JP3979571B2 - Livestock manure processing system - Google Patents
Livestock manure processing system Download PDFInfo
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- JP3979571B2 JP3979571B2 JP2002057472A JP2002057472A JP3979571B2 JP 3979571 B2 JP3979571 B2 JP 3979571B2 JP 2002057472 A JP2002057472 A JP 2002057472A JP 2002057472 A JP2002057472 A JP 2002057472A JP 3979571 B2 JP3979571 B2 JP 3979571B2
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
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Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、牛及び豚等の家畜が***する糞尿を簡単な構造の処理施設を用いて安価に処理が出来て、ほぼ完全に各種産業資材として、リサイクル利用を可能にした糞尿処理システムに関する。。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
例えば、多頭飼育の乳用牛牛舎においては、各牛がストールを介して繋がれているので糞尿は、混合してバン・クリーナシステム等によって集められ、スクリュープレス等の固液分離機にかけられて糞と尿に分けられ、糞は堆肥施設に運ばれ、尿は尿貯留槽に流入させて一時的に貯留した後に農地への散布又は河川放流水質基準に適合すれば、河川等へ放流するのが一般的であった。
糞と尿は、一応分離されるが完全な分離ではなく、高性能のフィルタープレス機であっても2%程度、通常のスクリュープレス及びロールプレスでは10%程度の糞が尿液に混入しているのが実態である。
この糞が除去されないと尿液の多様なリサイクル活用も困難であり、また、河川等への放流についても放流水質基準に達しない。
従来、この糞尿液を活性汚泥処理後に無機質系又は高分子系の凝集剤を添加してフロックを形成して浮上又は沈降処理されているが、設備が複雑でランニングコストが高価である。
従ってこの糞尿液について、今日まで低コストで効率的な処理方法が開発されていないのが現状であった。
【0003】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、従来の処理方式に活用されていなかった「強酸性」及び「強アルカリ」資材を利用して、機械的固液分離後の糞尿液から、さらに尿と糞とに分離するとともに、尿から有機物を除去し、加えて、分離された上澄み液及び糞について、リサイクル製品化を図り、有益な利用・活用機能を発揮した後に最終的に全て「土壌」に還元するシステムの提供を目的とする。
【0004】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は、家畜の糞尿混合物から有機物質を除去する方法として、請求項1に記載したように、家畜の糞と尿とが混合して排出された糞尿混合物を機械的分離手段にて固形糞と糞尿液に分離し、この分離された糞尿液に、鉱石を酸性水溶液にて溶解して得られた酸性資材を混合して糞尿液を酸性にし、次にアルカリ性資材を添加して上記糞尿酸性液をアルカリ性にすることにより、糞尿液に混合又は溶解して存在していた有機及び無機成分を沈殿分離する糞尿処理システムとした。
【0005】
ここで酸性資材は、花崗岩等の酸性鉱石を硫酸等の強酸性水溶液に溶解させて得たものをいう。
酸性鉱石を溶解する酸は、この硫酸又は塩酸に限定されるものでは無いが、硫酸を用いると、酸性鉱石を紛状にしたものを濃硫酸に入れ、水で希釈すると自然発熱するので加温しなくても溶解反応が進行する。
また、希釈倍率は用途に合わせて任意に調整されるが、実用的にはpH0.5〜1.0にするのが好ましい。
【0006】
酸性資材の製造に供される他の鉱石としては、「石英片岩」(主産地:岐阜県)ケイ酸塩及びアルミナが多く含有する「戸室石」(主産地:石川県)、「蛭石」(主産地:福島県)、全国で産出される「珪藻土」が上げられる。
【0007】
本発明に用いられるアルカリ性資材は、上記強酸性水溶液にて処理した糞尿液に添加して強アルカリ性側に戻すのが第一の目的である。
従って、アルカリ性に戻すことが出来るものであれば石灰及び苛性ソーダに限定されるものでは無いが、実用的には安価に入手出来、後で肥料に再利用しやすい石灰が好ましい。
【0008】
請求項1に記載した糞尿液処理システムを用いて、家畜から***される糞と尿の混合物から上澄み液と沈殿物とを分離して、上澄み液及び沈殿物をそれぞれ産業資材として利用することにより、最終的には、全て「土壌」に還元する処理システムの提供を目的にされた発明が請求項6に記載の発明である。
即ち、請求項1記載の機械的分離手段にて得られた固形糞を堆肥化手段にて堆肥使用し、糞尿液を処理して得られた上澄み液を液体肥料又は土壌改良材等の産業資材に利用し、上記糞尿液を処理して得られた沈殿物を肥料用資材、堆肥化資材、あるいは、培養土資材等の産業資材に利用するリサイクル型糞尿処理システムとした。
【0009】
上記のリサイクル型糞尿処理システムを、例えば、牛舎から排出される糞尿の例にて示したのが図1及び図2に示す処理システム例である。
図1は、糞尿液の処理を共同施設で行う場合で、図2は、この糞尿液処理を各畜産農家で処理する場合の例である。
酪農家の畜舎から、バン・クリーナシステム等によって集められた糞と尿の混合物は、スクリュープレス等にて機械的に固形分と液体分に分離される(以下、第1次糞・尿分離という)。
この場合に、固形分として取り出される糞の含水率は、約70〜80%程度になる。
これを堆肥施設に運び、若干の水分調整資材を混合し、自然発酵させ、堆肥として再利用される。
なお、この堆肥施設は、一般的に牛舎施設として整備されている場合が多い。
【0010】
一方、この第1次糞・尿分離にて得られた糞尿液には、なお糞が約10%程度含まれている場合が殆どである。これを糞尿液貯留槽に一時的に貯留される。
