JP3984386B2 - Panel structure building with laminate - Google Patents

Panel structure building with laminate Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3984386B2
JP3984386B2 JP02700199A JP2700199A JP3984386B2 JP 3984386 B2 JP3984386 B2 JP 3984386B2 JP 02700199 A JP02700199 A JP 02700199A JP 2700199 A JP2700199 A JP 2700199A JP 3984386 B2 JP3984386 B2 JP 3984386B2
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support member
panel
building
upper support
wall panels
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JP2000226883A (en
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拓文 渡辺
浩俊 植田
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Koyo Sangyo Co Ltd
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Koyo Sangyo Co Ltd
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は積層体よりなる壁パネルを用いて建築物を構成する構造形式に係り、特に積層体で形成された複数の壁パネルを横方向に並列すると共に、これ等の壁パネルを下部支持部材と上部支持部材とで支持して構成したパネル構造建築物に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来の木造住宅の多くは、柱が外装材と内装材とで挟み隠される軸組大壁構法、又は構造材で組まれた枠組に構造用合板等の面材を釘打ちした床や壁によって建築物が構築される枠組壁工法で建築されている。
【0003】
近年、軸組構法や枠組壁工法において、現場施工の省力化・構造的強度のアップを目的とした「建築壁用パネル」が採用されるようになった。財団法人日本住宅・木造技術センターの木造住宅合理化認定システムの中にも多数建築壁用パネルが認定されている。この建築壁用パネルの多くは、工場にて枠材・面材・断熱材(一部省略される場合がある)を一体化したパネルである。良好な居住性と耐久性とを得るために、断熱性、通風性、遮音性、換気、防湿性、防露性を材料・施工の両面において安定的に確保できるよう構造躯体をシステム化している。
【0004】
また、例えば特公平7−96802号公報等に示す如く、従来の軸組壁工法とは違った構造躯体、即ち発泡プラスチックを比較的薄く且つ強度の高い板で挟んでサンドイッチ状にしたパネルを構造材として使用したサンドイッチパネル構造の建築物も開発されている。
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、前述した建築壁用パネルは、あらかじめ工場にて枠材・面材・断熱材を一体化するため、様々な制約や不都合が生じることがある。日本の住宅の多くは注文生産であり、全ての建築部材を標準化するのは困難なことである。よって、建築壁用パネルの仕様も多様となり、機械化・大量生産のメリットを十分発揮できず人手による生産・現場加工が多くなり、場合によっては従来工法よりコストアップになる場合がある等の問題があった。
【0006】
また、前述の建築用パネルの寸法は、1階分の高さ(約2.7m)と約1.2m程度の巾を有するので、輸送コストがかかり、かつ建築用パネルを現場で施工するためにはクレーン施工が必須となる問題があった。
【0007】
そのために、輸送コスト、施工コストが非常に高価になると共に、現場が狭小地では前述の建築用パネルを採用して建築物を構築することが困難になる問題があった。また、パネルの1枚1枚は四辺を化粧材や補強材を兼ねた枠材が接合して縁取りしてあるため、建築現場にて寸法サイズの間違いや変更があったとしても簡便にパネルを切断できない。すなわち、パネルを現場サイズに切り詰める枠材が無くなった切断面の見栄えや強度が低下するため、便利にパネルを裁断できない。そのため、小開口部の追加や変更といった現場作業に対応しづらく、逆に工事工数が嵩んだりして手間取る不具合がある。
【0008】
本発明に係る積層体によるパネル構造建築物は、前述の従来の多くの問題点に鑑み開発された全く新しい技術であって、特に積層体よりなる複数の壁パネルを、下部支持部材と上部支持部材とによって支持しながら建築物を構成する構造であって、クレーン等を使用せずに、かつ狭い場所に於いても簡易な現場変更に対応が可能な全く新しいパネル構造建築物の技術を提供するものである。
【0009】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明に係る代表的なパネル構造建築物は、リグノセルロースを主体とする皮部と多孔性の髄部とを有する植物茎を複数並列して形成した複数のシート状物を積層しかつ少なくともその片面に表面材が一体的に積層された積層体よりなって任意の大きさに切断可能な壁パネルと、
