JP4000321B2

JP4000321B2 - Distance measuring method and distance measuring method

Info

Publication number: JP4000321B2
Application number: JP2004197995A
Authority: JP
Inventors: 豪藏鹿毛
Original assignee: 東京レーダー株式会社
Priority date: 2004-07-05
Filing date: 2004-07-05
Publication date: 2007-10-31
Anticipated expiration: 2024-07-05
Also published as: JP2006017661A

Description

本発明は，距離測定技術に関し，特に，移動通信の分野において，移動局と固定局の間，または，移動局間の電波の伝搬時間を求め，その伝搬時間に相当する距離を測定する距離測定方法及び距離測定方式に関する。 The present invention relates to distance measurement technology, and in particular, in the field of mobile communication, distance measurement is performed for obtaining a radio wave propagation time between a mobile station and a fixed station or between mobile stations and measuring a distance corresponding to the propagation time. The present invention relates to a method and a distance measurement method.

移動通信の分野で，距離を電波で直接測定する方法は，ＧＰＳによる衛星を使った距離測定が困難な，ビル影や駅構内等で用いられる。 In the field of mobile communication, the method of directly measuring the distance with radio waves is used in building shadows or in station premises where it is difficult to measure distances using satellites using GPS.

従来の電波による距離測定方法としては，（１）スペクトラム拡散されたデジタル信号の伝搬時間を測定する方法（例えば，特許文献１参照），（２）測量対処物へ同期信号を送信しておき，測量対処物からのキャリア周波数を違えた同期信号を受信して，伝搬時間を測定する方法（例えば，特許文献２参照）があった。
特開２００１−６９５５５号公報特開平９−１９７０３６号公報 As a conventional distance measurement method using radio waves, (1) a method for measuring the propagation time of a spread spectrum digital signal (for example, refer to Patent Document 1), (2) a synchronization signal is transmitted to a surveying object, There has been a method (for example, see Patent Document 2) of receiving a synchronization signal from a surveying object with a different carrier frequency and measuring a propagation time.
JP 2001-69555 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-197036

上記（１）のスペクトラム拡散されたデジタル信号の伝搬時間を測定する方法は，伝搬時間測定のため，相関検出技術が複雑であるとともに，非常に広い周波数帯域が必要とされる欠点があった。 The method (1) for measuring the propagation time of a spread spectrum digital signal has a drawback in that the correlation detection technique is complicated and a very wide frequency band is required for measuring the propagation time.

他方，上記（２）の測量対処物からのキャリア周波数を違えた同期信号を折り返す方法は，単調な周期性信号では，キャリア周波数を違えるときに，位相の不確定性が発生して，そのために折り返してきた波からは伝搬時間の測定が困難である。そこで，同期信号として，単に送出電波の立ち上がりだけを検出する方法と，何らかのデジタル信号を用いる方法があった。 On the other hand, the method of looping back the synchronization signal with the different carrier frequency from the surveyed object in (2) described above causes a phase uncertainty in the monotonic periodic signal when the carrier frequency is changed. It is difficult to measure the propagation time from the returned wave. Therefore, there are a method for detecting only the rising edge of the transmitted radio wave and a method for using some kind of digital signal as the synchronization signal.

しかし，単に送出電波の立ち上がりだけを検出する方法は，移動通信特有の激しいフェージング環境下において，受信の立ち上がり時刻を正確に検出することが困難であり，同期信号としてデジタル信号を用いる場合には，十分な測定精度を得るため，高速のデジタル信号を送信する必要があり，結果として，やはり広い周波数帯域が必要であった。 However, the method of detecting only the rising edge of the transmitted radio wave is difficult to accurately detect the rising time of reception under the intense fading environment peculiar to mobile communications. When a digital signal is used as a synchronization signal, In order to obtain sufficient measurement accuracy, it was necessary to transmit a high-speed digital signal, and as a result, a wide frequency band was also required.

また，従来の方法において，高速のデジタル信号を使う場合には，１〜２ＧＨｚ帯以上の高いキャリア周波数を使用する無線システムに限られており，キャリア周波数が低い無線システムでは，信号の周波数帯域幅とキャリア周波数の比が大きくなりすぎて，実用には適さなかった。 Further, in the conventional method, when using a high-speed digital signal, it is limited to a radio system using a high carrier frequency of 1 to 2 GHz band or more. In a radio system having a low carrier frequency, the frequency bandwidth of the signal The carrier frequency ratio was too large and was not suitable for practical use.

本発明は，従来の距離測定方法の問題点を解決して，限られた周波数帯域において，しかも単調な波形（例えば，正弦波）で，移動局と固定局の間，あるいは移動局間の電波伝搬時間を求め，（相対的）距離を電波で直接測定する距離測定方法及び距離測定方式の提供を目的とする。 The present invention solves the problems of the conventional distance measuring method, and in a limited frequency band and with a monotonous waveform (for example, a sine wave), radio waves between a mobile station and a fixed station, or between mobile stations. The purpose is to provide a distance measurement method and a distance measurement method in which the propagation time is obtained and the (relative) distance is directly measured by radio waves.

本発明によって，数百ＭＨｚ程度の低いキャリア周波数であっても数百ｍ程度の距離測定は可能になる。 According to the present invention, it is possible to measure a distance of several hundred meters even at a carrier frequency as low as several hundred MHz.

本発明は，上記課題を解決するため，周波数の異なる２つの波を送信し，相手局において２つの波を受信すると，それぞれ周波数シフトして折り返し，折り返してきた２つの波と相手局へ送信した２つの波を用いて，相手局で周波数シフト時に付加された周波数や位相の不確定成分の影響を受けずに無線局間の伝搬時間が測定できるように相殺した新たな２つの波を生成し，その２つの波の位相差により伝搬時間を測定することをもっとも主要な特徴とする。 In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, the present invention transmits two waves having different frequencies, and when two waves are received at the partner station, each of the waves is frequency-shifted and looped back. Using the two waves, generate two new waves that cancel each other so that the propagation time between radio stations can be measured without being affected by the frequency and phase uncertainty components added at the time of frequency shift at the partner station. The most important feature is that the propagation time is measured by the phase difference between the two waves.

図１は，本発明の概要を説明する図である。本発明においては，無線局１の第１の発振手段１０１から周波数ｆ₁の第１の波を発振し，第２の発振手段１０２から周波数ｆ₂（ｆ₂≠ｆ₁）の第２の波を発振し，送信手段１０３からそれぞれの波を無線局２に送信する。 FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining the outline of the present invention. In the present invention, oscillates a first wave of frequency f ₁ from the first oscillating means 101 of the radio station 1, a second wave of frequency f ₂ from the second oscillating means 102 (f ₂ ≠ f ₁₎ And each wave is transmitted from the transmission means 103 to the radio station 2.

無線局２の受信手段２０１が，第１の波及び第２の波を受信する。そして，周波数位相シフト手段２０２が，それぞれの波の周波数と位相を所定の周波数シフト用の波によりシフトする。この周波数位相シフト手段２０２による周波数と位相のシフト処理により，第１の波から周波数ｆ₃の第３の波が生成され，第２の波から周波数ｆ₄（ｆ₄≠ｆ₃）の第４の波が生成される。送信手段２０３は，生成された第３の波及び第４の波を無線局１に送信する。周波数位相シフト手段２０２によって周波数ｆ₁，ｆ₂の波の周波数をシフトするのは，送信手段２０３によって無線局２から無線局１へ送信する波が，無線局２の受信手段２０１によって受信され，無線局１からの波と混同してしまわないようにするためである。 The receiving means 201 of the radio station 2 receives the first wave and the second wave. Then, the frequency phase shift means 202 shifts the frequency and phase of each wave with a predetermined frequency shift wave. By the frequency and phase shift processing by the frequency phase shift means 202, a _third wave of frequency f ₃ is generated from the first wave, and a _fourth wave of frequency f ₄ (f ₄ ≠ f ₃ ) is generated from the second wave. Wave is generated. The transmission unit 203 transmits the generated third wave and fourth wave to the radio station 1. The frequency phase shift means 202 shifts the frequencies of the waves f ₁ and f _{2 because} the wave transmitted from the radio station 2 to the radio station 1 by the transmission means 203 is received by the reception means 201 of the radio station 2, This is to avoid confusion with the waves from the radio station 1.

