JP4022029B2 - Fish reef artificial reef - Google Patents

Fish reef artificial reef Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4022029B2
JP4022029B2 JP2000005982A JP2000005982A JP4022029B2 JP 4022029 B2 JP4022029 B2 JP 4022029B2 JP 2000005982 A JP2000005982 A JP 2000005982A JP 2000005982 A JP2000005982 A JP 2000005982A JP 4022029 B2 JP4022029 B2 JP 4022029B2
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Prior art keywords
reef
fish
columnar
reefs
artificial
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JP2001190176A (en
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芳之 川口
富士男 伊藤
博史 高山
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SHIKO KENZAI LTD.
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SHIKO KENZAI LTD.
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/80Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
    • Y02A40/81Aquaculture, e.g. of fish

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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、海底や湖底等に沈設するタイプの魚礁群人工礁に関するものであり、特に水深約60〜200m程度の比較的深い海域等においても好適に用いることのできる魚礁群人工礁に関するものである。尚以下、代表として海底に沈設する場合を例に挙げて述べることがある。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来より、漁場造成、或いは幼稚魚や若齢漁の保護、飼料供給による育成、親漁の保護や産卵場の造成等の目的で、人工魚礁や増殖礁を海底に沈設することが行われている。沈設場所としては専ら大陸棚等の水深約100mより浅い海域であり、規模としては400〜50000m3程度である。
【0003】
上記人工魚礁や増殖礁としてはコンクリート材や鋼材を一定形状に構成したもの等が挙げられ、その大きさとしては概ね幅1.5〜10m,高さ1.5〜13mのものが用いられている。そして該人工魚礁を沈設区域内に複数設置して、人工魚礁群を形成している。
【0004】
この様な魚礁に対して魚類は様々な行動生態を示すが、魚礁に対する定位の仕方により大きく3タイプに分類することができ、即ち▲1▼魚礁に体の大部分もしくは一部分を接触させている魚種(アイナメ,カサゴ等)、▲2▼体を魚礁に接触させないが魚礁の周囲を遊泳する魚種,或いは魚礁周辺の海底に定位する魚種(マダイ,チダイ,イサキ,イシダイ,ヒラメ,カレイ等)、▲3▼魚礁から離れた表・中層水域に滞泳する魚種(ブリ,ヒラマサ,カツオ,アジ等)に分けられる。つまり魚は魚礁周囲(魚礁表面付近)や魚礁内の蝟集空間を生息域としている。
【0005】
ところで上述の様に従来では100mより浅い海域での人工魚礁造成が行われていたが、近年、沿岸漁場の沖合への拡大や魚介類の増殖を目指して、水深100mより深い海域における人工魚礁の設置が検討されている。
【0006】
この様な深い海域に沈設する魚礁としては、高層の魚礁が漁場造成上必要とされ、例えば特許番号2659037号公報に、超高層魚礁として、蝟集空間を有する構造物基体と、該構造物基体上に配置固設された2本以上の塔状構造物とを備えた高さ20m以上のものが提案されている。
【0007】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
図12は該超高層魚礁の様に大きい魚礁(以下、大型魚礁と称することがある)の魚生息域を説明するための図であり、該大型魚礁90の水平方向断面図である。
【0008】
上記超高層魚礁(高さ20m以上)の様な大型魚礁は、高さだけでなく、幅方向,奥行き方向も非常に大きいものとなっており、よって該大型魚礁の外郭(内部の蝟集空間を除いた魚礁外郭)表面積率は小さいものとなる。
【0009】
一方上述の様に魚は魚礁周囲や魚礁内の蝟集空間を生息域としているが、魚礁周囲を生息域とする魚類(マダイ等)だけをとってみても、上記大型魚礁が設置された場合の方が、これと同じ設置範囲に小さい魚礁を多数沈設した場合に比べて、生息域が小さくなる。加えて魚礁内部の蝟集空間に入る魚類としても、魚礁内奥深くまで入ることはあまりないから、上記大型魚礁に形成された蝟集空間のうち、魚の使用場所としては魚礁の表面近くにとどまり、この様に生息域はあまり大きいものではない。
