JP4024907B2 - Optical glass - Google Patents
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- JP4024907B2 JP4024907B2 JP25430797A JP25430797A JP4024907B2 JP 4024907 B2 JP4024907 B2 JP 4024907B2 JP 25430797 A JP25430797 A JP 25430797A JP 25430797 A JP25430797 A JP 25430797A JP 4024907 B2 JP4024907 B2 JP 4024907B2
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C3/00—Glass compositions
- C03C3/04—Glass compositions containing silica
- C03C3/062—Glass compositions containing silica with less than 40% silica by weight
- C03C3/064—Glass compositions containing silica with less than 40% silica by weight containing boron
- C03C3/068—Glass compositions containing silica with less than 40% silica by weight containing boron containing rare earths
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Glass Compositions (AREA)
Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、屈折率(nd)が1.60〜1.68、アッベ数(νd)が55以上の光学恒数を有する光学ガラスに関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来、前記範囲の光学恒数を有する光学ガラスとして、例えば、SiO2、B2O3およびBaOを基本的成分とするガラスが知られている。この組成系のガラスは、溶融時の安定性に優れているものの化学的耐久性が非常に劣っており、ガラスの研磨および洗浄工程や、レンズとしての長期間にわたる使用過程において、ガラス表面にヤケや風化作用による侵蝕が生じやすく、上記従来のガラスの加工および使用に際しては特別な注意を要した。また、上記従来のガラスは、BaO成分を比較的多量に含有しているため比重が大きくなる傾向があり、さらに、調合原料を溶融する際にSiO2成分が融液表面に分離しやすく、均質なガラスが得にくいという問題点がある。
【0003】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明の目的は、上記従来技術に見られる諸欠点を解消し、前記所定の範囲の光学恒数を有し、溶融性および化学的耐久性が優れ、Y2O3、Gd2O3およびTa2O5のような原料価格の高い成分を含有しない、もしくは、必須成分としない、失透が生じにくい安定な光学ガラスを提供することにある。
【0004】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者は、前記課題を解決するために鋭意試験研究を重ねた結果、特定組成範囲のSiO2−B2O3―CaO−La2O3系ガラスに、Al2O3およびLi2Oを必須成分として添加することによって、前記目的を達成し得ることを見いだし本発明をなすに至った。
【0005】
すなわち、前記目的を達成するための本発明の光学ガラスは、請求項1に記載のとおり、重量%で、SiO2 5<〜20%、B2O3 40〜50%(40%を除く)、Al2O3 0.1〜10%未満、La2O3 16.5〜30%、CaO 10〜30%、Li2O 0.1〜2%未満、Na2O 0〜1.9%、K2O 0〜1.9%、ただし、R2O(R2OはLi2O、Na2OおよびK2O)の合計量0.1〜2%未満、MgO 0〜5%、SrO 0〜5%、BaO 0〜15%、ZnO 0〜15%TiO2 0〜3%、ZrO2 0〜5%、Nb2O5 0〜5%、Ta2O5 0〜5%、WO3 0〜5%、Sb2O3 0〜1%およびF2 0〜5%を含有し、Y 2 O 3 を含有しないことを特徴とする。
【0006】
また、本発明の光学ガラスの好ましい態様は、請求項2に記載のとおり、重量%で、SiO2 8〜15%、B2O3 40〜50%(40%を除く)、ただし、SiO2+B2O3 50%以上、Al2O3 0.3〜5%、La2O3 18〜25%、CaO 18〜25%、Li2O 0.1〜2%未満、Na2O 0〜2%未満、K2O 0〜2%未満、ただし、R2O(R2OはLi2O、Na2OおよびK2O)の合計量0.1〜2%未満、MgO 0〜5%、SrO 0〜5%、BaO 0〜10%、ZnO 0〜10%ZrO2 0〜5%、Ta2O5 0〜5%、Sb2O3 0〜0.5%およびF2 0〜5%を含有し、Y 2 O 3 、TiO2、Nb2O5およびWO3を含有しないことを特徴とする。
【0007】
