JP2002379277A priority Critical patent/JP4048538B2/en
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  • Details Of Indoor Wiring (AREA)
  • Installation Of Indoor Wiring (AREA)

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
この発明は、自動車の車体や電気機器等のパネルの開口部に電線を通すためのグロメットに関し、代表的な例としては、自動車の車体パネルの貫通穴に、ワイヤハーネスを内部に挿通した状態で装着するグロメットがあり、特に、車体パネルに対してグロメットが正規装着状態で確実に装着されているか否かを一目で確認できるようにしたグロメットに関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来、自動車のエンジンルーム側の室外と室内側との隔壁を構成する車体パネル等を通してワイヤハーネスを配線する場合、車体パネルに形成された開口部にグロメットを介してワイヤハーネスを貫通させている。この種のグロメット100としては、図6に示すように、ゴムあるいはエラストマーから成形されるアウター部材101とパネル開口部へ挿入される樹脂製のインナー部材102とから成る。アウター部材101は、ワイヤハーネスの外周に密着する小径の筒部103と、この小径の筒部103の一端側に形成されインナー部材102を保持する台座部104と、この台座部104の内周側に形成されパネルに押し付けて水をシールするシール部105と、電線間から水の浸入を防ぐための遮水剤注入部106とから構成されている。また、インナー部材102は、筒部107と、筒部107の外周部に設けた複数の係止用ロック108と、筒部107の後端側に形成されたフランジ109(図6参照)とから構成されている。図7及び図8は、パネル10の開口部10Aに図6に示すグロメット100を装着した状態を示す。
【0003】
図6ないし図8に示す従来のグロメット100では、例えば係止用ロック108を4ヶ設けた場合、図8に示すようなボックス型のパネル10に装着したときに下側の2ヶの係止用ロック108が目視できず、ロックされているかどうか確認することができない。また、パネル10の板厚が厚い場合、複数の係止用ロック108が同時にロックすることは稀であり、一部の非ロック個所を見落すおそれがあった。
【0004】
そこで、係止用ロックがグロメットをパネルに装着したときに確実にロックしているかどうかを容易に確認できるようにしたもの(例えば、特許文献1参照)も開発された。これは、ワイヤハーネスの外周に密着する小径筒部と、該小径筒部の一端より拡径すると共に外周面に車体パネルの貫通穴に係合する係合溝を有する拡径部とを備え、上記係合溝の側壁端縁より貫通穴周縁の車体パネルに圧接するシールリップを突設してなるグロメットにおいて、上記シールリップの外面に、グロメットの色とは異なる色からなる装着確認用目印を設け、シールリップが径方向の外向きに変形して車体パネルに圧接すると上記装着確認用目印が外観できる構成としたものである。
【0005】
【特許文献1】
特開平9−63386号公報(第3−4頁、図1)
【0006】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
特許文献1に記載のものでも、図8のようなボックス型のパネル10に装着した場合には、下側のシールグリップは目視できず、ロック状態を確認することはできなかった。
【0007】
そこで、この発明は、グロメットのパネル装着が確実になされているかどうかの確認が一目でわかるようにしたグロメットを提供することを目的とする。
【0008】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上述の目的を達成するため、この発明は、外周部に車体や電気機器等のパネルの開口部の一方の片面に係止される複数の係止用ロックを設けたインナー部材と、このインナー部材の一端側の外周部を取囲むようにインナー部材に取付けられ前記パネルの開口部の他方の片面に装着されるシール部を設けたアウター部材と、このアウター部材に設けられた電線を通すための筒部とを備えたグロメットにおいて、前記インナー部材の外周部に係止用ロックとは別に目印用ロックを設け、このインナー部材をパネルの開口部に挿入してパネルの一方の片面に係止させた後さらにインナー部材を挿入したときに目印用ロックをパネルに係止するように構成し、この目印用ロックを視認可能なインナー部材の外周部個所に設け、前記インナー部材をパネルの開口部に挿入してパネルの一方の片面に係止させた後さらにインナー部材を挿入したときに目印用ロックをパネルに係止するように構成し、前記係止用ロックがパネルに係止する直前のインナー部材の前端面からパネルまでの高さをh 、前記目印用ロックがパネルに係止する直前のインナー部材の前端面からパネルまでの高さをh とすると、h <h の関係にあるものである。
【0009】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下に、この発明の好適な実施例を図面を参照にして説明する。
【0010】
