JP4024454B2 - IgE antibody production reducing agent and allergic constitution improving agent - Google Patents

IgE antibody production reducing agent and allergic constitution improving agent Download PDF

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JP4024454B2
JP4024454B2 JP2000098294A JP2000098294A JP4024454B2 JP 4024454 B2 JP4024454 B2 JP 4024454B2 JP 2000098294 A JP2000098294 A JP 2000098294A JP 2000098294 A JP2000098294 A JP 2000098294A JP 4024454 B2 JP4024454 B2 JP 4024454B2
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cells
raffinose
ige antibody
production
antigen
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JP2001288093A (en
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泰三 名倉
修一 上野川
敏志 八村
勉 有塚
晃司 佐山
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Nippon Beet Sugar Manufacturing Co Ltd
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Nippon Beet Sugar Manufacturing Co Ltd
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、アレルギーの予防及び治療に有効な、IgE抗体産生低減剤並びにアレルギー体質改善剤に関するものであり、詳細には、ラフィノースを有効成分とするIgE抗体産生低減剤、IgE抗体産生低減性食品組成物、アレルギー体質改着剤、アレルギー体質改善性食品組生物に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
アレルギーとは、本来、外敵(異物)を攻撃し、自己の防衛機能として働く免疫系が異常に過敏状態に陥り、自身の組織を攻撃することにより起こる疾患である。アレルギーの例には、アナフィラキシー、気管支喘息、アレルギー性鼻炎、じんま疹、薬物アレルギー、食物アレルギー、花粉症などの病態がある。このようなアレルギー病態の発症には、イムノグロブリンE(IgE)と呼ばれる抗体が中心的役割を担っている。
【0003】
IgE抗体が関与するアレルギーの発症機序は以下のように考えられている。すなわち、卵、牛乳、大豆などの食物抗原やダニ、花粉などの吸入坑原など各種外来抗原が体内に侵入し、これ抗原提示細胞が取り込み、CD4T(ヘルパーT)細胞に対して抗原提示する。抗原提示細胞によって提示された抗原を認識したヘルパーT細胞は、B細胞と相互作用し、B細胞を抗体産生細胞へ分化増殖させる。
【0004】
ヘルパーT細胞は、その産生するサイトカインの種類によって、主に細胞性免疫を誘導するI型ヘルパーT細胞(Th1細胞)と液性免疫を誘導するII型ヘルパーT細胞(Th2細胞)の2種類に分類される(Mosmann, T.R. et al.: J.Immunol., 136, 2348〜2357, 1986)。Th1細胞の産生するサイトカインは、インターロイキン2(IL−2)、インターフェロンγ(IFN−γ)、TGF−βであり、Th2細胞は、IL−4、IL−5、IL−6、IL−10、IL−13を産生する。抗原未感作なナイーブT細胞は、抗原提示細胞とIL−12を作用させるとTh1細胞に、抗原提示細胞とIL−4を作用させるとTh2細胞に分化することが知られている。
【0005】
アレルギー反応に関わるTh2細胞の相互作用を受けたB細胞は、抗体産生細胞に成熟・増殖し、IgM抗体次いでIgG1抗体を産生し、最終的にIgE抗体を産生するようになる。一方、Th1細胞の相互作用を受けたB細胞は、IgM抗体、IgG2a抗体、IgG2b抗体、IgG3抗体を産生する抗体産生細胞へ成熟・増殖するが、Th1細胞の最も重要な働きは、その産生するIFN−γの作用によってマクロファージを活性化し、細胞性免疫を誘導することにある。産生されたIgE抗体は肥満細胞(マスト細胞)の表面に結合し、特異抗原がこのIgE抗体に結合すると、肥満細胞が活性化し、ヒスタミンなどの炎症性物質が放出され、アレルギー症状が誘発する。さらに肥満細胞から放出された走化性因子は、炎症作用を有する好酸球を誘引し、炎症が増幅するほか、同様に肥満細胞が産生したインターロイキン4(IL−4)やIL−13はB細胞によるIgE抗体産生をさら促進する。
【0006】
Th1細胞とTh2細胞は互いの働きを抑制しあう側面があり、例えはTh1細胞が産生するIFN−γは、IgE抗体の産生を抑制することが知られている。健康な状態ではTh1/Th2細胞のバランスが保たれ、侵入した抗原に対してIgE抗体は産生されないが、アレルギー患者では、Th1/Th2細胞のバランスが乱れ、侵入した抗原に対して、Th1細胞よりもTh2細胞が優位に応答する状態にあり、IgE抗体が関与するアレルギーが誘発されやすい体質になっていると考えられている。
【0007】