また、本発明の光学ガラスの好ましい態様は、請求項3に記載のとおり、重量%で、SiO2 8〜15%、B2O3 40〜50%(40%を除く)、Al2O3 0.3〜5%、La2O3 18〜25%、CaO 18〜25%、Li2O 0.1〜2%未満、Na2O 0〜2%未満、K2O 0〜2%未満、ただし、R2O(R2OはLi2O、Na2OおよびK2O)の1種または2種以上の合計量0.1〜2%未満、MgO 0〜5%、SrO 0〜5%、BaO 0〜10%、ただし、上記R2OとRO(ROはCaO、MgO、SrOおよびBaO)との合計量19%以上、ZnO 0〜10%ZrO2 0〜5%、Ta2O5 0〜5%、Sb2O3 0〜0.5%およびF2 0〜5%を含有し、Y 2 O 3 、TiO2、Nb2O5およびWO3を含有しないところにある。
【0008】
また、本発明の光学ガラスの特に好ましい態様は、請求項4に記載のとおり、重量%で、SiO2 8〜15%、B2O3 40〜50%(40%を除く)、ただし、SiO2+B2O3 50%以上、Al2O3 0.3〜5%、La2O3 18〜25%、CaO 18〜25%、Li2O 0.1〜2%未満、Na2O 0〜2%未満、K2O 0〜2%未満、ただし、R2O(R2OはLi2O、Na2OおよびK2O)の1種または2種以上の合計量0.1〜2%未満、MgO 0〜5%、SrO 0〜5%、BaO 0〜10%、ただし、上記R2OとRO(ROはCaO、MgO、SrOおよびBaO)との合計量19%以上、ZnO 0〜10%ZrO2 0〜5%、Ta2O5 0〜5%、Sb2O3 0〜0.5%およびF2 0〜5%を含有し、Y 2 O 3 、TiO2、Nb2O5およびWO3を含有しないことを特徴とする。
【0009】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明の光学ガラスにおいて、各成分を前記組成範囲に限定した理由を以下に述べる。
SiO2およびB2O3成分は、ガラス形成酸化物であり、本発明において、ガラス化範囲を広くし、かつ、ガラスに適度な粘度を持たせるのに有効である。SiO2成分は、その量が5%以下では上記効果が不十分であり、20%を超えると混合原料の溶融性が悪くなり、未溶融物を生じやすくなる。また、B2O3成分は、その量が35%未満の場合および55%を超える場合、所望の屈折率のガラスを得にくくなる。特に均質性の良いガラスを得るためには、SiO2成分の量を8〜15%、B2O3成分の量を40〜50%とすることが好ましい。さらに、一段と安定なガラスを得るためには、SiO2成分およびB2O3成分の合計量を50%以上とすることがより好ましい。
【0010】
Al2O3成分は、ガラスの化学的耐久性の向上や粘度の調整、および失透に対する安定化に効果がある。しかし、その量が0.1%未満では、上記効果が十分でなく、また、10%以上になると、かえって失透性が増大し好ましくない。より好ましい量は0.3〜5%である。
【0011】
La2O3成分は、ガラスの化学的耐久性および耐失透性を向上させるとともに、分散をあまり大きくすることなしに屈折率を高め、高屈折率を有する安定なガラスを得るのに有効な成分である。その量が16.5%未満であるとガラスの化学的耐久性や耐失透性が不十分であり、また30%を超えると所望の屈折率が得られなくなる。所望の光学恒数を有し、かつ、失透のない均質なガラスを得るには、La2O3成分の量が18〜25%の範囲であることがより好ましい。
【0012】
CaO成分は、ガラスの化学的耐久性、耐失透性およびガラス原料の溶融性を向上するのに効果がある。CaO成分の量が10%未満では上記効果が十分でなく、また、所望の光学恒数を得がたい。また、その量が30%を超えるとかえって失透化傾向が増大し好ましくない。CaO成分のより好ましい量は18〜25%である。
【0013】
Li2O成分は、ガラス原料の溶融を促進するのに有効である。上記効果を得るためには、その量は0.1〜2%未満で十分であり、2%以上では、ガラス中に結晶が析出する傾向が増大するので好ましくない。また、Li2O成分の一部をNa2OおよびK2O成分の一方または両方で置き換えることが可能である。
【0014】
MgO、SrO、BaOおよびZnOの各成分は、ガラスの屈折率やアッベ数の調整、ガラス原料の溶融性の向上および耐失透性の改善のために有効であり、MgOおよびSrO成分をそれぞれ5%まで、また、BaOおよびZnO成分をそれぞれ15%まで加えることができる。なお、BaOおよびZnO成分の量は、それぞれ10%までとすることが、より好ましい。さらに、R2O成分(R2OはLi2O、Na2OおよびK2O)とRO成分(ROはCaO、MgO、SrOおよびBaO)との合計量は、19%以上とすることが、より好ましい。
【0015】
本発明のガラスには、屈折率やアッベ数の調整またはガラスの安定性向上のために、TiO2、ZrO2、Nb2O5、Ta2O5およびWO3の各成分を任意に添加し得るが、それらの量は、TiO2成分は3%まで、ZrO2、Nb2O5、Ta2O5およびWO3の各成分は、それぞれ5%までで十分である。しかし、TiO2、Nb2O5およびWO3成分は、短波長側におけるガラスの光線透過率を低くする傾向があるので、これらの成分を含有しないほうがより好ましい。
【0016】
Sb2O3成分は、ガラス溶融の際の清澄剤として任意に添加し得るが、その量は1%以下で十分であり、より適当な量は0.5%以下である。