【0010】
即ち魚生息域は図12に示す二点鎖線Aと二点鎖線Bで挟まれた領域内であり(図にドットで示した部分)、大型魚礁の大きさのわりにはあまり魚の生息域は広いとは言えない。
【0011】
そこで本発明は上記観点からなされたものであり、比較的水深の深い海域においても好適に用いることができ、且つ魚礁設置区域内に効率的に魚の生息域を確保することのできる魚礁群人工礁を提供することを目的とする。
【0012】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明に係る魚礁群人工礁は、複数の柱状魚礁が組み合わされた魚礁群人工礁であり、
前記柱状魚礁が、内部を蝟集空間としたものであって、この柱状魚礁における底面の輪郭線上の2点を結ぶ線のうちの最大となる長さが7m以下であると共に、この最大となる長さに対して該柱状魚礁の高さの比が2倍以上で、且つ該高さが13m以上であり、前記柱状魚礁を、厚みが500mm以下の基盤上に水平方向に空間を開けて複数基立設し、これら複数の柱状魚礁間の距離を2.6〜15mとして、この柱状魚礁間の奥深くも魚生息域としたものであることを要旨とする。尚上記水平方向とは、精密な水平の方向だけを意味するものではなく、海底地盤の状況によっては上記基盤が少々傾斜して設置される場合もあり、この様な多少傾いた方向も含む。また上記「底面の輪郭線上の2点を結ぶ線のうちの最大となる長さ」(以下、底面の最大長さと称することがある)とは、例えば上記魚礁の底面が正方形や長方形であればその対角線の長さ、円形であればその直径、楕円形であれば長軸の長さとなる。加えて本明細書において、魚礁群人工礁とは、複数の魚礁が組み合わされてシステムとなったものを指す。
【0013】
底面の最大長さに対する高さの比が2倍以上ある上記魚礁(以下、柱状魚礁と称することがある)は、これのみを海底に沈設すれば、海水の流れによって容易に倒れてしまい、結果的に高さの低い魚礁を沈設したこととなってしまう。しかし上述の様に上記柱状魚礁を基盤上に立設することにより、該基盤が支えとなり、倒れることなく立設することができる。尚上記基盤の大きさとしては、基盤面の輪郭線上の2点を結ぶ線のうちの最大となる長さが、上記柱状魚礁の高さの0.5倍以上であることが好ましく、より好ましくは0.6倍以上、更により好ましくは0.7倍以上である。尚上記「基盤面の輪郭線上の2点を結ぶ線のうちの最大となる長さ」とは、基盤面が四角形の場合はその対角線を示し、円形の場合は直径を示す。
【0014】
上記柱状魚礁は低い魚礁に比べて高さ方向にも魚生息域を確保でき、また上記柱状魚礁は細長く外殻の表面積率が高いから、上記大型魚礁に比べて魚の生息域の形成効率が良い。尚上記柱状魚礁としては、底面の最大長さに対する高さの比が2.5倍以上あることが好ましく、より好ましくは3倍以上、更に好ましくは4倍以上である。
【0015】
そしてこの様な上記柱状魚礁を複数基、上記基盤上に立設することにより、個々の柱状魚礁が形成する魚生息域が総和され、非常に広い生息域となる。
【0016】
即ち、図1は、4基の柱状魚礁15を基盤上に立設した魚礁群人工礁において、その魚生息域を説明するための図であり、該魚礁群人工礁の水平方向断面図である。図1に二点鎖線で示した範囲内全体が魚生息域であり、この様に1つ1つの魚礁15が形成する魚生息域が合わさって大きな生息域が形成されており、しかも該生息域は魚礁と魚礁の間の空間の奥深くまで至っている。従って1つの大型魚礁を設置する場合に比べて、同じ設置範囲で比較すると、より効率的に魚生息域を確保することができ、結果として広い魚生息域となる。
【0017】
尚上記基盤を用いずに上記柱状魚礁を海底に埋設して立てる方法も考えられるが、水深60m以上の様な海底におけるこの様な作業は極めて高コストであるから、実用的でない。
【0018】
また本発明においては、前記柱状魚礁の底面の輪郭線上の2点を結ぶ線のうちの最大となる長さが7m以下、前記柱状魚礁の高さが13m以上であることが好ましい。
【0019】
この様な縦長の柱状魚礁は外郭表面積率が高く、非常に広い魚生息域を確保できるからである。より好ましくは前記柱状魚礁の高さが15m以上である。
【0020】
また上記基盤の厚みとしては500mm以下であることが好ましく、より好ましくは300mm以下であり、更に好ましくは250mm以下である。
【0021】
加えて本発明においては、前記複数の魚礁間の距離が、2.6〜15mであることが好ましい。
【0022】
魚礁−魚礁間の距離が2.6mより小さい場合では、魚礁の外郭表面(魚礁周囲)を生息域とする魚は、上記魚礁−魚礁間に侵入することが極めて少なく、これら複数の魚礁をあたかも1つの魚礁として、つまり複数魚礁を一塊りとしてその外郭を魚が生息することになるといった懸念がある。また魚礁の蝟集空間内に生息する魚としても同様に複数魚礁を一塊りとしてその外郭表面付近の蝟集空間にとどまり、上記大型魚礁の場合と同様に、魚生息域が効率的に形成されない恐れがある。即ち、図2(a)は複数の魚礁15が近接して設置された魚礁群人工礁における水平断面図であり、魚生息域は二点鎖線A,Bで挟まれた範囲内(図にドットで示す部分)にとどまる恐れがある。
【0023】