アレルギーの治療には、薬物療法として抗ヒスタミン薬や、ステロイド剤、抗アレルギー剤などが用いられる。また抗原の侵入自体を抑制するために、原因食物の摂取を制限する食事療法や吸引抗原に対しては、マスクの着用などの対策がある。しかしなながら、安全に満足すべき対策は、予防及び治療のいずれの面においても、未だ開発されていないのが技術の現状である。
【0008】
一方、オリゴ糖は2〜10個の単糖類が結合した糖であり、消化吸収されずに消化管下部に到達し、そこに生息するビフィズス菌を増殖させ、腸の働きを助ける性質がある。最近では乳酸菌飲料、清涼飲料水、缶コーヒーなどに使用されている。ラフィノースはビフィズス菌・乳酸桿菌に資化される3種類のオリゴ糖で、ビートをはじめ植物界に広く分布し、白色で針状の結晶形態をしている。ラフィノースは、ビフィズス菌の増殖を誘導し、有害菌である大腸菌やウェルシュ菌などの増殖を抑制し、腸内菌叢を改善することが知られている。
【0009】
しかしながら、抗原に対する免疫応答において、ラフィノースがIgE抗体の産生を低減することや、Th1/Th2細胞バランスの乱れを是正し、それらよりアレルギーを改善または予防することは従来知られていなかった。
【0010】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
近年、アレルギー患者が増加する傾向にあり、日本人の約3割がアレルギー罹患しているとされており、その対策が強く求められている。しかしながら、前述の薬物療法は、何れも対処療法であり、根本的なアレルギー体質を改善するものではなく、また薬物ゆえに少なからず副作用がある。また食事療法などの対策は患者やその家族に相当な負担をかける。
【0011】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、上記目的を達成するために各方面から検討した結果、アレルギー疾患の原因が、食習慣、住環境及び自然環境等環境の変化、ストレスの増加、大気汚染物質の増加、感染症罹患率の低下など多種多様に亘っており、原因を確定するまでに至っていない点に鑑み、生体内のアレルギー発症因子を低減させるだけではなく、アレルギー体質を根本から改善させる必要性を痛感するに至った。
【0012】
そこで本発明者らは、アレルギー発症において、中心的働きを担うIgE抗体に着目し、IgE抗体を低減させることを目的として、IgE抗体低減剤の有効成分について鋭意スクリーニングを行った。その結果、数多くの天然物の内、オリゴ糖、特にラフィノースが経口投与によりIgE抗体の産生を低下させるという有用な新知見を得た。
【0013】
そして更に、アレルギー体質の改善という面からラフィノースによるIgE抗体の低減について、広く研究を行った結果、ラフィノースがIL−12及びIFN−γの産生を高めること、をもはじめて発見した。つまり、ラフィノースの経口投与により、マクロファージや樹状細胞など抗原提示細胞のIL−12産生が増加すること、さらにこのIL−12が作用してナイーブヘルパーT細胞のTh1細胞への分化を誘導し、Th1細胞のIFN−γ産生を高めることが確認された。また、このIFN−γの作用によりマクロファージが活性化して、IL−12の産生がさらに高まることも確認された。IFN−γはTh2細胞の作用によるB細胞のIgE抗体産生を抑制する働きがある。
【0014】
つまり、ラフィノースはアレルギーの発症における重要因子であるIgE抗体産生を低減するだけではなく、Th1/Th2細胞バランスにおいて、抗原に対してTh2細胞の応答が優位な状態にあるアレルギー体質を是正し、Th1細胞の応答を優勢に誘導できるという新規にしてきわめて有用な知見を得た。
【0015】
本発明は、上記した有用新知見に基づき、更なる研究の結果、完成されたものであって、ラフィノースを有効成分とするIgE産生低減剤およびTh1/Th2細胞バランスの是正によるアレルギー体質の改善をその基本的技術思想とするものであって、本発明によれば、安全性が高く、IgE抗体産生を低減でき、さらにアレルギー体質の改善もできる、経口投与も可能な予防剤及び/又は治療剤、及び食品組成物を提供することである。
【0016】
本発明に係わるIgE抗体産生低減剤並びにアレルギー体質改善剤は、ラフィノースを有効成分としてこれに常用される無機又は有機の担体ないし医薬用賦形剤を加えて、常法に従い、固体、半固体又は液体の形で、経口投与剤のほか、経腸剤その他外用剤等の非経口投与剤に製剤化する。
経口投与剤の場合、その投与形態としては、例えば錠剤、カプセル剤、顆粒剤、散剤、シロップ割、うがい薬等が挙げられる。これらの各種製剤は、主薬に賦形剤、結合剤、崩壊剤、滑沢剤、矯味矯臭剤、溶解補助剤、懸濁剤、コーティング剤などの医薬の製剤技術分野において通常使用しうる既知の補助剤を用いて製剤化することができる。また、食品とする場合は、ジュースなどと混合して液状組成物とすることや、ビスケットなどに混入して固状組成物とすることもできる。
【0017】
その使用量は、症状、年令、体重、投与方法および剤形等によって異なるが、通常、成人1日当たり0.5〜20g、好ましくは3〜10gを経口投与することができる。
本発明に係わる有効成分は、天然起源でありしかも食品として使用されているものを起源とするため、毒性については格別の問題もなく、ラットに対して1日当たり6,000mg/(Kg体重)の量を経口投与しても急性毒性は全く認められなかった。従って、必要あれば上記範囲より多量に使用してもさしつかえないが、ラフィノースは難消化性糖類であるため、1日10g以上投与した場合、人によっては浸透圧性の下痢を伴うこともある。
【0018】
そして有効成分についても、精製されたラフィノースを使用するのが最適ではあるが、例えば所望するのであれば、一部の経口投与剤や食品の場合においては、甜菜糖の製造工程で副生するシロップの加工品といった精製度は多少低下したものや、大豆ホエーから製造されるラフィノースを含むオリゴ糖混合物なども使用することが可能である。