これを図1に示すように、共同施設で処理する場合には、その糞尿液処理槽に運搬移送し、図2に示すように各畜産農家で処理する場合には、その糞尿液処理槽に移送し、酸性資材を投入し、撹拌後にpHを確認し、アルカリ資材を投入して、強アルカリ性になるようにする。
すると、糞尿液から糞の固形分及び糞尿液中に溶解していた炭水化物、蛋白質や脂肪類がヘドロ状に沈殿分離してくる。
【0011】
上澄み液は強アルカリ性を示すが、上記の処理により無菌、無臭の透明な液体となり、液肥原料等として図1に示すように再利用出来る。
なお、pH調整が必要な場合には、本発明における酸性資材を活用することができ、土壌改良資材(水成石灰)として利用できる。
また、他の成分を添加調整して殺菌剤、除草剤、消臭剤への利用も可能である。
【0012】
固・液再分離にて沈殿したヘドロ状有機物は、一部糞尿液の再利用又は堆肥醗酵促進資材に再利用出来るとともに、乾燥させることにより、有機石灰肥料や、配合肥料原料に利用できる。
また、堆肥、珪藻土、戸室石等を混合することにより、培養土、土壌化資材等として利用できる。
【0013】
図1に示したように、固・液再分離工程は、各酪農家にて実施してもよいが、複数の酪農家から回収して集中的に処理できる処理装置を設けると、より効果的で経済的である。
その後の産業資材への再利用においても、それぞれの専門分野の企業がサポートすることが、本発明のリサイクル型糞尿処理システムの効果的運用に結び付く。
【0014】
本発明においては、鉱石から抽出した酸性資材とアルカリ資材としての石灰を用いて再度、糞尿液に含まれている糞及び有機成分を分離することによって、上澄み部分は河川放流水質基準以下に浄化し、無臭・無菌・透明で有機成分を殆ど含まない液体に変質させるように作用する。
この液体のpHは、12〜13の強アルカリ性液であるが、リサイクルの用途に応じて必要な場合には、再度、酸性資材を添加することによってpHの調整ができる。
【0015】
分離、沈殿したヘドロ部分には、乾燥させると窒素・燐酸・加里等の肥料成分は乾物換算で1%前後含有している。
また、石灰の残渣が混合しているので、この特徴を活用して多様な用途の開発が可能となる。
【0016】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明の望ましい実施の形態を説明するが、まず、処理工程の流れを説明する。
機械的に糞・尿を分離した糞尿液を糞尿貯留槽から糞尿処理槽に移す(以下、処理原液という)。
次に、図3の酸性及びアルカリ性資材投入比率によるpH及び沈殿率の比較調査結果に示すように、処理原液にpH0.5〜1.0の酸性資材を処理原液の2.0%〜3.5%を混入し、撹拌することによって処理液の均質化を促進し、pH3.0〜3.5のヘドロ状の処理液となる。
ここで、酸性資材は、次のように製造した。
戸室石を紛状に粉砕し、これに約同重量の濃硫酸を加えて撹拌混合する。
次に、先の混合液と重量にして約同量の珪藻土処理水を添加すると発熱反応し、溶解したものを珪藻土処理水をさらに約10〜15倍量加えて、pH0.5〜1.0に調整して酸性資材を得た。
上記処理液にアルカリ性資材としての石灰を処理液の2.0%〜3.5%を混入し、撹拌することにって処理液の均質化を促進し、図3に示すようにpH11〜13のアルカリ性の処理液となった。
処理液は、30分〜2時間後に処理槽の中で固形部分は、分離・沈殿し、液体成分は、透明で無菌の上澄み液となって分離した。
図3にて、SV30が所定量の糞尿液にそれぞれ所定割合の酸性資材とアルカリ性資材を投入後30分経過時の沈殿量を、SV60が60分経過時の沈殿量を比較調査した値を示す。
なお、図3におけるSV30及びSV60の数値は、1000ml当たりの糞尿液に対する下に形成した沈殿層の容量を示す。
この上澄み液を測定した結果、BOD及びSS等が河川の水質基準濃度以下であった。
分離した上澄み部分と、分離・沈殿したヘドロ状部分は、各々別の取り出し口から取り出し、リサイクルの用途に応じて容器に移し替える。
上澄み液について、pHを調節する必要がある場合には、処理槽から取り出した後のリサイクル用途に対応して、酸性資材を添加する。
なお、処理後の上澄み液が無菌・無臭となるのは、強酸性及び強アルカリ性資材の使用によって糞尿中の微生物が死滅することによるものである。
【0017】
次に、必要な処理施設について説明する。
(ア)第1次糞・尿分離施設
機械的処理により、糞と尿を分離する。糞は、水分率75%程度になる。
尿は、10%程度の固形物(糞)を含んだ液となり、従来の方法では処理の極めて困難な糞尿液となる。
(イ)糞尿液貯留槽
固・液分離した糞尿液は、この貯留槽に貯留される。糞尿液貯留槽は、牛舎の基本施設の一部であり、一般的に牛舎施設として建設されている。
既設の牛舎を利用する場合には、新しい処理方法による必要な処理能力に、つい、十分検討して既施設と新規追加施設との整合性のある設計がされなければならない。
一般的に糞尿液貯留槽の容量は、飼養頭数・1頭当たり1日の尿***量(畜舎清掃用水を含む)・貯留期間によって計算できるが、糞尿の最終的な活用方法・処理槽の容量・利用回転日数・処理能力等の整合性を十分に考慮して設定されなければならない。
(ウ)堆肥施設
機械的に糞尿分離された糞の部分は、水分75%程度の糞となって堆肥施設に運ばれ、自然醗酵して堆肥化される。
堆肥施設は、一般的に牛舎施設として整備されている。
(エ)糞尿液処理槽
糞尿液処理槽は、貯留槽からくみ出された処理原液を強酸性資材及び強アルカリ性資材を混入して、撹拌、沈殿ができ、糞尿液中の固形物を分離する施設である。
【0018】
【発明の効果】
本発明においては、糞尿液に天然に産出する鉱石を酸性溶液に溶解させて添加することにより、これら鉱石に含まれるケイ酸イオンやアルミイオン等を中心に複合化された各種イオンの働きにより、処理原液中から固形分を分離し、河川等への放流基準以下に清浄度を上げることができる。
また、酸性資材及びアルカリ性資材も天然に産出するものである。
従って、これらを添加して沈殿分離させた有機物等の固形分も上澄み液に残留している成分も天然成分である。
即ち、上記にて得られた上澄み液や固形分を図1又は図2に示した各種産業資材として再利用することにより、全て最終的には土壌に還元出来ることになる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明に係る糞尿のリサイクル型処理システムにおいて、糞尿液処理を共同施設で行う場合の例を示す。
