JP3991893B2 - Green compact electrode for valve seat film formation - Google Patents

Green compact electrode for valve seat film formation Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3991893B2
JP3991893B2 JP2003070125A JP2003070125A JP3991893B2 JP 3991893 B2 JP3991893 B2 JP 3991893B2 JP 2003070125 A JP2003070125 A JP 2003070125A JP 2003070125 A JP2003070125 A JP 2003070125A JP 3991893 B2 JP3991893 B2 JP 3991893B2
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valve seat
green compact
electrode
support member
forming
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JP2004277803A (en
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雅彦 小林
直樹 尾▲崎▼
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Suzuki Motor Co Ltd
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Suzuki Motor Co Ltd
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、バルブシート皮膜形成用圧粉体電極の改良、具体的には、バルブシートリングに代わるバルブシート皮膜を放電エネルギーを利用してシリンダヘッドのバルブシート部に形成するための処理操作を全体として高速化し、量産技術として適用するための改良に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来、シリンダヘッドのバルブシート部にはシリンダヘッドと別の部材から成るバルブシートリングを圧入して取り付け、このバルブシートリングによってバルブ周辺の機密性を確保するのが一般的であったが、この種の従来技術には、バルブシートリングが熱伝導の阻害要因となってバルブに過剰な温度上昇が生じたり、更には、この温度上昇によってエンジンの正常な点火が妨げられたりする欠点があった。
【0003】
そこで、シリンダヘッドと別の部材から成るバルブシートリングの使用を避け、レーザー加工を利用してバルブシート部に肉盛りを施すようにした技術が、特許第2964819号等として既に提案されている。
【0004】
しかし、レーザー加工を利用してバルブシート部に肉盛りを施すためには、大エネルギーのレーザー光を環状のバルブシート部に一巡させてレーザーを照射する必要がある。この結果、レーザー光の照射開始位置(加工開始点)とレーザー光の照射終了位置(加工終了点)とが重複してしまい、この重複部分に照射されるエネルギーがバルブシート部の他の箇所よりも大きくなり、全体としての肉盛りの厚みが一定とならず、圧力盛れ等の問題が発生する可能性があった。
【0005】
更に厳密に言えば、レーザー光の照射開始直後から、バルブシート部の周方向に隣接する各箇所に時系列に沿って連続的にレーザー光が照射されるのであるが、このエネルギーはバルブシート部の周辺に積算的に蓄積されていくので、レーザー光の強度を一定にしたとしても、バルブシート部の各箇所に供給されるエネルギーの量が時系列に沿って徐々に大きくなってしまうといった弊害がある。このようなエネルギー量の変化は連続的であり、従って、バルブシート部の周方向に隣接する各箇所間での温度の相違は僅かとも言えるが、前述した通り、レーザー光を環状のバルブシート部に一巡させて照射する関係上、加工開始時点の温度と加工終了時点の温度の相違は無視できない。
【0006】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
そこで、本出願人らは、前述の不都合を解消すべく、バルブシートリングやレーザー加工を利用した肉盛りに代わるバルブシート部の構成について研究を重ね、放電エネルギーを用いて、バルブシートリングやレーザーを利用した肉盛りに代わるバルブシート皮膜を形成するようにしたバルブシート皮膜形成技術を特願2001−041075として提案した。
【0007】
このバルブシート皮膜形成技術は、簡潔に言えば、バルブシート皮膜形成用圧粉体電極とシリンダヘッドのバルブシート部との間に所定の放電ギャップを維持した状態で両者間に間欠的な絶縁破壊を励起し、この際に生じる放電エネルギーでバルブシート皮膜形成用圧粉体電極の圧粉体成分を溶融し、更に、放電加工槽中の加工液の炭素原子と反応させ、硬質の炭化物を生成してバルブシート部に移着させ積層することによってバルブシート部の表面にバルブシート皮膜を形成するものである。
【0008】
この際に使用したバルブシート皮膜形成用圧粉体電極を図6(a)に示す。このバルブシート皮膜形成用圧粉体電極100は、シリンダヘッド101側に形成されたバルブシート部102の形状に倣った外周形状(テーパ面)を備えた圧粉体電極部103と、放電加工機のサーボヘッドから圧粉体電極部103に通電するための導電性支持部材104とから成る。
【0009】
導電性支持部材104は銅等によって形成された円柱体、また、圧粉体電極部103は中空の環状体であり、圧粉体電極部103の上面を導電性支持部材104の先端面に導電性の接着剤105を用いて接着することにより両者が実質的に一体化されている。
【0010】
このバルブシート皮膜形成用圧粉体電極100は、圧粉体電極部103が中空の環状体とされていることから圧粉体成分の材料を節約できるが、同時に、導電性支持部材104と圧粉体電極部103との間の接着面が僅かとなるため、加工中に圧粉体電極部103が導電性支持部材104の先端面から脱落する等の弊害もあった。この結果、皮膜形成作業を連続的に継続して行うことが困難で、結果として、全体としての処理操作に遅れが生じ、シリンダヘッドの量産化には不都合があった。
【0011】
そこで、本出願人らは、更に、図6(b)に示すようなバルブシート皮膜形成用圧粉体電極106を開発した。
【0012】
このバルブシート皮膜形成用圧粉体電極106は、バルブシート部102の形状に倣った外周形状(テーパ面)を備えた圧粉体電極部103と、放電加工機のサーボヘッドから圧粉体電極部103に通電するための導電性支持部材107とから成る点では図6(a)のものと同様であるが、導電性支持部材107の先端部に縮径部107aを形成し、圧粉体電極部103の上面と導電性支持部材107の先端面、および、圧粉体電極部103の内周面と縮径部107aの外周面との間を導電性の接着剤105で接着するように改良したため、加工中に圧粉体電極部103が導電性支持部材107から脱落する等の問題が解消された。
【0013】
これにより、皮膜形成作業を連続して継続することが可能となったかに見えたが、実際に皮膜形成作業を行ってみると、図6(b)の(イ)に示されるように、圧粉体電極部103とバルブシート部102との間よりも先に、導電性支持部材107の縮径部107aの先端外周部とバルブシート部102との間で絶縁破壊が生じてしまうことがあり、圧粉体成分による皮膜形成が阻害される場合があることが判明した。
【0014】
また、一定以上の作業の継続によって圧粉体電極部103が消耗してくると、図6(b)の(ロ)に示されるように、導電性支持部材107の縮径部107aの先端外周部とバルブシート部102またはポート108との間で頻繁に放電が生じるといった重大な弊害が生じてしまう。
【0015】
このため、圧粉体電極部103の脱落は解消されても、同じバルブシート皮膜形成用圧粉体電極106を連続して使用することができない。つまり、圧粉体電極部103の部分を頻繁に交換しなければならず、導電性支持部材107に対する接着剤105の塗布、導電性支持部材107に対する圧粉体電極部103の接着、接着剤105の加熱硬化処理等の段取り作業が煩雑となり、全体としての処理操作に遅れが生じ、シリンダヘッドの量産化には不向きとなる欠点がある。
【0016】
また、本出願人らは、この他にも、この種の皮膜形成技術を適用したシリンダヘッドの量産化を困難とする原因として、以下の2点に想到した。
【0017】
まず、その1つは、放電加工機のサーボヘッドに対するバルブシート皮膜形成用圧粉体電極の取付構造にある。
【0018】
この種の皮膜形成技術は通常の型彫り放電加工機を流用して行われるが、型彫り放電加工機の電極取付構造は、サーボヘッドに着脱自在に装着される電極ホルダによって構成され、銅等の非磁性体から形成された電極が電極ホルダを介してサーボヘッドに装着されるようになっている。電極ホルダに対する電極の取り付けは、一般に、電極ホルダに設けられた略L字型の電極受けと2本の固定用ボルトによって実現されるが、電極ホルダに電極を取り付ける作業それ自体が煩雑であり、この段取りの悪さが全体としての処理操作の遅れを増長している。
【0019】
また、皮膜形成技術を適用したシリンダヘッドの量産化が困難とされるもう1つの原因は、放電エネルギーによってバルブシート皮膜形成用圧粉体電極の圧粉体成分を溶融し、放電加工槽中の加工液の炭素原子と反応させて硬質の炭化物を生成し、バルブシート部に移着させて積層するという皮膜形成のプロセスそれ自体にある。
【0020】
つまり、皮膜形成に用いる加工用のパルス電源は、放電加工機のパルス電源をそのまま流用することが可能であり、加工電圧や加工電流およびパルス幅やデューティ比等に関しては自由に設定することが可能であるが、例えば、皮膜形成速度を速くするためにパルス幅を長めに設定すると皮膜の面粗度が粗くなる等の問題が生じ、皮膜形成速度と精度の両立を図ることは非常に難しい。つまり、面粗度を向上させるためには加工速度が遅くなり、当然、全体としての処理操作が遅れてしまう。
【0021】
除去加工の一種である通常の放電加工においては、荒取り用の電源条件と仕上げ用の電源条件とをNC装置によって個別に設定し、加工の初期段階で大電力の除去加工を行い、最終的に残された取り代を仕上げ用の電源条件で綺麗に仕上げるといったことも可能であるが、放電エネルギーを利用して皮膜を形成する場合においては、初期の段階で皮膜面に荒れや凹凸が生じてしまうと、これらの荒れや凹凸が最後までウネリあるいは形状誤差として残ってしまうため、初期段階に粗い加工を行って加工所要時間を短縮するといったことはできない。つまり、放電加工の技術をそのまま適用しても皮膜形成速度と精度の両立を図ることはできない。
【0022】
【発明の目的】
そこで、本発明の目的は、前記従来技術の問題点を改善し、放電エネルギーを利用してバルブシート皮膜をシリンダヘッドのバルブシート部に形成するための処理操作を全体として高速化し、量産技術として適用することのできるバルブシート皮膜形成用圧粉体電極を提供することにある。
【0023】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明のバルブシート皮膜形成用圧粉体電極は、シリンダヘッドのバルブシートリングに代わるバルブシート皮膜を放電エネルギーを利用してシリンダヘッドのバルブシート部に形成する際に使用されるバルブシート皮膜形成用圧粉体電極であり、前記目的を達成するため、特に、
バルブシート部の形状に倣った外周形状を備え且つ中央部に孔を備えた圧粉体電極部と、放電加工機のサーボヘッドから圧粉体電極部に通電するための導電性支持部材とを有し、
圧粉体電極部が、導電性支持部材と実質的に一体化されて導電性支持部材の先端から突出した非導電性支持部材に前記孔を嵌合させて、導電性支持部材の先端面および非導電性支持部材の外周面に固着されていることを特徴とした構成を有する。
【0024】
