JP4008601B2 - Tree material molding and method for producing the same - Google Patents

Tree material molding and method for producing the same Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4008601B2
JP4008601B2 JP30439798A JP30439798A JP4008601B2 JP 4008601 B2 JP4008601 B2 JP 4008601B2 JP 30439798 A JP30439798 A JP 30439798A JP 30439798 A JP30439798 A JP 30439798A JP 4008601 B2 JP4008601 B2 JP 4008601B2
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Prior art keywords
tree
fermented
fermentation
tree material
molded product
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JPH11198109A (en
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恒雄 牧
一郎 亀村
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AGC Inc
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Asahi Glass Co Ltd
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  • Protection Of Plants (AREA)
  • Chemical And Physical Treatments For Wood And The Like (AREA)
  • Dry Formation Of Fiberboard And The Like (AREA)
  • Cultivation Receptacles Or Flower-Pots, Or Pots For Seedlings (AREA)
  • Road Paving Structures (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、伐採樹木を利用して得られる樹木材料成形物及びその製造方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
近年、都市の環境が注目され、都市の環境整備手法として緑化が盛んに行われている。街路樹などにより緑化される場所の多くは公園や道路であり、これらを管理する自治体等は、害虫防除や景観の維持、又は枝が電線に掛かるなど安全上の観点から、年に数回維持管理を行っている。
【0003】
通常の維持管理方法としては、樹木の剪定を行い、伐採された樹木はゴミとして焼却されるか埋め立てられる方法が用いられていた。しかし、埋め立て場所の不足や有機物をゴミとして燃やすことによる弊害を防ぐことから、伐採樹木をチップ化し、公園などに散布するか、完全発酵させて堆肥化して公園の土壌改良に利用する方法が採用され始めた。
【0004】
伐採樹木をチップ化し、そのまま公園等の地面に散布した場合、気象条件や伐採樹木に付着した菌の条件などによっては、キノコ類や土壌中の病原菌が繁殖したり根切りが発生するなど、樹木や草花にとって好ましくない環境ができるおそれがあった。また散布した樹木チップが飛散し公園周辺でゴミ公害が出る問題があった。
【0005】
また、伐採時期は多くの場合、夏冬の年2回に集中しているが、伐採樹木はリグニンを多く含み完全発酵しにくいことから、枝葉の含まれた樹木チップのすべてを完全発酵させるには、堆肥舎で促進発酵させた場合でも通常3カ月を要し、促進発酵させない場合は6カ月以上を要することもあり、伐採樹木の処理や管理に多くの費用と日数を要していた。
【0006】
また樹木チップを樹脂等で固めて公園内の歩道などの舗装に使用している事例もあるが、これらは、樹木チップの質感を利用した樹脂舗装の一種で、樹木チップ舗装が通常の使用では破損しないことが条件で作られている。そのため、これらの製品は、樹脂により高強度に舗装されており、自然に分解していくプロセスは考慮されていない。したがって、樹木チップが剥離した場合、チップが樹脂に包まれており腐食分解せず、ゴミとして公園などを汚すことになっていた。
【0007】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明の目的は、以上の問題を解決することにあり、環境問題が注目されている今日、環境汚染の原因にもなり社会的に容認されにくい焼却による処分方法以外の方法による伐採樹木の利用法として、伐採樹木を利用した樹木材料成形物及びその製造方法を提供することにある。
【0008】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記目的を達成するため、本発明による樹木材料成形物は、チップ化した後に発酵させた樹木材料であって、その表面部分は発酵菌が付着して分解されており、その芯部分は生樹木のまま残っている状態に発酵させた樹木材料を樹脂結合剤を介して所定形状に成形したことを特徴とする。
上記成形物は、好ましくは、歩道用舗装平板、植木鉢、植栽ベッド又は植栽桝改良資材に用いられる
【0009】