また、本発明のガラスには、上記金属酸化物の各金属元素の弗化物を1種または2種以上添加してもよい。その量はF2として5%までである。
【0017】
【実施例】
次に、本発明にかかる光学ガラスの好適な実施例(No.1〜No.20)をこれらのガラスの屈折率(nd)およびアッベ数(νd)とともに表1および表2に示す。
【0018】
【表1】
【0019】
【表2】
【0020】
上記表1および表2の実施例の光学ガラスは、いずれも、溶融性に優れ、泡や脈理のない均質なガラスが得ることができ、失透に対する安定性も優れている。また、前記従来のSiO2、B2O3およびBaOを基本成分とするガラスと比較し、化学的耐久性が優れ、比重が小さい。
本発明にかかる上記実施例の光学ガラスは、酸化物、炭酸塩、水酸化物、硝酸塩及び弗化物等の通常の光学ガラス原料を秤量混合し、白金ルツボ等を用いて、約1200℃から1400℃で約2から4時間、溶融、清澄、攪拌した後、予熱した金型等に鋳込み、徐冷することにより、容易に製造することができる。
【0021】
【発明の効果】
以上述べたとおり、本発明の光学ガラスは、特定組成範囲のSiO2−B2O3―CaO−La2O3系ガラスに、Al2O3およびLi2Oを必須成分として添加したガラスであり、屈折率(nd)が1.60〜1.68、アッベ数(νd)が55以上の範囲の光学恒数を有し、溶融性および化学的耐久性が優れ、失透が生じにくい安定かつ均質な光学ガラスを得ることができる。さらに本発明の光学ガラスは、原料価格の高いY2O3およびGd2O3成分を含有せず、Ta2O5成分を必須成分としておらず、安価に製造し得るという点においても有用である。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an optical glass having an optical constant having a refractive index (nd) of 1.60 to 1.68 and an Abbe number (νd) of 55 or more.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, as an optical glass having an optical constant in the above range, for example, a glass containing SiO 2 , B 2 O 3 and BaO as basic components is known. Glass of this composition system is excellent in stability at the time of melting, but its chemical durability is very inferior, and the glass surface is burned in the polishing and cleaning process of the glass and in the use process for a long time as a lens. Erosion due to weathering is likely to occur, and special care was required when processing and using the conventional glass. In addition, the above-mentioned conventional glass tends to increase in specific gravity because it contains a relatively large amount of the BaO component. Further, when melting the preparation raw material, the SiO 2 component is easily separated on the melt surface and is homogeneous. There is a problem that it is difficult to obtain a glass.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The object of the present invention is to eliminate the above-mentioned drawbacks found in the prior art, to have the optical constants in the predetermined range, excellent in meltability and chemical durability, Y 2 O 3 , Gd 2 O 3 and It is an object of the present invention to provide a stable optical glass which does not contain a component with a high raw material price such as Ta 2 O 5 or does not make it an essential component and hardly causes devitrification.