圧粉体電極部が導電性支持部材の先端面、および、実質的に導電性支持部材と一体化された非導電性支持部材の外周面に固着されて支えられるため、導電性支持部材に対する圧粉体電極部の取り付け強度が増し、加工中に圧粉体電極部が導電性支持部材から脱落する等の問題が解消される。
また、圧粉体電極部の中央部の孔に嵌合される非導電性支持部材は電気を通さない絶縁体であるため、仮に、圧粉体電極部が消耗して非導電性支持部材の先端が露出したような場合であっても、不適当な箇所で絶縁が破壊されて放電が生じることはなく、適正な皮膜形成プロセスを維持することができる。
これにより、従来のように頻繁に圧粉体電極部あるいはバルブシート皮膜形成用圧粉体電極自体を交換する必要がなくなり、全体としての処理操作が高速化され、シリンダヘッドの量産化が可能となった。
【0025】
具体的には、前述の非導電性支持部材は、導電性支持部材の中心部に形成された孔に固着されて導電性支持部材の先端から突出するセラミックス部材によって構成することが可能である。
【0026】
セラミックス部材は加工液となる油等に対して十分な耐久性があるため、加工プロセス中に損傷を生じる心配がない。
【0027】
また、この非導電性支持部材は、導電性支持部材の先端の縮径部と該縮径部を覆う非導電性皮膜とによって形成するようにしてもよい。
【0028】
導電性支持部材の先端を旋盤等で縮径して非導電性皮膜をコーティングするだけの簡単な作業で非導電性支持部材を形成することができるため、バルブシート皮膜形成用圧粉体電極の製作に必要とされる材料費や製造コストを低減化できるメリットがある。
【0029】
また、本発明のバルブシート皮膜形成用圧粉体電極は、前記と同様の目的を達成するため、
バルブシート部の形状に倣った外周形状を備えた圧粉体電極部と、放電加工機のサーボヘッドに設けられた電磁チャックに圧粉体電極部を装着して通電するための導電性支持部材とから成り、
この導電性支持部材が、圧粉体電極部の成形工程において、圧粉体電極部を形成する圧粉体に積層して圧粉体成形金型に投入された磁性粉末により、圧粉体電極部と一体に形成されていることを特徴とした構成を有する。
【0030】
圧粉体電極部と一体に形成された磁性粉末から成る導電性支持部材を介してバルブシート皮膜形成用圧粉体電極をサーボヘッドの電磁チャックに直に装着することが可能となるため、電極ホルダを用いた複雑な電極の脱着作業が省略され、バルブシート皮膜形成用圧粉体電極の交換に関連する段取り作業の所要時間が短縮される。
この結果、従来と同等の頻度でバルブシート皮膜形成用圧粉体電極を交換する場合であっても、皮膜形成に用いられる放電加工機の稼動休止時間が相対的に短くなり、全体としての処理操作が高速化され、シリンダヘッドの量産化が可能となった。
また、導電性支持部材は圧粉体電極部と同時に圧粉体成形金型で成形されるため、バルブシート皮膜形成用圧粉体電極の製造コストが軽減化されるメリットがある。
【0035】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、図面を参照して本発明の実施形態の幾つかについて詳細に説明する。図1(a)は、本発明を適用した一実施形態のバルブシート皮膜形成用圧粉体電極1の構造について示した断面図である。
【0036】
このバルブシート皮膜形成用圧粉体電極1は、シリンダヘッド101側に形成されたバルブシート部102の形状に倣った外周形状(テーパ面)を備えた圧粉体電極部2と、放電加工機のサーボヘッドから圧粉体電極部2に通電するための導電性支持部材3、および、導電性支持部材3と実質的に一体化されて導電性支持部材3の先端から突出した非導電性支持部材4とによって構成される。
【0037】
非導電性支持部材4は、電気的な絶縁機能を備えたセラミックス製であり、銅製の導電性支持部材3の中心部に形成された孔3aに固着されて、導電性支持部材3と実質的に一体化している。
【0038】
また、圧粉体電極部2の中央部には孔5が形成され、圧粉体電極部2は、非導電性支持部材4の先端に孔5を嵌合させた状態で、導電性の接着剤105により、導電性支持部材3の先端面3bおよび非導電性支持部材4の外周面4aに固着されている。
【0039】
このようにして、圧粉体電極部2が導電性支持部材3の先端面3b、および、導電性支持部材3と一体化された非導電性支持部材4の外周面4aに固着されて支えられるため、導電性支持部材4に対する圧粉体電極部2の取り付け強度が増し、また、圧粉体電極部2の部分的な欠け落ち等も未然に防止され、バルブシート皮膜の形成中に圧粉体電極部2が導電性支持部材4から脱落するといった問題が解消される。
【0040】
また、圧粉体電極部2の中央部の孔5に嵌合された非導電性支持部材4は電気を通さない絶縁体であるため、図6(b)の(イ)に示されるような従来例とは違って、皮膜形成時に非導電性支持部材4の先端外周部とバルブシート部102との間で絶縁破壊が生じてしまうようなことは一切なく、仮に、圧粉体電極部2が消耗して非導電性支持部材4の先端が露出した状態でギャップ一定のサーボ送りが進められて非導電性支持部材4の先端がポート108内に突入したような場合であっても、図6(b)の(ロ)に示される従来例とは違って、非導電性支持部材4とバルブシート部102またはポート108との間で異常放電が生ずる心配がない。
【0041】
従って、バルブシート皮膜形成用圧粉体電極1を頻繁に交換しなくても異常な放電を防止して圧粉体電極部2の圧粉体成分による皮膜形成のプロセスを安定的に継続することができ、全体としての処理操作が高速化され、シリンダヘッドの量産化が可能となる。
【0042】
図1(b)は、本発明を適用した他の変形例のバルブシート皮膜形成用圧粉体電極6の構造について示した断面図である。
【0043】
このバルブシート皮膜形成用圧粉体電極6は、シリンダヘッド101側に形成されたバルブシート部102の形状に倣った外周形状(テーパ面)を備えた圧粉体電極部7と、放電加工機のサーボヘッドから圧粉体電極部7に通電するための銅等から成る導電性支持部材8、および、導電性支持部材8の先端外周を旋盤加工等で切削して形成された縮径部9とから構成されている。
【0044】
そして、縮径部9の外周部および先端面にはポリマーコーティング等による非導電性皮膜10が形成され、この縮径部9が、外部に対して電気的に絶縁される。縮径部9と非導電性皮膜10とを合わせたものが本変形例における非導電性支持部材11である。
【0045】
図1(a)に示した実施形態と同様、粉体電極部7は、非導電性支持部材11に孔12を嵌合させた状態で導電性の接着剤105によって導電性支持部材8の先端面8bおよび非導電性支持部材11の外周面11aに固着されている。
【0046】
図1(a)に示した実施形態との相違は、導電性支持部材8の一部を利用して非導電性支持部材11を形成している点にあり、導電性支持部材8の先端外周を旋削して非導電性皮膜10をコーティングするだけの簡単な作業で非導電性支持部材11を形成することができるため、バルブシート皮膜形成用圧粉体電極6の製作に必要とされる材料費や製造コストを低減化できるメリットがある。
【0047】
その他の作用および効果の点に関しては図1(a)に示したバルブシート皮膜形成用圧粉体電極1と同様であるので説明を省略する。
【0048】
以上の実施形態では、バルブシート皮膜形成用圧粉体電極の実質的な耐用時間を延長して電極の交換回数を削減することで全体としての処理操作を高速化してシリンダヘッドの量産化を図った例について述べた。
【0049】
次に、バルブシート皮膜形成用圧粉体電極の交換に要する段取り作業の所要時間を短縮することで全体としての処理操作を高速化してシリンダヘッドの量産化を図った場合の一実施形態について説明する。
【0050】
図2(a)は本実施形態のバルブシート皮膜形成用圧粉体電極13の構造について示した側面図、また、図2(b)は、バルブシート皮膜形成用圧粉体電極13の製造工程について簡略化して示した模式図である。
【0051】
この実施形態のバルブシート皮膜形成用圧粉体電極13は、シリンダヘッド101側に形成されたバルブシート部102の形状に倣った外周形状(テーパ面)を備えた圧粉体電極部14と、放電加工機のサーボヘッドに設けられた電磁チャックに圧粉体電極部14を装着して通電するための導電性支持部材15とによって完全に一体に形成されている。
【0052】
バルブシート皮膜形成用圧粉体電極13の製造工程は図2(b)に示す通りのもので、まず、バルブシート皮膜形成用圧粉体電極13を成形するための圧粉体成形金型16を予め準備しておき、この圧粉体成形金型16に圧粉体電極部14を形成するための圧粉体14’を投入し、更に、この圧粉体14’に積層するようにして導電性支持部材15を形成するための磁性粉末15’を投入した後、圧粉体成形金型16にピストン状の押圧部材17を内嵌して強力にプレスする。
【0053】
この1つの成形工程により圧粉体14’と磁性粉末15’とが一体化して固化され、圧粉体電極部14と導電性支持部材15とから成る一体のバルブシート皮膜形成用圧粉体電極13が形成される。このバルブシート皮膜形成用圧粉体電極13を圧粉体成形金型16から取り出せば、成形工程の作業は完了である。
【0054】
この実施形態では、圧粉体電極部14を形成するための圧粉体14’として表1に示される金属粉末の混合体を、また、磁性粉末15’としては通常の鉄粉を使用した。
【0055】
【表1】

Figure 0003991893
【0056】
図3はバルブシート皮膜形成用圧粉体電極13を用いてバルブシート皮膜を形成する際に使用される型彫り放電加工機の主要部の構造を簡略化して示した模式図である。
【0057】
サーボヘッド18は、放電加工機のコラム部分に固設されており、図示しないNC装置により設定された加工電圧や加工電流およびパルス幅やデューティ比等の加工条件に基いて加工用のパルス電源19から電力を供給され、電極ホルダ20および電磁チャック21を介してバルブシート皮膜形成用圧粉体電極13に通電する。
【0058】
電磁チャック21自体は従来の放電加工用電極のようにして電極ホルダ20に対し固定用ボルト等によって着脱可能に固定されているが、本実施形態のバルブシート皮膜形成用圧粉体電極13は鉄粉を固化して形成した導電性支持部材15を備えているため、電極ホルダ20に電磁チャック21を装着したまま電磁チャック21の磁化状態をON/OFFするだけの簡単な操作で電磁チャック21に対するバルブシート皮膜形成用圧粉体電極13の着脱作業を行うことができ、電極ホルダ20それ自体に対しては何らの操作も要求されない。
【0059】
なお、電極ホルダ20は既に述べたように電極受けや固定用ボルト等によって構成され、様々な形状および大きさの放電加工用電極に対処することが可能な構造となっているので、これらの電極受けや固定用ボルト等を上手く利用すれば、電磁チャック21として改めて格別なものを設計製作する必要はなく、市販品から流用された電磁チャック21をそのまま電極ホルダ20に装着することも可能である。
【0060】
また、加工対象となるシリンダヘッド101は、バルブシート部102を上方に向けてバルブシート皮膜形成用圧粉体電極13の圧粉体電極部14に対向させた状態で図3のようにして放電加工機のテーブル22上に固定され、テーブル22にはサーボヘッド18側と逆の極性でパルス電源19が接続されている。
【0061】
そして、テーブル22を覆う放電加工槽23に満たされた加工液(油)24によってバルブシート皮膜形成用圧粉体電極13とシリンダヘッド101との間が絶縁されている。
【0062】
サーボヘッド18は、図示しないNC装置によって、バルブシート皮膜形成用圧粉体電極13の先端と被加工物となるシリンダヘッド101のバルブシート部102との間の離間距離が一定となるようにして上下方向の送りを掛けられ、放電ギャップを一定の値に保持するようになっている。これは、放電加工の分野でサーボ送りと呼ばれる制御方式であり、実際には、放電電流の値を予め決められた設定値に保持するようにZ軸のサーボモータをフィードバック制御することで両者間の放電ギャップが一定の値に保持されるようになっている。
【0063】
また、バルブシート皮膜形成用圧粉体電極13の交換に際しては、手動制御装置からのジョグ送り指令等によってコラム自体を上方に退避させ、上下方向に十分な作業スペースを確保してバルブシート皮膜形成用圧粉体電極13の交換作業を行うことが可能である。