以下、本発明の実施例について述べる。
【0019】
【実施例1】
動物試験において、卵白アルブミン(OVA)投与によって誘導される血中抗体価に対する、ラフィノースの経口投与の影響を調査した。試験動物には、OVAを特異的に認識するT細胞レセプター遺伝子(OVA323-339特異的I−Ad拘束性T細胞クローン7−3−7のTCRα鎖、β鎖両遺伝子)が導入され、遺伝的背景がBALB/cマウスとほぼ同一であるトランスジェニックマウス(以下Tgマウス)を用いた。
【0020】
(1)方法 6週令のTgマウス22匹を2群(1群11匹に付き雄5雌6)に分け、コントロール群には基本飼料(カゼイン20%、コーンスターチ48.17%、α−スターチ9%、スクロース5%、セルロース5%、大豆油6%、ミネラルミクスチャー5%、ビタミンミクスチャー1.3%、塩化コリン0.23%、メチオニン0.3%)を、ラフィノース群には、ラフィノース添加飼料(基本飼料の内、コーンスターチを43.17%に変更し、ラフィノース5%添加したもの)を給餌した。2週間後、飲水を水道水から2%OVA添加水溶液に切り換え、8週目まで継続した。試験開始8週目以降は飲水を水道水とし、12週目よりそれぞれの試験飼料の8%カゼイン分をOVAに置き換えたものを給餌した。試験期間中、経時的に尾静脈より採血し、血清中の総IgE抗体濃度、OVA特異的IgE抗体価、OVA特異的IgG1抗体側をELISA法で測定した。
【0021】
(2)結果 図1、2、3に示すように12週目以降において、血清中の総IgE抗体濃度、OVA特異的IgE抗体価、OVA特異的IgG1抗体価が顕著に上昇したが、ラフィノース群ではコントロール群よりいすれの分析項目も低値に推移した。よってラフィノースはアレルギー発症の中心的役割を担う抗原特異的なIgE抗体の産生を抑制することが明らかとなった。IgG1抗体は、Th2細胞の作用を受けて分化増殖した抗体産生細胞がIgE抗体とともに産生する抗体である。ラフィノース群では、OVA特異的なIgG1抗体並びにIgE抗体が低下していたことから、ラフィノースを投与したTgマウスでは、OVA特異的なIgE抗体産生性の抗体産生細胞の細胞数あるいは抗体産生能が低下していると考えられる。
【0022】
【実施例2】
マウス試験において、ラフィノースの経口投与が、卵白アルブミンによって誘導される免疫反応にどのような影響を及ぼすか、マウス免疫細胞が産生するIL−12およびIFN−γを調査した。IL−12はマクロファージや樹状細胞などの抗原提示細胞が分泌し、抗原に感作されていないナイーブヘルパーT細胞をTh1細胞に分化させる働きがある。さらに、Th1細胞が産生するIFN−γは、マクロファージを活性化し、またTh2細胞の働きを抑制して、IgEの産生を抑制することが知られている。
【0023】
(1)方法 6週令雌のBALB/cマウス10匹を2群に分け、コントロール群には基本飼料(実施例1参照)、ラフィノース群にはラフィノース添加飼料(実施例1参照)をそれぞれ給餌した。
【0024】
2週間飼育後、屠殺し、各マウスから小陽のバイエル板組織を摘出した。バイエル板は10%FCS加RPMI培地(ニッスイ製薬)にコラゲナーゼ(Sigma)を1mg/ml濃度で添加した溶液と約1時間撹拌反応させ、バイエル板細胞の単細胞浮遊液を調製し、数回10%FCS加RPMI培地で洗浄したものを抗原提示細胞とした。
【0025】
また、基本飼料で飼育された10週令雌のTgマウス(実施例1参照)2匹を同様に屠殺し、脾臓を摘出した。脾臓は10%FCS加RPMI培地中ですりつぶし、2匹分を合わせ、数回洗浄し、単細胞浮遊液を調製した。この脾臓単細胞浮遊液からCD4分子を表出しているヘルパーT細胞を磁気細胞分離システム(Miltenyi biotec)を用いて分画し、これをヘルパーT細胞とした。得られたヘルパーT細胞は抗原未感作なナイーブT細胞である。
【0026】
48穴細胞培養プレートの各穴に抗原提示細胞、ヘルパーT細胞、抗原(OVA)を表1のように添加し、5%CO2、37℃環境下で48時間培養した。培養終了後、培養上清を採取し、ELISA法を用いてサイトカイン濃度を測定した。
【0027】

Figure 0004024454
各穴に各細胞、抗原を添加し、総量を10%FCS加RPMIで1mlとした。
「○」は添加、「−」は未添加を示す。
【0028】
(2)結果 図4に示すようにコントロール群よりラフィノース群の方が、試験区A、B、CのIL−12の濃度が有意に高かった。試験区Cにおいて、ラフィノース群のIL−12濃度が有意に高かったことから、ラフィノースの投与により、抗原提示細胞のIL−12の産生が高まることが明らかとなった。
また図5に示すように、IFN−γ濃度も試験区Aにおいて、ラフィノース群で有意に高かった。このIFN−γは、抗原提示細胞の産生したIL−12の作用により、提示されたOVA抗原に対してナイーブT細胞がTh1細胞に分化増殖し、このTh1細胞が産生するIFN−γを反映している。つまり、ラフイノース群では、抗原提示細胞のIL−12の産生が高まり、このIL−12の作用によりTh1細胞が優位に分化増殖し、IFN−γの産生が高まったことを示している。
【0029】
また図4中の試験区AのIL−12濃度が、試験区B及びCより高いことは、Th1細胞が産生するIFN−γが抗原提示細胞であるマクロファージを活性化し、よってマクロファージのIL−12産生が高まっていることを示している。
【0030】
つまり、経口投与されたラフィノースは、抗原提示細胞の1L−I2産生を高め、従って、卵白アルブミン抗原に対してTh2細胞よりもTh1細胞の分化増殖を支持し、IgEの産生を抑制するIFN−γの産生を有意に高めることが明らかとなった。
【0031】