しかし上記の様に魚礁−魚礁間の距離を2.6m以上とすることにより、魚礁の外郭表面を生息域とする魚は、魚礁−魚礁間に侵入する様になり、生息域広くなる。同様に魚礁の蝟集空間内に生息する魚も、生息域が広くなる。つまり図2(b)は複数の魚礁15が十分な間隔を開けて設置された魚礁群人工礁における水平断面図であり、それぞれ二点鎖線で囲んだ内側が魚の生息域となっている。図2(b)に示すように魚礁15−魚礁15間の奥深くにも魚生息域が広がっている。
【0024】
より好ましくは魚礁−魚礁間の距離が3m以上であり、更に好ましくは3.5m以上である。
【0025】
一方魚礁が隣接して複数存在すると、これらの魚礁が影響を与え合うから、魚生息域としては単に加算されるだけでなく、それ以上の生息域の広さとなる。この様な観点から、魚礁−魚礁間の距離としては上記の様に15m以下であることが好ましい。より好ましくは12m以下である。
【0026】
更に本発明においては、魚礁と魚礁の間の空間に増殖礁が設けられたものであることが好ましい。また本発明においては、前記複数の魚礁によって形成される外周縁の外方に向けて増殖礁が延設されたものであることが好ましい。
【0027】
この様に増殖礁を設けることにより、魚に産卵場所や稚魚育成場所が提供され、魚の増殖が良好となる。尚上記増殖礁の配置や種類は、対象魚介種によって適宜選択すると良い。特に本発明の魚礁群人工礁は、増殖礁の配置に関して水平方向だけでなく、高さ方向にも選択の範囲が大きいから、対象魚介種にとって好適な水深で最適の増殖を図ることが可能となる。
【0028】
また本発明においては、前記増殖礁が前記魚礁の高さ方向に複数設けられたものであることが好ましい。
【0029】
本発明の柱状魚礁は高さ方向に長いから、複数の増殖礁を設けることができ、この様に複数設けることにより一層の魚介種の増殖が期待できる。尚増殖礁と増殖礁の上下方向の間隔としては5m以上とすることが望ましい。あまり狭くすると対象魚介種が良好に侵入しない恐れがあり、効率的,経済的な増殖を図れないという懸念があるからである。
【0030】
加えて本発明においては、前記魚礁がその内部に蝟集空間を有するものであることが好ましい。
【0031】
本発明は、上記柱状魚礁として内部に蝟集空間を有しないものも包含するものであるが、蝟集空間を有するものの方が、魚礁周囲に生息する魚類だけでなく、蝟集空間を生息域とする魚類も集魚されるから、上述の様に内部に蝟集空間を有する魚礁であることが好ましい。
【0032】
【発明の実施の形態及び実施例】
<実施例1>
図3は本発明の実施例1に係る魚礁群人工礁10を示す斜視図であり、図4の(a)は該魚礁群人工礁10の柱状魚礁11を示す斜視図で、図4の(b)は上記魚礁群人工礁10の基盤12を示す斜視図である。また図5は上記魚礁群人工礁10を模式的に表した斜視図である。
【0033】
基盤12及び柱状魚礁11は鋼材で構成されており、該基盤12の大きさは例えば縦C:18m,横D:18mで、厚さ(高さ)J:200mmである。また柱状魚礁11は内部に蝟集空間を有し、該柱状魚礁11の外郭形状は四角柱であり、その大きさは例えば高さH1:30m,底辺の縦E:4.6m,横F:4.6mである。この様に柱状魚礁11の底面の最大長さ(四角形底面の対角線の長さ)に対する高さの比が約4.6倍である。
【0034】
図に示す様に、上記基盤12上に4基の上記柱状魚礁11が立設されて魚礁群人工礁10を形成している。上記柱状魚礁11と柱状魚礁11の間の距離Gはそれぞれ3.8mである。また上記柱状魚礁11と柱状魚礁11は高さ方向に2箇所、連結部材13によって連結されている。
【0035】
基盤12は上述の様に縦,横18mと大きいものであり、該基盤12に上記柱状魚礁11が固定されているから、海水の流れによって容易に倒れることがない。更に本実施例1では、上記連結部材13によって各柱状魚礁11が連結されているから、より一層倒れ難い。
【0036】
本実施例1の魚礁群人工礁においては、柱状魚礁11と柱状魚礁11の間にも魚が侵入し、魚礁表面に生息する魚類にとっての生息域が広く、また蝟集空間に入る魚類にとっても個々の柱状魚礁11内の蝟集空間に入り、広い生息域となる。
【0037】
<実施例2〜4>
図6は本発明の実施例2に係る魚礁群人工礁20を示す斜視図、図7は本発明の実施例3に係る魚礁群人工礁30を示す斜視図、図8は本発明の実施例4に係る魚礁群人工礁40を示す斜視図である。また図9の(a)は上記実施例2の魚礁群人工礁20の柱状魚礁21を示す斜視図で、図9の(b)は上記実施例3の魚礁群人工礁30の柱状魚礁の1つ(柱状魚礁31)を示す斜視図である。尚図3,4と同じ構成部分については同一の符号を付して重複説明を避ける。
【0038】
上記実施例2に係る魚礁群人工礁20の各柱状魚礁21は、図6,図9(a)に示す様に上部分がやや細くなっている。
【0039】
また上記実施例3の魚礁群人工礁30は、図7に示す様に高さの異なる柱状魚礁11,31がそれぞれ2基ずつ、合計4基、基盤22上に立設されたものである。上記柱状魚礁31の高さH2は25mで、底辺の縦E:4.6m,横F:4.6mであり、柱状魚礁31の底面の最大長さに対する高さの比は約3.8倍である。また柱状魚礁11は上記実施例1と同様の大きさである。
【0040】
上記実施例4の魚礁群人工礁40は、図8に示す様に3基の柱状魚礁11が基盤12上に立設されたものである。
【0041】
本発明の魚礁群人工礁としては、これら実施例2〜4の様に、様々な柱状魚礁を様々な配置で基盤に立設したものが挙げられる。