無線局１の受信手段１０４が第３の波及び第４の波を受信すると，周波数位相シフト手段１０５は，第１の波と第２の波と第３の波と第４の波の，相異なる２組の２つの波を用いて，それぞれ周波数及び位相をシフトすることにより，周波数が同じで位相が異なる第５の波と第６の波を生成する。この第５の波と第６の波の生成方法としては，次のいずれを用いてもよい。
（１）第１の波と第２の波を入力して周波数と位相をシフトする周波数位相シフト手段により第５の波を生成し，第３の波と第４の波を入力して周波数と位相をシフトする他の周波数位相シフト手段により第６の波を生成する。
（２）第１の波と第３の波を入力して周波数と位相をシフトする周波数位相シフト手段により第５の波を生成し，第２の波と第４の波を入力して周波数と位相をシフトする他の周波数位相シフト手段により第６の波を生成する。
（３）第１の波と第４の波を入力して周波数と位相をシフトする周波数位相シフト手段により第５の波を生成し，第２の波と第３の波を入力して周波数と位相をシフトする他の周波数位相シフト手段により第６の波を生成する。 When the receiving means 104 of the radio station 1 receives the third wave and the fourth wave, the frequency phase shift means 105 outputs the phase of the first wave, the second wave, the third wave, and the fourth wave. By using two different sets of two waves and shifting the frequency and phase, respectively, the fifth wave and the sixth wave having the same frequency and different phases are generated. Any of the following may be used as a method of generating the fifth wave and the sixth wave.
(1) The fifth wave is generated by the frequency phase shift means for inputting the first wave and the second wave to shift the frequency and the phase, and the third wave and the fourth wave are input and the frequency The sixth wave is generated by other frequency phase shift means for shifting the phase.
(2) The fifth wave is generated by the frequency phase shift means for shifting the frequency and the phase by inputting the first wave and the third wave, and the frequency and the second wave and the fourth wave are input. The sixth wave is generated by other frequency phase shift means for shifting the phase.
(3) The fifth wave is generated by the frequency phase shift means for inputting the first wave and the fourth wave to shift the frequency and the phase, and the second wave and the third wave are input and the frequency The sixth wave is generated by other frequency phase shift means for shifting the phase.

上記（１）〜（３）のいずれの方法を用いても，無線局２で周波数位相シフト手段２０２によって周波数シフト時に付加された周波数や位相の不確定成分の影響を受けないように相殺した新たな２つの波を生成することができる。 Even if any of the above methods (1) to (3) is used, a new offset is made so as not to be affected by the frequency and phase indeterminate components added at the time of frequency shift by the frequency phase shift means 202 in the wireless station 2. Two waves can be generated.

測定手段１０６は，生成された第５の波と第６の波の位相差に基づいて，無線局１と無線局２間の電波の伝搬時間を測定する。電波の速度と伝搬時間とから無線局１と無線局２間の距離を求めることができる。 The measuring means 106 measures the propagation time of the radio wave between the radio station 1 and the radio station 2 based on the generated phase difference between the fifth wave and the sixth wave. The distance between the radio station 1 and the radio station 2 can be obtained from the speed of radio waves and the propagation time.

本発明は，電波の伝搬時間を測定することによる距離測定方式であるから，本発明を使って，移動局と固定局の間，あるいは移動局間の電波の伝搬時間を直接得ることも可能である。この場合，後述する本発明の実施例の表示器において，片道の伝搬時間τ，または往復の伝搬時間２τを表示するようにすればよい。 Since the present invention is a distance measurement method by measuring the propagation time of radio waves, it is also possible to directly obtain the propagation time of radio waves between a mobile station and a fixed station or between mobile stations using the present invention. is there. In this case, the one-way propagation time τ or the round-trip propagation time 2τ may be displayed on the display of the embodiment of the present invention described later.

すなわち，本発明は，単調な周期性信号を使って伝搬時間を測定する方式であるから，周波数帯域を広げることなく，電波で直接，移動局と固定局，あるいは移動局間の距離の測定が可能であるという効果がある。本発明によれば，単調な周期性信号を測定に使用しているにもかかわらず，折り返す電波の周波数や位相の不確定性は，受信側で相殺されて，伝搬時間の測定に全く影響しないメリットがある。また，狭帯域での測定が可能であることは，さらに，無線周波数として，数百ＭＨｚ程度の低い周波数帯でも実用できることを意味する。 In other words, since the present invention is a method of measuring the propagation time using a monotonic periodic signal, the distance between the mobile station and the fixed station or the mobile station can be measured directly by radio waves without widening the frequency band. There is an effect that it is possible. According to the present invention, although the monotonic periodic signal is used for the measurement, the uncertainty of the frequency and phase of the folded radio wave is canceled on the receiving side and does not affect the measurement of the propagation time at all. There are benefits. Moreover, the fact that measurement in a narrow band is possible means that the radio frequency can be practically used even in a low frequency band of about several hundred MHz.

〔第１の実施の形態〕
本発明の第１の実施の形態は，第１の無線局と第２の無線局の間の伝搬時間を測定する距離測定方式であって，第１の無線局及び第２の無線局は，それぞれ以下に述べる手段を備える。 [First Embodiment]
The first embodiment of the present invention is a distance measurement method for measuring a propagation time between a first radio station and a second radio station, and the first radio station and the second radio station are: Each has the following means.

第１の無線局は，
第１の波を発振する第１の発振手段と，
第２の波を発振する第２の発振手段と，
第１の波を電波として送信する第１の送信手段と，
第２の波を電波として送信する第２の送信手段とを備え，
第１の波と第２の波の電波を第２の無線局へ送信する。 The first radio station
First oscillating means for oscillating a first wave;
A second oscillating means for oscillating a second wave;
First transmission means for transmitting the first wave as a radio wave;
Second transmitting means for transmitting the second wave as a radio wave,
The radio waves of the first wave and the second wave are transmitted to the second radio station.

第２の無線局は，
送信された第１の波を受信する第１の受信手段と，
送信された第２の波を受信する第２の受信手段と，
周波数シフト用の波を発振する第３の発振手段と，
第１の受信手段で受信した第１の波と周波数シフト用の波を入力して，周波数と位相をシフトして第３の波を出力する第１の周波数位相シフト手段と，
第２の受信手段で受信した第２の波と周波数シフト用の波を入力して，周波数と位相をシフトして第４の波を出力する第２の周波数位相シフト手段と，
第３の波を送信する第３の送信手段と，
第４の波を送信する第４の送信手段とを備え，
第３の波と第４の波を第１の無線局へ送信する。 The second radio station
First receiving means for receiving the transmitted first wave;
Second receiving means for receiving the transmitted second wave;
A third oscillation means for oscillating a frequency shift wave;
First frequency phase shift means for inputting a first wave received by the first receiving means and a wave for frequency shift, shifting the frequency and phase, and outputting a third wave;
A second frequency phase shift means for inputting a second wave and a frequency shift wave received by the second reception means, shifting a frequency and a phase and outputting a fourth wave;
A third transmission means for transmitting a third wave;
A fourth transmission means for transmitting the fourth wave,
The third wave and the fourth wave are transmitted to the first radio station.

さらに，第１の無線局は，
第３の波を受信する第３の受信手段と，
第４の波を受信する第４の受信手段と，
第１の発振手段から得られた第１の波，第２の発振手段から得られた第２の波，第３の受信手段から得られた第３の波，及び第４の受信手段から得られた第４の波を入力して，それぞれの周波数及び位相をシフトするマルチ周波数位相シフト手段と，
マルチ周波数位相シフト手段の処理結果に従って，第１の無線局と第２の無線局の間の伝搬時間を測定する伝搬時間測定手段とを備え，
伝搬時間によって距離を測定する。 Furthermore, the first radio station
Third receiving means for receiving a third wave;
A fourth receiving means for receiving a fourth wave;
Obtained from the first wave obtained from the first oscillating means, the second wave obtained from the second oscillating means, the third wave obtained from the third receiving means, and the fourth receiving means. Multi-frequency phase shift means for inputting the received fourth wave and shifting the respective frequencies and phases;
Propagation time measuring means for measuring the propagation time between the first radio station and the second radio station according to the processing result of the multi-frequency phase shift means,
Measure distance by propagation time.

〔第２の実施の形態〕
本発明の第２の実施の形態は，上記第１の実施の形態において，
第１の無線局における前記マルチ周波数位相シフト手段は，
第３の受信手段で受信した第３の波と第４の受信手段で受信した第４の波を入力して，周波数と位相をシフトする第３の周波数位相シフト手段と，
第１の波と第２の波を入力して，周波数と位相をシフトする第４の周波数位相シフト手段とを備え，
伝搬時間測定手段は，
第３の周波数位相シフト手段の出力と第４の周波数位相シフト手段の出力とを使って，第１の無線局と第２の無線局の間の伝搬時間を測定する時間測定手段を備える。 [Second Embodiment]
The second embodiment of the present invention is the same as the first embodiment described above.
The multi-frequency phase shift means in the first radio station is:
A third frequency phase shift means for inputting the third wave received by the third receiving means and the fourth wave received by the fourth receiving means and shifting the frequency and phase;
A fourth frequency phase shift means for inputting the first wave and the second wave and shifting the frequency and phase;
Propagation time measurement means
Time measuring means for measuring the propagation time between the first radio station and the second radio station using the output of the third frequency phase shift means and the output of the fourth frequency phase shift means is provided.