接合される左右の前記壁パネルの各上縁に跨って当接させて締結部材で結合することによって前記左右の壁パネルどうしを互いに接続するための上部支持部材と、
接合される左右の前記壁パネルの各下縁に跨って当接させて締結部材で結合することによって前記左右の壁パネルどうしを互いに接続するための下部支持部材と、
前記壁パネルを上下方向に連接する場合に、下側の壁パネルの上縁に結合した前記上部支持部材と上側の壁パネルの下縁に結合した前記下部支持部材とを共締めして結合するための繋ぎ部材と、
を含んで構成されることを特徴とするものである。
【0010】
前述の建築物の第1発明に於いては、建築物に使用される壁パネルが、リグノセルロースを主体とする皮部と多孔性の髄部とを有する植物茎を複数並列して形成した複数のシート状物を積層しかつ少なくともその片面に表面材が一体的に積層された積層体によって形成されているので、構造耐力を植物茎に依存しており、壁パネル1枚毎には構造材としての枠材を必要としないので、この壁パネルは任意の場所を切断することが出来、建物の開口部を任意の場所に簡単に構成することが出来る。従って、建物の開口位置の制限を大巾に緩和することが出来る。
【0011】
また、この壁パネルは、全体的に軽くかつ任意の寸法に切断して使用することが出来るので、狭い場所に於いても、かつクレーン等を全く使用せずに施行することが出来る。かつ建築主の希望に応じた種々の間取りや外形を持った建築物を簡単に構成することが出来る。
【0012】
かつ、本発明に係る建築物は、前述の構成を有する複数の壁パネルを横方向に並列すると共に、これ等の壁パネルの上下部に夫々上部支持部材と下部支持部材とで支持することによって構成するので、全体の構成が極めて簡単であり、種々の構造の建築物を容易にかつ安価に施工することが出来る。
【0013】
更に、前述の壁パネルを建て込む際には、床スラブや基礎コンクリートなどの下部構造材の上に、例えばビスや釘などにより固定された壁パネル数枚分に亘り長く連続する下部支持部材に該壁パネルの下部を差し込み、ビスや釘などで壁パネルと下部支持部材とを一体化する。このようにして一方向の壁を形成した後、その壁パネルの上部に壁パネル数枚分に亘り長く連続する上部支持部材で支持させ、釘などで壁パネルと上部支持部材とを一体化する。このようにして一方向の壁を形成することが出来る。
【0014】
本発明の建築物の第2発明は、前記上部支持部材及び下部支持部材が夫々断面コ字型材で形成されていることを特徴とした第1発明の積層体によるパネル構造建築物である。
【0015】
前述の第2発明の建築物に於いては、壁パネルの上部及び下部を支持する上部支持部材と下部支持部材とが夫々断面コ字型材で形成されているので、壁パネルの上縁或いは下縁をこれ等の上下部の支持部材のコ字型開口部に嵌入して安定した状態で納めることが出来る。従って、これ等の上下支持部材と壁パネルの結合をより簡単かつ安定させ、強度を保つことが出来る。
【0016】
本発明の第3発明の建築物の要旨は、相対向する位置に配設された前記上部支持部材間に梁部材が架け渡されており、かつ該梁部材の上部に水平構造材が敷き並べられて構成されていることを特徴とした第1発明或いは第2発明の積層体によるパネル構造建築物である。
【0017】
前述の第3発明の建築物に於いては、相対向する位置に配置された上部支持部材間に梁部材が架け渡されているので、上部支持部材を介して支持されている壁パネルで形成される相対向する壁面を相互に安定した状態で固定することが出来ると共に、水平構造材が必要とする支持スパンを任意に決定することが出来る。また、相対向する上部支持部材に架け渡された梁部材上に建築用途に合わせた水平構造材を敷き並べることによって、床面を簡単に構成することが出来る。
【0018】
本発明の第4発明の建築物の要旨は、下階に配置された前記上部支持部材と上階に配置された下部支持部材とが互いに平板或いは曲げもの等よりなる繋ぎ金具を介して結合されて構成されていることを特徴とした第1発明乃至第3発明の積層体によるパネル構造建築物である。
【0019】
前述の第4発明の建築物に於いては、下階或いは上階に配置された上部支持部材と下部支持部材とは、平板或いは曲げもの等による繋ぎ金具で相互に結合されているので、これ等の上部支持部材、下部支持部材及び繋ぎ金具を用いて前記壁パネルを上下方向に繋ぎ合わせることが出来る。これによって、多層建築物を簡単に組立構成することが出来る。
【0020】
本発明の第5発明の要旨は、前記建築物の複数の壁パネルに跨って開口された開口縁に断面が略コ字型の開口補強材が設けて構成されていることを特徴とした第1発明乃至第4発明の積層体によるパネル構造建築物である。
【0021】
前述の第5発明の建築物に於いては、複数の壁パネルに跨って開口された開口部の開口縁に、断面がコ字型の開口補強材が設けて構成されているので、開口部を体裁良く形成すると共に、開口部を補強することが出来る。そのために、壁パネルに跨って大きな開口部を簡単に設けることが出来る。
【0022】
【発明の実施の形態】
図により本発明に係る積層体によるパネル構造建築物の一実施例を具体的に説明すると、図1は本発明に係る積層体によるパネル構造建築物の一部切欠斜視説明図、図2(A),(B)は夫々繋ぎ金具を示す斜視図、図3は図1の積層体によるパネル構造建築物の要部の縦断面拡大図であって、L字型の上部支持部材2a,下部支持部材3aと図3(A)の繋ぎ金具を使用した場合の説明図、図4は図1の積層体によるパネル構造建築物の要部の縦断面拡大図であって、断面コ字型の上部支持部材2、下部支持部材3と図3(B)の繋ぎ金具を使用した場合の説明図である。
【0023】