【0042】
また基盤の形状としても大きな板状のものであれば、どの様な形のものであっても良く、例えば図10[本発明に係る魚礁群人工礁の基盤の例を表す斜視図]の(a),(b),(c)に示す様な様々な形態のものが挙げられる。
【0043】
<実施例5>
図11は本発明の実施例5に係る魚礁群人工礁50を示す斜視図である。尚図3,4と同じ構成部分については同一の符号を付して重複説明を避ける。
【0044】
該魚礁群人工礁50は基盤52上に柱状魚礁11が4基立設されたものであり、該柱状魚礁11の高さ方向に3段となる様に増殖礁54が設けられている。尚増殖礁54は、隣接する柱状魚礁11を架け渡す格子状のフロア上に載置されている。また増殖礁54と増殖礁54は高さ方向に10m離れている。
【0045】
この様に増殖礁54を設けることにより、魚の産卵場所等が多くなり、魚が非常に良好に増殖される。
【0046】
以上の様に本発明に係る魚礁群人工礁に関して、実施例を示す図面を参照しつつ具体的に説明したが、本発明はもとより図示例に限定される訳ではなく、前記の趣旨に適合し得る範囲で適当に変更を加えて実施することも可能であり、それらはいずれも本発明の技術的範囲に包含される。
【0047】
例えば図示例では柱状魚礁として四角柱のものを示したが、これに限るものではなく、例えば円柱状であっても良い。
【0048】
また増殖礁を、複数の柱状魚礁によって形成される外周縁の外方に向けて延設する様に設けたものであっても良い。加えて上記柱状魚礁の下部に、湧昇流を生じさせるユニットを設けても良い。
【0049】
基盤の厚みとしては上記実施例の如く200mmに限らず、300mmや250mmであっても良い。
【0050】
この様な様々な形状の柱状魚礁や基盤、また増殖礁を、幼稚魚の保護や産卵場の造成等の目的に応じて、適宜組み合わせて魚礁群人工礁とすると良い。
【0051】
【発明の効果】
本発明に係る魚礁群人工礁は、高さが高いから比較的水深の深い海域においても好適に用いることができ、且つ高効率に魚の生息域を確保することができる。よって漁場造成や増殖場造成等にとって好適である。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明に係る魚礁群人工礁の一例における魚生息域を説明するための図。
【図2】(a)は複数の魚礁が近接して設置された魚礁群人工礁における水平断面図、(b)は複数の魚礁が十分な間隔を開けて設置された魚礁群人工礁における水平断面図。
【図3】本発明の実施例1に係る魚礁群人工礁を示す斜視図。
【図4】(a)は実施例1の魚礁群人工礁の柱状魚礁を示す斜視図、(b)は実施例1の魚礁群人工礁の基盤を示す斜視図。
【図5】実施例1の魚礁群人工礁を模式的に表した斜視図。
【図6】本発明の実施例2に係る魚礁群人工礁を示す斜視図。
【図7】本発明の実施例3に係る魚礁群人工礁を示す斜視図。
【図8】本発明の実施例4に係る魚礁群人工礁を示す斜視図。
【図9】(a)は実施例2の魚礁群人工礁の柱状魚礁を示す斜視図、(b)は実施例3の魚礁群人工礁の柱状魚礁の1つを示す斜視図。
【図10】本発明に係る魚礁群人工礁の基盤の例を表す斜視図。
【図11】本発明の実施例5に係る魚礁群人工礁を示す斜視図。
【図12】大型魚礁の魚生息域を説明するための図。
【符号の説明】
10,20,30,40,50 魚礁群人工礁
11,15,21,31 柱状魚礁
12,52 基盤
13 連結部材
54 増殖礁
90 大型魚礁
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a type of fish reef artificial reef that is submerged on the seabed or lake bottom, and more particularly to a fish reef artificial reef that can be suitably used even in a relatively deep sea area with a water depth of about 60 to 200 m. is there. Hereinafter, as a representative, there is a case where it is set up on the seabed as an example.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, artificial reefs and breeding reefs have been laid on the seabed for the purpose of fishing ground construction, protection of juvenile fish and young fish, breeding with feed supply, protection of parent fishery and creation of spawning grounds, etc. . As the place of installation, the sea area is shallower than about 100 m, such as the continental shelf, and the scale is about 400 to 50000 m 3 .