〔第３の実施の形態〕
また，本発明の第３の実施の形態は，上記第１の実施の形態において，
第１の無線局における前記マルチ周波数位相シフト手段は，
第３の受信手段で受信した第３の波と第１の波を入力して，周波数と位相をシフトする第５の周波数位相シフト手段と，
第４の受信手段で受信した第４の波と第２の波を入力して，周波数と位相をシフトする第６の周波数位相シフト手段とを備え，
伝搬時間測定手段は，
第５の周波数位相シフト手段の出力と第６の周波数位相シフト手段の出力とを使って，第１の無線局と第２の無線局の間の伝搬時間を測定する時間測定手段を備える。 [Third Embodiment]
The third embodiment of the present invention is the same as the first embodiment described above.
The multi-frequency phase shift means in the first radio station is:
A fifth frequency phase shift means for inputting the third wave and the first wave received by the third receiving means and shifting the frequency and phase;
A fourth frequency phase shift means for inputting the fourth wave and the second wave received by the fourth reception means and shifting the frequency and phase;
Propagation time measurement means
Time measuring means for measuring the propagation time between the first radio station and the second radio station using the output of the fifth frequency phase shift means and the output of the sixth frequency phase shift means is provided.

〔第４の実施の形態〕
また，本発明の第４の実施の形態は，上記第１の実施の形態において，
第１の無線局のマルチ周波数位相シフト手段は，
第３の受信手段で受信した第３の波と第２の波を入力して，周波数と位相をシフトする第７の周波数位相シフト手段と，
第４の受信手段で受信した第４の波と第１の波を入力して，周波数と位相をシフトする第８の周波数位相シフト手段とを備え，
伝搬時間測定手段は，
第７の周波数位相シフト手段の出力と第８の周波数位相シフト手段の出力とを使って，第１の無線局と第２の無線局の間の伝搬時間を測定する時間測定手段を備える。 [Fourth Embodiment]
The fourth embodiment of the present invention is the same as the first embodiment described above.
The multi-frequency phase shift means of the first radio station is:
A seventh frequency phase shift means for inputting the third wave and the second wave received by the third receiving means and shifting the frequency and the phase;
An eighth frequency phase shift means for inputting the fourth wave and the first wave received by the fourth receiving means and shifting the frequency and phase;
Propagation time measurement means
Time measuring means for measuring the propagation time between the first radio station and the second radio station using the output of the seventh frequency phase shift means and the output of the eighth frequency phase shift means is provided.

〔第５の実施の形態〕
また，本発明の第５の実施の形態は，上記第１〜第４の実施の形態において，
第１の無線局の第１の送信手段と第２の送信手段とを共通に使用する第１の共通送信手段を設け，第１の波と第２の波を合成して，第１の共通送信手段によって送信する。 [Fifth Embodiment]
The fifth embodiment of the present invention is the same as the first to fourth embodiments described above.
A first common transmission unit that uses the first transmission unit and the second transmission unit of the first wireless station in common is provided, and the first common wave and the second wave are combined to form a first common Transmit by transmission means.

〔第６の実施の形態〕
また，本発明の第６の実施の形態は，上記第１〜第５の実施の形態において，
第２の無線局の第１の受信手段と第２の受信手段とを共通に使用する第１の共通受信手段を設け，第１の無線局から送信された第１の波と第２の波を第１の共通受信手段によって受信し，その出力を，分離して使用する。 [Sixth Embodiment]
The sixth embodiment of the present invention is the same as the first to fifth embodiments described above.
First common receiving means for commonly using the first receiving means and the second receiving means of the second wireless station is provided, and the first wave and the second wave transmitted from the first wireless station are provided. Are received by the first common receiving means, and their outputs are used separately.

〔第７の実施の形態〕
また，本発明の第７の実施の形態は，上記第１〜第６の実施の形態において，
第２の無線局の第３の送信手段と第４の送信手段とを共通に使用する第２の共通送信手段を設け，第３の波と第４の波を合成して，第２の共通送信手段によって送信することを特徴とする。 [Seventh Embodiment]
The seventh embodiment of the present invention is the same as the first to sixth embodiments described above.
A second common transmission unit that uses the third transmission unit and the fourth transmission unit of the second radio station in common is provided, and the third wave and the fourth wave are combined to form a second common It transmits by a transmission means, It is characterized by the above-mentioned.

〔第８の実施の形態〕
また，本発明の第８の実施の形態は，上記第１〜第７の実施の形態において，
第１の無線局の第３の受信手段と第４の受信手段とを共通に使用する第２の共通受信手段を設け，第３の波と第４の波を第２の共通受信手段によって受信し，その出力を，分離して使用する。 [Eighth Embodiment]
The eighth embodiment of the present invention is the same as the first to seventh embodiments described above.
A second common receiving means for commonly using the third receiving means and the fourth receiving means of the first radio station is provided, and the third wave and the fourth wave are received by the second common receiving means. The output is used separately.

以下，図面を参照しながら，無線局１と無線局２の間の伝搬時間を求めることにより，無線局１と無線局２の間の距離を電波で直接測定する本発明の実施例について説明する。ここでは，説明を簡略化するため，増幅器やフィルタ等の遅延時間は無視している。 Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention in which the distance between the radio station 1 and the radio station 2 is directly measured by radio waves by obtaining the propagation time between the radio station 1 and the radio station 2 will be described with reference to the drawings. . Here, in order to simplify the explanation, delay times of amplifiers, filters, etc. are ignored.

図２は，本発明の実施例１を示す図である。無線局１においては，周波数ｆ₁の波を発振する発振器３と周波数ｆ₂の波を発振する発振器４がある。それぞれの発振器出力は，発振器３の出力が，増幅器５とアンテナ６からなる第１の送信機より送信されて，発振器４の出力が，増幅器７とアンテナ８からなる第２の送信機より送信される。 FIG. 2 is a diagram showing Example 1 of the present invention. The radio station 1 includes an oscillator 3 that oscillates a wave having a frequency f ₁ and an oscillator 4 that oscillates a wave having a frequency f ₂ . The output of the oscillator 3 is transmitted from the first transmitter including the amplifier 5 and the antenna 6, and the output of the oscillator 4 is transmitted from the second transmitter including the amplifier 7 and the antenna 8. The

アンテナ６から送信された波をＸ₁（ｔ），アンテナ８から送信された波をＸ₂（ｔ）として，ω₁＝２πｆ₁，ω₂＝２πｆ₂とすると，送信された波は，それぞれ，次式のように表される。本説明では，振幅については本質的でないため，記載を省略する。 Assuming that the wave transmitted from the antenna 6 is X ₁ (t) and the wave transmitted from the antenna 8 is X ₂ (t) and ω ₁ = 2πf ₁ and ω ₂ = 2πf ₂ , the transmitted waves are respectively , Is expressed as: In this description, the amplitude is not essential, so the description is omitted.

Ｘ₁（ｔ）＝ｃｏｓ（ω₁ｔ＋θ₁） …（１）
Ｘ₂（ｔ）＝ｃｏｓ（ω₂ｔ＋θ₂） …（２）
無線局２においては，それぞれの波Ｘ₁（ｔ）とＸ₂（ｔ）が伝搬時間τ遅延して受信される。 X ₁ (t) = cos (ω ₁ t + θ ₁ ) (1)
X ₂ (t) = cos (ω ₂ t + θ ₂ ) (2)
The radio station 2 receives the waves X ₁ (t) and X ₂ (t) with a propagation time τ delay.

アンテナ６から送信された波は，アンテナ９，受信増幅器１０，帯域通過フィルタ１１からなる第１の受信機により受信され，
Ｙ₁（ｔ）＝Ｘ₁（ｔ−τ）
＝ｃｏｓ｛ω₁（ｔ−τ）＋θ₁｝ …（３）
を出力する。 A wave transmitted from the antenna 6 is received by a first receiver including an antenna 9, a receiving amplifier 10, and a bandpass filter 11.
Y ₁ (t) = X ₁ (t−τ)
= Cos {ω ₁ (t−τ) + θ ₁ } (3)
Is output.