さらに、本発明による樹木材料成形物の製造方法は、伐採樹木をチップ化する工程と、該チップ化した樹木を発酵させて、その表面部分は発酵菌が付着して分解されており、その芯部分は生樹木のまま残っている状態に発酵させた樹木材料を得る発酵工程と、発酵させた樹木材料を結合剤を用いて成形する工程とを含むことを特徴とする。
この場合、前記発酵工程の後、発酵させた樹木材料から完全発酵して粉末化した柔軟部分を除く工程を行い、次いで前記成形を行うことが好ましい。
また、伐採樹木をチョッパー型粉砕機で粉砕してチップ化することが好ましい。
【0010】
本発明によれば、チップ化した後に発酵させた樹木材料であって、その表面部分は発酵菌が付着して分解されており、その芯部分は生樹木のまま残っている状態に発酵させた樹木材料を用いることにより、その成形物を土の上に施工した場合には、土壌中の微生物が樹木材料を分解して徐々に土に戻る利点があり、ゴミとなって公園などを汚す問題が生じない。
【0011】
また、樹木材料を樹脂結合剤を介して成形した成形物は、弾力性及び透水性があるため、土の上に施工すると、歩行感がよく、雨水等が溜まるのを防止できる。さらに、排水性、通気性がよいため、植木鉢や植栽ベットなどにも適する。
【0012】
さらに、樹木材料は、伐採樹木を比較的短期間発酵するだけで得られるので、膨大な伐採樹木のすべてを完全発酵させるための膨大な施設の建設を必要とすることなく、伐採樹木を有効に利用できる。
【0013】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明で使用される伐採樹木は、樹木を伐採して得られる。公的な機関が管理する公園や街路樹、その他企業や家庭一般から出る伐採樹木を使用できる。
生の樹木をそのまま使うと植物に悪影響が出るおそれがあるので、本発明では該伐採樹木を発酵させることを必須要件とする。そして、発酵させる前にチップ化する。チップ化して表面積を増やすことにより、後の発酵工程で発酵しやすくなる。
【0014】
伐採樹木のチップ化は、切断、粉砕などの方法により行いうる。具体的には適当の大きさに切断した伐採樹木を、チョッパー型粉砕機で粉砕後、さらにミル型粉砕機で粉砕する方法、適当の大きさに切断した伐採樹木をチョッパー型粉砕機で粉砕する方法がある。また、樹木チップの大きさは、発酵工程における発酵条件や設備などに応じて決めうる。50mm以下、特には30mm以下、さらには20mm以下が好ましい。
【0015】
次に、上記方法で得た樹木チップを一定の温度下放置し、発酵させる。本発明ではこの工程を発酵工程という。
発酵条件は、樹木の種類に応じて決めうる。一般的には樹木チップに発酵菌を混ぜ込み、一定期間放置することにより発酵させることが好ましい。この際、温度は一定温度に保持することが好ましい。
【0016】
発酵菌は、通常1種類に特定されるわけでなく、複数の細菌、酵母、カビ菌が複雑に作用して堆肥化を進めるとされている。本発明で使用される堆肥化に作用する細菌、酵母、カビ菌の例としては、バチルス、シュードモナス、セロビブリオ、ミクロコセウス、エシェリキア、アエロバクター、ストレプトミセス、モニリア、ロドトルラ、ツアロプシス、トリコデルマ、ムコリゾプス、クラドスポリウム、ペニシリウム、アスペルギルス、カエトミウム等が挙げられる。
【0017】
本発明においては発酵に際して、発酵菌を加えずに雰囲気下にある、又はもともと樹木材料に付着している発酵菌を利用することもできる。この場合、人為的に発酵菌を加えた場合よりも発酵速度が遅くなることが多いため、米糠や糖質材料等を加えて発酵を促進することもできる。糖質材料としては、ブドウ糖やショ糖、廃糖蜜等を使用できる。
また、人為的に発酵菌を加える場合には、別途作成した堆肥や、さらには別途培養した発酵菌の集合物又は高密度培養物を無機粉等に吸着又は吸収させたもの等を用いる。
【0018】
発酵に際しては、通常は生木を粉砕、場合によってはさらに膨潤化した樹木材料をそのまま用いるが、樹木材料中の水分が少ない場合には、必要に応じて水を添加することもある。堆肥化中は、堆肥化のための発酵菌が好気性のものが多いため、通常は樹木材料堆積物の内部を極端な嫌気性の条件にしないように、1週間に1回以上の頻度で切り返しを行うか、又は連続的もしくは間欠的に堆肥化槽の内部への送気を行うことが好ましい。発酵中の樹木材料堆積物の内部の温度は、通常40〜75℃、好ましくは50〜65℃で推移する。
【0019】
発酵の進捗により、チップ材料は茶色く変色し、いわゆる堆肥臭を持つようになる。通常、葉や小枝は1カ月程度で土状になり、枝や幹の部分は完全に堆肥化されるまでに半年程度を必要とする。なお、堆肥化中に樹木材料堆積物内部が長期間にわたり嫌気性におかれてしまった場合には、堆肥化はほとんど進行せず、悪玉菌といわれる嫌気性菌が繁殖し、樹木材料は腐敗臭を放つようになり、場合によっては黄色く汚物状に変質する。
【0020】
上述したように生樹木を完全発酵させるまでには相当の日数が必要になるが、本発明では、その前に発酵工程を終了して次の工程に進む。すなわち、完全発酵していない樹木材料を含む状態で発酵工程を終了させて次の工程に進む。例えば、葉や小枝などの発酵しやすい部分が完全発酵して分解して粉末化し、なおかつ枝や幹等の硬質部分が残っている状態で発酵工程を終了する。これにより、本発明では、膨大な伐採樹木のすべてを完全発酵させるための膨大な施設の建設は必要としない利点がある。
【0021】
本発明における発酵期間は、例えば、約3カ月で完全発酵するような条件の場合、5日〜1.5カ月発酵させることが好ましい。発酵処理の時間が長いと、樹木の幹や枝の芯まで分解され、枝をそのまま利用できないため、樹木チップの表面が、発酵により茶色に変色した段階で発酵工程を終了して次の工程に進むことが好ましい。
【0022】
本発明では、該発酵させた樹木材料は、そのまま成形物の材料として使用でき、また該発酵させた樹木材料から、粉末化した柔軟部分を除いた残りの材料を用いて成形物を製造することもできる。