[0003]
Examples of the artificial fish reef and breeding reef include a concrete material and a steel material formed in a fixed shape, and the size is generally 1.5 to 10 m in width and 1.5 to 13 m in height. Yes. A plurality of artificial fish reefs are installed in the settling area to form an artificial fish reef group.
[0004]
Fishes exhibit various behavioral ecology against such reefs, but can be roughly classified into three types according to the orientation of the reefs: (1) Most or part of the body is in contact with the reefs. Fish species (Ainame, scorpionfish, etc.), (2) Fish species that do not touch the reef but swim around the reef, or fish species that are localized on the sea floor around the reef (Madai, Chidai, Isaki, Ishidai, flounder, flounder) Etc.), and (3) fish species (such as yellowtail, flounder, skipjack, horse mackerel, etc.) that are stagnant in the surface / middle waters far from the reef. In other words, fish have habitats around the reef (near the reef surface) and the gathering space within the reef.
[0005]
By the way, as described above, artificial fish reefs have been constructed in the sea shallower than 100m, but in recent years, artificial fish reefs in water deeper than 100m deep are aimed at expanding offshore coastal fishing grounds and breeding seafood. Installation is being considered.
[0006]
As a fish reef to be set up in such a deep sea area, a high-rise fish reef is required for the construction of a fishing ground. For example, in Japanese Patent No. 2659037, as a super-high-rise fish reef, a structure base having a collection space, and the structure base A thing with a height of 20 m or more provided with two or more tower-like structures arranged and fixed in the above is proposed.
[0007]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
FIG. 12 is a diagram for explaining a fish habitat of a large reef (hereinafter sometimes referred to as a large reef) like the super-high reef, and is a horizontal sectional view of the large reef 90.
[0008]
Large fish reefs such as the above-mentioned high-rise reef (height of 20m or more) are very large not only in height but also in the width direction and depth direction. Excluded fish reef outline) Surface area ratio is small.
[0009]
On the other hand, as described above, the fish has habitat around the reef and the gathering space in the reef. However, even if only fish (such as red sea bream) around the reef is taken, However, the habitat is smaller than when many small reefs are submerged in the same installation range. In addition, as fish entering the collection space inside the reef, it is rare to go deep inside the reef, so among the collection spaces formed in the large reef, the fish is used only near the surface of the reef. The habitat is not very large.
[0010]
In other words, the fish habitat is in the area between the two-dot chain line A and the two-dot chain line B shown in FIG. 12 (the part indicated by the dots in the figure), and the fish habitat is too large for the size of the large fish reef. It can not be said.
[0011]
Therefore, the present invention has been made from the above viewpoint, and can be suitably used in a relatively deep water area, and can efficiently secure a fish habitat within a fish reef installation area. The purpose is to provide.
[0012]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The fish reef group artificial reef according to the present invention is a fish reef group artificial reef in which a plurality of columnar fish reefs are combined.
The columnar fish reef has a collection space inside, and the maximum length of lines connecting two points on the contour line of the bottom surface of the columnar fish reef is 7 m or less, and this maximum length The ratio of the height of the columnar fish reef to the height is more than twice , and the height is 13 m or more. The columnar fish reef is divided into a plurality of groups by horizontally opening a space on a base having a thickness of 500 mm or less. The gist is that the distance between the plurality of columnar fish reefs is 2.6 to 15 m, and the fish habitat is deep in the space between the columnar fish reefs . In addition, the said horizontal direction does not mean only a precise horizontal direction, and the said base | substrate may be installed in a little inclination depending on the condition of the seabed ground, and such a slightly inclined direction is also included. The “maximum length of lines connecting two points on the contour of the bottom surface” (hereinafter sometimes referred to as the maximum length of the bottom surface) is, for example, if the bottom surface of the fish reef is square or rectangular The length of the diagonal line is the diameter if it is circular, and the length of the major axis if it is elliptical. In addition, in this specification, the fish reef group artificial reef indicates a system in which a plurality of fish reefs are combined.
[0013]
The above-mentioned fish reef with the ratio of the height to the maximum length of the bottom surface more than twice (hereinafter sometimes referred to as columnar fish reef) can be easily collapsed by the flow of seawater if only this is submerged on the seabed. In other words, a fish reef with a low height was sunk. However, when the columnar fish reef is erected on the base as described above, the base is supported and can be erected without falling down. As for the size of the base, the maximum length of the lines connecting two points on the outline of the base surface is preferably 0.5 times or more the height of the columnar fish reef, more preferably Is 0.6 times or more, and more preferably 0.7 times or more. The “maximum length of lines connecting two points on the outline of the base surface” indicates a diagonal line when the base surface is a square, and indicates a diameter when the base surface is a circle.