図1に示す実施例において、グロメット1はインナー部材2とアウター部材3とから構成してあり、インナー部材2の筒部4の外周部4Aに車体や電気機器等のパネル10の開口部10Aの一方の片面に係止される複数の係止用ロック5を設けてある。さらに、インナー部材2の外周部4Aには係止用ロック5とは別に目印用ロック6を設けてある。この目印用ロック6は視認可能な個所に設けてある。図示する実施例では、2つの係止用ロック5の中間部分に設けてある。
【0011】
上述したインナー部材2と組合されるアウター部材3はインナー部材2の一端側の外周部を取囲むように設けたシール部7を、インナー部材2を保持する台座部8と、この台座部8の外側に形成された遮水剤注入部9と、電線の外周に密着する小径の筒部11とからなるものである。また、アウター部材3はゴムあるいはエラストマーから成形される。このアウター部材3の構成は従来例として説明したものと同様である。
【0012】
図2は、パネル10にグロメット1を装着した状態を示し、目印用ロック6がパネル10の一方の片面に係止された状態を示す。インナー部材2をパネル10の開口部10Aに挿入してゆくと、目印用ロック6が筒部4側へ押し付けられ、この目印用ロック6が開口部10Aから抜け出た状態ではそのばね力により筒部4から遠ざかる方向へ戻る。この目印用ロック6が戻った状態においてその先端はパネル10の一方の片面に係止する。また、シール部7はパネル10の他方の片面に水密性を保って密接する。アウター部材3の台座部8は、インナー部材2のフランジ4Bに装着されている。
【0013】
前記インナー部材2は射出成形などにより成形された樹脂製のものが好適に使用できる。前記係止用ロック5と目印用ロック6とは、インナー部材2の筒部4の前端面側に一端側が固着され、自由端側はインナー部材2から浮かされ、この自由端がインナー部材2側へ押された後に元に復帰するばね性を有する板ばね状部材から成っている。このような板ばね状の樹脂製のロック5,6は、インナー部材2を合成樹脂材料から成形するときに、これらロック5,6も同時成形される。また、板ばね状部材から形成した目印用ロック6は、係止用ロック5の幅よりも大きく(例えば2倍程度)形成しておくことにより、目視し易いものとなる。
【0014】
図3及び図4は、パネル10の開口部10Aにインナー部材2を挿入して係止用ロック5及び目印用ロック6が共に係止する寸前の状態を示す断面であり、係止用ロック5がパネル10に係止する直前のインナー部材2の前端面からパネル10までの高さをh、目印用ロック6がパネル10に係止する直前のインナー部材2の前端面からパネル10までの高さをhとすると、h<hの関係にある。このようにh<hの関係にあることにより、係止用ロック5がパネル10に係止した後に目印用ロック6がパネル10に係止するようになる。これにより、係止用ロック5の掛かり状態を目印用ロック6を目視することにより確認することができる。なお、係止用ロック5の自由端にはパネル10の開口部10Aの角部に係止するための係止段部5Aが形成してある。
【0015】
図5に示す他の実施例では、目印用ロック6にインナー部材2の外周部4Aとは異なる着色を施してある。これにより目印用ロック6を目視し易くなる。
【0016】
上述した実施例では、目印用ロック6は一個所にのみ設けたが、二個所以上目印用ロック6を設けることも可能である。また、上述した実施例におけるインナー部材2は、左右ほぼ同じ大きさに二分割された2部材から形成してあり、比較的大きな開口部10Aに装着するようなグロメット1の場合には、このようにインナー部材2を二分割するのが製作上等からも好ましい。
【0017】
【発明の効果】
以上説明したように、この発明によれば、外周部に車体や電気機器等のパネルの開口部の一方の片面に係止される複数の係止用ロックを設けたインナー部材と、このインナー部材の一端側の外周部を取囲むようにインナー部材に取付けられ前記パネルの開口部の他方の片面に装着されるシール部を設けたアウター部材と、このアウター部材に設けられた電線を通すための筒部とを備えたグロメットにおいて、前記インナー部材の外周部に係止用ロックとは別に目印用ロックを設け、このインナー部材をパネルの開口部に挿入してパネルの一方の片面に係止させた後さらにインナー部材を挿入したときに目印用ロックをパネルに係止するように構成し、この目印用ロックを視認可能なインナー部材の外周部個所に設けたので、目印用ロックの係止状態を確認することにより、係止用ロックの係止状態を正確に確認することができる。また、目印用ロックの係止を係止用ロックの係止がなされた直後に行わせるために、係止用ロックがパネルに係止する直前のインナー部材の前端面からパネルまでの高さをh、目印用ロックがパネルに係止する直前のインナー部材の前端面からパネルまでの高さをhとすると、h<hの関係とすることにより、容易に実現することができる。また、目印用ロックに着色を施すことにより或いは目印用ロックを係止用ロックよりも大きく形成することにより目視して確認することがきわめて容易となる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】この発明の好適な実施例を示す斜視図。
【図2】目印用ロックがパネルに係合した状態の断面図。
【図3】係止用ロックが係止する直前の断面図。
【図4】目印用ロックが係止する直前の断面図。
【図5】他の実施例を示す斜視図。
【図6】従来例を示す斜視図。
【図7】係止用ロックがパネルに係止した状態の断面図。
【図8】パネルに従来のグロメットを装着した状態の斜視図。