アレルギー患者では、Th1/Th2細胞バランスがTh2細胞優位になっており、IgEが関与するアレルギーが誘発されやすい体質になっていると考えられているが、ラフィノースの投与はTh1細胞の分化増殖を支持し、Th1/Th2細胞バランスを是正し、アレルギー体質の改善に有効であることが明らかとなつた。
【0032】
【実施例3】
結晶グルコース400重量部、ラフィノース10重量部、クエン酸7重量部、Na−Caseinate7重量部、アスコルビン酸5重量部、硬化油3重量部を用い、常法にしたがってIgE抗体産生低減用錠薬を製造した。
【0033】
【実施例4】
ラフィノース50重量部、精製炭酸カルシウム20重量部、ラクトース178重量部、ステアリン酸マグネシウム2重量部を用い、これらの混合物を250mgずつ1号カプセルに充填し、1カプセル内に50mgのラフィノースを含有するアレルギー体質改善用カプセル剤を製造した。
【0034】
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば、ラフイノースを用いることにより、すぐれたIgE抗体産生低減効果、アレルギー体質改善効果が奏され、アレルギー性疾患の予防または治療が有効に行われる。また本発明に係わる組成物は、特に安全性が高いので、乳幼児にも安心して投与するこができ、しかも長期間の投与も可能であるので、アレルギー性疾患の予防を目的として保健用医薬品又は食品組成物として長期間利用することができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】OVAを投与したTgマウスにおける血清中の総IgEの変化を示す。
【図2】OVAを投与したTgマウスにおける血清中のOVA特異的IgEの変化を示す。
【図3】OVAを投与したTgマウスにおける血清中のOVA特異的IgG1の変化を示す。
【図4】IL−12産生の比較を示す。但し、*は群間に5%水準で有意差有りを示す。
【図5】IFN−γ産生の比較を示す。但し、*は群間に5%水準で有意差有りを示す。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to an IgE antibody production-reducing agent and an allergic substance-improving agent that are effective in preventing and treating allergies, and more specifically, an IgE antibody production-reducing agent and an IgE antibody production-reducing food containing raffinose as an active ingredient. The present invention relates to a composition, an allergic modifier, and an allergic ameliorating food assembly.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Allergy is a disease caused by attacking foreign tissues (foreign substances), the immune system acting as a self-defense function abnormally becoming hypersensitive and attacking its own tissues. Examples of allergies include anaphylaxis, bronchial asthma, allergic rhinitis, urticaria, drug allergies, food allergies, and hay fever. An antibody called immunoglobulin E (IgE) plays a central role in the development of such allergic conditions.
[0003]
The onset mechanism of allergy involving IgE antibody is considered as follows. That is, various antigens such as eggs, milk, soybeans and other antigens such as mites, pollen and other inhalation antigens enter the body, and these antigen-presenting cells take up and present them to CD4 + T (helper T) cells. To do. Helper T cells that have recognized the antigen presented by the antigen-presenting cells interact with the B cells to differentiate and proliferate the B cells into antibody-producing cells.
[0004]