[0014]
The columnar reef can secure a fish habitat in the height direction compared to a low reef, and the columnar reef is slender and has a high surface area ratio of the outer shell, so the fish habitat is more efficiently formed than the large reef. . In addition, as said columnar fish reef, it is preferable that the ratio of the height with respect to the maximum length of a bottom face is 2.5 times or more, More preferably, it is 3 times or more, More preferably, it is 4 times or more.
[0015]
By installing a plurality of such columnar fish reefs on the base, the fish habitats formed by the individual columnar reefs are summed up to form a very wide habitat.
[0016]
That is, FIG. 1 is a view for explaining the fish habitat in a fish reef artificial reef in which four columnar fish reefs 15 are erected on a base, and is a horizontal sectional view of the fish reef artificial reef. . The entire area within the range indicated by the two-dot chain line in FIG. 1 is a fish habitat, and a large habitat is formed by combining the fish habitat formed by each fish reef 15 in this way, and the habitat. Is deep in the space between the reefs. Therefore, compared with the case where one large fish reef is installed, a fish habitat can be secured more efficiently compared with the same installation range, resulting in a wide fish habitat.
[0017]
Although it is possible to embed the columnar fish reef on the sea floor without using the base, such work on the sea floor at a depth of 60 m or more is extremely expensive and is not practical.
[0018]
Moreover, in this invention, it is preferable that the length which becomes the maximum among the lines which connect two points on the outline of the bottom face of the said columnar fish reef is 7 m or less, and the height of the said columnar fish reef is 13 m or more.
[0019]
This is because such a vertically long columnar fish reef has a high outline surface area ratio and can secure a very wide fish habitat. More preferably, the height of the columnar fish reef is 15 m or more.
[0020]
The thickness of the substrate is preferably 500 mm or less, more preferably 300 mm or less, and further preferably 250 mm or less.
[0021]
In addition, in the present invention, the distance between the plurality of fish reefs is preferably 2.6 to 15 m.
[0022]
When the distance between the fish reef and the fish reef is less than 2.6 m, fish that live on the outer surface of the reef (around the reef) rarely invade between the fish reef and the fish reef. There is a concern that one fish reef, that is, multiple fish reefs in one lump, fish will live in the outer shell. Similarly, the fish that inhabit the collection space of the reef will also stay in the collection space near the outer surface of the multiple reefs in a lump, and the fish habitat may not be formed efficiently as in the case of the large reef. is there. That is, FIG. 2 (a) is a horizontal sectional view of a fish reef artificial reef in which a plurality of fish reefs 15 are installed close to each other, and the fish habitat is within a range between two-dot chain lines A and B (dots in the figure). There is a risk of staying in the part indicated by.
[0023]
However, when the distance between the fish reef and the fish reef is 2.6 m or more as described above, the fish whose habitat is the outer surface of the fish reef invades between the fish reef and the fish reef, and the habitat is widened. Similarly, the fish that inhabit the reef collection space also have a larger habitat. That is, FIG. 2B is a horizontal cross-sectional view of a fish reef artificial reef in which a plurality of fish reefs 15 are installed at sufficient intervals, and the inside surrounded by a two-dot chain line is a fish habitat. As shown in FIG. 2 (b), the fish habitat extends deeply between the fish reef 15 and the fish reef 15.
[0024]
More preferably, the distance between the fish reef and the fish reef is 3 m or more, and further preferably 3.5 m or more.
[0025]
On the other hand, if there are multiple fish reefs adjacent to each other, these fish reefs affect each other, so the fish habitat is not just added, but the habitat is larger than that. From such a viewpoint, the distance between the fish reef and the fish reef is preferably 15 m or less as described above. More preferably, it is 12 m or less.
[0026]
Furthermore, in this invention, it is preferable that the propagation reef is provided in the space between a fish reef. Moreover, in this invention, it is preferable that the propagation reef is extended toward the outer side of the outer periphery formed by the said several fish reef.
[0027]
By providing a breeding reef in this way, a spawning place and a fry breeding place are provided to the fish, and the breeding of the fish is improved. In addition, the arrangement and type of the breeding reef may be appropriately selected depending on the target seafood species. In particular, since the fish reef group artificial reef of the present invention has a wide range of selection not only in the horizontal direction but also in the height direction with respect to the arrangement of the breeding reef, it is possible to achieve optimum breeding at a water depth suitable for the target fish species Become.
[0028]
In the present invention, it is preferable that a plurality of the breeding reefs are provided in the height direction of the fish reef.