柔軟部分を除く場合には、篩いにかける方法等によって行うことが好ましい。除去した柔軟部分はそのまま、又は別途さらに発酵を完了させて堆肥として利用できる。
【0023】
該柔軟部分は、完全発酵して得られる分解物やその他葉、小枝部分等からなる粉末状のものである。以下、発酵させた樹木材料、及び発酵させた樹木材料から柔軟部分を除いた残りの材料を発酵樹木材料という。
【0024】
本発明におけ発酵樹木材料は、表面部分は発酵菌が付着して一部分解されているが、芯部分は生樹木のまま残っているものを含有する。これをそのまま結合剤で固めて成形物として使用した場合には、成形物中でも発酵が徐々に進行し、特に、地面と接している部分では適度な水分もあり分解が促進され、最終的には土に戻りうる。また成形物が破壊されて、該発酵樹木材料が、剥離飛散しても土中で完全発酵しうる。
【0025】
本発明で使用される樹脂結合剤としては、土中の微生物が分解できる樹脂が好ましい。このような樹脂としてウレタン系、酢酸ビニル系、エポキシ系、アクリル系等の樹脂等が挙げられる。また、アスファルト乳化剤等も結合剤として使用できる。結合剤の混合量は、通常発酵樹木材料の重量の5〜50%程度を添加することが好ましい。
【0026】
結合剤と発酵樹木材料とを混合した後、成形型に入れて加圧成形したり、施工現場に撒き広げコテで押さえる等の加工プロセスを経て製品に仕上げうる。
本発明では、公園内で発生した伐採樹木を公園の土に戻すリサイクルを考え、伐採樹木を土に戻りやすいような形に成形加工したので、製品が破壊して材料の伐採樹木が飛散しても堆肥化されていて土に戻りやすい利点がある。
【0027】
本発明における成形物は、(a)歩道用舗装平板、(b)植木鉢、(c)植栽ベッド、(d)植栽桝改良資材などの用途に利用できる。
【0028】
(a)歩道用舗装平板は、任意の寸法や厚さの板状に成形することにより製造できる。材料自体が軽量なので、通常歩道に用いられている30cm×30cmのコンクリート平板より大きな寸法にも製造でき、公園の園地といった車が走らない場所など歩行者のための快適な舗装材が求められる分野にも利用できる。
【0029】
該歩道用舗装平板を利用した場合には、弾力性があり、透水性で歩行感がよく、さらに該平板を土の上に施工すると土壌中の微生物が平板を分解して該平板が徐々に土に戻る利点がある。また、雑草が繁茂する場所では、この平板を敷くことにより雑草の生育を抑制する利点がある。
【0030】
場合によっては現場の形状にあわせて現場打ちの施工方法も採用できる。すなわち、成形および施工を同時に行う方法であり、成形材料を敷きならした後に軽く押圧することで継ぎ目のない発酵樹木材料による舗装ができる。この場合も上述したように、弾力性があり、透水性で歩行感がよく、土の上に施工すると土壌中の微生物が該成形材料を分解して該成形材料が徐々に土に戻る利点がある。
【0031】
(b)植木鉢に利用する場合、例えば、小さな苗木などの後に大きめの植木鉢等に植え替えることが必要な樹木に適した植木鉢が得られる。本発明による成形物を用いることにより、植木鉢から樹木を取り出さずに、植木鉢ごと移植できるので、根茎を切断しない利点がある。
【0032】
(c)植栽ベッドに利用する場合、ブロック状に成形した成形物を製造し、その後、ドリル等で穴を開け、該穴の中に種子と培養土を入れることにより、植栽ベッドが得られる。該植栽ベッドはバラバラにして植えるときは、鋸などで簡単に切断でき、劣化により分解が始まるまで使用できる。また、そのまま土に植えることもできる。該植栽ベッドは、排水性、通気性が良好なことから接ぎ木などの苗床に特に適する。
【0033】
(d)歩道の植栽桝改良資材として使用する場合、歩道の街路樹を植えるための植栽桝の中に本発明の板状の成形物を設置することにより、街路樹の枯損する原因の1つである排水不良による植栽桝の中の過湿を防止できる。
また、あわせて棒状又は板状の成形物を垂直方向に入れて施工することにより、舗装道に凹凸を生じさせる原因となる根上がりの現象も防止できる。
【0034】
【実施例】
[例1]
伐採した桜の木をチョッパー型粉砕機、続いてミル型粉砕機で処理して、3〜15mmの寸法のチップを製造した。このチップ700kgに発酵菌14kgを加え、均一に撹拌した後、堆肥プラントに入れ、30日をかけて、硬質部分と柔軟部分を含む発酵チップを製造した。この発酵チップ2.64kgに、チップ固化用バインダ(ポリエーテルポリオールと4,4’−ジフェニルメタンジイソシアネートを反応させて得たNCO含量9.0%のウレタンプレポリマー)0.53kgと適当量の溶剤を加え、撹拌機により均一に撹拌した。これを縦横各300mm、厚さ50mmの型に入れ、一夜放置した後脱型して、板状の成形物を得た。これを突き固めた土の地盤の上に敷き並べたところ、弾力性のあるよい歩行感の歩道が得られた。
【0035】
[例2]
例1で得た発酵チップを篩いにかけ、粒子の細かい成分を除いたもの2.66kgに、例1と同様のチップ固化用バインダ0.35kgと適当量の溶剤を加え、撹拌機により均一に撹拌した。これを縦横各300mm、厚さ50mmの型に入れ、一夜放置した後脱型して、成形板を得た。これを突き固めた土の地盤の上に敷き並べたところ、弾力性のあるよい歩行感の歩道が得られた。
【0036】
[例3]
例1で得た発酵チップを篩いにかけ、粒子の細かい成分を除いたもの30kgに例1と同様のチップ固化用バインダ6.0kgと適当量の溶剤を加え、撹拌機により均一に撹拌した。これをあらかじめ突き固めた平坦な土面に、幅2mに広げ、厚さ2cmになるようレーキ、コテで施工した。これを繰り返した後、一日放置し固化させて歩経路を得た。この歩経路もまた弾力性のあるよい歩行感をもっていた。
【0037】
[例4]