【0064】
ここで、図4を参照して従来の電極交換作業と本実施形態における電極交換作業との相違について説明する。
【0065】
図6(b)に示されるような従来型のバルブシート皮膜形成用圧粉体電極106を使用した場合、通常、電極の交換作業は、銅製の導電性支持部材107のコストが高いこと等を理由に、圧粉体電極部103のみを取り替えることによって行われる。
【0066】
従って、この電極交換作業で必要とされる工程は図4に示されるように、圧粉体電極部103の成形工程(所要時間t1)と、導電性支持部材107に対する接着剤105の塗布工程(所要時間t2)、および、導電性支持部材107の先端に対する圧粉体電極部103の接着工程(所要時間t3)、ならびに、接着剤105を加熱して実用的な強度を発揮させるための加熱硬化工程(所要時間t4)、更に、接着により一体化された圧粉体電極部103と導電性支持部材107とから成るバルブシート皮膜形成用圧粉体電極106を放電加工機の電極ホルダに装着するための装着工程(所要時間t5)の5工程である。
【0067】
これに対し、本実施形態のバルブシート皮膜形成用圧粉体電極13を使用した場合の電極交換作業で必要とされる工程は、図4に示されるように、圧粉体14’と磁性粉末15’からバルブシート皮膜形成用圧粉体電極13を一体に成形する成形工程と、このバルブシート皮膜形成用圧粉体電極13を放電加工機の電磁チャック21に装着する装着工程の2工程のみである。
【0068】
このうち、本実施形態の成形工程は、前述した通り、単一の圧粉体成形金型16に圧粉体14’および磁性粉末15’を投入して加圧プレスする1つの成形工程で済むため、その所要時間は、従来技術を適用して圧粉体電極部103を成形する場合の成形工程(所要時間t1)と実質的に同一である。
【0069】
また、本実施形態の装着工程は、電極ホルダ20に対して固定用ボルト等を用いてバルブシート皮膜形成用圧粉体電極13を装着する必要はなく、電極ホルダ20に電磁チャック21を取り付けたまま、電磁チャック21側の磁化状態をON/OFFと切り替えてバルブシート皮膜形成用圧粉体電極13の着脱を行うだけで済むから、その装着工程(所要時間t5’)は、従来技術における装着工程(所要時間t5)に比べて遥かに短くて済む。
【0070】
このように、本実施形態によれば、従来と同等の頻度でバルブシート皮膜形成用圧粉体電極13を交換する場合であっても、接着剤の塗布工程(所要時間t2)や接着工程(所要時間t3)および接着後の加熱硬化工程(所要時間t4)を完全に省略することができ、しかも、電磁チャック21にバルブシート皮膜形成用圧粉体電極13を取り付ける装着工程(所要時間t5’)は、電極ホルダ20に対して固定用ボルト等を用いて行われる従来の電極装着工程(所要時間t5)に比べて遥かに迅速に行うことができる。従って、電極交換の全体的な所要時間、言い換えれば、放電加工機の稼動休止時間を従来のものに比べて大幅に短縮することができ、全体としての処理操作が高速化されてシリンダヘッドの量産化が可能となる。
【0071】
なお、図6(b)に示されるような従来技術においても、バルブシート皮膜形成用圧粉体電極106を予め多数準備しておき、電極106全体を次々と交換することで接着剤の塗布工程(所要時間t2),接着工程(所要時間t3),接着後の加熱硬化工程(所要時間t4)を省略して電極の交換作業の所要時間を短縮することが可能であるが、本実施形態においても、バルブシート皮膜形成用圧粉体電極13を予め多数準備しておけば、これと同様のことが実現可能である。
【0072】
何れにしても、電極の装着工程は必要であり、従来技術における電極の装着工程(所要時間t5)に比べて本実施形態の電極の装着工程(所要時間t5’)の方が短時間で済むので、予め多数の電極を準備しておいたような場合でも、全体としての処理操作の高速化のためには本実施形態の方が遥かに有利である。
【0073】
また、本実施形態では、図6(b)に示されるような従来例と違って、高価な銅からなる導電性支持部材107を多数準備する必要はなく、鉄粉等の磁性粉末15’を用いた圧粉体成形で廉価に製造された導電性支持部材15を利用することができるため、バルブシート皮膜形成用圧粉体電極13の製造コスト自体が軽減化されるメリットがある。
【0074】
最大の作業効率を得るためには、前述のようにして製造されたバルブシート皮膜形成用圧粉体電極13を予め幾つも準備しておき、電極の消耗に応じて次々とバルブシート皮膜形成用圧粉体電極13を交換していくようにすればよく、その際に必要とされる段取りの所要時間つまり加工の停止時間は、高々、電磁チャック21の磁化状態を切り替えて皮膜形成用圧粉体電極13を取り替えるために必要とされる所要時間t5’のみである。
【0075】
次に、バルブシート皮膜形成用圧粉体電極を回転(自転)させてバルブシート皮膜の形成プロセスそれ自体を相対的に高速化することで全体としての処理操作を高速化してシリンダヘッドの量産化を図った場合の実施形態について説明する。
【0076】
図5(a)は一実施形態のバルブシート皮膜形成方法について示した概念図である。バルブシート皮膜形成用圧粉体電極25としては、図1(a),図1(b)で示したようなバルブシート皮膜形成用圧粉体電極、または、図2(a)で示したようなバルブシート皮膜形成用圧粉体電極、更には、図6(a),図6(b)で示したような従来型のバルブシート皮膜形成用圧粉体電極を利用することができる。
【0077】
バルブシート皮膜形成用圧粉体電極25は、シリンダヘッド101側に形成されたバルブシート部102の形状に倣った外周形状(テーパ面)を備えた圧粉体電極部26と、放電加工機のサーボヘッドから圧粉体電極部26に通電するための導電性支持部材27とによって実質的に一体に形成され、放電加工機のサーボヘッドに固設された電極回転機構(図示せず)に電極ホルダを介して取り付けられている。
【0078】
この電極回転機構は、円柱状の放電加工用電極を使用して放電加工を行う際に電極先端部の消耗を均一化するために電極の回転中心を所定位置に止めたまま電極を回転(自転)させたり、更には、小径の円柱状放電加工用電極を使用して電極径よりも大きな径の穴をワークに穿設したり、あるいは、廉価な管状の放電加工用電極を使用して芯を残さずにワークに穴明またはポケット加工を行うために電極を回転(自転)させつつ公転動作させることを目的として考案されたもので、型彫り放電加工機の分野では既に公知である。
【0079】
本実施形態においては、この電極回転機構が有する電極の回転(自転)機能を、バルブシート部102の各箇所に炭化物を平均的に積層させて皮膜形成のプロセスを安定化させ、加工電圧や加工電流およびパルス幅やデューティ比等の条件を高パワー側に設定して従来と同等の面粗度や形状誤差を得るために流用する。
【0080】
ワークのセッティング等の段取りに関しては前記と同様であり、加工対象となるシリンダヘッド101は、バルブシート部102を上方に向けてバルブシート皮膜形成用圧粉体電極25の圧粉体電極部26に対向させた状態で図5(a)のようにして放電加工槽23内に設置され、放電加工槽23に満たされた加工液(油)24によってバルブシート皮膜形成用圧粉体電極25とシリンダヘッド101との間が絶縁される。
【0081】
この実施形態のシリンダヘッド101はアルミ合金製であり、バルブシート皮膜形成用圧粉体電極25の圧粉体電極部26には、Al,Zn,Sn,Cuと炭化して硬質の炭化物を生成するTi,Nb,V,Cr,Mn,Zr,Mo,W,Hf,Ta,Co,Niの金属粉末を混合した圧粉体を使用し、図5(a)の構成に従って油中放電を行うことで、バルブシート部102に耐磨耗性に優れた炭化チタンを主成分とする硬質のバルブシート皮膜を形成した。加工用のパルス電源に設定した電源条件と電極回転機構の駆動条件を表2に示す。
【0082】
【表2】
Figure 0003991893
【0083】
但し、バルブシート皮膜形成用圧粉体電極25とバルブシート部102との相対速度を示す0.5〜15mm/secの値は圧粉体電極部26の外周部のテーパ面の周速である。
【0084】
一般に、バルブシート皮膜の形成速度を速くするためにパルス幅やデューティ比および放電電流等を大きめに設定するとバルブシート皮膜の面粗度が粗くなる等の問題が生じ、また、十分な面粗度を得るためにはパルス幅やデューティ比および放電電流等を小さ目に設定する必要があるため、バルブシート皮膜の形成速度と精度の両立を図ることは困難であるが、このようにしてバルブシート皮膜形成用圧粉体電極25を回転(自転)させながら表2に示されるような条件で圧粉体電極部26の外周形状(テーパ面)とバルブシート部102との間で間欠的に絶縁破壊を励起し、この際に生じる放電エネルギーによって圧粉体電極部26の圧粉体成分を溶融し、放電加工槽23中の加工液(油)24の炭素原子と反応させ、硬質の炭化物を生成してバルブシート部102に移着させて積層することで、高精度の面粗度と一様な組成を有する炭化チタンのバルブシート皮膜を比較的短時間のうちにバルブシート部102上に形成することができるようになる。
【0085】
つまり、圧粉体電極部26とバルブシート部102との間に生じる放電自体は分散的なものであっても、圧粉体電極部26自体を回転(自転)させることで、この分散的な放電がバルブシート部102上の各個所で頻繁に平均的に発生するようになるので、全体として、バルブシート部102上の全域に亘って均等に炭化物の皮膜が形成されるのである。また、これによりバルブシート皮膜の表面が多孔質状に荒れるといった弊害も解消される。
【0086】
但し、バルブシート皮膜形成用圧粉体電極25の回転数は皮膜の形成対象となるバルブシート部102の大きさ(直径)に応じて調整する必要があり、回転数が高すぎるとバルブシート部102上での放電点(絶縁が破壊される箇所)が定まり難くなるためにバルブシート皮膜の形成が困難となり、また、回転数が低いと面粗度が粗くなる弊害が生じるため、バルブシート皮膜形成用圧粉体電極25とバルブシート部102との相対速度が0.5〜15mm/secとなるように電極回転機構の回転速度を設定することが望ましい。
【0087】
以上に述べたように、バルブシート皮膜形成用圧粉体電極25を回転(自転)させながら放電を行ってバルブシート皮膜を形成することでバルブシート皮膜の面粗度と平滑性が保証されるので、加工電圧や加工電流およびパルス幅やデューティ比等の条件を従来以上に高パワー側に設定しても最終的に従来と同等の面粗度や形状誤差を維持することができる。
【0088】
つまり、加工電圧や加工電流およびパルス幅やデューティ比等の条件を高パワー側に設定してバルブシート皮膜の形成速度を高速化することが可能であり、全体としての処理操作が高速化される結果、シリンダヘッドの量産化が容易となる。
【0089】
また、全体としての処理操作の所要時間が従来と同等でよいのであれば、従来以上の面粗度と形状精度を獲得することができるので、より精密なバルブシート皮膜の形成にも適する。
【0090】
次に、バルブシート皮膜形成用圧粉体電極を回転(自転)させると共に公転させながらバルブシート皮膜を形成するようにしたバルブシート皮膜形成方法の実施形態について図5(b)を参照して説明する。
【0091】
この場合も、バルブシート皮膜形成用圧粉体電極28としては、図1(a),図1(b)で示したようなバルブシート皮膜形成用圧粉体電極、または、図2(a)で示したようなバルブシート皮膜形成用圧粉体電極、更には、図6(a),図6(b)で示したような従来型のバルブシート皮膜形成用圧粉体電極を利用することが可能である。
【0092】
バルブシート皮膜形成用圧粉体電極28は、シリンダヘッド101側に形成されたバルブシート部102の斜面に倣った外周形状(テーパ面)を備え、かつ、バルブシート部102の直径よりも小さな直径を有する圧粉体電極部29と、放電加工機のサーボヘッドから圧粉体電極部29に通電するための導電性支持部材30とによって実質的に一体に形成され、放電加工機のサーボヘッドに固設された電極回転機構に電極ホルダを介して取り付けられている。
【0093】