[0029]
Since the columnar fish reef of the present invention is long in the height direction, it is possible to provide a plurality of breeding reefs. By providing a plurality of such breeding reefs, further growth of seafood species can be expected. Note that the vertical distance between the breeding reef and the breeding reef is preferably 5 m or more. This is because if it is too narrow, the target seafood species may not invade well, and there is a concern that efficient and economical growth cannot be achieved.
[0030]
In addition, in the present invention, the fish reef preferably has a collection space inside.
[0031]
The present invention includes the above-described columnar fish reef that does not have a collection space inside, but those having a collection space are not only fish that inhabit the reef but also fish that have a collection space as a habitat. As described above, it is preferable that the fish reef has a collecting space inside as described above.
[0032]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
<Example 1>
FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing the fish reef artificial reef 10 according to the first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 4A is a perspective view showing the columnar fish reef 11 of the fish reef artificial reef 10. FIG. FIG. 2B is a perspective view showing the base 12 of the fish reef group artificial reef 10. FIG. 5 is a perspective view schematically showing the fish reef group artificial reef 10.
[0033]
The base 12 and the columnar fish reef 11 are made of steel, and the size of the base 12 is, for example, length C: 18 m, width D: 18 m, and thickness (height) J: 200 mm. Further, the columnar fish reef 11 has a collecting space inside, and the outer shape of the columnar fish reef 11 is a square column, and its size is, for example, height H 1 : 30 m, base length E: 4.6 m, width F: 4.6 m. Thus, the ratio of the height to the maximum length of the bottom surface of the columnar fish reef 11 (the length of the diagonal line of the rectangular bottom surface) is about 4.6 times.
[0034]
As shown in the figure, four columnar fish reefs 11 are erected on the base 12 to form a fish reef group artificial reef 10. The distance G between the columnar fish reef 11 and the columnar fish reef 11 is 3.8 m, respectively. The columnar fish reef 11 and the columnar fish reef 11 are connected to each other by two connecting members 13 in the height direction.
[0035]
The base 12 is as large as 18 m in length and width as described above. Since the columnar fish reef 11 is fixed to the base 12, the base 12 does not easily fall down due to the flow of seawater. Furthermore, in this Example 1, since each columnar fish reef 11 is connected by the said connection member 13, it is much harder to fall down.
[0036]
In the fish reef artificial reef of the first embodiment, the fish also intrudes between the columnar fish reef 11 and the columnar fish reef 11, and the habitat for the fish living on the surface of the fish reef is wide. It enters the gathering space in the columnar fish reef 11 and becomes a wide habitat.
[0037]
<Examples 2 to 4>
6 is a perspective view showing a fish reef group artificial reef 20 according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention, FIG. 7 is a perspective view showing a fish reef group artificial reef 30 according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention, and FIG. 8 is an embodiment of the present invention. 4 is a perspective view showing a fish reef group artificial reef 40 according to FIG. 9A is a perspective view showing the columnar fish reef 21 of the fish reef group artificial reef 20 of the second embodiment, and FIG. 9B is one of the columnar fish reefs of the fish reef group artificial reef 30 of the third embodiment. It is a perspective view which shows one (columnar fish reef 31). Note that the same components as those in FIGS.
[0038]
Each columnar fish reef 21 of the fish reef group artificial reef 20 according to the second embodiment has a slightly thin upper portion as shown in FIGS. 6 and 9A.
[0039]
In addition, the fish reef group artificial reef 30 of the third embodiment is a structure in which two columnar fish reefs 11 and 31 having different heights are erected on the base 22 in total, as shown in FIG. The height H 2 of the columnar fish reef 31 is 25 m, the bottom E is 4.6 m, the width F is 4.6 m, and the ratio of the height to the maximum length of the bottom of the columnar reef 31 is about 3.8. Is double. The columnar fish reef 11 has the same size as that of the first embodiment.
[0040]
The fish reef group artificial reef 40 of Example 4 is one in which three columnar fish reefs 11 are erected on a base 12 as shown in FIG.
[0041]
Examples of the fish reef artificial reef of the present invention include those in which various columnar fish reefs are erected on the base in various arrangements as in Examples 2-4.
[0042]
Further, any shape may be used as long as the shape of the base is a large plate shape. For example, FIG. 10 [a perspective view showing an example of the base of a fish reef artificial reef according to the present invention] There are various forms as shown in a), (b), and (c).
[0043]
<Example 5>
FIG. 11 is a perspective view showing a fish reef group artificial reef 50 according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention. Note that the same components as those in FIGS.
[0044]
The fish reef group artificial reef 50 has four columnar fish reefs 11 erected on a base 52, and a breeding reef 54 is provided so as to have three stages in the height direction of the columnar fish reef 11. The breeding reef 54 is placed on a lattice-like floor that bridges the adjacent columnar fish reefs 11. The breeding reef 54 and the breeding reef 54 are separated by 10 m in the height direction.
[0045]
Providing the breeding reef 54 in this manner increases the number of spawning places for fish and the like, so that the fish is proliferated very well.