There are two types of helper T cells: type I helper T cells (Th1 cells) that induce cellular immunity and type II helper T cells (Th2 cells) that induce humoral immunity, depending on the types of cytokines produced. Classified (Mosmann, TR et al .: J. Immunol., 136, 2348-2357, 1986). The cytokines produced by Th1 cells are interleukin 2 (IL-2), interferon γ (IFN-γ), TGF-β, and Th2 cells are IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10. , Producing IL-13. It is known that antigen-naive naïve T cells differentiate into Th1 cells when antigen-presenting cells and IL-12 are allowed to act, and Th2 cells when antigen-presenting cells and IL-4 are allowed to act.
[0005]
B cells that have undergone the interaction of Th2 cells involved in the allergic reaction mature and proliferate into antibody-producing cells, produce IgM antibodies and then IgG1 antibodies, and finally produce IgE antibodies. On the other hand, B cells that have undergone interaction with Th1 cells mature and proliferate into antibody-producing cells that produce IgM antibodies, IgG2a antibodies, IgG2b antibodies, and IgG3 antibodies. The most important function of Th1 cells is to produce them. It is to activate macrophages and induce cellular immunity by the action of IFN-γ. The produced IgE antibody binds to the surface of mast cells (mast cells), and when a specific antigen binds to this IgE antibody, mast cells are activated, inflammatory substances such as histamine are released, and allergic symptoms are induced. Furthermore, the chemotactic factor released from mast cells attracts eosinophils having an inflammatory action, and the inflammation is amplified. Similarly, interleukin 4 (IL-4) and IL-13 produced by mast cells are It further promotes IgE antibody production by B cells.
[0006]
It is known that Th1 cells and Th2 cells suppress each other's actions. For example, IFN-γ produced by Th1 cells is known to suppress the production of IgE antibodies. In a healthy state, the Th1 / Th2 cell balance is maintained, and no IgE antibody is produced against the invading antigen. However, in allergic patients, the Th1 / Th2 cell balance is disturbed, and the invading antigen is more sensitive than the Th1 cell. It is considered that Th2 cells are in a preferential response state, and that allergy involving IgE antibody is easily induced.
[0007]
For the treatment of allergies, antihistamines, steroids, antiallergic agents and the like are used as drug therapy. Moreover, in order to suppress the invasion of the antigen itself, there are measures such as wearing a mask for diet therapy and aspiration antigen that limit intake of causative food. However, it is the current state of the art that measures to satisfy safety have not yet been developed in both prevention and treatment.