例1で得た発酵チップを篩にかけ、粒子の細かい成分を除いたもの2.66kgに、エチレン酢酸ビニル共重合体1.3kgと水1.3kgを混合したものを加え、撹拌機により均一に撹拌した。これを縦横各300mm、厚さ50mmの型に入れ、60℃のオーブンに一昼夜入れた後取り出し、脱型して成形板を得た。これを突き固めた土の地盤の上に敷き並べたところ、弾力性のあるよい歩行感の歩道が得られた。
【0038】
[例5]
例1で得た発酵チップを篩にかけ、粒子の細かい成分を除いたもの2.66kgに、ビスフェノールAタイプ液状エポキシ樹脂と変性脂肪族ポリアミンをベースとするエポキシ樹脂系水性エマルジョン(固形分54%)2.0kgを加え、撹拌機により均一に撹拌した。これを縦横各300mm、厚さ50mmの型に入れ、50℃のオーブンに一夜入れた後取り出し、脱型して成形板を得た。これを突き固めた土の地盤の上に敷き並べたところ、固めの弾力性のある歩道が得られた。
【0039】
[例6]
例1で得た発酵チップを篩にかけ、粒子の細かい成分を除いたもの2.66kgに、ビスフェノールAタイプ液状エポキシ樹脂と変性脂肪族ポリアミンとからなる無溶剤型エポキシ系樹脂(固形分100%)1.8kgを加え、撹拌機により均一に撹拌した。これを縦横各300mm、厚さ50mmの型に入れ、50℃のオーブンに一夜入れた後取り出し、脱型して成形板を得た。これを突き固めた土の地盤の上に敷き並べたところ、固めの弾力性のある歩道が得られた。
【0040】
[例7]
例1で得た発酵チップを篩にかけ、粒子の細かい成分を除いたもの2.66kgに、アクリル酸・メタクリル酸アルキルエステル・アクリル酸アルキルエステル共重合体水性エマルジョン(固形分45%)2.2kgを加え、撹拌機により均一に撹拌した。これを縦横各300mm、厚さ50mmの型に入れ、60℃のオーブンに一昼夜入れた後取り出し、脱型して成形板を得た。これを突き固めた土の地盤の上に敷き並べたところ、固めの弾力性のある歩道が得られた。
【0041】
[例8]
例1で得た発酵チップを篩いにかけ、粒子の細かい成分を除いたもの10kgに例1と同様のチップ固化用バインダ2.0kgと適当量の溶剤を加え、撹拌機により均一に撹拌した。この撹拌物の一部を内面に離型剤を塗った植木鉢型の内面に拡げ、約2cmの厚さにコテでならし、30分後に脱型し、上部直径25cm、下部直径20cm、高さ30cmの植木鉢を得た。1週間放置後、この植木鉢に桃の苗木を植え、その1カ月後、植木鉢ごと地面に定植した。桃の苗木は順調に生育し、1年半後に根、枝ともに幹から1〜1.5m程度に広がった。幹の根元を掘って観察したところ、植木鉢は腐食が進んでおり、残っている部分も藁状になっていた。
【0042】
[例9]
例8の撹拌物の残りの一部を、縦16cm、横32cm、高さ5cmの型に入れ、1時間後に脱型して植栽ベッド用成形ブロックを得た。このブロックに縦方向に2個、横方向に4個、すなわち合計8個の直径2cm、深さ2.5cmの孔を等間隔に開け、それぞれに培養土とアサガオの種を入れた。本葉が1乃至2枚出たところで、鋸で、アサガオ1本ごとの植栽ベッドとなるような小ブロックに、鋸で切断、分割した。得られた小ブロックをそのまま土に植えた。
【0043】
その後、アサガオはいずれも順調に生育した。翌年の春、植栽ベッドの小ブロックを掘り返したところ、撒水が充分になされていた土の部分では、植栽ベッドの腐食が進み、元の小ブロックの形状を保っていなかった。一方、撒水が充分にはなされていなかった土の部分では、植栽ベッドの腐食の進行が遅く、小ブロックはまだ元の形状をほとんど保っていた。
【0044】
[例10]
伐採した桜の木をチョッパー型粉砕機、続いてミル型粉砕機で処理して、3〜15mmの寸法のチップを製造した。このチップ700kgに廃糖蜜50kgを加え、均一に撹拌した後、堆肥プラントに入れ、30日かけて硬質部分と軟質部分を含む発酵チップを製造した。この発酵チップ2.64kgに例1のチップ固化用バインダ0.55kgと適当量の溶剤を加え、撹拌機により均一に撹拌した。これを縦横各300mm、厚さ50mmの型に入れ、26℃で1時間放置後、脱型して成形板を得た。これを突き固めた土の地盤の上に敷き並べたところ、固めの弾力性のある歩道が得られた。
【0045】
【発明の効果】
以上説明したように、本発明によれば、膨大な伐採樹木のすべてを完全発酵させるための膨大な施設の建設を必要とすることなく、伐採樹木を有効に利用できる。また、本発明で得られる成形物は、発酵した樹木材料を用いているため、製品が破壊して材料の伐採樹木が飛散しても、土に戻りやすい。
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for producing a wood material molded Mono及 benefactor obtained using the felling trees.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In recent years, urban environments have attracted attention, and greening has been actively performed as a method for improving urban environments. Many places that are greened by street trees are parks and roads, and local governments that manage them are maintained several times a year from the viewpoint of pest control, landscape maintenance, or branches hanging on electric wires. Management is performed.