図1乃至図4に於いて、1は本発明に使用される壁パネルである。この壁パネル1は、皮部とその内部に髄部または空洞を有するリグノセルロースを主成分とした複数の植物茎を並列にして形成したシート状物を複数枚積層して且つ少なくとも片面に表面材が一体化し、構成された積層体より形成されている。
【0024】
このように壁パネル1として使用される積層体のパネルは、一般的に、壁下地面材として施行し、その部屋外側に外装材、部屋内側に内装材を施すことで実用に供することになるが、この積層体のパネルは充分に強度を有するので、外装材や内装材には壁材として使用することが出来る。
【0025】
本発明で使用される壁パネル1の積層体を構成する植物茎としては、サトウキビ、トウモロコシ、イネ、ムギ、竹などが採用できるが、茎表皮が堅く通直で長い原料が採取しやすいコーリャンを用いた積層体パネルの実施例を示す。積層体のパネルの製造は、コーリャンを原料にした場合、積層体のパネルの製造は特開平1−280538号公報に開示された方法に準じて製造することができる。
【0026】
即ち、原料となる茎を圧縮、その後接着剤を含浸させ乾燥、茎を簾状に束ね再度接着剤にて積層し、表面と裏面に表面材を貼り、更に蒸気による熱圧プレス工程を経て行った。この積層体のパネルの表面材は、通常1〜5mmの単板(ベニヤレース、スライサー、またはベニヤソーによって木材を薄く切削した板)が使用されるが、釘保持力向上を目的として構造用合板等も使用でき、内装用途に石膏ボード等も使用出来る。また、植物茎を接着する際には、合板等に使用されるユリア系、ユリア・メラミン系、フェノール系、イソシアネート系等の接着剤が使用できる。
【0027】
前述の壁パネル1を構成する積層体のパネルは、原料にコーリャンの茎を用いる場合、接着剤の量または熱圧プレス時の圧縮率を変えることにより、比重を0.25〜0.60の範囲で変化させることができ、該比重の変化に応じ該積層体パネルの曲げ強度や曲げヤング係数等の構造特性を変えることができる。また、シート状物を3層以上とし、該シート状物の茎の方向を交互に公差させることで積層体の方向性がなくなり、どのような方向に支持させても使用できることになり、壁下地面剤としてより適したものになる。
【0028】
前記壁パネル1の上部及び下部は、夫々支持部材2と下部支持部材3とによって支持されている。これ等の上部支持部材2と下部支持部材3とは、図に示す如く、その断面型が略コ字型に形成されている。従って、これ等の支持部材2、3には、壁パネル1の上縁或いは下縁が嵌入し得るように構成されている。
【0029】
前記実施例では、上部支持部材2と下部支持部材3とを夫々断面コ字型に構成したが、図に示す如く、単にL字型に折り曲げた上部支持部材2aと下部支持部材3aも使用することが出来る。
【0030】
断面コ字型部材で形成される上部支持部材2と下部支持部材3は金属或いは樹脂でつくることができ、金属の場合はメッキを施すのが望ましい。厚みは部材に強度により決定されるが、金属の場合、0.5mmから3.2mmが使用できる。これ等の支持部材2、3と壁パネル1を一体化させるために釘4は、ビスでもよい。一体化をより強固にするため、釘4を室外・室内両面から打ち込んでもよい。
【0031】
図に示す如く、断面コ字型部材である上部支持部材2と下部支持部材3とを壁パネル1の上下に、釘4を部屋外側から打ち込むことにより、壁パネル1は断面コ字型部材である上部支持部材2と下部支持部材3にそれぞれ一体化することが出来る。
【0032】
上部支持部材2の長さは通常建築物の壁面の長さより短く、上部支持部材2が不連続となる箇所が生じる。壁面四周にわたって上部支持部材2を連続化するために、接合部材として平板8または上部支持部材2を挟み込むことのできる広さを持つ、長さ50mm〜200mmの断面コ字型部材を上部支持部材2の不連続となる箇所に重ね、部屋外側から釘等を打ち込む。このことにより壁パネル1の上部は四周に亘って連結され水平に配された上部支持部材2に支持された構造となり、壁パネル1によって構成される建築物は強固になり地震などに耐えることができるようになる。
【0033】
図に示すように、該断面コ字型部材である上部支持部材2と水平構造材である上下水平スラブ5(最下層の水平構造材は基礎コンクリート)をビス6,7等により緊結することにより、壁面としての壁パネル1と上下水平スラブ5とを一体化し、堅固なパネル構造体を構成することが出来る。
【0034】
この場合の水平スラブ5は、JASに規定される構造合板やJISに規定されるパーティクル若しくはJASに規定される構造用パネルを一般的に採用できるが、前記壁パネル1を水平スラブ5として使用してもよい。また、JISに規定されるALCパネルでもよい。
【0035】
水平スラブ5の構造的に必要とする支持スパンが、相対向する上部支持部材2の相互間より短い場合は、相対向する上部支持部材2の相互間に梁部材を架け渡し、その上部に水平スラブ5を敷き並べる。この梁部材は、材料としてはどのような材料を使用してもよいが、釘4やビス6,7の施工性を考慮して木質系または鋼製を用いるのが好ましい。
【0036】
ビス6は水平スラブ5の上面より該断面コ字型部材である上部支持部材2を貫通するように施工する。ビス7は該断面コ字型部材である下部支持部材3を貫通し水平スラブ5に定着させる。このときビス7は、上階の壁パネル1に支持させる断面コ字型部材である下部支持部材3及び水平スラブ5を同時に貫通して、下階の壁パネル3を支持する断面コ字型部材である上部支持部材2まで貫通させる方が、上下階の壁パネル1の一体化を促進することが出来るので、より望ましい。
【0037】