【符号の説明】
1 グロメット
2 インナー部材
3 アウター部材
4 筒部
4A 外周部
5 係止用ロック
6 目印用ロック
7 シール部
11 筒部
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a grommet for passing an electric wire through an opening of a panel of an automobile body or an electric device. As a typical example, a wire harness is inserted into a through hole of an automobile body panel. More particularly, the present invention relates to a grommet that can confirm at a glance whether or not the grommet is securely attached to the vehicle body panel in a regular attachment state.
[0002]
[Prior art]
2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, when wiring a wire harness through a vehicle body panel or the like that forms a partition between an outdoor side and an indoor side of an automobile engine room side, the wire harness is passed through an opening formed in the vehicle body panel through a grommet. As shown in FIG. 6, this type of grommet 100 includes an outer member 101 formed from rubber or elastomer and a resin inner member 102 inserted into the panel opening. The outer member 101 includes a small-diameter cylindrical portion 103 that is in close contact with the outer periphery of the wire harness, a pedestal portion 104 that is formed on one end side of the small-diameter cylindrical portion 103 and holds the inner member 102, and an inner peripheral side of the pedestal portion 104 The seal portion 105 is pressed against the panel and seals water, and the water shielding agent injection portion 106 for preventing water from entering between the wires. The inner member 102 includes a cylindrical portion 107, a plurality of locking locks 108 provided on the outer peripheral portion of the cylindrical portion 107, and a flange 109 (see FIG. 6) formed on the rear end side of the cylindrical portion 107. It is configured. 7 and 8 show a state where the grommet 100 shown in FIG.
[0003]
In the conventional grommet 100 shown in FIGS. 6 to 8, for example, when four locking locks 108 are provided, the two lower locks when mounted on the box-type panel 10 as shown in FIG. 8. The lock 108 cannot be visually checked, and it cannot be confirmed whether it is locked. Further, when the panel 10 is thick, it is rare that the plurality of locking locks 108 are locked at the same time, and there is a possibility that a part of the non-locking portions may be overlooked.