[0003]
As a normal maintenance method, a method in which trees are pruned and felled trees are incinerated as garbage or landfilled has been used. However, in order to prevent the shortage of landfill sites and the harmful effects of burning organic matter as garbage, a method of cutting felled trees into chips and spraying them in parks, or completely fermenting them into compost and using them for soil improvement in parks is adopted. Began to be.
[0004]
When felled trees are chipped and sprayed directly on the ground in parks, etc., depending on the weather conditions and the conditions of the fungi attached to the felled trees, mushrooms and pathogenic bacteria in the soil may grow or root cutting will occur. There was a risk of creating an unfavorable environment for plants and flowers. There was also a problem that the scattered wood chips were scattered and garbage pollution occurred around the park.
[0005]
In many cases, the harvesting time is concentrated twice a year in summer and winter. However, since the harvested trees contain a lot of lignin and are difficult to ferment completely, it is necessary to ferment all the wood chips that contain branches and leaves. Even if accelerated fermentation in a compost house, it usually takes 3 months, and if it is not accelerated fermentation, it may take 6 months or more, which requires a lot of costs and days for the processing and management of felled trees.
[0006]
In addition, there are cases where tree chips are hardened with resin etc. and used for pavements such as sidewalks in parks, but these are types of resin pavement that uses the texture of tree chips, and tree chip pavement is not used in normal use It is made on condition that it is not damaged. Therefore, these products are paved with high strength by resin, and the process of natural decomposition is not considered. Therefore, when the wood chip is peeled off, the chip is encased in resin and does not undergo corrosion decomposition, and the park or the like is contaminated as garbage.
[0007]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The purpose of the present invention is to solve the above problems, and environmental problems are attracting attention today. Use of felled trees by methods other than disposal methods by incineration that cause environmental pollution and are not accepted by society. modulo is to provide a method for producing a wood material compact Mono及 patron using felling trees.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, a molded material of a tree material according to the present invention is a tree material that has been fermented after being made into chips, the surface portion of which is decomposed by adhering fermentative bacteria, and the core portion of which is a living tree It is characterized in that a tree material fermented to remain in a state is formed into a predetermined shape via a resin binder.
The molded product is preferably, sidewalks paving plates, pots used in planting bed or planted栽桝improved material.
[0009]
Furthermore, the method for producing a molded material of a tree material according to the present invention includes a step of chipping a felled tree, fermenting the chipped tree, and a surface portion of which is decomposed by adhering fermentative bacteria, and its core The portion includes a fermentation process for obtaining a fermented tree material in a state where it remains as a raw tree , and a step of forming the fermented tree material using a binder.
In this case, after the fermentation step, a step other than the flexible portion was triturated fully fermented from trees material obtained by the fermentation, then it is preferable to perform the molding.
Further, it is preferable to chip by the harvesting adopted trees ground in a chopper-type pulverizer.
[0010]
According to the present invention, it is a tree material that has been fermented after being made into chips, the surface portion of which is fermented and decomposed, and the core portion is fermented to remain in the state of a living tree . If the molding is applied on the soil by using a tree material, there is an advantage that microorganisms in the soil decompose the tree material and gradually return to the soil, and it becomes a waste and pollutes parks etc. Does not occur.
[0011]
Moreover, since the molded material which shape | molded the tree material through the resin binder has elasticity and water permeability, when it constructs on soil, it has a good feeling of walking and can prevent rainwater etc. from accumulating. Furthermore, because it has good drainage and air permeability, it is suitable for flower pots and planting beds.
[0012]
In addition, the tree material can be obtained by simply fermenting the felled tree for a relatively short period of time, so that it is possible to effectively use the felled tree without requiring the construction of a vast facility for complete fermentation of all the vastly felled trees. Available.
[0013]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The felled tree used in the present invention is obtained by cutting a tree. You can use parks and roadside trees managed by public institutions, and other felled trees from companies and households.
If raw trees are used as they are, the plants may be adversely affected. Therefore, in the present invention, it is an essential requirement to ferment the felled trees. And, chip prior to fermentation. By making it into chips and increasing the surface area, it becomes easier to ferment in the subsequent fermentation process.
[0014]
Cutting felled trees into chips can be done by methods such as cutting and crushing. Specifically, a method for pulverizing a felled tree cut to an appropriate size with a chopper-type pulverizer and further pulverizing with a mill-type pulverizer, pulverizing a felled tree cut to an appropriate size with a chopper-type pulverizer There is a way. Further, the size of the tree chip can be determined according to fermentation conditions and equipment in the fermentation process. It is preferably 50 mm or less, particularly 30 mm or less, and more preferably 20 mm or less.
[0015]
Next, the wood chip obtained by the above method is allowed to stand at a certain temperature and fermented. In the present invention, this process is called a fermentation process.
Fermentation conditions can be determined according to the type of tree. In general, it is preferable to ferment by mixing fermentative bacteria into a tree chip and leaving it for a certain period of time. At this time, the temperature is preferably maintained at a constant temperature.
[0016]
Fermentative bacteria are not usually specified as one type, and it is said that a plurality of bacteria, yeasts, and fungi act in a complex manner to promote composting. Examples of bacteria, yeasts, and fungi that affect composting used in the present invention include Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Cellobibrio, Microcoseus, Escherichia, Aerobacter, Streptomyces, Monilia, Rhodotorula, Turopsis, Trichoderma, Mucolizopus, Cladospo Examples thereof include lithium, penicillium, aspergillus, caetium and the like.