他方，アンテナ８から送信された波は，アンテナ１２，受信増幅器１３，帯域通過フィルタ１４からなる第２の受信機により受信され，
Ｙ₂（ｔ）＝Ｘ₂（ｔ−τ）
＝ｃｏｓ｛ω₂（ｔ−τ）＋θ₂｝ …（４）
を出力する。 On the other hand, the wave transmitted from the antenna 8 is received by the second receiver including the antenna 12, the receiving amplifier 13, and the band pass filter 14.
Y ₂ (t) = X ₂ (t−τ)
= Cos {ω ₂ (t−τ) + θ ₂ } (4)
Is output.

本発明の実施例１では，発振器１５で周波数シフト用の波（周波数Δｆ，位相Δθ）を発振させておき，それぞれ受信した波Ｙ₁（ｔ），Ｙ₂（ｔ）を周波数位相シフト手段１６及び１９によって周波数と位相をシフトする。ここでは，説明を簡単にするために，始めに，ｆ₁＞ｆ₂＞Δｆ＞０の場合について述べる。 In the first embodiment of the present invention, the oscillator 15 oscillates a frequency shift wave (frequency Δf, phase Δθ), and the received waves Y ₁ (t) and Y ₂ (t) are respectively transmitted to the frequency phase shift means 16. And 19 shift the frequency and phase. Here, in order to simplify the description, a case where f ₁ > f ₂ >Δf> 0 will be described first.

周波数位相シフト手段１６はミキサー１７と高域通過フィルタ１８から構成され，Ｙ₁（ｔ）の周波数と位相について，加算する方向（ＭＩＸ−ＵＰ：以下同様）にシフトする。すなわち，周波数位相シフト手段１６の出力として，
Ｚ₁（ｔ）＝ｃｏｓ｛ω₁（ｔ−τ）＋θ₁＋（Δωｔ＋Δθ）｝ …（５）
を得る。ここで，Δω＝２πΔｆである。 The frequency phase shift means 16 comprises a mixer 17 and a high-pass filter 18, and shifts the frequency and phase of Y ₁ (t) in the adding direction (MIX-UP: the same applies hereinafter). That is, as an output of the frequency phase shift means 16,
Z ₁ (t) = cos {ω ₁ (t−τ) + θ ₁ + (Δωt + Δθ)} (5)
Get. Here, Δω = 2πΔf.

周波数位相シフト手段１９はミキサー２０と高域通過フィルタ２１から構成され，Ｙ₂（ｔ）の周波数と位相について，加算する方向にシフトする。すなわち，周波数位相シフト手段１９の出力として，
Ｚ₂（ｔ）＝ｃｏｓ｛ω₂（ｔ−τ）＋θ₂＋（Δωｔ＋Δθ）｝ …（６）
を得る。 The frequency phase shift means 19 includes a mixer 20 and a high-pass filter 21 and shifts the frequency and phase of Y ₂ (t) in the adding direction. That is, as an output of the frequency phase shift means 19,
Z ₂ (t) = cos {ω ₂ (t−τ) + θ ₂ + (Δωt + Δθ)} (6)
Get.

周波数と位相のシフトした波Ｚ₁（ｔ）は，増幅器２２，アンテナ２３からなる第３の送信機によって送信され，他方，Ｚ₂（ｔ）は，増幅器２４，アンテナ２５からなる第４の送信機によって送信される。 The frequency and phase shifted wave Z ₁ (t) is transmitted by a third transmitter consisting of an amplifier 22 and an antenna 23, while Z ₂ (t) is a fourth transmission consisting of an amplifier 24 and an antenna 25. Sent by the machine.

無線局１においては，それぞれの波Ｚ₁（ｔ）とＺ₂（ｔ）が伝搬時間τ遅延して受信される。アンテナ２３から送信された波は，アンテナ２６，受信増幅器２７，帯域通過フィルタ２８からなる第３の受信機により受信され，
Ｒ₁（ｔ）＝Ｚ₁（ｔ−τ）
＝ｃｏｓ｛ω₁（ｔ−２τ）＋θ₁＋Δω（ｔ−τ）＋Δθ｝…（７）
を出力する。他方，アンテナ２５から送信された波は，アンテナ２９，受信増幅器３０，帯域通過フィルタ３１からなる第４の受信機により受信され，
Ｒ₂（ｔ）＝Ｚ₂（ｔ−τ）
＝ｃｏｓ｛ω₂（ｔ−２τ）＋θ₂＋Δω（ｔ−τ）＋Δθ｝…（８）
を出力する。 In the radio station 1, the waves Z ₁ (t) and Z ₂ (t) are received with a propagation time τ delay. A wave transmitted from the antenna 23 is received by a third receiver including the antenna 26, the reception amplifier 27, and the band pass filter 28.
R ₁ (t) = Z ₁ (t−τ)
= Cos {ω ₁ (t−2τ) + θ ₁ + Δω (t−τ) + Δθ} (7)
Is output. On the other hand, the wave transmitted from the antenna 25 is received by the fourth receiver including the antenna 29, the receiving amplifier 30, and the band pass filter 31,
R ₂ (t) = Z ₂ (t−τ)
= Cos {ω ₂ (t−2τ) + θ ₂ + Δω (t−τ) + Δθ} (8)
Is output.

無線局１では，Ｘ₁（ｔ），Ｘ₂（ｔ），Ｒ₁（ｔ），Ｒ₂（ｔ）の４つの波をマルチ周波数位相シフト手段３２へ入力し，その結果を使って，無線局１と無線局２の伝搬時間を求める。 In the wireless station 1, four waves of X ₁ (t), X ₂ (t), R ₁ (t), R ₂ (t) are input to the multi-frequency phase shift means 32, and the result is used for wireless communication. The propagation time of the station 1 and the radio station 2 is obtained.

図２に示す実施例１の場合，マルチ周波数位相シフト手段３２は，２つの周波数位相シフト手段３３及び３４からなる。周波数位相シフト手段３３は，ミキサー３５と低域通過フィルタ３６からなり，受信した波Ｒ₁（ｔ）とＲ₂（ｔ）の周波数と位相について，減算する方向（ＭＩＸ−ＤＯＷＮ：以下同様）にシフトする。その結果，周波数位相シフト手段３３の出力は，
Ｒ（ｔ）＝ｃｏｓ｛（ω₁−ω₂）（ｔ−２τ）＋（θ₁−θ₂）｝ …（９）
となる。周波数位相シフト手段３４は，ミキサー３７と低域通過フィルタ３８からなり，無線局１で発振している２つの波Ｘ₁（ｔ）とＸ₂（ｔ）を入力して，周波数と位相について，減算する方向にシフトして，次の波を得る。 In the case of the first embodiment shown in FIG. 2, the multi-frequency phase shift means 32 includes two frequency phase shift means 33 and 34. The frequency phase shift means 33 comprises a mixer 35 and a low-pass filter 36, and subtracts the frequency and phase of the received waves R ₁ (t) and R ₂ (t) (MIX-DOWN: the same applies hereinafter). shift. As a result, the output of the frequency phase shift means 33 is
R (t) = cos {(ω ₁ −ω ₂ ) (t−2τ) + (θ ₁ −θ ₂ )} (9)
It becomes. The frequency phase shift means 34 is composed of a mixer 37 and a low-pass filter 38, and inputs _two waves X ₁ (t) and X ₂ (t) oscillated in the radio station 1, and regarding the frequency and phase, Shift in the direction of subtraction to get the next wave.

Ｘ（ｔ）＝ｃｏｓ｛（ω₁−ω₂）ｔ＋（θ₁−θ₂）｝ …（１０）
（９）式と（１０）式とを比べると，周波数は同じで，位相差だけが２（ω₁−ω₂）τの値異なる。 X (t) = cos {(ω ₁ −ω ₂ ) t + (θ ₁ −θ ₂ )} (10)
Comparing equation (9) and equation (10), the frequency is the same and only the phase difference is different from 2 (ω ₁ −ω ₂ ) τ.

そこで，（９）式で表されるＲ（ｔ）と，（１０）式で表されるＸ（ｔ）との位相差を求めて，
［測定した位相差］／｛２（ω₁−ω₂）｝
なる値を時間測定器３９で求めれば，片道の伝搬時間τが得られる。 Therefore, the phase difference between R (t) represented by equation (9) and X (t) represented by equation (10) is obtained,
[Measured phase difference] / {2 (ω ₁ −ω ₂ )}
Is obtained by the time measuring device 39, the one-way propagation time τ can be obtained.