[0004]
In view of this, a device has also been developed that can easily confirm whether or not the locking lock is securely locked when the grommet is attached to the panel (see, for example, Patent Document 1). This includes a small-diameter cylindrical portion that is in close contact with the outer periphery of the wire harness, and a large-diameter portion that has an engaging groove that engages with a through-hole of the vehicle body panel on the outer peripheral surface while expanding from one end of the small-diameter cylindrical portion, In the grommet formed by projecting a seal lip that presses against the body panel at the periphery of the through hole from the side wall edge of the engagement groove, a mounting confirmation mark having a color different from the color of the grommet is provided on the outer surface of the seal lip. When the seal lip is deformed outward in the radial direction and pressed against the vehicle body panel, the mounting confirmation mark can be seen.
[0005]
[Patent Document 1]
JP-A-9-63386 (page 3-4, FIG. 1)
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Even in the case of the one described in Patent Document 1, when it is mounted on the box-type panel 10 as shown in FIG. 8, the lower seal grip cannot be visually observed, and the locked state cannot be confirmed.
[0007]
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a grommet that can be confirmed at a glance whether or not the grommet panel is securely attached.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above-described object, the present invention includes an inner member provided with a plurality of locking locks that are locked to one side of an opening of a panel of a vehicle body, an electric device, or the like on an outer peripheral portion, and the inner member. An outer member that is attached to the inner member so as to surround the outer peripheral portion on one end of the panel and that is provided with a seal portion that is attached to the other side of the opening of the panel, and for passing an electric wire provided on the outer member In the grommet provided with the cylindrical portion, a mark lock is provided on the outer peripheral portion of the inner member separately from the locking lock, and the inner member is inserted into the opening of the panel and locked to one side of the panel. further configured to lock the mark lock the panel upon insertion of the inner member after, provided the locking this marker on the outer periphery point of the visible inner member, panel said inner member It is configured to lock the mark lock to the panel when the inner member is further inserted after being inserted into the opening of the panel and locked to one side of the panel, and the lock for locking is locked to the panel If the height from the front end surface of the inner member immediately before the operation to the panel is h 1 , and the height from the front end surface of the inner member immediately before the mark lock to the panel to the panel is h 2 , h 1 < one in which the relationship of h 2.
[0009]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
[0010]
In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the grommet 1 includes an inner member 2 and an outer member 3, and an opening 10 </ b> A of a panel 10 such as a vehicle body or an electric device is formed on the outer peripheral portion 4 </ b> A of the cylindrical portion 4 of the inner member 2. A plurality of locking locks 5 that are locked to one side are provided. Further, a mark lock 6 is provided on the outer peripheral portion 4 </ b> A of the inner member 2 separately from the locking lock 5. The mark lock 6 is provided at a visible position. In the illustrated embodiment, it is provided in the middle part between the two locking locks 5.
[0011]
The outer member 3 combined with the inner member 2 described above includes a seal portion 7 provided so as to surround the outer peripheral portion on one end side of the inner member 2, a pedestal portion 8 that holds the inner member 2, and the pedestal portion 8. It consists of a water-blocking agent injection part 9 formed on the outside and a small-diameter cylindrical part 11 that is in close contact with the outer periphery of the electric wire. The outer member 3 is formed from rubber or elastomer. The configuration of the outer member 3 is the same as that described as the conventional example.
[0012]
FIG. 2 shows a state where the grommet 1 is attached to the panel 10, and shows a state where the mark lock 6 is locked to one side of the panel 10. When the inner member 2 is inserted into the opening 10A of the panel 10, the mark lock 6 is pressed toward the cylinder part 4, and when the mark lock 6 is pulled out from the opening 10A, the cylinder part is caused by its spring force. Return in a direction away from 4. In a state where the mark lock 6 is returned, the tip end is engaged with one side of the panel 10. Further, the seal portion 7 is in close contact with the other surface of the panel 10 while maintaining water tightness. The pedestal portion 8 of the outer member 3 is attached to the flange 4 </ b> B of the inner member 2.