[0017]
In the present invention, a fermenting bacterium that is in an atmosphere without adding a fermenting bacterium or originally attached to a tree material can be used during fermentation. In this case, since the fermentation rate is often slower than when fermenting bacteria are artificially added, fermentation can be promoted by adding rice bran or a sugar material. Glucose, sucrose, waste molasses, etc. can be used as the sugar material.
In addition, when artificially fermenting bacteria are added, compost prepared separately, or a collection of separately cultured fermentation bacteria or a high-density culture adsorbed or absorbed on an inorganic powder or the like is used.
[0018]
In the fermentation, normally, a tree material obtained by crushing a raw tree and, in some cases, further swollen is used as it is. However, if the moisture in the tree material is low, water may be added as necessary. During composting, many fermentative bacteria for composting are aerobic, so usually the frequency of the plant material deposit is not less than once a week to avoid extreme anaerobic conditions. It is preferable to carry out turning back or to feed air into the composting tank continuously or intermittently. The temperature inside the wood material deposit during fermentation is usually 40 to 75 ° C, preferably 50 to 65 ° C.
[0019]
As the fermentation progresses, the chip material turns brown and has a so-called compost odor. Normally, leaves and twigs become earthy in about a month, and branches and trunks require about half a year to be fully composted. In addition, if the inside of the tree material deposit is left anaerobically for a long time during composting, the composting hardly progresses, and anaerobic bacteria called bad bacteria propagate and the tree material is spoiled. It becomes odorous and in some cases it turns yellow and filthy.
[0020]
Although required considerable number of days until to completely ferment the raw tree as described above, in the present invention, proceed to the next step to end the fermentation process before it no. That is, fully fermented in a state containing trees material not to terminate the fermentation process proceeds continuously to the next step. For example, the fermented portion easily, such as leaves and twigs are decomposed completely fermented powdered, you exit the fermentation process in a state where yet remain rigid portions such as branches and trunk. Thereby , in this invention, there exists an advantage which does not require the construction of the huge facility for complete fermentation of all the huge logging trees.
[0021]
The fermentation period in the present invention is preferably 5 days to 1.5 months, for example, under the condition of complete fermentation in about 3 months. If the fermentation process takes a long time, the trunk of the tree and the core of the branch are decomposed and the branch cannot be used as it is, so the fermentation process is completed when the surface of the tree chip turns brown by fermentation and the next process is completed. It is preferable to proceed.
[0022]
In the present invention, the fermented tree material can be used as it is as a molding material, and a molded product is produced from the fermented tree material using the remaining material excluding the powdered flexible portion. You can also.
When removing a flexible part, it is preferable to carry out by the method of sieving. The removed soft part can be used as it is or as a compost after further completion of fermentation.
[0023]
The soft portion is a powdered product composed of a decomposition product obtained by complete fermentation, other leaves, twig portions, and the like. Hereinafter, the fermented tree material and the remaining material obtained by removing the flexible portion from the fermented tree material are referred to as fermented tree material.
[0024]
The fermented tree material according to the present invention contains the surface portion that is partly decomposed due to adhering fermentative bacteria, but the core portion remains as a raw tree. When this is solidified with a binder as it is and used as a molded product, the fermentation gradually proceeds even in the molded product, and in particular, the portion in contact with the ground has moderate moisture, and the decomposition is accelerated. Can return to the soil. Further, even if the molded product is destroyed and the fermented tree material is peeled off and scattered, it can be completely fermented in the soil.
[0025]
As the resin binders used in the present invention, the resin can be decomposed by microorganisms in the soil favorable preferable. Examples of such a resin include urethane-based, vinyl acetate-based, epoxy-based, and acrylic resins. In addition, asphalt emulsifiers and the like can also be used as binders. It is preferable to add about 5 to 50% of the weight of the fermented tree material.
[0026]
After the binder and fermented tree material are mixed, the product can be finished through a processing process such as putting it in a mold and press-molding it, or spreading it on the construction site and pressing it with a trowel.
In the present invention, considering the recycling of the felled tree that occurred in the park into the park soil, the felled tree was molded into a shape that is easy to return to the soil, so the product was destroyed and the felled tree of material scattered Has the advantage of being composted and easy to return to the soil.
[0027]
The molded product in the present invention can be used for applications such as (a) sidewalk pavement flat plate, (b) flower pot, (c) planting bed, (d) planting pad improvement material.
[0028]
(A) The pavement flat plate for sidewalks can be manufactured by forming it into a plate shape having an arbitrary size and thickness. The field itself is lightweight, so it can be manufactured to a size larger than the 30cm x 30cm concrete plate normally used for sidewalks, and a field that requires comfortable pavement materials for pedestrians such as parks where cars do not run. Can also be used.
[0029]
When the sidewalk pavement flat plate is used, it is elastic, permeable and has a good feeling of walking. Further, when the flat plate is constructed on the soil, microorganisms in the soil decompose the flat plate and the flat plate gradually There is an advantage to return to the soil. Moreover, in the place where weeds grow, there exists an advantage which suppresses the growth of weeds by laying this flat plate.
[0030]
Depending on the situation, on-site construction methods can be adopted according to the shape of the site. That is, it is a method of performing molding and construction at the same time, and paving with a seamless fermented tree material can be performed by lightly pressing after spreading the molding material. Also in this case, as described above, there is an advantage that it is elastic, permeable and has a good feeling of walking, and when it is applied on the soil, microorganisms in the soil decompose the molding material and the molding material gradually returns to the soil. is there.