パネル構造体が複層階にまたがるときは、下階上部の断面コ字型の上部支持部材2と上階下部の断面コ字型の下部支持部材3とが、地震力により水平ずれが生じないように後述の繋ぎ金具を介して結合することは、堅固なパネル構造体を構成するのに更に好ましいことである。
【0038】
前述のような上部支持部材2と下部支持部材3とを相互に繋ぎ合わせる金具としては、特に、図2(A),(B)に示すような平板状の平板繋ぎ金物(繋ぎ部材)9a或いは曲げもので形成した曲げ物繋ぎ金物(繋ぎ部材)9b等を使用することが出来る。これ等の繋ぎ金物9a,9bは金属、樹脂等の材料で作ることが出来る。金属材を使用した場合には、メッキを施すのが望ましい。
【0039】
壁パネル1に窓用などとして設けた開口部の内縁に沿って、本実施形態の上部支持部材2や下部支持部材3を開口補強材10として使用することで、釘等によりこの開口補強材10を壁パネル1に結合する。この開口補強材10は前述の上下支持部材2,3に使用する断面コ字型部材と併用することができる。開口補強材10を使用することによって切り込まれた隣接する壁パネル1同士を一体化させて堅固な開口補強構造を構成することが出来る。
【0040】
【発明の効果】
本発明に係る積層体によるパネル構造建築物は、前述の如き構造と作用とを有するので、次のような多大な効果を有している。
【0041】
本発明に係るパネル構造建築物は、壁パネルが従来の同種建材と比べても非常に軽量である。加えて、壁パネルの縁を従来のような枠材で縁取りしていないので、建築現場などにおいて寸法的な変更や仕様変更が生じた場合でも、定尺で現場搬入した壁パネルを自在に変更サイズに合わせて裁断し、その裁断面に上部支持部材または下部支持部材を結合して縁取ることができる。したがって、そのようにして現場での変更などに自在に対応できるので、非常に能率的なパネル構造建築物を建築することができ、工事の納期を大幅に短縮でき、また工事コストも削減できる。
【0042】
また、壁パネルは上部支持部材、下部支持部材、平板、繋ぎ金具等を使用することによって、複数の壁パネルを順に連結して種々の構造の建築物の壁面を簡単かつ安定した状態で強固に構成することが出来る。かつ、これ等の支持部材、平板、繋ぎ金具等は釘ビス等を介して壁パネル或いは水平スラブに取付けることが出来る。
【0043】
相対向する上部支持部材間に梁部材を架け渡した場合には、水平構造材が必要とする支持スパンを任意に決定することが出来、建築用途に合わせた様々な水平スラブを採用することが出来ると共に、相対向する壁面を強固に固定して建築物を丈夫にすることが出来る。
【0044】
かつ、下階の上部支持部材と上階の下部支持部材とは夫々繋ぎ金具によって簡単に連結することが出来るので、地震力等によって建物の水平ずれが生ずることを防止出来、堅固なパネル構造体を構築することが出来る。
【0045】
前述のように、壁パネルは任意の位置で切断が出来るので、現場段階で開口位置を変更したり、大きな開口部を設けたり、或いは小開口部を追加することが出来る。そしてこれ等の開口部は開口補強材を用いることによって、開口部並びにその回りの壁パネルよりなる壁面を補強することが出来る。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明に係る積層体によるパネル構造建築物の一部切欠斜視説明図である。
【図2】図2(A),(B)は夫々繋ぎ金具を示す斜視図である。
【図3】図1の積層体によるパネル構造建築物の要部の縦断面拡大図であって、L字型の上部支持部材2a,下部支持部材3aと図3(A)の繋ぎ金具を使用した場合の説明図である。
【図4】図1の積層体によるパネル構造建築物の要部の縦断面拡大図であって、断面コ字型の上部支持部材2、下部支持部材3と図3(B)の繋ぎ金具を使用した場合の説明図である。
【符号の説明】
1 壁パネル
2,2a 上部支持部材
3,3a 下部支持部材
4 釘
5 水平スラブ
6,7 ビス
8 平板
9a 平板繋ぎ金物
9b 曲げ物繋ぎ金物
10 開口補強材
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a structural form of a building using a wall panel made of a laminate, and in particular, a plurality of wall panels formed of a laminate are juxtaposed in a lateral direction, and these wall panels are used as lower support members. It is related with the panel structure building comprised by supporting with an upper support member.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Many conventional wooden houses are constructed with a large wall structure with pillars sandwiched between exterior and interior materials, or floors and walls in which structural materials such as structural plywood are nailed to a frame constructed of structural materials. It is built with a framed wall construction method.