[0004]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of intensive studies and studies to solve the above problems, the present inventor has added Al 2 O 3 and Li 2 O to SiO 2 —B 2 O 3 —CaO—La 2 O 3 glass having a specific composition range. It was found that the above-mentioned object can be achieved by adding as an essential component, and the present invention has been made.
[0005]
That is, the optical glass of the present invention for achieving the above object is, as described in claim 1, expressed by weight%, SiO 2 5 <˜20%, B 2 O 3 40-50% (excluding 40%). , Al 2 O 3 less than 0.1~10%, La 2 O 3 16.5~30 %, CaO 10~30%, Li 2 O less than 0.1~2%, Na 2 O 0~1.9% , K 2 O 0 to 1.9%, provided that the total amount of R 2 O (R 2 O is Li 2 O, Na 2 O and K 2 O) is less than 0.1 to 2%, MgO 0 to 5%, SrO 0~5%, BaO 0~15%, 0~15% TiO 2 0~3% ZnO, ZrO 2 0~5%, Nb 2 O 5 0~5%, Ta 2 O 5 0~5%, WO 3 0 to 5%, Sb 2 O 3 0 to 1% and F 2 0 to 5% are contained, and Y 2 O 3 is not contained .
[0006]
Further, a preferred embodiment of the optical glass of the present invention, (excluding 40%) as described in claim 2, in weight%, SiO 2 8~15%, B 2 O 3 40~50%, however, SiO 2 + B 2 O 3 50% or more, Al 2 O 3 0.3-5%, La 2 O 3 18-25%, CaO 18-25%, Li 2 O 0.1-2%, Na 2 O 0 Less than 2%, K 2 O 0 to less than 2%, except that the total amount of R 2 O (R 2 O is Li 2 O, Na 2 O and K 2 O) is less than 0.1 to 2%, MgO 0 to 5 %, SrO 0-5%, BaO 0-10%, ZnO 0-10% ZrO 2 0-5%, Ta 2 O 5 0-5%, Sb 2 O 3 0-0.5% and F 2 0 It is characterized by containing 5% and not containing Y 2 O 3 , TiO 2 , Nb 2 O 5 and WO 3 .
[0007]
Further, a preferred embodiment of the optical glass of the present invention, (excluding 40%) as described in claim 3, in weight%, SiO 2 8~15%, B 2 O 3 40~50%, Al 2 O 3 0.3~5%, La 2 O 3 18~25 %, CaO 18~25%, Li 2 O less than 0.1~2%, Na 2 O less than 0 to 2%, K less than 2 O 0 to 2% However, the total amount of one or more of R 2 O (R 2 O is Li 2 O, Na 2 O and K 2 O) is less than 0.1 to 2%, MgO 0 to 5%, SrO 0 to 5%, BaO 0-10%, provided that the total amount of R 2 O and RO (RO is CaO, MgO, SrO and BaO) is 19% or more, ZnO 0-10% ZrO 2 0-5%, Ta 2 O 5 0 to 5%, contains Sb 2 O 3 0~0.5% and F 2 0 to 5%, a Y 2 O 3, TiO 2, Nb 2 O 5 and WO 3 There is to do not have.