[0008]
On the other hand, an oligosaccharide is a sugar in which 2 to 10 monosaccharides are bonded, and has the property of reaching the lower part of the digestive tract without being digested and absorbed, allowing the bifidobacteria inhabiting it to grow and assisting the function of the intestine. Recently, it has been used for lactic acid bacteria beverages, soft drinks, canned coffee, and the like. Raffinose is three types of oligosaccharides that are assimilated by bifidobacteria and lactobacilli, and is widely distributed in the plant kingdom and other white bead-like crystal forms. Raffinose is known to induce the growth of bifidobacteria, suppress the growth of harmful bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Clostridium perfringens, and improve the intestinal flora.
[0009]
However, it has not been known in the past that raffinose reduces the production of IgE antibodies, corrects the disturbance of Th1 / Th2 cell balance, and improves or prevents allergies from them in immune responses to antigens.
[0010]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In recent years, there is a tendency for allergic patients to increase, and about 30% of Japanese people are allergic, and countermeasures are strongly demanded. However, any of the above-mentioned drug therapies is a coping therapy, does not improve the fundamental allergic constitution, and has a number of side effects due to the drug. Countermeasures such as diet therapy place a considerable burden on patients and their families.
[0011]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of studying from various directions to achieve the above object, the present inventors have found that the causes of allergic diseases are changes in the environment such as eating habits, living environment and natural environment, increased stress, increased air pollutants, infection In view of the fact that the cause of the disease is low and the cause has not yet been determined, not only does it reduce allergen-causing factors in the body, but it also makes us realize the need to fundamentally improve allergy It came to.
[0012]
Accordingly, the present inventors focused on IgE antibodies that play a central role in the development of allergies, and conducted intensive screening for the active ingredients of IgE antibody reducing agents with the aim of reducing IgE antibodies. As a result, the useful new knowledge that oligosaccharide, especially raffinose, among many natural products, reduces the production of IgE antibody by oral administration was obtained.
[0013]
Furthermore, as a result of extensive research on the reduction of IgE antibodies by raffinose in terms of improving the allergic constitution, it was discovered for the first time that raffinose increases the production of IL-12 and IFN-γ. In other words, oral administration of raffinose increases IL-12 production of antigen-presenting cells such as macrophages and dendritic cells, and further, this IL-12 acts to induce differentiation of naive helper T cells into Th1 cells, It was confirmed to increase IFN-γ production of Th1 cells. It was also confirmed that macrophages were activated by the action of IFN-γ to further increase IL-12 production. IFN-γ has a function of suppressing IgE antibody production of B cells by the action of Th2 cells.
[0014]
That is, raffinose not only reduces the production of IgE antibody, which is an important factor in the development of allergy, but also corrects the allergic constitution in which the Th2 cell response is superior to the antigen in the Th1 / Th2 cell balance. A new and extremely useful finding has been obtained that cell responses can be induced predominantly.
[0015]
The present invention has been completed as a result of further research based on the above-mentioned useful new findings, and is an improvement in allergic constitution by correcting an IgE production reducing agent containing Raffinose as an active ingredient and a Th1 / Th2 cell balance. According to the present invention, the preventive agent and / or therapeutic agent that is highly safe, can reduce IgE antibody production, can further improve allergic constitution, and can be administered orally. And providing a food composition.
[0016]
The IgE antibody production-reducing agent and allergy-improving agent according to the present invention are prepared by adding an inorganic or organic carrier or a pharmaceutical excipient commonly used for raffinose as an active ingredient to a solid, semi-solid or In liquid form, in addition to oral preparations, it is formulated into parenteral preparations such as enteral and other external preparations.
In the case of an oral administration agent, examples of its administration form include tablets, capsules, granules, powders, syrups, gargles and the like. These various preparations are known as commonly used in the pharmaceutical preparation technical field such as excipients, binders, disintegrants, lubricants, flavoring agents, solubilizers, suspension agents, coating agents, etc. It can be formulated using adjuvants. Moreover, when making it into foodstuffs, it can be mixed with juice etc. to make a liquid composition, or can be mixed with biscuits etc. to make a solid composition.
[0017]
The amount used varies depending on symptoms, age, body weight, administration method, dosage form, etc., but usually 0.5 to 20 g, preferably 3 to 10 g, can be orally administered per day for an adult.