往復の伝搬時間２τを得るには，
［測定した位相差］／（ω₁−ω₂）
を求めるようにすればよい。以下の実施例でも同様である。時間測定器３９としては，Ｒ（ｔ）とＸ（ｔ）との時間差を直接測定して１／２しても，伝搬時間τを得ることができる。 To obtain the round-trip propagation time 2τ,
[Measured phase difference] / (ω ₁ −ω ₂ )
Should be requested. The same applies to the following embodiments. The time measuring device 39 can obtain the propagation time τ even if the time difference between R (t) and X (t) is directly measured and halved.

以上のように，（９）式および（１０）式で表される同じ周波数の２つの波の位相差に着目して伝搬時間を測定するため，波そのものに仮に不確定成分があったとしても，それらは２つの波の間で相殺されることになり，伝搬時間の測定には影響しない。したがって，安定した精度のよい測定が可能である。 As described above, since the propagation time is measured by paying attention to the phase difference between two waves having the same frequency expressed by the equations (9) and (10), even if the wave itself has an uncertain component. , They will cancel out between the two waves and will not affect the measurement of propagation time. Therefore, stable and accurate measurement is possible.

得られた伝搬時間τに電波の伝搬速度をかけると無線局１と無線局２の間の距離が得られるので，その値を表示器４０で表示すれば，伝搬時間に相当する距離が表示される。往復の距離を求める場合には，往復の伝搬時間２τに伝搬速度をかけると得られる。以下の実施例でも同様である。 When the propagation speed of the radio wave is applied to the obtained propagation time τ, the distance between the radio station 1 and the radio station 2 can be obtained. If the value is displayed on the display 40, the distance corresponding to the propagation time is displayed. The When the round-trip distance is obtained, it is obtained by multiplying the round-trip propagation time 2τ by the propagation speed. The same applies to the following embodiments.

測定可能な最大伝搬時間τ［ＭＡＸ］は，次の関係により得られる。 The maximum measurable propagation time τ [MAX] is obtained by the following relationship.

τ［ＭＡＸ］＝π／（ω₁−ω₂）
＝１／｛２（ｆ₁−ｆ₂）｝ …（１１）
例えば，ｆ₁−ｆ₂＝１００ｋＨｚであれば，τ［ＭＡＸ］＝５μｓｅｃであり，この伝搬時間は，１．５ｋｍの距離に相当する。 τ [MAX] = π / (ω ₁ −ω ₂ )
= 1 / {2 (f ₁ -f ₂ )} (11)
For example, if f ₁ −f ₂ = 100 kHz, τ [MAX] = 5 μsec, and this propagation time corresponds to a distance of 1.5 km.

図２の本発明の実施例１では，周波数位相シフト手段１６，１９，３３，３４の周波数と位相に関してシフトする極性は，周波数位相シフト手段１６，１９は加算する方向（ＭＩＸ−ＵＰ）に，周波数位相シフト手段３３，３４は減算する方向（ＭＩＸ−ＤＯＷＮ）にシフトしたが，それぞれの周波数位相シフト手段でシフトする極性について，それ以外に複数の組み合わせが可能である。 In the first embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 2, the frequency phase shift means 16, 19, 33, and 34 are shifted with respect to the frequency and phase in the direction in which the frequency phase shift means 16 and 19 add (MIX-UP). The frequency phase shift means 33 and 34 are shifted in the subtracting direction (MIX-DOWN), but a plurality of other combinations are possible for the polarity shifted by the respective frequency phase shift means.

ｆ₁＞ｆ₂＞Δｆ＞０の場合について，測定可能な最大伝搬時間τ［ＭＡＸ］とそれぞれの周波数位相シフト手段の極性の関係例を表１に示す。「加算」は周波数の絶対値が大きくなる方向（ＭＩＸ−ＵＰ）にシフトする意味であり，減算は周波数の絶対値が減少する方向（ＭＩＸ−ＤＯＷＮ）にシフトする意味である。 Table 1 shows an example of the relationship between the maximum measurable propagation time τ [MAX] and the polarity of each frequency phase shift means for the case of f ₁ > f ₂ >Δf> 0. “Addition” means shifting in a direction in which the absolute value of the frequency increases (MIX-UP), and subtraction means shifting in a direction in which the absolute value of the frequency decreases (MIX-DOWN).

ｆ₁＞Δｆ＞ｆ₂＞０の場合について，測定可能な最大伝搬時間τ［ＭＡＸ］とそれぞれの周波数位相シフト手段の極性の関係例を表２に示す。

Table 2 shows an example of the relationship between the maximum measurable propagation time τ [MAX] and the polarity of each frequency phase shift means when f ₁ >Δf> f ₂ > 0.

Δｆ＞ｆ₁＞ｆ₂＞０の場合について，測定可能な最大伝搬時間τ［ＭＡＸ］とそれぞれの周波数位相シフト手段の極性の関係例を表３に示す。

Table 3 shows an example of the relationship between the maximum measurable propagation time τ [MAX] and the polarity of each frequency phase shift means when Δf> f ₁ > f ₂ > 0.

τ［ＭＡＸ］＝１／｛２（ｆ₁−ｆ₂）｝となる場合は，伝搬距離が長い場合の測定に適しており，他方，τ［ＭＡＸ］＝１／｛２（ｆ₁＋ｆ₂）｝となる場合は，伝搬時間が短く至近距離の場合の測定に適している。

When τ [MAX] = 1 / {2 (f ₁ −f ₂ )}, it is suitable for measurement when the propagation distance is long, while τ [MAX] = 1 / {2 (f ₁ + f _2). )}, It is suitable for measurement when the propagation time is short and the distance is short.

図３は，本発明の実施例２を示す図である。実施例１と実施例２との差異は，実施例１では，図２のマルチ周波数位相シフト手段３２において，第１の波と第２の波（送信波どうし）をミキシングして得た波と，第３の波と第４の波（受信波どうし）をミキシングして得た波とを比べて伝搬時間を求めたが，実施例２では，図３のマルチ周波数位相シフト手段４１において，第１の波と第３の波（送信波と受信波）をミキシングして得た波と，第２の波と第４の波（もう一方の送信波と受信波）をミキシングして得た波とを比べて伝搬時間を測定する点にある。 FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a second embodiment of the present invention. The difference between the first embodiment and the second embodiment is that, in the first embodiment, the multi-frequency phase shift means 32 in FIG. 2 uses the wave obtained by mixing the first wave and the second wave (transmission waves). The propagation time is obtained by comparing the third wave and the wave obtained by mixing the fourth wave (received waves). In the second embodiment, the multi-frequency phase shift means 41 in FIG. Wave obtained by mixing 1 wave and 3rd wave (transmitted wave and received wave) and wave obtained by mixing 2nd wave and 4th wave (the other transmitted wave and received wave) And the propagation time is measured.

図３の無線局１においては，図２の場合と同様に，アンテナ６及びアンテナ８から次の波が送信される。 In the radio station 1 of FIG. 3, the next wave is transmitted from the antenna 6 and the antenna 8 as in the case of FIG.

Ｘ₁（ｔ）＝ｃｏｓ（ω₁ｔ＋θ₁） …（１２）
Ｘ₂（ｔ）＝ｃｏｓ（ω₂ｔ＋θ₂） …（１３）
図３の無線局２においては，それぞれの波Ｘ₁（ｔ）とＸ₂（ｔ）が伝搬時間τ遅延して受信され，図２の場合と同様に，帯域通過フィルタ１１及び帯域通過フィルタ１４から次の波形が得られる。 X ₁ (t) = cos (ω ₁ t + θ ₁ ) (12)
X ₂ (t) = cos (ω ₂ t + θ ₂ ) (13)
In the radio station 2 of FIG. 3, the respective waves X ₁ (t) and X ₂ (t) are received with a propagation time τ delayed, and the band pass filter 11 and the band pass filter 14 are received as in the case of FIG. The following waveform is obtained from

Ｙ₁（ｔ）＝Ｘ₁（ｔ−τ）
＝ｃｏｓ｛ω₁（ｔ−τ）＋θ₁｝ …（１４）
Ｙ₂（ｔ）＝Ｘ₂（ｔ−τ）
＝ｃｏｓ｛ω₂（ｔ−τ）＋θ₂｝ …（１５）
本発明の実施例２でも，発振器１５で周波数シフト用の波（周波数Δｆ，位相Δθ）を発振させておき，それぞれの波Ｙ₁（ｔ），Ｙ₂（ｔ）を周波数位相シフト手段１６及び１９によって周波数と位相を加算する方向にシフトして，次の波を得る。この場合も，説明を簡単にするために，始めは，ｆ₁＞ｆ₂＞Δｆ＞０の場合について述べる。 Y ₁ (t) = X ₁ (t−τ)
= Cos {ω ₁ (t−τ) + θ ₁ } (14)
Y ₂ (t) = X ₂ (t−τ)
= Cos {ω ₂ (t−τ) + θ ₂ } (15)
Also in the second embodiment of the present invention, a wave for frequency shift (frequency Δf, phase Δθ) is oscillated by the oscillator 15, and the waves Y ₁ (t) and Y ₂ (t) are converted into frequency phase shift means 16 and 19 shifts in the direction of adding the frequency and phase to obtain the next wave. Also in this case, in order to simplify the description, a case where f ₁ > f ₂ >Δf> 0 will be described first.