[0031]
(B) When used as a flower pot, for example, a flower pot suitable for a tree that needs to be replanted into a large flower pot after a small seedling is obtained. By using the molded product according to the present invention, the whole plant pot can be transplanted without taking out the tree from the plant pot, so that there is an advantage that the rhizome is not cut.
[0032]
(C) When used for a planting bed, a molded product formed into a block shape is manufactured, and then a hole is drilled with a drill or the like, and seeds and culture soil are put into the hole to obtain a planting bed. It is done. When planting apart, the planting bed can be easily cut with a saw or the like, and can be used until decomposition starts due to deterioration. It can also be planted in the soil. The planting bed is particularly suitable for nurseries such as grafts because of its good drainage and air permeability.
[0033]
(D) When used as a material for improving a planting wall of a sidewalk, by installing the plate-shaped molding of the present invention in a planting wall for planting a roadside tree, the cause of the loss of the roadside tree One can prevent over-humidity in the planting culm due to poor drainage.
In addition, by putting a rod-shaped or plate-shaped molded product in the vertical direction and performing the construction, it is also possible to prevent the phenomenon of rooting that causes unevenness on the paved road.
[0034]
【Example】
[Example 1]
The cut cherry tree was processed with a chopper-type pulverizer and then with a mill-type pulverizer to produce chips having a size of 3 to 15 mm. After adding 14 kg of fermenting bacteria to 700 kg of this chip and stirring uniformly, it was put into a composting plant, and over 30 days, a fermentation chip containing a hard part and a flexible part was produced. To 2.64 kg of this fermented chip, 0.53 kg of a chip solidifying binder (urethane prepolymer with NCO content of 9.0% obtained by reacting polyether polyol and 4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate) and an appropriate amount of solvent In addition, the mixture was stirred uniformly with a stirrer. This was placed in a mold of 300 mm in length and width, 50 mm in thickness, left overnight and then demolded to obtain a plate-like molded product. When this was laid on the ground of hardened soil, a sidewalk with a good walking feeling with elasticity was obtained.
[0035]
[Example 2]
The fermented chips obtained in Example 1 are sieved and the fine particles are removed to 2.66 kg. The same chip solidifying binder 0.35 kg as in Example 1 and an appropriate amount of solvent are added and stirred uniformly with a stirrer. did. This was placed in a mold of 300 mm in length and breadth and thickness of 50 mm, left to stand overnight and then demolded to obtain a molded plate. When this was laid on the ground of hardened soil, a sidewalk with a good walking feeling with elasticity was obtained.
[0036]
[Example 3]
The fermented chip obtained in Example 1 was sieved, and 6.0 kg of a chip-solidifying binder similar to Example 1 and an appropriate amount of solvent were added to 30 kg from which fine particles were removed, and the mixture was stirred uniformly with a stirrer. This was spread on a flat soil surface that had been hardened in advance to a width of 2 m, and was raked and troweled to a thickness of 2 cm. After repeating this, it was allowed to stand for a day and solidified to obtain a walking route. This walking route also had a good walking feeling with elasticity.
[0037]
[Example 4]
The fermented chip obtained in Example 1 is sieved, and 2.66 kg from which fine particles are removed is added to a mixture of 1.3 kg of ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer and 1.3 kg of water. Stir. This was put into a mold of 300 mm in length and breadth and 50 mm in thickness, put in an oven at 60 ° C. for a whole day and night, then taken out and demolded to obtain a molded plate. When this was laid on the ground of hardened soil, a sidewalk with a good walking feeling with elasticity was obtained.
[0038]
[Example 5]
2.66 kg of the fermented chip obtained in Example 1 except for fine particles, and an epoxy resin aqueous emulsion based on bisphenol A type liquid epoxy resin and modified aliphatic polyamine (solid content 54%) 2.0 kg was added and stirred uniformly with a stirrer. This was put into a mold of 300 mm in length and breadth and 50 mm in thickness, put in an oven at 50 ° C. overnight, then taken out and demolded to obtain a molded plate. When this was laid on the ground of hardened soil, a stiff and elastic sidewalk was obtained.
[0039]
[Example 6]
The fermentation chip obtained in Example 1 is sieved and the fine particles are removed to 2.66 kg. Solvent-free epoxy resin (solid content 100%) composed of bisphenol A type liquid epoxy resin and modified aliphatic polyamine 1.8 kg was added and stirred uniformly with a stirrer. This was put into a mold of 300 mm in length and breadth and 50 mm in thickness, put in an oven at 50 ° C. overnight, then taken out and demolded to obtain a molded plate. When this was laid on the ground of hardened soil, a stiff and elastic sidewalk was obtained.
[0040]
[Example 7]
The fermentation chip obtained in Example 1 is sieved and the fine particles are removed to 2.66 kg, and acrylic acid / methacrylic acid alkyl ester / acrylic acid alkyl ester copolymer aqueous emulsion (solid content 45%) 2.2 kg And stirred uniformly with a stirrer. This was put into a mold of 300 mm in length and breadth and 50 mm in thickness, put in an oven at 60 ° C. for a whole day and night, then taken out and demolded to obtain a molded plate. When this was laid on the ground of hardened soil, a stiff and elastic sidewalk was obtained.