[0003]
In recent years, “panels for architectural walls” have been adopted in the frame construction method and the frame construction method for the purpose of saving labor and improving structural strength. Many panels for building walls are certified in the wooden house rationalization certification system of the Japan Housing and Wooden Technology Center. Many of the panels for building walls are panels in which frame materials, face materials, and heat insulating materials (some may be omitted) are integrated at a factory. In order to obtain good habitability and durability, the structural frame has been systematized so that heat insulation, ventilation, sound insulation, ventilation, moisture proof, and dew proof can be stably secured in both materials and construction. .
[0004]
In addition, as shown in, for example, Japanese Patent Publication No. 7-96802, a structural housing different from the conventional frame wall construction method, that is, a panel in which a foamed plastic is sandwiched between relatively thin and high strength plates is structured. A sandwich panel structure used as a material has also been developed.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, since the above-mentioned building wall panel is previously integrated with a frame material, a face material, and a heat insulating material at a factory, various restrictions and inconveniences may occur. Many Japanese houses are made to order, and it is difficult to standardize all building components. As a result, the specifications of panels for building walls are diversified, the merit of mechanization and mass production cannot be fully demonstrated, and manual production and on-site processing increase, and in some cases the cost may be higher than conventional methods. there were.
[0006]
In addition, the above-mentioned dimensions of the building panel have a height of about one floor (about 2.7 m) and a width of about 1.2 m, so it costs transportation costs and the building panel is installed on site. There was a problem that crane construction was essential.
[0007]
For this reason, there are problems that the transportation cost and the construction cost become very expensive, and that it is difficult to construct a building by adopting the above-mentioned building panel when the site is narrow. In addition, each panel has a frame that doubles as a decorative material and a reinforcing material, and the edges of each panel are joined and trimmed. Can't cut. That is, the appearance and strength of the cut surface where the frame material that cuts the panel down to the size of the site is lost, and the panel cannot be cut conveniently. For this reason, it is difficult to deal with on-site work such as addition or change of a small opening, and conversely, there is a problem that the number of construction man-hours increases and it takes time.
[0008]
The panel structure building by the laminated body according to the present invention is a completely new technology developed in view of the above-mentioned conventional problems, and in particular, a plurality of wall panels made of the laminated body are provided with a lower support member and an upper support. Providing completely new panel-structured building technology that supports buildings and supports buildings, and can be used for simple site changes without using a crane. To do.
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
A representative panel structure building according to the present invention is formed by laminating a plurality of sheet-like objects formed by juxtaposing a plurality of plant stems having a skin portion mainly composed of lignocellulose and a porous medulla portion, and at least the A wall panel that is made of a laminate in which a surface material is integrally laminated on one side and can be cut into an arbitrary size,
An upper support member for connecting the left and right wall panels to each other by abutting across the upper edges of the left and right wall panels to be joined and joining with a fastening member;
A lower support member for connecting the left and right wall panels to each other by abutting across the lower edges of the left and right wall panels to be joined and joining with a fastening member;
When connecting the wall panels in the vertical direction, the upper support member coupled to the upper edge of the lower wall panel and the lower support member coupled to the lower edge of the upper wall panel are coupled together. A connecting member for,
It is characterized by including .
[0010]
In the first invention of the building described above, a plurality of wall panels used in the building are formed by arranging a plurality of plant stems having a skin portion mainly composed of lignocellulose and a porous medulla portion in parallel. Is formed by a laminate in which a surface material is integrally laminated on at least one surface thereof, so that the structural strength depends on the plant stem, and each wall panel has a structural material. Therefore, the wall panel can be cut at any place and the opening of the building can be easily formed at any place. Therefore, the restriction on the opening position of the building can be relaxed greatly.
[0011]
Further, since the wall panel is light and can be cut to an arbitrary size as a whole, it can be implemented even in a narrow place and without using a crane or the like. In addition, it is possible to easily construct a building having various floor plans and external shapes according to the wishes of the builder.
[0012]
The building according to the present invention has a plurality of wall panels having the above-mentioned configuration arranged in parallel in the horizontal direction, and supported by an upper support member and a lower support member on the upper and lower portions of these wall panels, respectively. Since it comprises, the whole structure is very simple and the building of various structures can be constructed easily and cheaply.
[0013]
Furthermore, when building the above-mentioned wall panels, it is necessary to form a lower support member that is long and continuous for several wall panels fixed on the lower structural material such as floor slabs or foundation concrete with screws or nails, for example. The lower part of the wall panel is inserted, and the wall panel and the lower support member are integrated with screws or nails. After the unidirectional wall is formed in this manner, the wall panel and the upper support member are integrated with a nail or the like by supporting the wall panel with an upper support member that is continuously long for several wall panels. . In this way, a unidirectional wall can be formed.
[0014]
A second invention of the building of the present invention is the panel structure building by the laminate of the first invention, wherein the upper support member and the lower support member are each formed of a U-shaped material in cross section.
[0015]
In the building of the second invention described above, the upper support member and the lower support member that support the upper and lower portions of the wall panel are each formed of a U-shaped cross section, so that the upper edge or the lower edge of the wall panel is formed. The edges can be fitted into the U-shaped openings of the upper and lower support members and can be stored in a stable state. Therefore, it is possible to more easily and stabilize the connection between the upper and lower support members and the wall panel and maintain the strength.