Ｚ₁（ｔ）＝ｃｏｓ｛ω₁（ｔ−τ）＋θ₁＋（Δωｔ＋Δθ）｝ …（１６）
Ｚ₂（ｔ）＝ｃｏｓ｛ω₂（ｔ−τ）＋θ₂＋（Δωｔ＋Δθ）｝ …（１７）
周波数と位相のシフトした波Ｚ₁（ｔ）とＺ₂（ｔ）は，アンテナ２３とアンテナ２５から送信される。 Z ₁ (t) = cos {ω ₁ (t−τ) + θ ₁ + (Δωt + Δθ)} (16)
Z ₂ (t) = cos {ω ₂ (t−τ) + θ ₂ + (Δωt + Δθ)} (17)
Waves Z ₁ (t) and Z ₂ (t) shifted in frequency and phase are transmitted from antenna 23 and antenna 25.

無線局１においては，それぞれの波Ｚ₁（ｔ）とＺ₂（ｔ）が伝搬時間τ遅延して受信される。帯域通過フィルタ２８と帯域通過フィルタ３１の出力は，
Ｒ₁（ｔ）＝Ｚ₁（ｔ−τ）
＝ｃｏｓ｛ω₁（ｔ−２τ）＋θ₁＋Δω（ｔ−τ）＋Δθ｝…（１８）
Ｒ₂（ｔ）＝Ｚ₂（ｔ−τ）
＝ｃｏｓ｛ω₂（ｔ−２τ）＋θ₂＋Δω（ｔ−τ）＋Δθ｝…（１９）
が得られる。 In the radio station 1, the waves Z ₁ (t) and Z ₂ (t) are received with a propagation time τ delay. The outputs of the bandpass filter 28 and the bandpass filter 31 are
R ₁ (t) = Z ₁ (t−τ)
= Cos {ω ₁ (t−2τ) + θ ₁ + Δω (t−τ) + Δθ} (18)
R ₂ (t) = Z ₂ (t−τ)
= Cos {ω ₂ (t−2τ) + θ ₂ + Δω (t−τ) + Δθ} (19)
Is obtained.

無線局１では，Ｘ₁（ｔ），Ｘ₂（ｔ），Ｒ₁（ｔ），Ｒ₂（ｔ）の４つの波をマルチ周波数位相シフト手段４１へ入力し，その結果を使って，無線局１と無線局２の伝搬時間を求める。 In the radio station 1, four waves X ₁ (t), X ₂ (t), R ₁ (t), and R ₂ (t) are input to the multi-frequency phase shift means 41, and the result is used for radio transmission. The propagation time of the station 1 and the radio station 2 is obtained.

実施例２の場合，マルチ周波数位相シフト手段４１は，２つの周波数位相シフト手段４２及び４３からなる。周波数位相シフト手段４２は，ミキサー４４と低域通過フィルタ４５からなり，受信した波Ｒ₁（ｔ）と自局で発振したＸ₁（ｔ）を入力して，周波数と位相について，減算する方向にシフトする。その結果，周波数位相シフト手段４２の出力は，
Ｓ₁（ｔ）＝ｃｏｓ｛Δω（ｔ−τ）−２ω₁τ＋Δθ｝ …（２０）
となる。周波数位相シフト手段４３は，ミキサー４６と低域通過フィルタ４７からなり，受信した波Ｒ₂（ｔ）と自局で発振したＸ₂（ｔ）を入力して，周波数と位相について，減算する方向にシフトして，次の波を得る。 In the case of the second embodiment, the multi-frequency phase shift unit 41 includes two frequency phase shift units 42 and 43. The frequency phase shift means 42 comprises a mixer 44 and a low-pass filter 45, and receives the received wave R ₁ (t) and X ₁ (t) oscillated at its own station, and subtracts the frequency and phase. Shift to. As a result, the output of the frequency phase shift means 42 is
S ₁ (t) = cos {Δω (t−τ) −2ω ₁ τ + Δθ} (20)
It becomes. The frequency phase shift means 43 comprises a mixer 46 and a low-pass filter 47, and receives the received wave R ₂ (t) and X ₂ (t) oscillated at its own station, and subtracts the frequency and phase. To get the next wave.

Ｓ₂（ｔ）＝ｃｏｓ｛Δω（ｔ−τ）−２ω₂τ＋Δθ｝ …（２１）
（２０）式と（２１）式とを比べると，周波数は同じで，位相差だけが２（ω₁−ω₂）τの値異なる。 S ₂ (t) = cos {Δω (t−τ) −2ω ₂ τ + Δθ} (21)
Comparing equation (20) and equation (21), the frequency is the same and only the phase difference is different by 2 (ω ₁ −ω ₂ ) τ.

そこで，時間測定器３９では，（２０）式で表されるＳ₁（ｔ）と，（２１）式で表されるＳ₂（ｔ）との位相差を求めて，
［測定した位相差］／｛２（ω₁−ω₂）｝
なる値を求めれば，伝搬時間τが得られる。この場合も，測定可能な最大伝搬時間τ［ＭＡＸ］は，次の関係により得られる。 Therefore, the time measuring device 39 obtains the phase difference between S ₁ (t) expressed by the equation (20) and S ₂ (t) expressed by the equation (21),
[Measured phase difference] / {2 (ω ₁ −ω ₂ )}
Is obtained, the propagation time τ can be obtained. Also in this case, the maximum measurable propagation time τ [MAX] is obtained by the following relationship.

τ［ＭＡＸ］＝π／（ω₁−ω₂）
＝１／｛２（ｆ₁−ｆ₂）｝ …（２２）
図３の本発明の実施例２では，周波数位相シフト手段１６，１９，４２，４３の周波数と位相に関してシフトする極性は，周波数位相シフト手段１６，１９は加算する方向，周波数位相シフト手段４２，４３は減算する方向にシフトしたが，必ずしもその必要はなく，それぞれの周波数位相シフト手段の極性について，複数の組み合わせが可能である。 τ [MAX] = π / (ω ₁ −ω ₂ )
= 1 / {2 (f ₁ −f ₂ )} (22)
In the second embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 3, the frequency phase shift means 16, 19, 42, 43 shift in polarity with respect to the frequency and phase. Although 43 is shifted in the subtracting direction, it is not always necessary, and a plurality of combinations are possible for the polarity of each frequency phase shift means.

ｆ₁＞ｆ₂＞Δｆ＞０の場合について，測定可能な最大伝搬時間τ［ＭＡＸ］とそれぞれの周波数位相シフト手段の極性の関係例を表４に示す。 Table 4 shows an example of the relationship between the maximum measurable propagation time τ [MAX] and the polarity of each frequency phase shift means for the case of f ₁ > f ₂ >Δf> 0.

ｆ₁＞Δｆ＞ｆ₂＞０の場合について，測定可能な最大伝搬時間τ［ＭＡＸ］とそれぞれの周波数位相シフト手段の極性の関係例を表５に示す。

Table 5 shows an example of the relationship between the maximum measurable propagation time τ [MAX] and the polarity of each frequency phase shift means when f ₁ >Δf> f ₂ > 0.

Δｆ＞ｆ₁＞ｆ₂＞０の場合について，測定可能な最大伝搬時間τ［ＭＡＸ］とそれぞれの周波数位相シフト手段の極性の関係例を表６に示す。

Table 6 shows an example of the relationship between the maximum measurable propagation time τ [MAX] and the polarity of each frequency phase shift means when Δf> f ₁ > f ₂ > 0.