この実施形態のバルブシート皮膜形成方法は、直径の小さなバルブシート皮膜形成用圧粉体電極28を使用して大きな直径を有するバルブシート部102の斜面にバルブシート皮膜を形成する際に使用するためのもので、その目的は、前述の電極回転機構を利用して、バルブシート皮膜形成用圧粉体電極28を回転(自転)させ、かつ、圧粉体電極部29の外周形状(テーパ面)とバルブシート部102の斜面との間に所定の放電ギャップが維持されるようにしてバルブシート皮膜形成用圧粉体電極28を公転させることで達成される。
【0094】
仮に、図5(b)の例に示されるように、バルブシート部102の直径がDでバルブシート部102の斜面の傾きがθ、また、圧粉体電極部29の外周形状(テーパ面)の直径がdで所望される放電ギャップがSであるとすれば、バルブシート部102の中心から半径r=(D−d)/2−(S/sinθ)の円に沿ってバルブシート皮膜形成用圧粉体電極28の回転中心を公転させるようにすればよい。
【0095】
このようにして、バルブシート皮膜形成用圧粉体電極28を自転させると共に公転させることで、直径の小さなバルブシート皮膜形成用圧粉体電極28を使用した場合であっても、より大きな直径を有するバルブシート部102の斜面との間で一定の放電ギャップを保ってバルブシート皮膜を形成することが可能となる。この際、バルブシート皮膜形成用圧粉体電極28自体が回転(自転)しているので圧粉体電極部29の圧粉体成分が部分的に消耗する心配はなく、また、この回転により図5(a)の実施形態と同様にしてバルブシート部102の各箇所に炭化物が平均的に積層されるので、面粗度と平滑性に優れたバルブシート皮膜を比較的短時間のうちに形成することができる。
【0096】
つまり、バルブシート部102の斜面の傾きさえ一致していればバルブシート皮膜形成用圧粉体電極28を交換することなくバルブシート部102の直径が相違する別の仕様のシリンダヘッド101のバルブシート部102に対してバルブシート皮膜の形成作業を継続して行うことが可能であり、電極の交換に関連する段取り作業の所要時間が短縮され、全体としての処理操作が高速化されることになる。
【0097】
バルブシート皮膜形成用圧粉体電極28とバルブシート部102との相対速度は前記と同様に0.5〜15mm/secとすることが望ましいが、この場合の相対速度はバルブシート皮膜形成用圧粉体電極28自体の回転(自転)による外周部の周速にバルブシート皮膜形成用圧粉体電極28の公転による外周部の周速を加えた値〔公転方向と回転(自転)方向が一致している場合〕、または、バルブシート皮膜形成用圧粉体電極28自体の回転(自転)による外周部の周速からバルブシート皮膜形成用圧粉体電極28の公転による外周部の周速を減じた値の絶対値〔公転方向と回転(自転)方向が逆の場合〕である。
【0098】
【発明の効果】
本発明のバルブシート皮膜形成用圧粉体電極は、圧粉体電極部が導電性支持部材の先端面、および、実質的に導電性支持部材と一体化された非導電性支持部材の外周面に固着されて支えられる構造を有するので、導電性支持部材に対する圧粉体電極部の取り付け強度が増し、加工中に圧粉体電極部が導電性支持部材から脱落する問題が解消され、しかも、非導電性支持部材は電気を通さない絶縁体であるため、仮に、圧粉体電極部が消耗して非導電性支持部材の先端が露出したような場合であっても、不適当な箇所で絶縁が破壊されて放電が生じることはなく、継続して適正な皮膜形成プロセスを維持することができるので、従来のように頻繁に圧粉体電極部あるいはバルブシート皮膜形成用圧粉体電極自体を交換する必要がなくなり、全体としての処理操作が高速化されてシリンダヘッドの量産化が可能となる。
【0099】
また、非導電性支持部材をセラミックス部材によって構成することで、加工液となる油等に対しても十分な耐久性を発揮することができる。
【0100】
更に、導電性支持部材の先端の縮径部と該縮径部を覆う非導電性皮膜とによって非導電性支持部材を形成することで、バルブシート皮膜形成用圧粉体電極の製作に必要とされる材料費や製造コストを低減化することができる。
【0101】
本発明のバルブシート皮膜形成用圧粉体電極は、圧粉体電極部の成形工程において圧粉体電極部となる圧粉体に積層して圧粉体成形金型に投入された磁性粉末により圧粉体電極部と一体に導電性支持部材を形成しているので、磁性粉末から成る導電性支持部材を介してバルブシート皮膜形成用圧粉体電極をサーボヘッドの電磁チャックに直に装着することが可能となり、ボルト等を利用した従来型の電極ホルダを用いた複雑な電極の脱着作業が省略され、バルブシート皮膜形成用圧粉体電極の交換に関連する段取り作業の所要時間が短縮されるので、従来と同等の頻度でバルブシート皮膜形成用圧粉体電極を交換する必要がある場合であっても、皮膜形成に用いられる放電加工機の稼動休止時間を相対的に短縮することができ、全体としての処理操作が高速化されるので、シリンダヘッドの量産化が可能となる。
また、導電性支持部材は圧粉体電極部と同時に圧粉体成形金型で成形されるため、バルブシート皮膜形成用圧粉体電極の製造コストが軽減され、予め多数のバルブシート皮膜形成用圧粉体電極を準備しておいて次々と電極を交換しながら作業を進めるような場合であっても、消耗品のランニングコストを安く抑えることができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明を適用してバルブシート皮膜形成用圧粉体電極の実質的な耐用時間を延長して交換回数を削減することで全体としての処理操作を高速化してシリンダヘッドの量産化を図る場合の実施形態について示したもので、図1(a)は非導電性支持部材をセラミックスで形成した場合の例、また、図1(b)は非導電性支持部材を導電性支持部材の縮径部と非導電性皮膜とで形成した例である。
【図2】本発明を適用してバルブシート皮膜形成用圧粉体電極の交換に要する段取り作業の所要時間を短縮することで全体としての処理操作を高速化してシリンダヘッドの量産化を図った場合の実施形態について示したもので、図2(a)はバルブシート皮膜形成用圧粉体電極の構造について示した図、図2(b)は同実施形態のバルブシート皮膜形成用圧粉体電極の製造工程について示した図である。
【図3】バルブシート皮膜を形成する際に使用される型彫り放電加工機について放電加工槽の周辺の構造を簡略化して示した模式図である。
【図4】同実施形態における電極交換作業の工程と従来の電極交換作業の工程との相違について示した概念図である。
【図5】皮膜形成のプロセスそれ自体を相対的に高速化することで全体としての処理操作を高速化してシリンダヘッドの量産化を図った場合の実施形態について示したもので、図5(a)はバルブシート皮膜形成用圧粉体電極を回転させて皮膜の面粗度と平滑性を保証した状態で放電条件を高パワー側に設定して全体としての処理操作を高速化した例、図5(b)はバルブシート皮膜形成用圧粉体電極を回転と同時に公転させて大径のバルブシート部への皮膜形成に対処した例である。
【図6】バルブシート皮膜形成用圧粉体電極の従来例について示した断面図で、図6(a)は最初に開発されたバルブシート皮膜形成用圧粉体電極、また、図6(b)は改良を施したバルブシート皮膜形成用圧粉体電極である。
【符号の説明】
1 バルブシート皮膜形成用圧粉体電極
2 圧粉体電極部
3 導電性支持部材
3a 孔
3b 先端面
4 非導電性支持部材
4a 外周面
5 孔
6 バルブシート皮膜形成用圧粉体電極
7 圧粉体電極部
8 導電性支持部材
8b 先端面
9 縮径部
10 非導電性皮膜
11 非導電性支持部材
11a 外周面
12 孔
13 バルブシート皮膜形成用圧粉体電極
14 圧粉体電極部
14’ 圧粉体
15 導電性支持部材
15’ 磁性粉末
16 圧粉体成形金型
17 押圧部材
18 サーボヘッド
19 パルス電源
20 電極ホルダ
21 電磁チャック
22 テーブル
23 放電加工槽
24 加工液
25 バルブシート皮膜形成用圧粉体電極
26 圧粉体電極部
27 導電性支持部材
28 バルブシート皮膜形成用圧粉体電極
29 圧粉体電極部
30 導電性支持部材
100 バルブシート皮膜形成用圧粉体電極(従来例)
101 シリンダヘッド
102 バルブシート部
103 圧粉体電極部(従来例)
104 導電性支持部材(従来例)
105 導電性の接着剤
106 バルブシート皮膜形成用圧粉体電極(従来例)
107 導電性支持部材(従来例)
107a 縮径部(従来例)
108 ポート[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an improvement of a compact electrode for forming a valve seat film, specifically, a processing operation for forming a valve seat film in place of a valve seat ring on a valve seat portion of a cylinder head using discharge energy. The present invention relates to improvements for speeding up as a whole and for application as mass production technology.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, a valve seat ring made of a different member from the cylinder head has been press-fitted and attached to the valve seat portion of the cylinder head, and this valve seat ring has generally secured confidentiality around the valve. Some prior arts have the disadvantage that the valve seat ring interferes with heat conduction, causing an excessive temperature rise in the valve, and this temperature rise prevents normal ignition of the engine. .
[0003]
Therefore, a technique that avoids the use of a valve seat ring made of a member different from the cylinder head and applies a build-up to the valve seat portion using laser processing has already been proposed as Japanese Patent No. 2964819.
[0004]
However, in order to build up the valve seat portion by using laser processing, it is necessary to irradiate the laser with a large energy laser beam circulating around the annular valve seat portion. As a result, the laser beam irradiation start position (machining start point) overlaps with the laser beam irradiation end position (machining end point), and the energy irradiated to this overlapping portion is from other parts of the valve seat portion. As a result, the overall thickness of the overlay was not constant, and problems such as pressure buildup could occur.