Since the active ingredient according to the present invention originates from a natural source and used as a food, there is no particular problem with respect to toxicity, and an amount of 6,000 mg / (Kg body weight) per day for rats. No acute toxicity was observed even when orally administered. Therefore, if necessary, it can be used in a larger amount than the above range. However, raffinose is an indigestible saccharide, and when administered at a dose of 10 g or more per day, some people may have osmotic diarrhea.
[0018]
For the active ingredient, it is optimal to use purified raffinose. For example, if desired, in the case of some orally administered drugs and foods, a syrup produced as a by-product in the beet sugar production process It is also possible to use a processed product of which the degree of purification is somewhat lowered, or an oligosaccharide mixture containing raffinose produced from soybean whey.
Examples of the present invention will be described below.
[0019]
[Example 1]
In animal studies, the effect of oral administration of raffinose on blood antibody titers induced by ovalbumin (OVA) administration was investigated. The test animal was introduced with a T cell receptor gene that specifically recognizes OVA (both TCR α chain and β chain genes of OVA 323-339- specific IA d- restricted T cell clone 7-3-7), Transgenic mice (hereinafter referred to as Tg mice) having a genetic background almost identical to that of BALB / c mice were used.
[0020]
(1) Method Twenty 22-week-old Tg mice were divided into 2 groups (5 males and 6 females per group of 11), and the basic group (casein 20%, corn starch 48.17%, α-starch) 9%, sucrose 5%, cellulose 5%, soybean oil 6%, mineral mixture 5%, vitamin mixture 1.3%, choline chloride 0.23%, methionine 0.3%), raffinose group added raffinose A feed (a basic feed in which corn starch was changed to 43.17% and raffinose was added 5%) was fed. Two weeks later, drinking water was switched from tap water to a 2% OVA-added aqueous solution and continued until the eighth week. From the 8th week onwards, drinking water was used as tap water, and from the 12th week, 8% casein in each test feed was replaced with OVA. During the test period, blood was collected from the tail vein over time, and the total IgE antibody concentration, OVA-specific IgE antibody titer, and OVA-specific IgG1 antibody side in the serum were measured by ELISA.
[0021]
(2) Results As shown in FIGS. 1, 2, and 3, the total IgE antibody concentration, the OVA-specific IgE antibody titer, and the OVA-specific IgG1 antibody titer in serum significantly increased after the 12th week, but the raffinose group In the control group, the analysis items for either chair were also lower. Thus, raffinose was found to suppress the production of antigen-specific IgE antibodies that play a central role in the development of allergies. An IgG1 antibody is an antibody produced together with an IgE antibody by antibody-producing cells differentiated and proliferated by the action of Th2 cells. In the raffinose group, OVA-specific IgG1 antibody and IgE antibody were decreased, so the number of OVA-specific IgE antibody-producing antibody-producing cells or the antibody-producing ability decreased in Tg mice administered raffinose it seems to do.
[0022]
[Example 2]
In a mouse study, IL-12 and IFN-γ produced by mouse immune cells were investigated to determine how oral administration of raffinose affects the immune response induced by ovalbumin. IL-12 is secreted by antigen-presenting cells such as macrophages and dendritic cells, and has a function of differentiating naive helper T cells not sensitized to antigens into Th1 cells. Furthermore, IFN-γ produced by Th1 cells is known to activate macrophages and suppress the action of Th2 cells, thereby suppressing IgE production.
[0023]
(1) Method Ten 6-week-old female BALB / c mice are divided into two groups, and a basic feed (see Example 1) is fed to the control group, and a raffinose-added feed (see Example 1) is fed to the raffinose group. did.
[0024]
After 2 weeks of breeding, the mice were sacrificed, and the Koyo Bayer plate tissue was extracted from each mouse. The Bayer plate is stirred for about 1 hour with a solution of collagenase (Sigma) added at a concentration of 1 mg / ml in RPMI medium with 10% FCS (Nissui Pharmaceutical) to prepare a single cell suspension of Bayer plate cells. Cells washed with an RPMS medium supplemented with FCS were used as antigen-presenting cells.
[0025]
In addition, two 10-week-old female Tg mice (see Example 1) bred with the basic feed were similarly sacrificed, and the spleen was removed. The spleen was ground in 10% FCS-supplemented RPMI medium, the two were combined, washed several times, and a single cell suspension was prepared. Helper T cells expressing CD4 molecules from this spleen single cell suspension were fractionated using a magnetic cell separation system (Miltenyi biotec) and used as helper T cells. The obtained helper T cells are naive T cells that have not been antigen-sensitized.