図４は，本発明の実施例３を示す図である。実施例２と実施例３との差異は，実施例３では，実施例２における図３のマルチ周波数位相シフト手段４１の代わりに，図４のマルチ周波数位相シフト手段４８において，第２の波と第３の波をミキシングして得た波と，第１の波と第４の波をミキシングして得た波を比べて伝搬時間を測定している点であり，それ以外は，同じ構成になっている。この場合も，始めは，ｆ₁＞ｆ₂＞Δｆ＞０の場合について述べる。 FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a third embodiment of the present invention. The difference between the second embodiment and the third embodiment is that in the third embodiment, instead of the multi-frequency phase shift means 41 in FIG. 3 in the second embodiment, the multi-frequency phase shift means 48 in FIG. The propagation time is measured by comparing the wave obtained by mixing the third wave with the wave obtained by mixing the first wave and the fourth wave. Otherwise, the configuration is the same. It has become. Also in this case, the case of f ₁ > f ₂ >Δf> 0 will be described first.

図４の無線局１においては，図２，図３の場合と同様に，帯域通過フィルタ２８と帯域通過フィルタ３１の出力は，
Ｒ₁（ｔ）＝Ｚ₁（ｔ−τ）
＝ｃｏｓ｛ω₁（ｔ−２τ）＋θ₁＋Δω（ｔ−τ）＋Δθ｝…（２３）
Ｒ₂（ｔ）＝Ｚ₂（ｔ−τ）
＝ｃｏｓ｛ω₂（ｔ−２τ）＋θ₂＋Δω（ｔ−τ）＋Δθ｝…（２４）
が得られる。 In the radio station 1 of FIG. 4, as in the case of FIGS. 2 and 3, the outputs of the band pass filter 28 and the band pass filter 31 are
R ₁ (t) = Z ₁ (t−τ)
= Cos {ω ₁ (t−2τ) + θ ₁ + Δω (t−τ) + Δθ} (23)
R ₂ (t) = Z ₂ (t−τ)
= Cos {ω ₂ (t−2τ) + θ ₂ + Δω (t−τ) + Δθ} (24)
Is obtained.

無線局１では，Ｘ₁（ｔ），Ｘ₂（ｔ），Ｒ₁（ｔ），Ｒ₂（ｔ）の４つの波をマルチ周波数位相シフト手段４８へ入力し，その結果を使って，無線局１と無線局２間の伝搬時間を求める。 In the radio station 1, four waves X ₁ (t), X ₂ (t), R ₁ (t), and R ₂ (t) are input to the multi-frequency phase shift means 48, and the result is used to The propagation time between the station 1 and the radio station 2 is obtained.

図４の場合，周波数位相シフト手段４９は，ミキサー５１と高域通過フィルタ５２からなり，受信した波Ｒ₁（ｔ）と自局で発振したＸ₂（ｔ）を入力して，周波数と位相について，加算する方向にシフトする。その結果，周波数位相シフト手段４９の出力は，
Ｓ₁（ｔ）＝ｃｏｓ｛（ω₁＋ω₂）ｔ＋（θ₁＋θ₂）＋Δω（ｔ−τ）
＋Δθ−２ω₁τ｝ …（２５）
となる。周波数位相シフト手段５０は，ミキサー５３と高域通過フィルタ５４からなり，受信した波Ｒ₂（ｔ）と自局で発振したＸ₁（ｔ）を入力して，周波数と位相について，加算する方向にシフトして，次の波を得る。 In the case of FIG. 4, the frequency phase shift means 49 comprises a mixer 51 and a high-pass filter 52, and receives the received wave R ₁ (t) and X ₂ (t) oscillated at its own station, and the frequency and phase. Shift in the direction of addition. As a result, the output of the frequency phase shift means 49 is
S ₁ (t) = cos {(ω ₁ + ω ₂ ) t + (θ ₁ + θ ₂ ) + Δω (t−τ)
+ Δθ-2ω ₁ τ} (25)
It becomes. The frequency phase shift means 50 comprises a mixer 53 and a high-pass filter 54, and inputs the received wave R ₂ (t) and X ₁ (t) oscillated at its own station, and adds the frequency and phase. To get the next wave.

Ｓ₂（ｔ）＝ｃｏｓ｛（ω₁＋ω₂）ｔ＋（θ₁＋θ₂）＋Δω（ｔ−τ）
＋Δθ−２ω₂τ｝ …（２６）
（２５）式と（２６）式とを比べると，周波数は同じで，位相差だけが２（ω₁−ω₂）τの値異なる。そこで，時間測定器３９では，（２５）式で表されるＳ₁（ｔ）と，（２６）式で表されるＳ₂（ｔ）の位相差を求めて，
［測定した位相差］／｛２（ω₁−ω₂）｝
なる値を求めれば，伝搬時間τが得られる。この場合も，測定可能な最大伝搬時間τ［ＭＡＸ］は，次の関係により得られる。 S ₂ (t) = cos {(ω ₁ + ω ₂ ) t + (θ ₁ + θ ₂ ) + Δω (t−τ)
+ Δθ-2ω ₂ τ} (26)
Comparing equation (25) and equation (26), the frequency is the same and only the phase difference is different from 2 (ω ₁ −ω ₂ ) τ. Therefore, the time measuring device 39 obtains the phase difference between S ₁ (t) expressed by the equation (25) and S ₂ (t) expressed by the equation (26),
[Measured phase difference] / {2 (ω ₁ −ω ₂ )}
Is obtained, the propagation time τ can be obtained. Also in this case, the maximum measurable propagation time τ [MAX] is obtained by the following relationship.

τ［ＭＡＸ］＝π／（ω１−ω２）
＝１／｛２（ｆ１−ｆ２）｝ …（２７）
図４の本発明の実施例３では，周波数位相シフト手段１６，１９，４９，５０の周波数と位相に関してシフトする極性は，周波数位相シフト手段１６，１９は加算する方向，周波数位相シフト手段４９，５０も加算する方向にシフトしたが，必ずしもその必要はなく，それぞれの周波数位相シフト手段の極性について，複数の組み合わせが可能である。 τ [MAX] = π / (ω1-ω2)
= 1 / {2 (f1-f2)} (27)
In the third embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 4, the frequency and phase of the frequency phase shift means 16, 19, 49, 50 are shifted with respect to the polarity, the frequency phase shift means 16, 19 are added, the frequency phase shift means 49, Although 50 is also shifted in the adding direction, it is not always necessary, and a plurality of combinations are possible for the polarity of each frequency phase shift means.

ｆ₁＞ｆ₂＞Δｆ＞０の場合について，測定可能な最大伝搬時間τ［ＭＡＸ］とそれぞれの周波数位相シフト手段の極性の関係例を表７に示す。 Table 7 shows an example of the relationship between the maximum measurable propagation time τ [MAX] and the polarity of each frequency phase shift means for the case of f ₁ > f ₂ >Δf> 0.

ｆ₁＞Δｆ＞ｆ₂＞０の場合について，測定可能な最大伝搬時間τ［ＭＡＸ］とそれぞれの周波数位相シフト手段の極性の関係例を表８に示す。

Table 8 shows an example of the relationship between the maximum measurable propagation time τ [MAX] and the polarity of each frequency phase shift means for the case of f ₁ >Δf> f ₂ > 0.

Δｆ＞ｆ₁＞ｆ₂＞０の場合について，測定可能な最大伝搬時間τ［ＭＡＸ］とそれぞれの周波数位相シフト手段の極性の関係例を表９に示す。

Table 9 shows an example of the relationship between the maximum measurable propagation time τ [MAX] and the polarity of each frequency phase shift means when Δf> f ₁ > f ₂ > 0.

図５は，本発明の実施例４を示す図である。この実施例では，第１の実施例における図２の第１の送信機と第２の送信機に相当する増幅器５，アンテナ６と，増幅器７，アンテナ８とを，図５の加算器５５，及び増幅器５６とアンテナ５７からなる第１の共通送信手段で構成して，図２の第１の受信機と第２の受信機に相当するアンテナ９，受信増幅器１０，帯域通過フィルタ１１とアンテナ１２，受信増幅器１３，帯域通過フィルタ１４を，アンテナ５８，受信増幅器５９，帯域通過フィルタ１１，１４からなる第１の共通受信手段で構成している。 FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a fourth embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, the amplifier 5, the antenna 6, the amplifier 7, and the antenna 8 corresponding to the first transmitter and the second transmitter of FIG. 2 in the first embodiment are connected to the adder 55, FIG. And an antenna 9 corresponding to the first receiver and the second receiver in FIG. 2, a receiving amplifier 10, a band-pass filter 11 and an antenna 12. The reception amplifier 13 and the band pass filter 14 are constituted by a first common receiving means including an antenna 58, a reception amplifier 59, and band pass filters 11 and 14.