[0005]
Strictly speaking, immediately after the start of laser light irradiation, laser light is continuously irradiated in time series to each location adjacent to the circumferential direction of the valve seat portion. Is accumulated cumulatively in the vicinity of the valve, so that even if the intensity of the laser beam is kept constant, the amount of energy supplied to each part of the valve seat will gradually increase in time series There is. Such a change in the energy amount is continuous. Therefore, as described above, although the difference in temperature between the portions adjacent to each other in the circumferential direction of the valve seat portion is slight, the laser light is circulated in the annular valve seat portion. Therefore, the difference between the temperature at the start of processing and the temperature at the end of processing cannot be ignored.
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Therefore, in order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present applicants have repeatedly studied the configuration of the valve seat portion instead of the overlay using the valve seat ring and laser processing, and using the discharge energy, the valve seat ring and the laser Japanese Patent Application No. 2001-041075 proposes a valve seat film forming technique for forming a valve seat film in place of the overlay using the above.
[0007]
Briefly speaking, this valve seat film formation technology is intermittent dielectric breakdown between the two while maintaining a predetermined discharge gap between the green electrode for forming the valve sheet film and the valve seat part of the cylinder head. The green powder component of the green compact electrode for forming the valve seat film is melted by the discharge energy generated at this time, and further reacted with carbon atoms in the working fluid in the electric discharge machining tank to produce hard carbides. Then, a valve seat film is formed on the surface of the valve seat portion by transferring and laminating to the valve seat portion.
[0008]
The green compact electrode for valve seat film formation used at this time is shown in FIG. The green compact electrode 100 for forming the valve seat film includes a green compact electrode portion 103 having an outer peripheral shape (tapered surface) following the shape of the valve seat portion 102 formed on the cylinder head 101 side, and an electric discharge machine. And a conductive support member 104 for energizing the green compact electrode portion 103 from the servo head.
[0009]
The conductive support member 104 is a cylindrical body formed of copper or the like, and the green compact electrode portion 103 is a hollow annular body, and the upper surface of the green compact electrode portion 103 is electrically connected to the distal end surface of the conductive support member 104. The two are substantially integrated by bonding with the adhesive 105.
[0010]
In the green compact electrode 100 for forming the valve seat film, the green compact electrode portion 103 is formed into a hollow annular body, so that the material of the green compact component can be saved. Since the adhesion surface with the powder electrode portion 103 becomes slight, there is a problem that the green compact electrode portion 103 falls off from the front end surface of the conductive support member 104 during processing. As a result, it is difficult to continuously perform the film forming operation. As a result, the processing operation as a whole is delayed, which is inconvenient for mass production of cylinder heads.
[0011]
Therefore, the present applicants further developed a green compact electrode 106 for forming a valve seat film as shown in FIG.
[0012]
The green compact electrode 106 for forming the valve seat film includes a green compact electrode portion 103 having an outer peripheral shape (tapered surface) following the shape of the valve seat portion 102, and a green compact electrode from the servo head of the electric discharge machine. 6 is the same as that of FIG. 6A in that it comprises a conductive support member 107 for energizing the portion 103, but a reduced diameter portion 107a is formed at the tip of the conductive support member 107, and a green compact is formed. A conductive adhesive 105 is used to bond the upper surface of the electrode portion 103 and the distal end surface of the conductive support member 107, and the inner peripheral surface of the green compact electrode portion 103 and the outer peripheral surface of the reduced diameter portion 107a. Due to the improvement, the problem that the green compact electrode portion 103 dropped from the conductive support member 107 during processing was solved.
[0013]
As a result, it seemed that it was possible to continue the film forming operation continuously. However, when the film forming operation was actually performed, as shown in FIG. Dielectric breakdown may occur between the outer peripheral portion of the reduced diameter portion 107a of the conductive support member 107 and the valve seat portion 102 before the portion between the powder electrode portion 103 and the valve seat portion 102. It has been found that film formation by the green compact component may be inhibited.
[0014]
Further, when the green compact electrode portion 103 is consumed due to the continuation of a certain work or more, as shown in (b) of FIG. 6B, the outer periphery of the distal end of the reduced diameter portion 107a of the conductive support member 107 is obtained. This causes a serious problem that frequent discharge occurs between the valve portion and the valve seat portion 102 or the port 108.
[0015]
For this reason, even if the omission of the green compact electrode part 103 is eliminated, the same green compact electrode 106 for forming a valve seat film cannot be used continuously. That is, the portion of the green compact electrode portion 103 must be frequently replaced, the adhesive 105 applied to the conductive support member 107, the green compact electrode portion 103 adhered to the conductive support member 107, and the adhesive 105. However, there is a drawback that the set-up work such as the heat curing process is complicated, a delay occurs in the entire processing operation, and it is not suitable for mass production of the cylinder head.
[0016]
In addition to the above, the present inventors have conceived the following two points as the cause of difficulty in mass production of a cylinder head to which this kind of film forming technology is applied.
[0017]
First of all, there is an attachment structure of a compact electrode for forming a valve seat film to a servo head of an electric discharge machine.
[0018]
This type of film formation technology is carried out using an ordinary die-sinking electric discharge machine, but the electrode attachment structure of the die-sinking electric discharge machine is composed of an electrode holder that is detachably attached to a servo head, such as copper. An electrode formed of a nonmagnetic material is attached to the servo head via an electrode holder. The attachment of the electrode to the electrode holder is generally realized by a substantially L-shaped electrode receiver and two fixing bolts provided on the electrode holder, but the operation of attaching the electrode to the electrode holder itself is complicated. This poor setup increases the delay in processing operations as a whole.
[0019]
Another cause of the difficulty in mass production of cylinder heads to which the film forming technology is applied is that the green compact component of the green compact electrode for forming the valve seat film is melted by the discharge energy, It is in the process of forming a film itself, which reacts with carbon atoms in the working fluid to form hard carbide, which is transferred to the valve seat and laminated.
[0020]
In other words, the pulse power supply for machining used to form the film can be used directly for the electrical discharge machine, and the machining voltage, machining current, pulse width, duty ratio, etc. can be set freely. However, for example, if the pulse width is set to be long in order to increase the film formation speed, there arises a problem that the surface roughness of the film becomes rough, and it is very difficult to achieve both the film formation speed and accuracy. That is, in order to improve the surface roughness, the processing speed is slow, and naturally the processing operation as a whole is delayed.
[0021]
In normal electric discharge machining, which is a type of removal machining, the power supply conditions for roughing and the power supply conditions for finishing are individually set by the NC device, and high power removal machining is performed at the initial stage of machining. It is possible to clean the remaining machining allowance under the power supply conditions for finishing, but when forming a film using discharge energy, the film surface becomes rough or uneven at the initial stage. If this is the case, these roughnesses and irregularities remain as undulations or shape errors until the end, so that it is not possible to perform rough machining in the initial stage to shorten the time required for machining. In other words, even if the electric discharge machining technique is applied as it is, it is impossible to achieve both film formation speed and accuracy.
[0022]
OBJECT OF THE INVENTION
Therefore, the object of the present invention is to improve the problems of the prior art, speed up the processing operation for forming the valve seat film on the valve seat portion of the cylinder head using discharge energy as a whole, and as mass production technology. An object of the present invention is to provide a green compact electrode for forming a valve seat film that can be applied.
[0023]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The green compact electrode for forming a valve seat film according to the present invention is a valve seat film formation used when forming a valve seat film, which replaces the valve seat ring of the cylinder head, on the valve seat portion of the cylinder head using discharge energy. In order to achieve the above object,
A green compact electrode portion having an outer peripheral shape following the shape of the valve seat portion and having a hole in the center portion, and a conductive support member for energizing the green compact electrode portion from the servo head of the electric discharge machine. Have
The green compact electrode portion is substantially integrated with the conductive support member, and the hole is fitted to a non-conductive support member protruding from the front end of the conductive support member. It has the structure characterized by being fixed to the outer peripheral surface of a nonelectroconductive support member.
[0024]
Since the green compact electrode part is fixedly supported by the distal end surface of the conductive support member and the outer peripheral surface of the non-conductive support member substantially integrated with the conductive support member, the pressure on the conductive support member is The mounting strength of the powder electrode portion is increased, and problems such as dropping of the green electrode portion from the conductive support member during processing are solved.
In addition, since the non-conductive support member fitted into the hole at the center of the green compact electrode portion is an insulator that does not conduct electricity, the green compact electrode portion is temporarily consumed and the non-conductive support member Even when the tip is exposed, the insulation is not broken at an inappropriate location and no discharge is generated, and an appropriate film forming process can be maintained.
This eliminates the need to frequently replace the green compact electrode portion or the green compact electrode itself for forming the valve seat film as in the prior art, speeding up the overall processing operation and enabling mass production of cylinder heads. became.
[0025]
Specifically, the above-described non-conductive support member can be constituted by a ceramic member that is fixed to a hole formed in the central portion of the conductive support member and protrudes from the tip of the conductive support member.
[0026]
Since the ceramic member has sufficient durability against oil or the like as a working fluid, there is no fear of causing damage during the machining process.
[0027]
The non-conductive support member may be formed by a reduced diameter portion at the tip of the conductive support member and a non-conductive film covering the reduced diameter portion.
[0028]
Since the non-conductive support member can be formed by a simple operation of coating the non-conductive film by reducing the diameter of the conductive support member with a lathe or the like, There is an advantage that material costs and manufacturing costs required for manufacturing can be reduced.
[0029]
Further, the green compact electrode for forming a valve seat film of the present invention achieves the same object as described above,
An electroconductive support member for attaching a green compact electrode portion having an outer peripheral shape following the shape of the valve seat portion and an electromagnetic chuck provided on a servo head of an electric discharge machine to conduct electricity. And
In the molding step of the green compact electrode portion, the conductive support member is laminated on the green compact forming the green compact electrode portion, and the green compact powder is put into the green compact molding die by the magnetic powder. It has the structure characterized by being formed integrally with the part.
[0030]
Since it becomes possible to directly attach the green compact electrode for forming the valve seat film to the electromagnetic chuck of the servo head via the conductive support member made of magnetic powder integrally formed with the green compact electrode portion, the electrode The complicated electrode attaching / detaching work using the holder is omitted, and the time required for the setup work related to the exchange of the green electrode for forming the valve seat film is shortened.
As a result, even when the green electrode for forming the valve seat film is replaced with the same frequency as in the past, the operation down time of the electric discharge machine used for forming the film is relatively shortened, and the entire process is performed. The operation has been speeded up, enabling mass production of cylinder heads.
In addition, since the conductive support member is formed by the green compact mold simultaneously with the green compact electrode portion, there is an advantage that the manufacturing cost of the green compact electrode for forming the valve seat film is reduced.
[0035]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, some embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. Fig.1 (a) is sectional drawing shown about the structure of the compact electrode 1 for valve seat film formation of one Embodiment to which this invention is applied.
[0036]
The green compact electrode 1 for forming the valve seat film includes a green compact electrode portion 2 having an outer peripheral shape (tapered surface) following the shape of the valve seat portion 102 formed on the cylinder head 101 side, and an electric discharge machine. Conductive support member 3 for energizing the green compact electrode portion 2 from the servo head, and non-conductive support that is substantially integrated with the conductive support member 3 and protrudes from the tip of the conductive support member 3 It is comprised by the member 4.