[0008]
Further, particularly preferred embodiments of the optical glass of the present invention are as described in claim 4 in terms of weight%, SiO 2 8-15%, B 2 O 3 40-50% (excluding 40%) , but SiO 2 2 + B 2 O 3 50% or more, Al 2 O 3 0.3-5%, La 2 O 3 18-25%, CaO 18-25%, Li 2 O 0.1-2%, Na 2 O 0 less than to 2% K 2 O less than 0-2%, provided that, R 2 O (R 2 O is Li 2 O, Na 2 O and K 2 O) 1 or more kinds of the total amount 0.1 of Less than 2%, MgO 0-5%, SrO 0-5%, BaO 0-10%, provided that the total amount of R 2 O and RO (RO is CaO, MgO, SrO and BaO) is 19% or more, ZnO 0~10% ZrO 2 0~5%, Ta 2 O 5 0~5%, contain Sb 2 O 3 0~0.5% and F 2 0~5%, Y 2 O 3 , TiO 2 , Nb 2 O 5 and WO 3 are not contained.
[0009]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The reason why each component of the optical glass of the present invention is limited to the above composition range will be described below.
The SiO 2 and B 2 O 3 components are glass-forming oxides, and are effective in widening the vitrification range and imparting an appropriate viscosity to the glass in the present invention. When the amount of the SiO 2 component is 5% or less, the above effect is insufficient. When the amount exceeds 20%, the meltability of the mixed raw material is deteriorated and an unmelted product is likely to be generated. Further, when the amount of the B 2 O 3 component is less than 35% or exceeds 55%, it becomes difficult to obtain a glass having a desired refractive index. In order to obtain glass with particularly good homogeneity, it is preferable that the amount of the SiO 2 component is 8 to 15% and the amount of the B 2 O 3 component is 40 to 50%. Furthermore, in order to obtain a more stable glass, the total amount of the SiO 2 component and the B 2 O 3 component is more preferably 50% or more.
[0010]
The Al 2 O 3 component is effective in improving the chemical durability of the glass, adjusting the viscosity, and stabilizing against devitrification. However, if the amount is less than 0.1%, the above effect is not sufficient, and if it is 10% or more, devitrification increases, which is not preferable. A more preferred amount is 0.3 to 5%.
[0011]
The La 2 O 3 component improves the chemical durability and devitrification resistance of the glass and increases the refractive index without increasing the dispersion too much, and is effective in obtaining a stable glass having a high refractive index. It is an ingredient. If the amount is less than 16.5%, the chemical durability and devitrification resistance of the glass are insufficient, and if it exceeds 30%, the desired refractive index cannot be obtained. In order to obtain a homogeneous glass having a desired optical constant and no devitrification, the amount of La 2 O 3 component is more preferably in the range of 18 to 25%.
[0012]
The CaO component is effective in improving the chemical durability, devitrification resistance, and meltability of the glass raw material. If the amount of the CaO component is less than 10%, the above effect is not sufficient, and it is difficult to obtain a desired optical constant. Moreover, when the amount exceeds 30%, the devitrification tendency increases, which is not preferable. A more preferable amount of the CaO component is 18 to 25%.
[0013]
The Li 2 O component is effective for promoting the melting of the glass raw material. In order to obtain the above effect, the amount is sufficient to be less than 0.1 to 2%, and if it is 2% or more, the tendency of crystals to precipitate in the glass increases, which is not preferable. Also, a part of the Li 2 O component can be replaced with one or both of the Na 2 O and K 2 O components.
[0014]
Each component of MgO, SrO, BaO and ZnO is effective for adjusting the refractive index and Abbe number of glass, improving the meltability of glass raw materials and improving devitrification resistance. %, And up to 15% each of BaO and ZnO components. The amounts of the BaO and ZnO components are more preferably up to 10% each. Furthermore, the total amount of the R 2 O component (R 2 O is Li 2 O, Na 2 O and K 2 O) and the RO component (RO is CaO, MgO, SrO and BaO) may be 19% or more. More preferable.
[0015]
In order to adjust the refractive index and the Abbe number or improve the stability of the glass, the glass of the present invention may optionally contain TiO 2 , ZrO 2 , Nb 2 O 5 , Ta 2 O 5 and WO 3 components. However, it is sufficient that the amount of TiO 2 component is 3% and that of ZrO 2 , Nb 2 O 5 , Ta 2 O 5 and WO 3 components is 5% each. However, since TiO 2 , Nb 2 O 5 and WO 3 components tend to lower the light transmittance of the glass on the short wavelength side, it is more preferable not to contain these components.