さらに，図２の第３の送信機と第４の送信機に相当する増幅器２２，アンテナ２３と，増幅器２４，アンテナ２５とを，図５の加算器６０，及び増幅器６１とアンテナ６２からなる第２の共通送信手段で構成しており，図２の第３の受信機と第４の受信機に相当するアンテナ２６，受信増幅器２７，帯域通過フィルタ２８とアンテナ２９，受信増幅器３０，帯域通過フィルタ３１を，図５のアンテナ６３，受信増幅器６４，帯域通過フィルタ２８，３１からなる第２の共通受信手段で構成している。 Further, an amplifier 22, an antenna 23, an amplifier 24, and an antenna 25 corresponding to the third transmitter and the fourth transmitter in FIG. 2 are added to an adder 60, an amplifier 61, and an antenna 62 in FIG. The antenna 26, the reception amplifier 27, the band-pass filter 28 and the antenna 29, the reception amplifier 30, and the band-pass filter corresponding to the third receiver and the fourth receiver in FIG. 31 is constituted by the second common receiving means comprising the antenna 63, the receiving amplifier 64, and the band pass filters 28 and 31 of FIG.

実施例４では，加算器５５で，周波数ｆ₁の第１の波と周波数ｆ₂（ｆ₂≠ｆ₁）の第２の波とを加算して周波数ｆ₁₂の波とし，上記第１の共通送信手段から無線局２の第１の共通受信手段に送信する。また，周波数位相シフト手段１６，周波数位相シフト手段１９からそれぞれ出力された波を，加算器６０で加算して周波数ｆ₃₄の波とした上で，上記第２の共通送信手段から無線局１の第２の共通受信手段に送信する。 In Example 4, the adder 55, and a wave of frequency f ₁₂ by adding the second wave of the first wave and the frequency f ₂ of the frequency f ₁ (f ₂ ≠ f _1), said first Transmission is performed from the common transmission unit to the first common reception unit of the radio station 2. The waves output from the frequency phase shift means 16 and the frequency phase shift means 19 are added by an adder 60 to form a wave of frequency f ₃₄ , and then the second common transmission means to the radio station 1. Transmit to the second common receiving means.

本発明の実施例１〜実施例３は，周波数ｆ₁とｆ₂が非常に離れている場合にそれぞれ，周波数毎に専用の増幅器を用いた例であるが，実施例４では，お互いの周波数ｆ₁とｆ₂が近いときには，増幅器を共通に使用可能であり，経済的である。 The _first to third embodiments of the present invention are examples in which a dedicated amplifier is used for each frequency when the frequencies f ₁ and f ₂ are very far apart. When f ₁ and f ₂ are close, the amplifier can be used in common, which is economical.

また，増幅器を共通化した場合，増幅器による遅延時間のバラツキが，別々に構成される場合に比べて，軽減されるメリットがある。 In addition, when amplifiers are shared, there is an advantage that variations in delay time due to amplifiers are reduced compared to a case where they are configured separately.

本発明の概要を説明する図である。It is a figure explaining the outline | summary of this invention. 本発明の実施例１を示す図である。It is a figure which shows Example 1 of this invention. 本発明の実施例２を示す図である。It is a figure which shows Example 2 of this invention. 本発明の実施例３を示す図である。It is a figure which shows Example 3 of this invention. 本発明の実施例４を示す図である。It is a figure which shows Example 4 of this invention.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

１，２無線局
３，４，１５発振器
５，７，２２，２４，５６，５９，６１，６４増幅器
６，８，９，１２，２３，２５，２６，２９，５７，５８，６２，６３アンテナ
１０，１３，２７，３０受信増幅器
１１，１４，２８，３１帯域通過フィルター
１６，１９，３３，３４，４２，４３，４９，５０，１０５，２０２周波数位相シフト手段
１７，２０，３５，３７，４４，４６，５１，５３ミキサー
１８，２１，５２，５４高域通過フィルター
３２，４１，４８マルチ周波数位相シフト手段
３６，３８，４５，４７低域通過フィルター
３９時間測定器
４０表示器
５５，６０加算器
１０１第１の発振手段
１０２第２の発振手段
１０３，２０３送信手段
１０４，２０１受信手段
１０６測定手段 1, 2 Radio station 3, 4, 15 Oscillator 5, 7, 22, 24, 56, 59, 61, 64 Amplifier 6, 8, 9, 12, 23, 25, 26, 29, 57, 58, 62, 63 Antenna 10, 13, 27, 30 Receiving amplifier 11, 14, 28, 31 Band pass filter 16, 19, 33, 34, 42, 43, 49, 50, 105, 202 Frequency phase shift means 17, 20, 35, 37 , 44, 46, 51, 53 Mixer 18, 21, 52, 54 High-pass filter 32, 41, 48 Multi-frequency phase shift means 36, 38, 45, 47 Low-pass filter 39 Time measuring device 40 Indicator 55, 60 adder 101 first oscillating means 102 second oscillating means 103, 203 transmitting means 104, 201 receiving means 106 measuring means

Claims

第１の無線局と第２の無線局間の電波の伝搬時間を測定する距離測定方法であって，
前記第１の無線局から周波数の異なる第１の波および第２の波を電波として送信し，
前記第２の無線局では，前記第１の無線局から送信された第１の波および第２の波を受信し，所定の周波数と位相をシフトするための波を使って前記第１の波および第２の波の周波数と位相をそれぞれシフトすることにより第３の波および第４の波を生成し，その第３の波および第４の波を電波として送信し，
前記第１の無線局では，前記第２の無線局から送信された第３の波および第４の波を受信し，前記第１の波と第２の波と第３の波と第４の波の，相異なる２組の２つの波を用いて，それぞれ周波数および位相をシフトすることにより，周波数が同じで位相が異なる第５の波と第６の波を生成し，前記第５の波と第６の波の位相差に基づいて，前記第１の無線局と第２の無線局間の電波の伝搬時間を測定する
ことを特徴とする距離測定方法。 A distance measurement method for measuring a propagation time of a radio wave between a first radio station and a second radio station,
Transmitting a first wave and a second wave having different frequencies from the first radio station as radio waves;
The second radio station receives the first wave and the second wave transmitted from the first radio station, and uses the first wave and a wave for shifting the phase to shift the first wave. And generating a third wave and a fourth wave by shifting the frequency and phase of the second wave, respectively, and transmitting the third wave and the fourth wave as radio waves,
The first radio station receives the third wave and the fourth wave transmitted from the second radio station, and receives the first wave, the second wave, the third wave, and the fourth wave. Using two different sets of two waves, the frequency and phase are shifted to generate fifth and sixth waves having the same frequency but different phases, and the fifth wave A distance measurement method, comprising: measuring a radio wave propagation time between the first radio station and the second radio station based on a phase difference between the first radio station and the sixth wave.

第１の無線局と第２の無線局間の電波の伝搬時間を測定する距離測定方式であって，
前記第１の無線局は，
周波数の異なる第１の波および第２の波を電波として送信する送信手段と，
前記第２の無線局から送信された第３の波および第４の波を受信する受信手段と，
前記第１の波と第２の波と第３の波と第４の波の，相異なる２組の２つの波を用いて，それぞれ周波数および位相をシフトすることにより，周波数が同じで位相が異なる第５の波と第６の波を生成する周波数位相シフト手段と，
前記第５の波と第６の波の位相差に基づいて，前記第１の無線局と第２の無線局間の電波の伝搬時間を測定する伝搬時間測定手段とを備え，
前記第２の無線局は，
前記第１の無線局から送信された第１の波および第２の波を受信する受信手段と，
所定の周波数と位相をシフトするための波を使って前記第１の波および第２の波の周波数と位相をそれぞれシフトすることにより前記第３の波および第４の波を生成する周波数位相シフト手段と，
前記第３の波および第４の波を電波として送信する送信手段とを備える
ことを特徴とする距離測定方式。 A distance measurement method for measuring a propagation time of a radio wave between a first radio station and a second radio station,
The first radio station is:
Transmitting means for transmitting the first wave and the second wave having different frequencies as radio waves;
Receiving means for receiving a third wave and a fourth wave transmitted from the second radio station;
By using two different sets of two waves, the first wave, the second wave, the third wave, and the fourth wave, and shifting the frequency and the phase, respectively, the frequency is the same and the phase is the same. Frequency phase shift means for generating different fifth and sixth waves;
Propagation time measuring means for measuring the propagation time of the radio wave between the first radio station and the second radio station based on the phase difference between the fifth wave and the sixth wave,
The second radio station is
Receiving means for receiving the first wave and the second wave transmitted from the first radio station;
Frequency phase shift for generating the third wave and the fourth wave by shifting the frequency and phase of the first wave and the second wave, respectively, using a wave for shifting the predetermined frequency and phase Means,
Transmitting means for transmitting the third wave and the fourth wave as radio waves.