[0037]
The non-conductive support member 4 is made of ceramics having an electrical insulating function, and is fixed to the hole 3a formed at the center of the copper conductive support member 3 so as to be substantially the same as the conductive support member 3. It is integrated with.
[0038]
In addition, a hole 5 is formed at the center of the green compact electrode portion 2, and the green compact electrode portion 2 is electrically conductively bonded with the hole 5 fitted to the tip of the non-conductive support member 4. The agent 105 is fixed to the distal end surface 3 b of the conductive support member 3 and the outer peripheral surface 4 a of the nonconductive support member 4 by the agent 105.
[0039]
In this way, the green compact electrode portion 2 is fixedly supported by the distal end surface 3 b of the conductive support member 3 and the outer peripheral surface 4 a of the nonconductive support member 4 integrated with the conductive support member 3. Therefore, the mounting strength of the green compact electrode part 2 with respect to the conductive support member 4 is increased, and partial chipping of the green compact electrode part 2 is prevented in advance, and the green compact is formed during the formation of the valve seat film. The problem that the body electrode part 2 falls off from the conductive support member 4 is solved.
[0040]
Further, since the non-conductive support member 4 fitted in the hole 5 in the central portion of the green compact electrode portion 2 is an insulator that does not conduct electricity, as shown in FIG. Unlike the conventional example, there is no occurrence of dielectric breakdown between the outer periphery of the tip of the non-conductive support member 4 and the valve seat portion 102 during film formation. Even when the tip of the non-conductive support member 4 has been exposed and the tip of the non-conductive support member 4 has entered the port 108 due to the servo feed with a constant gap being advanced with the tip of the non-conductive support member 4 exposed. Unlike the conventional example shown in (b) of FIG. 6 (b), there is no fear that abnormal discharge occurs between the nonconductive support member 4 and the valve seat portion 102 or the port 108.
[0041]
Therefore, even if the green compact electrode 1 for forming the valve seat film is not frequently replaced, abnormal discharge is prevented and the process of forming the film with the green compact component of the green compact electrode part 2 is stably continued. As a result, the processing operation as a whole can be speeded up, and mass production of cylinder heads becomes possible.
[0042]
FIG.1 (b) is sectional drawing shown about the structure of the compacting electrode 6 for valve seat film formation of the other modification to which this invention is applied.
[0043]
The green compact electrode 6 for forming the valve seat film includes a green compact electrode portion 7 having an outer peripheral shape (tapered surface) following the shape of the valve seat portion 102 formed on the cylinder head 101 side, and an electric discharge machine. A conductive support member 8 made of copper or the like for energizing the green compact electrode portion 7 from the servo head, and a reduced diameter portion 9 formed by cutting the outer periphery of the end of the conductive support member 8 by lathe processing or the like. It consists of and.
[0044]
A non-conductive film 10 made of polymer coating or the like is formed on the outer peripheral portion and the front end surface of the reduced diameter portion 9, and the reduced diameter portion 9 is electrically insulated from the outside. A combination of the reduced diameter portion 9 and the nonconductive film 10 is a nonconductive support member 11 in this modification.
[0045]
As in the embodiment shown in FIG. 1A, the powder electrode portion 7 is formed by using the conductive adhesive 105 with the hole 12 fitted to the nonconductive support member 11 and the tip of the conductive support member 8. The surface 8 b and the outer peripheral surface 11 a of the nonconductive support member 11 are fixed.
[0046]
The difference from the embodiment shown in FIG. 1A is that the non-conductive support member 11 is formed by using a part of the conductive support member 8, and the outer periphery of the tip of the conductive support member 8. Since the non-conductive support member 11 can be formed by a simple operation of simply turning and coating the non-conductive film 10, the material required for manufacturing the green compact electrode 6 for forming the valve seat film is required. This has the advantage of reducing costs and manufacturing costs.
[0047]
Since other operations and effects are the same as those of the green electrode 1 for forming a valve seat film shown in FIG.
[0048]
In the above embodiment, the substantial operation time of the green electrode for forming the valve seat film is extended to reduce the number of electrode replacements, thereby speeding up the overall processing operation and increasing the mass production of the cylinder head. An example was described.
[0049]
Next, a description will be given of an embodiment in the case where mass production of cylinder heads is attempted by shortening the time required for the setup work required for replacing the green compact electrode for forming the valve seat film to speed up the overall processing operation. To do.
[0050]
2A is a side view showing the structure of the green compact electrode 13 for forming a valve seat film of the present embodiment, and FIG. 2B is a manufacturing process of the green compact electrode 13 for forming a valve seat film. It is the schematic diagram simplified and shown about.
[0051]
The green compact electrode 13 for forming the valve seat film of this embodiment includes a green compact electrode portion 14 having an outer peripheral shape (tapered surface) following the shape of the valve seat portion 102 formed on the cylinder head 101 side, A green compact electrode unit 14 is attached to an electromagnetic chuck provided in a servo head of an electric discharge machine, and the conductive support member 15 is used to energize the electromagnetic chuck.
[0052]
The manufacturing process of the green compact electrode 13 for forming the valve seat film is as shown in FIG. 2B. First, the green compact molding die 16 for molding the green compact electrode 13 for forming the valve seat film is shown. Is prepared in advance, and a green compact 14 ′ for forming the green compact electrode portion 14 is introduced into the green compact molding die 16, and further laminated on the green compact 14 ′. After introducing the magnetic powder 15 ′ for forming the conductive support member 15, a piston-like pressing member 17 is fitted into the green compact molding die 16 and pressed strongly.
[0053]
The green compact 14 ′ and the magnetic powder 15 ′ are integrated and solidified by this one molding process, and the green compact electrode for forming a valve seat film comprising the green compact electrode portion 14 and the conductive support member 15. 13 is formed. If the green compact electrode 13 for forming the valve seat film is taken out from the green compact molding die 16, the work of the molding process is completed.
[0054]
In this embodiment, a mixture of metal powders shown in Table 1 was used as the green compact 14 ′ for forming the green compact electrode portion 14, and ordinary iron powder was used as the magnetic powder 15 ′.
[0055]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003991893
[0056]
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing a simplified structure of a main part of a die-sinking electric discharge machine used when forming a valve seat film using the green compact electrode 13 for forming a valve sheet film.
[0057]
The servo head 18 is fixed to the column portion of the electric discharge machine, and a pulse power supply 19 for machining based on machining conditions such as machining voltage, machining current, pulse width and duty ratio set by an NC device (not shown). Is supplied with electric power, and the green compact electrode 13 for forming the valve seat film is energized through the electrode holder 20 and the electromagnetic chuck 21.
[0058]
The electromagnetic chuck 21 itself is detachably fixed to the electrode holder 20 by a fixing bolt or the like like a conventional electrode for electric discharge machining. The green compact electrode 13 for forming the valve seat film of this embodiment is an iron. Since the conductive support member 15 formed by solidifying powder is provided, the electromagnetic chuck 21 can be easily operated by simply turning on / off the magnetized state of the electromagnetic chuck 21 while the electromagnetic chuck 21 is mounted on the electrode holder 20. The attaching / detaching operation of the compacted electrode 13 for forming the valve seat film can be performed, and no operation is required for the electrode holder 20 itself.
[0059]
Since the electrode holder 20 is constituted by an electrode holder, a fixing bolt or the like as already described, and has a structure capable of dealing with electrodes for electric discharge machining having various shapes and sizes, these electrodes are used. If a receiver, a fixing bolt, etc. are used well, it is not necessary to design and manufacture a special one as the electromagnetic chuck 21, and the electromagnetic chuck 21 diverted from a commercially available product can be mounted on the electrode holder 20 as it is. .
[0060]
Further, the cylinder head 101 to be processed is discharged as shown in FIG. 3 with the valve seat portion 102 facing upward and facing the green compact electrode portion 14 of the green compact electrode 13 for forming the valve seat film. A pulse power source 19 is connected to the table 22 with a polarity opposite to that of the servo head 18 side.
[0061]
The green sheet electrode 13 for forming the valve seat film and the cylinder head 101 are insulated from each other by the machining fluid (oil) 24 filled in the electric discharge machining tank 23 covering the table 22.
[0062]
The servo head 18 is configured so that the separation distance between the tip of the compact electrode 13 for forming the valve seat film and the valve seat portion 102 of the cylinder head 101 to be processed becomes constant by an NC device (not shown). A vertical feed is applied to maintain the discharge gap at a constant value. This is a control method called servo feed in the field of electric discharge machining. Actually, feedback control of the Z-axis servo motor is performed so as to maintain the discharge current value at a predetermined set value. The discharge gap is maintained at a constant value.
[0063]
Further, when replacing the green compact electrode 13 for forming the valve seat film, the column itself is retracted upward by a jog feed command or the like from the manual control device, and a sufficient working space is secured in the vertical direction to form the valve seat film. It is possible to replace the working green compact electrode 13.
[0064]
Here, the difference between the conventional electrode replacement work and the electrode replacement work in the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.
[0065]
When the conventional green compact electrode 106 for forming a valve seat film as shown in FIG. 6 (b) is used, it is usually necessary to replace the electrode because the cost of the conductive support member 107 made of copper is high. This is done by replacing only the green compact electrode portion 103.
[0066]
Therefore, as shown in FIG. 4, the steps required for this electrode replacement operation are a forming step of the green compact electrode portion 103 (required time t 1) and a step of applying the adhesive 105 to the conductive support member 107 ( The required time t2), the step of bonding the green compact electrode part 103 to the tip of the conductive support member 107 (the required time t3), and the heat curing for heating the adhesive 105 to exhibit practical strength Step (required time t4), and further, the green compact electrode 106 for forming the valve seat film composed of the green compact electrode portion 103 and the conductive support member 107 integrated by bonding is mounted on the electrode holder of the electric discharge machine. There are five steps of the mounting step (required time t5).
[0067]
On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 4, the steps required for the electrode replacement work when using the green compact electrode 13 for forming the valve seat film of the present embodiment are as follows. Only two steps, a molding process for integrally molding the compact electrode 13 for forming the valve seat film from 15 'and a mounting process for mounting the compact electrode 13 for forming the valve seat film on the electromagnetic chuck 21 of the electric discharge machine. It is.
[0068]
Among these, the molding process of the present embodiment is a single molding process in which the green compact 14 ′ and the magnetic powder 15 ′ are put into the single green compact molding die 16 and press-pressed as described above. Therefore, the required time is substantially the same as the forming process (required time t1) when the green compact electrode portion 103 is formed by applying the conventional technique.
[0069]
In the mounting process of the present embodiment, it is not necessary to mount the green compact electrode 13 for forming the valve seat film on the electrode holder 20 using a fixing bolt or the like, and the electromagnetic chuck 21 is mounted on the electrode holder 20. The mounting process (required time t5 ′) is simply performed by switching the magnetized state on the electromagnetic chuck 21 side between ON / OFF and attaching / detaching the green compact electrode 13 for forming the valve seat film. It is much shorter than the process (required time t5).