[0016]
The gist of the building of the third invention of the present invention is that a beam member is bridged between the upper support members disposed at opposing positions, and a horizontal structural member is laid on the beam member. It is a panel structure building by the laminated body of 1st invention or 2nd invention characterized by being comprised.
[0017]
In the building of the above-mentioned third invention, the beam member is bridged between the upper support members arranged at opposite positions, so that it is formed by the wall panel supported through the upper support member. The mutually opposed wall surfaces can be fixed in a stable state, and the support span required by the horizontal structural member can be arbitrarily determined. Moreover, a floor surface can be easily configured by laying a horizontal structural material suitable for a building application on a beam member spanned between opposing upper support members.
[0018]
The gist of the building of the fourth invention of the present invention is that the upper support member arranged on the lower floor and the lower support member arranged on the upper floor are coupled to each other via a connecting metal fitting made of a flat plate or a bent material. It is a panel structure building by the laminated body of the 1st invention thru | or 3rd invention characterized by being comprised.
[0019]
In the above-mentioned building of the fourth invention, the upper support member and the lower support member arranged on the lower floor or the upper floor are connected to each other by a connecting metal fitting such as a flat plate or a bent object. The wall panels can be connected in the vertical direction using an upper support member, a lower support member, and a connecting bracket. Thereby, a multilayer building can be easily assembled and constructed.
[0020]
The gist of the fifth invention of the present invention is characterized in that the opening edge opened across the plurality of wall panels of the building is provided with an opening reinforcing material having a substantially U-shaped cross section. It is the panel structure building by the laminated body of 1st invention thru | or 4th invention.
[0021]
In the above-mentioned building of the fifth invention, the opening edge of the opening that extends across the plurality of wall panels is provided with an opening reinforcing material having a U-shaped cross section. Can be formed with good appearance and the opening can be reinforced. Therefore, a large opening can be easily provided across the wall panel.
[0022]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
FIG. 1 is a partially cutaway perspective view of a panel structure building according to the present invention, FIG. 2 (A). ) And (B) are perspective views showing the connecting metal fittings, respectively, and FIG. 3 is an enlarged longitudinal sectional view of the main part of the panel structure building by the laminate of FIG. 1, and is an L-shaped upper support member 2 a and lower support. FIG. 4 is an explanatory view when the member 3a and the connecting metal fitting of FIG. 3 (A) are used, and FIG. 4 is an enlarged vertical cross-sectional view of the main part of the panel structure building by the laminate of FIG. It is explanatory drawing at the time of using the connecting member of the supporting member 2, the lower supporting member 3, and FIG. 3 (B).
[0023]
1 to 4, reference numeral 1 denotes a wall panel used in the present invention. This wall panel 1 is formed by laminating a plurality of sheet-like materials formed by juxtaposing a plurality of plant stems mainly composed of lignocellulose having a skin portion and a medulla portion or a cavity inside thereof, and a surface material on at least one surface Are formed from a laminated body constituted.
[0024]
Thus, the panel of the laminated body used as the wall panel 1 is generally enforced as a wall base material, and is practically used by applying an exterior material on the outside of the room and an interior material on the inside of the room. However, since the panel of this laminated body has sufficient strength, it can be used as a wall material for exterior materials and interior materials.
[0025]
As the plant stalk constituting the laminate of the wall panel 1 used in the present invention, sugarcane, corn, rice, wheat, bamboo, etc. can be adopted, but the sorghum is hard and straight and long colander is easy to collect. The Example of the used laminated body panel is shown. The production of the laminated panel can be carried out in accordance with the method disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 1-2080538, when collan is used as a raw material.
[0026]
That is, compress the stem as a raw material, then impregnate the adhesive and dry it, bind the stem in a bowl shape, laminate it again with the adhesive, paste the surface material on the front and back, and then go through the hot press process with steam It was. As the surface material of the panel of this laminate, a single plate of 1 to 5 mm (a veneer lace, slicer, or veneer saw thinly cut from wood) is used. Can also be used, and plasterboard can be used for interior use. Further, when bonding plant stems, urea-based, urea-melamine-based, phenol-based, isocyanate-based adhesives used for plywood and the like can be used.
[0027]
The panel of the laminate constituting the wall panel 1 described above has a specific gravity of 0.25 to 0.60 by changing the amount of the adhesive or the compression ratio at the time of hot-pressing when the sorghum stalk is used as a raw material. The structural properties such as bending strength and bending Young's modulus of the laminate panel can be changed according to the change in specific gravity. In addition, the sheet-like material has three or more layers, and the orientation of the stem of the sheet-like material is allowed to alternate, so that the directionality of the laminated body is lost, and it can be used in any direction and can be used under the wall. It becomes more suitable as a ground agent.
[0028]
The upper and lower portions of the wall panel 1 are supported by a support member 2 and a lower support member 3, respectively. The upper support member 2 and the lower support member 3 have a substantially U-shaped cross section as shown in the figure. Accordingly, the upper and lower edges of the wall panel 1 can be fitted into these support members 2 and 3.
[0029]
In the above embodiment, the upper support member 2 and the lower support member 3 are each formed in a U-shaped cross section, but as shown in the figure, an upper support member 2a and a lower support member 3a that are simply bent in an L shape are also used. I can do it.