[0041]
[Example 8]
The fermentation chip obtained in Example 1 was sieved, and 2.0 kg of a chip-solidifying binder similar to that of Example 1 and an appropriate amount of solvent were added to 10 kg from which fine components were removed, and the mixture was uniformly stirred with a stirrer. A part of this agitated material is spread on the inner surface of a flower pot type with a release agent applied on the inner surface, smoothed to a thickness of about 2 cm, demolded after 30 minutes, upper diameter 25 cm, lower diameter 20 cm, height A 30 cm flower pot was obtained. After leaving for one week, a peach seedling was planted in the flower pot, and one month later, the flower pot was planted on the ground. Peach seedlings grew smoothly, and after one and a half years, both roots and branches spread from the trunk to about 1 to 1.5 m. When digging the root of the trunk and observing it, the flower pot was corroded, and the remaining part was also hooked.
[0042]
[Example 9]
The remaining part of the stirring material of Example 8 was put into a mold having a length of 16 cm, a width of 32 cm, and a height of 5 cm, and removed from the mold after 1 hour to obtain a molding block for a planting bed. In this block, 2 holes in the vertical direction and 4 in the horizontal direction, that is, a total of 8 holes with a diameter of 2 cm and a depth of 2.5 cm were formed at equal intervals, and culture soil and morning glory seeds were placed in each of these holes. When one or two true leaves came out, it was cut with a saw and divided into small blocks that would become planting beds for each morning glory. The small blocks obtained were planted in the soil as they were.
[0043]
After that, all morning glory grew smoothly. In the spring of the following year, when we dug up a small block of the planting bed, the planted bed was corroded in the part of the soil that had been sufficiently flooded, and the original shape of the small block was not maintained. On the other hand, in the part of the soil that was not sufficiently flooded, the progress of the corrosion of the planting bed was slow, and the small blocks still kept almost the original shape.
[0044]
[Example 10]
The cut cherry tree was processed with a chopper-type pulverizer and then with a mill-type pulverizer to produce chips having a size of 3 to 15 mm. After adding 50 kg of waste molasses to 700 kg of this chip and stirring uniformly, it was put into a composting plant, and a fermentation chip containing a hard part and a soft part was produced over 30 days. 0.52 kg of the chip solidifying binder of Example 1 and an appropriate amount of solvent were added to 2.64 kg of this fermented chip, and the mixture was stirred uniformly with a stirrer. This was placed in a mold having a length and width of 300 mm and a thickness of 50 mm, left at 26 ° C. for 1 hour, and demolded to obtain a molded plate. When this was laid on the ground of hardened soil, a stiff and elastic sidewalk was obtained.
[0045]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to effectively use the felled tree without requiring the construction of a huge facility for completely fermenting all the huge felled trees. Moreover, since the molded product obtained by the present invention uses fermented tree material, it is easy to return to the soil even if the product is destroyed and the felled tree of the material is scattered.

Claims (8)

チップ化した後に発酵させた樹木材料であって、その表面部分は発酵菌が付着して分解されており、その芯部分は生樹木のまま残っている状態に発酵させた樹木材料を樹脂結合剤を介して所定形状に成形したことを特徴とする樹木材料成形物。 Tree material fermented after chipping, the surface part of which is fermented with bacteria and decomposed, and the core part of the fermented tree material remains as a raw tree resin binder A tree material molded product, which is molded into a predetermined shape via 請求項1に記載の樹木材料成形物からなる歩道用舗装平板。 A sidewalk pavement plate comprising the tree material molded product according to claim 1 . 請求項1に記載の樹木材料成形物からなる植木鉢。 A flower pot comprising the tree material molded product according to claim 1 . 請求項1に記載の樹木材料成形物からなる植栽ベッド。 A planting bed comprising the molded tree material according to claim 1 . 請求項1に記載の樹木材料成形物からなる植栽桝改良資材。 A planting cocoon improving material comprising the tree material molded product according to claim 1 . 伐採樹木をチップ化する工程と、該チップ化した樹木を発酵させて、その表面部分は発酵菌が付着して分解されており、その芯部分は生樹木のまま残っている状態に発酵させた樹木材料を得る発酵工程と、発酵させた樹木材料を結合剤を用いて成形する工程とを含むことを特徴とする樹木材料成形物の製造方法。The process of chipping the felled tree and fermenting the chipped tree, the surface portion was fermented and decomposed with fermentation bacteria, the core portion was fermented to remain in the raw tree a fermentation step of obtaining a wood material, a manufacturing method of a tree material molded article characterized in that it comprises a step of molding using a binder trees material obtained by the fermentation. 前記発酵工程の後、発酵させた樹木材料から完全発酵して粉末化した柔軟部分を除く工程を行い、次いで前記成形を行う請求項に記載の樹木材料成形物の製造方法。The manufacturing method of the tree material molding of Claim 6 which performs the process of removing the soft part which completely fermented and powdered from this fermented tree material after the said fermentation process, and then performs the said shaping | molding. 伐採樹木をチョッパー型粉砕機で粉砕してチップ化する請求項6又は7に記載の樹木材料成形物の製造方法。The method for producing a tree material molded product according to claim 6 or 7 , wherein the felled tree is pulverized by a chopper type pulverizer into chips.
JP30439798A 1997-10-27 1998-10-26 Tree material molding and method for producing the same Expired - Fee Related JP4008601B2 (en)

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KR102414128B1 (en) * 2021-11-04 2022-06-29 대진산업(주) PVC synthetic wood with excellent long-term durability by remarkably improving the mixability and adhesion of wood fibers with PVC resin

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