[0070]
As described above, according to this embodiment, even when the green compact electrode 13 for forming the valve seat film is replaced with the same frequency as the conventional one, the adhesive application process (required time t2) and the adhesion process ( The required time t3) and the heat-curing step after bonding (the required time t4) can be omitted completely, and the mounting step for attaching the green sheet electrode 13 for forming the valve seat film to the electromagnetic chuck 21 (the required time t5 ′) ) Can be performed much more quickly than the conventional electrode mounting step (required time t5) performed on the electrode holder 20 using a fixing bolt or the like. Therefore, the overall time required for electrode replacement, in other words, the downtime of the electric discharge machine can be greatly reduced compared to the conventional one, and the overall processing operation is speeded up so that mass production of cylinder heads can be achieved. Can be realized.
[0071]
In the prior art as shown in FIG. 6B as well, an adhesive application step is performed by preparing a large number of green compact electrodes 106 for forming a valve seat film in advance and replacing the entire electrodes 106 one after another. (Required time t2), bonding step (required time t3), and post-bonding heat curing step (required time t4) can be omitted to shorten the time required for electrode replacement work. However, if a large number of green compact electrodes 13 for forming a valve seat film are prepared in advance, the same can be realized.
[0072]
In any case, the electrode mounting step is necessary, and the electrode mounting step (required time t5 ′) of the present embodiment is shorter than the electrode mounting step (required time t5) in the prior art. Therefore, even when a large number of electrodes are prepared in advance, the present embodiment is far more advantageous for speeding up the processing operation as a whole.
[0073]
Further, in this embodiment, unlike the conventional example shown in FIG. 6B, it is not necessary to prepare a large number of conductive support members 107 made of expensive copper, and magnetic powder 15 ′ such as iron powder is prepared. Since the conductive support member 15 manufactured at a low cost by the green compact used can be used, there is an advantage that the manufacturing cost itself of the green compact electrode 13 for forming the valve seat film is reduced.
[0074]
In order to obtain the maximum working efficiency, several green sheet electrodes 13 for forming a valve seat film manufactured as described above are prepared in advance, and for forming a valve sheet film one after another according to the consumption of the electrodes. It is only necessary to replace the green compact electrode 13, and the time required for setup, that is, the processing stoppage time, is changed at most by switching the magnetization state of the electromagnetic chuck 21 and compacting powder for film formation. Only the required time t5 ′ required to replace the body electrode 13 is obtained.
[0075]
Next, by rotating (spinning) the compacted electrode for forming the valve seat film to relatively speed up the process of forming the valve seat film itself, the overall processing operation is speeded up and mass production of cylinder heads is performed. A description will be given of an embodiment in which
[0076]
FIG. 5A is a conceptual diagram showing a valve seat film forming method according to an embodiment. As the green electrode 25 for forming the valve seat film, the green electrode for forming the valve seat film as shown in FIG. 1 (a) and FIG. 1 (b), or as shown in FIG. 2 (a). A green electrode for forming a valve seat film, and a conventional green electrode for forming a valve seat film as shown in FIGS. 6 (a) and 6 (b) can be used.
[0077]
The green compact electrode 25 for forming the valve seat film includes a green compact electrode portion 26 having an outer peripheral shape (tapered surface) following the shape of the valve seat portion 102 formed on the cylinder head 101 side, and an electric discharge machine. A conductive support member 27 for energizing the green compact electrode portion 26 from the servo head is substantially integrated with the electrode rotating mechanism (not shown) fixed to the servo head of the electric discharge machine. It is attached via a holder.
[0078]
This electrode rotation mechanism rotates (rotates) the electrode while keeping the center of rotation of the electrode at a predetermined position in order to equalize the wear of the electrode tip when performing electric discharge machining using a cylindrical electrode for electric discharge machining. Furthermore, using a small-diameter cylindrical electric discharge machining electrode, a hole having a diameter larger than the electrode diameter is drilled in the workpiece, or using an inexpensive tubular electric discharge machining electrode. In order to perform drilling or pocket machining on a workpiece without leaving a gap, it was devised for the purpose of revolving while rotating (spinning) the electrode, and is already known in the field of die-sinking electric discharge machines.
[0079]
In the present embodiment, the electrode rotation mechanism (rotation) function of the electrode rotation mechanism stabilizes the film formation process by stacking carbides on each part of the valve seat portion 102 on average, thereby enabling processing voltage and processing The conditions such as current, pulse width, duty ratio, etc. are set on the high power side and used to obtain the same surface roughness and shape error as in the prior art.
[0080]
The setup for workpiece setting and the like is the same as described above, and the cylinder head 101 to be machined is directed to the green compact electrode portion 26 of the green compact electrode 25 for forming the valve seat film with the valve seat portion 102 facing upward. In the state of being opposed to each other, as shown in FIG. 5 (a), the green compact electrode 25 for forming the valve seat film and the cylinder are installed in the electric discharge machining tank 23 by the machining liquid (oil) 24 filled in the electric discharge machining tank 23. The head 101 is insulated.
[0081]
The cylinder head 101 of this embodiment is made of an aluminum alloy, and the green compact electrode portion 26 of the green compact electrode 25 for forming the valve seat film is carbonized with Al, Zn, Sn, Cu to produce a hard carbide. A green compact mixed with metal powders of Ti, Nb, V, Cr, Mn, Zr, Mo, W, Hf, Ta, Co, and Ni is used, and discharge in oil is performed according to the configuration of FIG. Thus, a hard valve seat film mainly composed of titanium carbide having excellent wear resistance was formed on the valve seat portion 102. Table 2 shows the power supply conditions set for the pulse power supply for machining and the drive conditions for the electrode rotation mechanism.
[0082]
[Table 2]
Figure 0003991893
[0083]
However, the value of 0.5 to 15 mm / sec indicating the relative speed between the compact electrode 25 for forming the valve seat film and the valve seat portion 102 is the peripheral speed of the tapered surface of the outer peripheral portion of the compact electrode portion 26. .
[0084]
In general, if the pulse width, duty ratio, discharge current, etc. are set large to increase the speed of forming the valve seat film, problems such as rough surface roughness of the valve seat film occur, and sufficient surface roughness Since it is necessary to set the pulse width, duty ratio, discharge current, etc. to a small value in order to obtain the same, it is difficult to achieve both the formation speed and accuracy of the valve seat film. Breaking down intermittently between the outer peripheral shape (tapered surface) of the green compact electrode portion 26 and the valve seat portion 102 under the conditions shown in Table 2 while rotating (rotating) the green compact electrode 25 for forming. The green compact component of the green compact electrode portion 26 is melted by the discharge energy generated at this time, and reacted with carbon atoms of the working fluid (oil) 24 in the electric discharge machining tank 23 to produce hard carbides. Then, a valve seat film of titanium carbide having a highly accurate surface roughness and a uniform composition is formed on the valve seat portion 102 in a relatively short time by transferring and laminating to the valve seat portion 102. Will be able to.
[0085]
In other words, even if the discharge itself generated between the green compact electrode part 26 and the valve seat part 102 is dispersive, by rotating (spinning) the green compact electrode part 26 itself, Since electric discharge frequently occurs at various locations on the valve seat portion 102 on average, a carbide film is uniformly formed over the entire area on the valve seat portion 102 as a whole. This also eliminates the adverse effect that the surface of the valve seat film becomes porous.
[0086]
However, the rotational speed of the green compact electrode 25 for forming the valve seat film needs to be adjusted according to the size (diameter) of the valve seat part 102 to be coated, and if the rotational speed is too high, the valve seat part Since it is difficult to determine the discharge point (where insulation is broken) on 102, it is difficult to form a valve seat film, and when the number of revolutions is low, the surface roughness becomes rough. It is desirable to set the rotation speed of the electrode rotation mechanism so that the relative speed between the forming green compact electrode 25 and the valve seat portion 102 is 0.5 to 15 mm / sec.
[0087]
As described above, the surface roughness and smoothness of the valve seat film are ensured by forming the valve seat film by discharging while rotating (spinning) the green electrode 25 for forming the valve seat film. Therefore, even if conditions such as the machining voltage, machining current, pulse width, and duty ratio are set on the higher power side than before, it is possible to maintain the same surface roughness and shape error as in the past.
[0088]
In other words, conditions such as machining voltage, machining current, pulse width, duty ratio, etc. can be set on the high power side to speed up the formation of the valve seat film, thereby speeding up the overall processing operation. As a result, mass production of the cylinder head is facilitated.
[0089]
Further, if the time required for the processing operation as a whole can be the same as that of the prior art, it is possible to obtain surface roughness and shape accuracy higher than those of the prior art, which is suitable for forming a more precise valve seat film.
[0090]
Next, an embodiment of a valve seat film forming method in which the valve seat film is formed while rotating (rotating) and revolving the green electrode for forming the valve seat film will be described with reference to FIG. To do.
[0091]
Also in this case, as the green compact electrode 28 for forming the valve seat film, the green compact electrode for forming the valve seat film as shown in FIGS. 1 (a) and 1 (b), or FIG. 2 (a). And a green electrode for forming a valve seat film as shown in FIG. 6 and a conventional green electrode for forming a valve seat film as shown in FIGS. Is possible.
[0092]
The green compact electrode 28 for forming the valve seat film has an outer peripheral shape (tapered surface) following the slope of the valve seat portion 102 formed on the cylinder head 101 side, and has a diameter smaller than the diameter of the valve seat portion 102. And a conductive support member 30 for energizing the green compact electrode portion 29 from the servo head of the electric discharge machine, and the servo head of the electric discharge machine. It is attached to a fixed electrode rotation mechanism via an electrode holder.
[0093]
The valve seat film forming method of this embodiment is used when a valve seat film is formed on the slope of the valve seat portion 102 having a large diameter by using the compacted electrode 28 for forming a valve seat film having a small diameter. The purpose is to rotate (rotate) the green compact electrode 28 for forming the valve seat film using the above-mentioned electrode rotating mechanism, and to form the outer peripheral shape (tapered surface) of the green compact electrode portion 29. This is achieved by revolving the green compact electrode 28 for forming the valve seat film such that a predetermined discharge gap is maintained between the valve seat 102 and the slope of the valve seat portion 102.
[0094]
As shown in the example of FIG. 5B, the diameter of the valve seat portion 102 is D, the slope of the inclined surface of the valve seat portion 102 is θ, and the outer peripheral shape (tapered surface) of the green compact electrode portion 29. If the desired discharge gap is S and the desired discharge gap is S, the valve seat film is formed along a circle having a radius r = (D−d) / 2− (S / sin θ) from the center of the bulb seat portion 102. The rotation center of the green compact electrode 28 may be revolved.
[0095]
Thus, by rotating and revolving the compacted electrode 28 for forming the valve seat film, a larger diameter can be obtained even when the compacted electrode 28 for forming the valve seat film having a small diameter is used. The valve seat film can be formed while maintaining a constant discharge gap with the slope of the bulb seat portion 102 having the same. At this time, since the green compact electrode 28 for forming the valve seat film is rotating (autorotating), there is no concern that the green compact component of the green compact electrode portion 29 is partially consumed. In the same manner as in the embodiment of 5 (a), carbide is averagely laminated at each location of the valve seat portion 102, so that a valve seat film excellent in surface roughness and smoothness is formed in a relatively short time. can do.