[0030]
The upper support member 2 and the lower support member 3 formed of U-shaped members can be made of metal or resin, and in the case of metal, it is desirable to perform plating. The thickness is determined by the strength of the member, but in the case of metal, 0.5 mm to 3.2 mm can be used. In order to integrate these support members 2 and 3 and the wall panel 1, the nail 4 may be a screw. In order to make the integration stronger, the nail 4 may be driven from both the outdoor side and the indoor side.
[0031]
As shown in the figure, the wall panel 1 is a U-shaped member by driving the upper support member 2 and the lower support member 3 which are U-shaped members up and down the wall panel 1 and nails 4 from outside the room. Each of the upper support member 2 and the lower support member 3 can be integrated.
[0032]
The length of the upper support member 2 is usually shorter than the length of the wall surface of the building, and there are places where the upper support member 2 is discontinuous. In order to make the upper support member 2 continuous over the four circumferences of the wall surface, a cross-sectional U-shaped member having a length capable of sandwiching the flat plate 8 or the upper support member 2 as a joining member and having a length of 50 mm to 200 mm is used as the upper support member 2. Put it on the discontinuous part and drive nails from the outside of the room. As a result, the upper portion of the wall panel 1 has a structure supported by the upper support member 2 that is connected over the four circumferences and is horizontally disposed, and the building constituted by the wall panel 1 becomes strong and can withstand earthquakes and the like. become able to.
[0033]
As shown in the figure, the upper support member 2 that is the U-shaped cross-section member and the upper and lower horizontal slab 5 that is the horizontal structural material (the lowermost horizontal structural material is the basic concrete) are fastened with screws 6, 7 and the like. The wall panel 1 as the wall surface and the upper and lower horizontal slabs 5 can be integrated to form a rigid panel structure.
[0034]
As the horizontal slab 5 in this case, a structural plywood defined in JAS, a particle defined in JIS, or a structural panel defined in JAS can be generally used. However, the wall panel 1 is used as the horizontal slab 5. May be. Moreover, the ALC panel prescribed | regulated to JIS may be sufficient.
[0035]
When the structurally required support span of the horizontal slab 5 is shorter than between the upper support members 2 facing each other, a beam member is bridged between the upper support members 2 facing each other, and the horizontal slab 5 Lay out slabs 5. Any material may be used for this beam member, but it is preferable to use a wooden or steel material in consideration of the workability of the nails 4 and screws 6 and 7.
[0036]
The screw 6 is constructed so as to penetrate the upper support member 2 which is a U-shaped member in cross section from the upper surface of the horizontal slab 5. The screw 7 passes through the lower support member 3 which is a U-shaped member in cross section and is fixed to the horizontal slab 5. At this time, the screw 7 passes through the lower support member 3 and the horizontal slab 5 which are U-shaped cross-section members supported by the wall panel 1 on the upper floor at the same time, and the U-shaped cross-section members that support the lower wall panel 3. It is more desirable to penetrate to the upper support member 2 because the integration of the wall panels 1 on the upper and lower floors can be promoted.
[0037]
When the panel structure spans multiple floors, the upper support member 2 having a U-shaped cross section at the upper part of the lower floor and the lower support member 3 having a U-shaped cross section at the lower part of the upper floor do not cause horizontal displacement due to seismic force. As described above, it is more preferable to form a firm panel structure by connecting them through a connecting fitting described later.
[0038]
As the metal fitting for connecting the upper support member 2 and the lower support member 3 to each other as described above, in particular, a flat plate connecting metal (connecting member) 9a as shown in FIGS. 2 (A) and 2 (B) It is possible to use a bent object joint (connecting member) 9b formed of a bent object. These metal fittings 9a and 9b can be made of a material such as metal or resin. When a metal material is used, it is desirable to perform plating.
[0039]
By using the upper support member 2 and the lower support member 3 of the present embodiment as the opening reinforcing material 10 along the inner edge of the opening provided for the window or the like in the wall panel 1 , this opening reinforcing material 10 can be obtained by a nail or the like. Is coupled to the wall panel 1. The opening reinforcing member 10 can be used in combination with the U-shaped member in cross section used for the upper and lower support members 2 and 3 described above. By using the opening reinforcing member 10, the adjacent wall panels 1 cut into each other can be integrated to form a firm opening reinforcing structure.
[0040]
【The invention's effect】
Since the panel structure building by the laminated body which concerns on this invention has the above structures and an effect | action, it has the following great effects.
[0041]
In the panel structure building according to the present invention , the wall panel is very light even when compared with conventional similar building materials. In addition, since the edges of the wall panel are not trimmed with conventional frame materials, the wall panel brought in on the site at a fixed scale can be freely changed even when dimensional changes or specification changes occur at the construction site. It cuts according to a size, an upper support member or a lower support member can be combined with the cut surface, and can be bordered. Therefore, since it can be freely adapted to changes at the site in this way, a very efficient panel structure building can be constructed, construction delivery time can be greatly shortened, and construction costs can be reduced.