[0016]
The Sb 2 O 3 component can be optionally added as a fining agent during glass melting, but its amount is sufficient to be 1% or less, and a more appropriate amount is 0.5% or less.
Moreover, you may add 1 type, or 2 or more types of the fluoride of each metal element of the said metal oxide to the glass of this invention. The amount is up to 5% as F 2.
[0017]
【Example】
Next, preferred examples (No. 1 to No. 20 ) of the optical glass according to the present invention are shown in Tables 1 and 2 together with the refractive index (nd) and Abbe number (νd) of these glasses.
[0018]
[Table 1]
[0019]
[Table 2]
[0020]
The optical glasses of the examples in Table 1 and Table 2 are both excellent in meltability, capable of obtaining a homogeneous glass free from bubbles and striae, and excellent in stability against devitrification. Further, compared with the conventional glass containing SiO 2 , B 2 O 3 and BaO as basic components, the chemical durability is excellent and the specific gravity is small.
The optical glass of the above embodiment according to the present invention is prepared by weighing and mixing ordinary optical glass raw materials such as oxides, carbonates, hydroxides, nitrates and fluorides, and using a platinum crucible or the like, from about 1200 ° C. to 1400 ° C. After melting, clarifying, stirring for about 2 to 4 hours at ° C., it can be easily produced by casting into a preheated mold or the like and gradually cooling.
[0021]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, the optical glass of the present invention is a glass in which Al 2 O 3 and Li 2 O are added as essential components to a SiO 2 —B 2 O 3 —CaO—La 2 O 3 glass having a specific composition range. Yes, with an optical constant in the range of refractive index (nd) of 1.60 to 1.68 and Abbe number (νd) of 55 or more, excellent meltability and chemical durability, and stable devitrification A homogeneous optical glass can be obtained. Furthermore, the optical glass of the present invention does not contain Y 2 O 3 and Gd 2 O 3 components, which are expensive raw materials, and does not contain a Ta 2 O 5 component as an essential component, and is useful in that it can be manufactured at low cost. is there.
Claims (4)
Priority Applications (1)
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JP25430797A JP4024907B2 (en) | 1997-09-03 | 1997-09-03 | Optical glass |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP25430797A JP4024907B2 (en) | 1997-09-03 | 1997-09-03 | Optical glass |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JPH1179781A JPH1179781A (en) | 1999-03-23 |
JP4024907B2 true JP4024907B2 (en) | 2007-12-19 |
Family
ID=17263182
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP25430797A Expired - Fee Related JP4024907B2 (en) | 1997-09-03 | 1997-09-03 | Optical glass |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
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JP (1) | JP4024907B2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
TW524786B (en) * | 1998-01-23 | 2003-03-21 | Du Pont | Glass composition, castable dielectric composition and tape composition made therewith |
DE19820072C1 (en) * | 1998-05-06 | 1999-06-24 | Schott Glas | New lead-free optical lanthanum crown and flint glasses |
AU3233401A (en) | 2000-02-18 | 2001-08-27 | Nikon Corporation | Optical glass and projection aligner using the same |
JP3982752B2 (en) * | 2002-07-03 | 2007-09-26 | Hoya株式会社 | Optical glass, preform for press molding, and optical element |
JP2009143739A (en) * | 2007-12-11 | 2009-07-02 | Olympus Corp | Optical glass and optical device using the same |
JP2009143738A (en) * | 2007-12-11 | 2009-07-02 | Olympus Corp | Optical glass and optical device using the same |
JP2012126586A (en) * | 2010-12-13 | 2012-07-05 | Ohara Inc | Optical glass, preform, and optical element |
-
1997
- 1997-09-03 JP JP25430797A patent/JP4024907B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPH1179781A (en) | 1999-03-23 |
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