[0096]
That is, the valve seat of the cylinder head 101 of another specification in which the diameter of the valve seat portion 102 is different without replacing the green compact electrode 28 for forming the valve seat film as long as the slopes of the slopes of the valve seat portion 102 match. It is possible to continue the formation work of the valve seat film on the part 102, the time required for the setup work related to the electrode replacement is shortened, and the overall processing operation is speeded up. .
[0097]
The relative speed between the compact electrode 28 for forming the valve seat film and the valve seat portion 102 is preferably 0.5 to 15 mm / sec as described above. In this case, the relative speed is the pressure for forming the valve seat film. The value obtained by adding the peripheral speed of the outer peripheral portion due to the revolution of the powder electrode 28 for forming the valve seat film to the peripheral speed of the outer peripheral portion due to the rotation (rotation) of the powder electrode 28 itself [the revolution direction and the rotation (rotation) direction are the same. Or the peripheral speed of the outer peripheral portion by the revolution of the valve seat film forming powder electrode 28 from the peripheral speed of the outer periphery of the powder electrode 28 for forming the valve seat film by rotation (spinning). The absolute value of the subtracted value [when the revolution direction and the rotation (spinning) direction are reversed].
[0098]
【The invention's effect】
The green compact electrode for forming a valve seat film of the present invention has a green compact electrode portion having a tip surface of a conductive support member and an outer peripheral surface of a non-conductive support member substantially integrated with the conductive support member. Since it has a structure that is supported by being fixed to, the mounting strength of the green compact electrode part to the conductive support member is increased, and the problem that the green compact electrode part falls off from the conductive support member during processing is solved, Since the non-conductive support member is an insulator that does not conduct electricity, even if the green compact electrode part is consumed and the tip of the non-conductive support member is exposed, the Since the insulation is not broken and no discharge occurs, and an appropriate film forming process can be maintained continuously, the green electrode part for forming the green compact electrode part or the valve seat film itself is frequently used as in the past. No need to replace the whole And processing operations of becomes possible to mass-produce accelerated by the cylinder head.
[0099]
In addition, by configuring the non-conductive support member with a ceramic member, sufficient durability can be exhibited even with respect to oil or the like serving as a working fluid.
[0100]
Furthermore, the non-conductive support member is formed by the reduced diameter portion at the tip of the conductive support member and the non-conductive film covering the reduced diameter portion, which is necessary for the production of the green compact electrode for forming the valve seat film. Material costs and manufacturing costs can be reduced.
[0101]
The green compact electrode for forming a valve seat film according to the present invention is formed by magnetic powder that is laminated on a green compact that becomes a green compact electrode portion in the green compact electrode portion forming step and is put into a green compact molding die. Since the conductive support member is formed integrally with the green compact electrode portion, the green compact electrode for forming the valve seat film is directly attached to the electromagnetic chuck of the servo head via the conductive support member made of magnetic powder. This eliminates the need for complex electrode attachment / detachment using conventional electrode holders using bolts, etc., and shortens the time required for setup work related to replacement of the green electrode for forming the valve seat film. Therefore, even when it is necessary to replace the compacted electrode for forming the valve seat film with the same frequency as before, it is possible to relatively shorten the operation downtime of the electric discharge machine used for forming the film. And as a whole Since management operation is faster, it is possible to mass production of the cylinder head.
In addition, since the conductive support member is formed by the green compact molding die at the same time as the green compact electrode portion, the manufacturing cost of the green compact electrode for forming the valve seat film is reduced, and a large number of pre-formed valve seat films are formed in advance. Even when a green compact electrode is prepared and work is performed while exchanging electrodes one after another, the running cost of consumables can be reduced.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a mass production of cylinder heads by applying the present invention to extend the substantial service life of a green electrode for forming a valve seat film and reduce the number of replacements, thereby speeding up the overall processing operation. FIG. 1A shows an example in which the non-conductive support member is formed of ceramics, and FIG. 1B shows the non-conductive support member as a conductive support member. It is an example formed with a reduced diameter portion and a non-conductive film.
FIG. 2 is an application of the present invention to shorten the time required for the setup work required to replace the green compact electrode for forming the valve seat film, thereby speeding up the overall processing operation and increasing the mass production of cylinder heads. FIG. 2 (a) is a diagram showing the structure of a compact electrode for forming a valve seat film, and FIG. 2 (b) is a compact for forming a valve seat film according to the embodiment. It is the figure shown about the manufacturing process of the electrode.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing a simplified structure of the periphery of an electric discharge machining tank for a die-sinking electric discharge machine used for forming a valve seat film.
FIG. 4 is a conceptual diagram showing a difference between an electrode replacement operation process and a conventional electrode replacement operation process in the embodiment;
FIG. 5 shows an embodiment in which a cylinder head is mass-produced by speeding up the overall processing operation by relatively speeding up the film formation process itself, and FIG. ) Is an example of rotating the green compact electrode for forming the valve seat film to ensure the surface roughness and smoothness of the film and setting the discharge condition to the high power side to speed up the overall processing operation. 5 (b) is an example of coping with film formation on a large-diameter valve seat part by revolving a green compact electrode for forming a valve seat film simultaneously with rotation.
6 is a cross-sectional view showing a conventional example of a green electrode for forming a valve seat film. FIG. 6 (a) is a first developed green electrode for forming a valve seat film, and FIG. ) Is an improved green electrode for forming a valve seat film.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 Green compact electrode for valve seat film formation
2 Green compact electrode part
3 Conductive support member
3a hole
3b Tip surface
4 Non-conductive support member
4a Outer peripheral surface
5 holes
6 Green compact electrode for valve seat film formation
7 Compact electrode part
8 Conductive support member
8b Tip surface
9 Reduced diameter part
10 Non-conductive film
11 Non-conductive support member
11a outer peripheral surface
12 holes
13 Green compact electrode for valve seat film formation
14 Compact electrode part
14 'green compact
15 Conductive support member
15 'magnetic powder
16 Compacting mold
17 Pressing member
18 Servo head
19 Pulse power supply
20 Electrode holder
21 Electromagnetic chuck
22 tables
23 EDM tank
24 machining fluid
25 Compact electrode for valve seat film formation
26 Green compact electrode part
27 Conductive support member
28 Green compact electrode for valve seat film formation
29 Compact electrode part
30 Conductive support member
100 Green compact electrode for valve seat film formation (conventional example)
101 Cylinder head
102 Valve seat
103 Green compact electrode (conventional example)
104 Conductive support member (conventional example)
105 Conductive adhesive
106 Green compact electrode for valve seat film formation (conventional example)
107 conductive support member (conventional example)
107a Reduced diameter part (conventional example)
108 ports

Claims (4)

シリンダヘッドのバルブシートリングに代わるバルブシート皮膜を放電エネルギーを利用してシリンダヘッドのバルブシート部に形成する際に使用されるバルブシート皮膜形成用圧粉体電極であって、
前記バルブシート部の形状に倣った外周形状を備え且つ中央部に孔を備えた圧粉体電極部と、放電加工機のサーボヘッドから前記圧粉体電極部に通電するための導電性支持部材とを有し、
前記圧粉体電極部が、前記導電性支持部材と実質的に一体化されて前記導電性支持部材の先端から突出した非導電性支持部材に前記孔を嵌合させて、前記導電性支持部材の先端面および前記非導電性支持部材の外周面に固着されていることを特徴としたバルブシート皮膜形成用圧粉体電極。
A green sheet electrode for forming a valve seat film used when forming a valve seat film in place of a valve seat ring of a cylinder head on a valve seat part of a cylinder head using discharge energy,
A green compact electrode part having an outer peripheral shape following the shape of the valve seat part and having a hole in the center, and a conductive support member for energizing the green compact electrode part from a servo head of an electric discharge machine And
The green compact electrode portion is substantially integrated with the conductive support member, and the hole is fitted into a non-conductive support member protruding from the tip of the conductive support member, whereby the conductive support member A green compact electrode for forming a valve seat film, which is fixed to the front end surface of the non-conductive support member and the outer peripheral surface of the non-conductive support member.
前記非導電性支持部材が、前記導電性支持部材の中心部に形成された孔に固着されて前記導電性支持部材の先端から突出するセラミックス部材によって形成されていることを特徴とした請求項1記載のバルブシート皮膜形成用圧粉体電極。  The non-conductive support member is formed of a ceramic member that is fixed to a hole formed in a central portion of the conductive support member and protrudes from a tip of the conductive support member. The green compact electrode for valve seat film formation of description. 前記非導電性支持部材が、前記導電性支持部材の先端の縮径部と該縮径部を覆う非導電性皮膜とによって形成されていることを特徴とした請求項1記載のバルブシート皮膜形成用圧粉体電極。  2. The valve seat film formation according to claim 1, wherein the non-conductive support member is formed of a reduced diameter portion at a tip end of the conductive support member and a non-conductive film covering the reduced diameter portion. Green compact electrode. シリンダヘッドのバルブシートリングに代わるバルブシート皮膜を放電エネルギーを利用してシリンダヘッドのバルブシート部に形成する際に使用されるバルブシート皮膜形成用圧粉体電極であって、
前記バルブシート部の形状に倣った外周形状を備えた圧粉体電極部と、放電加工機のサーボヘッドに設けられた電磁チャックに前記圧粉体電極部を装着して通電するための導電性支持部材とから成り、
前記導電性支持部材が、前記圧粉体電極部の成形工程で、前記圧粉体電極部を形成する圧粉体に積層して圧粉体成形金型に投入された磁性粉末により、前記圧粉体電極部と一体に形成されていることを特徴としたバルブシート皮膜形成用圧粉体電極。
A green sheet electrode for forming a valve seat film used when forming a valve seat film in place of a valve seat ring of a cylinder head on a valve seat part of a cylinder head using discharge energy,
Conductive power for mounting the green compact electrode part with the outer peripheral shape following the shape of the valve seat part, and attaching the green compact electrode part to the electromagnetic chuck provided in the servo head of the electric discharge machine A support member,
In the molding step of the green compact electrode part, the conductive support member is laminated on the green compact forming the green compact electrode part, and the magnetic powder put into the green compact molding die is used as the green compact. A green compact electrode for forming a valve seat film, characterized by being formed integrally with a powder electrode portion.
JP2003070125A 2003-03-14 2003-03-14 Green compact electrode for valve seat film formation Expired - Fee Related JP3991893B2 (en)

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CN110653469A (en) * 2018-06-29 2020-01-07 本田技研工业株式会社 Joining device and joining method

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JP4801155B2 (en) * 2006-06-21 2011-10-26 ボッシュ株式会社 Surface treatment method by electric discharge and dressing method
JP4984865B2 (en) * 2006-12-08 2012-07-25 スズキ株式会社 Green compact electrode for submerged electrical discharge machining, method for producing the same, and method for forming a hard film using the electrode
CN114537704B (en) * 2022-01-19 2023-08-04 成都飞机工业(集团)有限责任公司 Reverse drilling operation method

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110653469A (en) * 2018-06-29 2020-01-07 本田技研工业株式会社 Joining device and joining method
CN110653469B (en) * 2018-06-29 2021-11-02 本田技研工业株式会社 Joining device and joining method

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