[0042]
In addition, the wall panel uses an upper support member, a lower support member, a flat plate, a connecting metal fitting, etc., so that a plurality of wall panels are connected in order and the walls of buildings of various structures are easily and stably strengthened. Can be configured. In addition, these supporting members, flat plates, connecting fittings, and the like can be attached to a wall panel or a horizontal slab via a nail screw or the like.
[0043]
When a beam member is bridged between the upper support members facing each other, the support span required by the horizontal structural material can be arbitrarily determined, and various horizontal slabs adapted to the building application can be adopted. In addition, the building can be made strong by firmly fixing the opposing walls.
[0044]
In addition, since the upper support member on the lower floor and the lower support member on the upper floor can be easily connected to each other by connecting metal fittings, it is possible to prevent horizontal displacement of the building due to seismic force, etc., and a robust panel structure Can be built.
[0045]
As described above, since the wall panel can be cut at an arbitrary position, the opening position can be changed at the site stage, a large opening can be provided, or a small opening can be added. And these opening parts can reinforce the wall surface which consists of an opening part and the surrounding wall panel by using an opening reinforcement material.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a partially cutaway perspective explanatory view of a panel structure building made of a laminate according to the present invention.
FIGS. 2A and 2B are perspective views showing connecting metal fittings, respectively.
FIG. 3 is an enlarged vertical cross-sectional view of the main part of the panel structure building by the laminate of FIG. 1, using an L-shaped upper support member 2a, lower support member 3a and the connecting bracket of FIG. 3 (A). FIG.
4 is an enlarged vertical cross-sectional view of a main part of the panel structure building by the laminate of FIG. 1, and includes an upper support member 2 and a lower support member 3 having a U-shaped cross section and the connecting metal fitting of FIG. 3 (B). It is explanatory drawing at the time of using.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Wall panel 2,2a Upper support member 3,3a Lower support member 4 Nail 5 Horizontal slab 6,7 Screw 8 Flat plate 9a Flat plate joint 9b Bent piece joint 10 Opening reinforcement

Claims (5)

リグノセルロースを主体とする皮部と多孔性の髄部とを有する植物茎を複数並列して形成した複数のシート状物を積層しかつ少なくともその片面に表面材が一体的に積層された積層体よりなって任意の大きさに切断可能な壁パネルと、
接合される左右の前記壁パネルの各上縁に跨って当接させて締結部材で結合することによって前記左右の壁パネルどうしを互いに接続するための上部支持部材と、
接合される左右の前記壁パネルの各下縁に跨って当接させて締結部材で結合することによって前記左右の壁パネルどうしを互いに接続するための下部支持部材と、
前記壁パネルを上下方向に連接する場合に、下側の壁パネルの上縁に結合した前記上部支持部材と上側の壁パネルの下縁に結合した前記下部支持部材とを共締めして結合するための繋ぎ部材と、
を含んで構成されることを特徴とする積層体によるパネル構造建築物
A laminate in which a plurality of sheet-like materials formed by juxtaposing a plurality of plant stems having a skin portion mainly composed of lignocellulose and a porous medulla are laminated and a surface material is integrally laminated on at least one surface thereof. A wall panel that can be cut into any size
An upper support member for connecting the left and right wall panels to each other by abutting across the upper edges of the left and right wall panels to be joined and joining with a fastening member;
A lower support member for connecting the left and right wall panels to each other by abutting across the lower edges of the left and right wall panels to be joined and joining with a fastening member;
When connecting the wall panels in the vertical direction, the upper support member coupled to the upper edge of the lower wall panel and the lower support member coupled to the lower edge of the upper wall panel are coupled together. A connecting member for,
The panel structure building by the laminated body characterized by including .
前記上部支持部材及び下部支持部材が夫々断面コ字型材で形成されていることを特徴とした請求項1の積層体によるパネル構造建築物。  The panel structure building according to claim 1, wherein the upper support member and the lower support member are each formed of a U-shaped cross-section material. 相対向する位置に配設された前記上部支持部材間に梁部材が架け渡されており、かつ該梁部材の上部に水平構造材が敷き並べられて構成されていることを特徴とした請求項1或いは請求項2の積層体によるパネル構造建築物。  A beam member is bridged between the upper support members disposed at positions facing each other, and a horizontal structural member is laid on top of the beam member. The panel structure building by the laminated body of 1 or 3. 下階に配置された前記上部支持部材と上階に配置された下部支持部材とが互いに平板或いは曲げもの等よりなる繋ぎ金具を介して結合されて構成されていることを特徴とした請求項1乃至請求項3の積層体によるパネル構造建築物。  2. The upper support member disposed on the lower floor and the lower support member disposed on the upper floor are coupled to each other via a connecting bracket made of a flat plate or a bent material. The panel structure building by the laminated body of thru | or 3. 前記建築物の複数の壁パネルに跨って開口された開口縁に断面が略コ字型の開口補強材が設けて構成されていることを特徴とした請求項1乃至請求項4の積層体によるパネル構造建築物。  The laminated body according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein an opening reinforcing material having a substantially U-shaped cross section is provided at an opening edge that extends over a plurality of wall panels of the building. Panel structure building.
JP02700199A 1999-02-04 1999-02-04 Panel structure building with laminate Expired - Lifetime JP3984386B2 (en)

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