[0046]
As described above, the fish reef artificial reef according to the present invention has been specifically described with reference to the drawings showing the embodiments. However, the present invention is not limited to the illustrated examples and conforms to the above-described purpose. It is also possible to carry out the present invention with appropriate modifications within the range to be obtained, all of which are included in the technical scope of the present invention.
[0047]
For example, in the illustrated example, a quadrangular prism is used as the columnar fish reef, but the present invention is not limited to this, and may be, for example, a cylindrical shape.
[0048]
Further, the breeding reef may be provided so as to extend outward of the outer peripheral edge formed by the plurality of columnar fish reefs. In addition, a unit for generating upwelling flow may be provided in the lower part of the columnar reef.
[0049]
The thickness of the substrate is not limited to 200 mm as in the above embodiment, but may be 300 mm or 250 mm.
[0050]
It is advisable to appropriately combine these various columnar fish reefs, bases, and breeding reefs according to purposes such as the protection of juvenile fish and the creation of spawning grounds to form a fish reef group artificial reef.
[0051]
【The invention's effect】
Since the fish reef group artificial reef according to the present invention has a high height, it can be suitably used even in a relatively deep sea area, and a fish habitat can be secured with high efficiency. Therefore, it is suitable for fishing ground creation and breeding ground creation.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining a fish habitat in an example of a fish reef artificial reef according to the present invention.
FIG. 2A is a horizontal sectional view of a fish reef artificial reef in which a plurality of fish reefs are installed close to each other, and FIG. Sectional drawing.
FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing a fish reef group artificial reef according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
4A is a perspective view showing a columnar fish reef of a fish reef group artificial reef of Example 1, and FIG. 4B is a perspective view showing a base of the fish reef group artificial reef of Example 1. FIG.
FIG. 5 is a perspective view schematically showing a fish reef artificial reef of Example 1. FIG.
FIG. 6 is a perspective view showing a fish reef group artificial reef according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a perspective view showing a fish reef group artificial reef according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a perspective view showing a fish reef artificial reef according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
9A is a perspective view showing a columnar fish reef of a fish reef group artificial reef of Example 2, and FIG. 9B is a perspective view showing one of a columnar fish reef of a fish reef group artificial reef of Example 3. FIG.
FIG. 10 is a perspective view illustrating an example of a base of a fish reef group artificial reef according to the present invention.
FIG. 11 is a perspective view showing a fish reef group artificial reef according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention.
FIG. 12 is a diagram for explaining a fish habitat of a large reef.
[Explanation of symbols]
10, 20, 30, 40, 50 Fish reef group artificial reef 11, 15, 21, 31 Columnar fish reef 12, 52 Base 13 Connecting member 54 Breeding reef 90 Large fish reef

Claims (4)

複数の柱状魚礁が組み合わされた魚礁群人工礁であり、
前記柱状魚礁は、内部を蝟集空間としたものであって、この柱状魚礁における底面の輪郭線上の2点を結ぶ線のうちの最大となる長さが7m以下であると共に、この最大となる長さに対して該柱状魚礁の高さの比が2倍以上で、且つ該高さが13m以上であり、
前記柱状魚礁を、厚みが500mm以下の基盤上に水平方向に空間を開けて複数基立設し、これら複数の柱状魚礁間の距離を2.6〜15mとして、この柱状魚礁間の奥深くも魚生息域としたものであることを特徴とする魚礁群人工礁。
It is a reef group artificial reef that combines multiple columnar fish reefs,
The columnar fish reef has a collection space inside, and the maximum length of lines connecting two points on the bottom contour line of the columnar fish reef is 7 m or less, and the maximum length is The ratio of the height of the columnar reef to the height is at least twice , and the height is at least 13 m ,
A plurality of the above-mentioned columnar fish reefs are vertically installed on a base having a thickness of 500 mm or less, and a distance between these columnar fish reefs is set to 2.6 to 15 m. A fish reef artificial reef characterized by its habitat .
前記基盤は、その基盤面の輪郭線上の2点を結ぶ線のうちの最大となる長さが、前記柱状魚礁の高さの0.5倍以上である請求項に記載の魚礁群人工礁。2. The reef group artificial reef according to claim 1 , wherein the base has a maximum length of a line connecting two points on a contour line of the base surface is 0.5 times or more of a height of the columnar fish reef. . 前記空間に、増殖礁が設けられたものである請求項1または2に記載の魚礁群人工礁。The fish reef group artificial reef according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein a breeding reef is provided in the space. 前記増殖礁が、前記柱状魚礁の高さ方向に複数設けられたものである請求項に記載の魚礁群人工礁。The fish reef group artificial reef according to claim 3 , wherein a plurality of the breeding reefs are provided in a height direction of the columnar fish reef.
JP2000005982A 2000-01-07 2000-01-07 Fish reef artificial reef Expired - Fee Related JP4022029B2 (en)

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