[0026]
Antigen-presenting cells, helper T cells, and antigen (OVA) were added to each well of a 48-well cell culture plate as shown in Table 1, and cultured in an environment of 5% CO 2 and 37 ° C. for 48 hours. After completion of the culture, the culture supernatant was collected and the cytokine concentration was measured using an ELISA method.
[0027]
Figure 0004024454
Each cell and antigen was added to each well, and the total volume was adjusted to 1 ml with 10% FCS-added RPMI.
“◯” indicates addition, “−” indicates no addition.
[0028]
(2) Results As shown in FIG. 4, the concentration of IL-12 in the test groups A, B, and C was significantly higher in the raffinose group than in the control group. In test group C, the raffinose group had a significantly higher IL-12 concentration, which revealed that administration of raffinose increased IL-12 production in antigen-presenting cells.
Further, as shown in FIG. 5, the IFN-γ concentration was also significantly higher in the raffinose group in the test group A. This IFN-γ reflects the IFN-γ produced by the Th1 cells as naïve T cells differentiate into Th1 cells with respect to the presented OVA antigen by the action of IL-12 produced by the antigen-presenting cells. ing. That is, in the raffinose group, production of IL-12 by antigen-presenting cells was increased, and Th1 cells were differentiated and proliferated preferentially by the action of IL-12, and production of IFN-γ was increased.
[0029]
In addition, the IL-12 concentration in the test group A in FIG. 4 is higher than that in the test groups B and C. That is, IFN-γ produced by Th1 cells activates macrophages that are antigen-presenting cells. It shows that production is increasing.
[0030]
That is, orally administered raffinose enhances 1L-I2 production of antigen-presenting cells, and therefore supports differentiation and proliferation of Th1 cells over Th2 cells and suppresses IgE production against ovalbumin antigen. It was revealed that the production of
[0031]
In allergic patients, the Th1 / Th2 cell balance is predominantly Th2 cells, and it is thought that allergy involving IgE is likely to be induced, but raffinose administration supports the differentiation and proliferation of Th1 cells. As a result, it was found that the Th1 / Th2 cell balance was corrected and the allergic constitution was effective.
[0032]
[Example 3]
Using 400 parts by weight of crystalline glucose, 10 parts by weight of raffinose, 7 parts by weight of citric acid, 7 parts by weight of Na-Casenate, 5 parts by weight of ascorbic acid and 3 parts by weight of hardened oil, a tablet for reducing IgE antibody production is produced according to a conventional method. did.
[0033]
[Example 4]
Using 50 parts by weight of raffinose, 20 parts by weight of purified calcium carbonate, 178 parts by weight of lactose, and 2 parts by weight of magnesium stearate, 250 mg each of these mixtures is filled into a No. 1 capsule, and allergy containing 50 mg of raffinose in one capsule A capsule for improving constitution was produced.
[0034]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, by using raffinose, excellent IgE antibody production reducing effect and allergic constitution improving effect are exhibited, and prevention or treatment of allergic diseases is effectively performed. In addition, the composition according to the present invention is particularly safe, so it can be safely administered to infants and can be administered for a long period of time. Therefore, for the purpose of preventing allergic diseases, It can be used for a long time as a food composition.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 shows changes in total IgE in serum in Tg mice administered with OVA.
FIG. 2 shows changes in serum OVA-specific IgE in Tg mice administered OVA.
FIG. 3 shows changes in serum OVA-specific IgG1 in Tg mice administered OVA.
FIG. 4 shows a comparison of IL-12 production. However, * indicates that there is a significant difference between groups at a 5% level.
FIG. 5 shows a comparison of IFN-γ production. However, * indicates that there is a significant difference between groups at a 5% level.

Claims (3)

ラフィノースを有効成分として含有すること、を特徴とするアレルギー体質改善剤(アトピー性皮膚炎を除く)。  An allergy-improving agent characterized by containing raffinose as an active ingredient (excluding atopic dermatitis). ラフィノースを有効成分として含有すること、を特徴とするIgE抗体産生低減剤(IgE抗体が関与するアレルギーからアトピー性皮膚炎を除く)。  An agent for reducing IgE antibody production, comprising raffinose as an active ingredient (excluding atopic dermatitis from allergies involving IgE antibody). 請求項1の体質改善がIFN−γ及び/又はIL−12の産生増強によるものであることを特徴とする請求項1のアレルギー体質改善剤。  2. The allergic constitution improving agent according to claim 1, wherein the constitution improvement according to claim 1 is due to enhanced production of IFN-γ and / or IL-12.
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