[0013]
The inner member 2 is preferably made of resin molded by injection molding or the like. One end of each of the locking lock 5 and the mark lock 6 is fixed to the front end face side of the cylindrical portion 4 of the inner member 2, the free end is floated from the inner member 2, and the free end is directed to the inner member 2 side. It consists of a leaf spring-like member having a spring property that returns to its original state after being pushed. Such plate spring-like resin locks 5 and 6 are simultaneously formed when the inner member 2 is formed from a synthetic resin material. Further, the mark lock 6 formed from a leaf spring-like member is formed to be larger than the width of the locking lock 5 (for example, about twice), thereby making it easy to visually check.
[0014]
3 and 4 are cross-sectional views showing a state immediately before the locking member 5 and the mark lock 6 are locked together by inserting the inner member 2 into the opening 10A of the panel 10. H 1 is the height from the front end surface of the inner member 2 immediately before locking to the panel 10 to the panel 10, and the height from the front end surface of the inner member 2 immediately before the mark lock 6 is locked to the panel 10 to the panel 10. When the height is h 2 , the relationship is h 1 <h 2 . Thus, by having a relationship of h 1 <h 2 , the mark lock 6 is locked to the panel 10 after the locking lock 5 is locked to the panel 10. Thereby, the hooking state of the locking lock 5 can be confirmed by visually observing the mark lock 6. A locking step 5A for locking to the corner of the opening 10A of the panel 10 is formed at the free end of the locking lock 5.
[0015]
In another embodiment shown in FIG. 5, the mark lock 6 is colored differently from the outer peripheral portion 4 </ b> A of the inner member 2. This makes it easier to visually check the mark lock 6.
[0016]
In the embodiment described above, the mark lock 6 is provided only at one place, but it is possible to provide the mark lock 6 at two or more places. Further, the inner member 2 in the above-described embodiment is formed of two members divided into two substantially the same size on the left and right sides. In the case of the grommet 1 to be mounted in the relatively large opening 10A, this is the case. The inner member 2 is preferably divided into two parts from the viewpoint of production.
[0017]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, an inner member provided with a plurality of locking locks that are locked to one side of an opening of a panel of a vehicle body, an electric device or the like on the outer periphery, and the inner member An outer member that is attached to the inner member so as to surround the outer peripheral portion on one end of the panel and that is provided with a seal portion that is attached to the other side of the opening of the panel, and for passing an electric wire provided on the outer member In the grommet provided with the cylindrical portion, a mark lock is provided on the outer peripheral portion of the inner member separately from the locking lock, and the inner member is inserted into the opening of the panel and locked to one side of the panel. After that, when the inner member is further inserted, the mark lock is configured to be locked to the panel, and the mark lock is provided at the outer peripheral portion of the inner member so that it can be visually recognized. By checking the status, it is possible to see exactly locked state of the locking engagement. In addition, the height from the front end surface of the inner member to the panel immediately before the locking lock is locked to the panel is increased so that the mark lock is locked immediately after the locking lock is locked. h 1 , where h 2 is the height from the front end surface of the inner member immediately before the mark lock is locked to the panel to the panel, it can be easily realized by satisfying the relationship of h 1 <h 2. . In addition, it is very easy to visually confirm by coloring the mark lock or by forming the mark lock larger than the locking lock.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a state in which a mark lock is engaged with a panel.
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view immediately before a locking lock is locked.
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view immediately before a mark lock is locked.
FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing another embodiment.
FIG. 6 is a perspective view showing a conventional example.
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view showing a state in which a locking lock is locked to the panel.
FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a state in which a conventional grommet is attached to the panel.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Grommet 2 Inner member 3 Outer member 4 Cylinder part 4A Outer peripheral part 5 Locking lock 6 Marking lock 7 Sealing part 11 Cylinder part

Claims (5)

外周部に車体や電気機器等のパネルの開口部の一方の片面に係止される複数の係止用ロックを設けたインナー部材と、このインナー部材の一端側の外周部を取囲むようにインナー部材に取付けられ前記パネルの開口部の他方の片面に装着されるシール部を設けたアウター部材と、このアウター部材に設けられた電線を通すための筒部とを備えたグロメットにおいて、
前記インナー部材の外周部に係止用ロックとは別に視認可能な目印用ロックを設け
前記インナー部材をパネルの開口部に挿入してパネルの一方の片面に係止させた後さらにインナー部材を挿入したときに目印用ロックをパネルに係止するように構成し、
前記係止用ロックがパネルに係止する直前のインナー部材の前端面からパネルまでの高さをh 、前記目印用ロックがパネルに係止する直前のインナー部材の前端面からパネルまでの高さをh とすると、h <h の関係にあることを特徴とするグロメット。
An inner member provided with a plurality of locking locks that are locked to one side of an opening of a panel of a vehicle body, an electric device, or the like on an outer peripheral portion, and an inner member that surrounds the outer peripheral portion on one end side of the inner member In a grommet provided with an outer member provided with a seal portion attached to the member and attached to the other side of the opening of the panel, and a cylindrical portion for passing an electric wire provided in the outer member,
Provide a mark lock that can be visually recognized separately from the locking lock on the outer periphery of the inner member ,
After the inner member is inserted into the opening of the panel and locked to one side of the panel, the mark lock is configured to be locked to the panel when the inner member is further inserted.
The height from the front end surface of the inner member immediately before the locking lock to the panel to the panel is h 1 , and the height from the front end surface of the inner member to the panel just before the mark lock is locked to the panel. grommet When h 2, characterized in that a relationship of h 1 <h 2 a of.
前記目印用ロックにインナー部材の外周部とは異なる着色を施したことを特徴とする請求項1に記載のグロメット。The grommet according to claim 1, wherein the mark lock is colored differently from the outer peripheral portion of the inner member . 前記目印用ロックの大きさを係止用ロックの大きさよりも大きく形成したことを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載のグロメット。The grommet according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the size of the mark lock is larger than the size of the locking lock . 前記係止用ロックと目印用ロックとは、インナー部材の前端面側に一端側が固着され、自由端側はインナー部材から浮かされ、この自由端がインナー部材側へ押された後に元に復帰するばね性を有する板ばね状部材から成るものであることを特徴とする請求項1ないし3のいずれか1項に記載のグロメット。The locking lock and the mark lock are springs whose one end is fixed to the front end surface side of the inner member, the free end is floated from the inner member, and returns to its original state after the free end is pushed to the inner member side. The grommet according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the grommet is made of a leaf spring member having a property . インナー部材が合成樹脂材料から成形され、インナー部材の成形時に係止用ロックと目印用ロックが同時成形されることを特徴とする請求項1ないし4のいずれか1項に記載のグロメット。The grommet according to any one of claims 1 to 4 , wherein the inner member is formed from a synthetic resin material, and the locking lock and the mark lock are simultaneously formed when the inner member is formed .
JP2002379277A 2002-12-27 2002-12-27 Grommet Expired - Fee Related JP4048538B2 (en)

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KR100851138B1 (en) 2005-08-23 2008-08-08 기아자동차주식회사 grommet structure for door wiring of vehicle
JP4892331B2 (en) * 2006-12-20 2012-03-07 日信工業株式会社 Grommet
US7915534B2 (en) 2007-09-11 2011-03-29 The Furukawa Electric Co., Ltd. Grommet
JP4974182B2 (en) * 2007-09-11 2012-07-11 古河電気工業株式会社 Grommet
JP5922527B2 (en) * 2012-08-06 2016-05-24 矢崎総業株式会社 Grommet
JP2016059188A (en) * 2014-09-11 2016-04-21 住友電装株式会社 Grommet and wire harness with grommet
JP6749789B2 (en) * 2016-05-20 2020-09-02 矢崎総業株式会社 Grommet inner, grommet, and wire harness

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