【図2】本発明に係る糞尿のリサイクル型処理システムにおいて、糞尿液処理を畜産農家で行う場合の例を示す。
【図3】酸性及びアルカリ性資材の投入比率によるpH及び沈殿率の比較結果を示す。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a manure processing system that can process manure excreted by livestock such as cattle and pigs at a low cost using a treatment facility having a simple structure, and can be recycled almost completely as various industrial materials. .
[0002]
[Prior art]
For example, in a dairy cattle barn with multiple heads, each cow is connected via a stall, so the manure is mixed and collected by a van cleaner system or the like, and applied to a solid-liquid separator such as a screw press. It is divided into feces and urine, and feces are transported to compost facilities. Urine flows into urine storage tanks and temporarily stored, and then released to rivers etc. if it conforms to spraying on farmland or river discharge water quality standards. Was common.
Feces and urine are separated for the time being, but they are not completely separated. About 2% of feces are mixed into urine even with a high-performance filter press, and about 10% with ordinary screw presses and roll presses. The reality is.
If the feces are not removed, it is difficult to use various kinds of urine for recycling, and the discharge quality to the rivers is not met.
Conventionally, the sewage liquid has been floated or settled by adding an inorganic or polymer flocculant after activated sludge treatment to form a flock, but the equipment is complicated and the running cost is expensive.
Therefore, the present condition is that the low cost and efficient processing method is not developed to date about this manure liquid.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention utilizes `` strongly acidic '' and `` strong alkali '' materials that have not been utilized in conventional treatment methods, and further separates urine and feces from feces and urine fluids after mechanical solid-liquid separation, The purpose is to provide a system that removes organic matter from urine and, in addition, separates the supernatant and feces that have been separated into a recycled product, and finally returns them to “soil” after demonstrating beneficial use and utilization functions. And
[0004]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
According to the present invention, as a method of removing organic substances from a livestock manure mixture, as described in
[0005]
Here, the acidic material means a material obtained by dissolving an acidic ore such as granite in a strong acidic aqueous solution such as sulfuric acid.
The acid that dissolves acidic ore is not limited to sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid, but if sulfuric acid is used, the acid ore in powder form is placed in concentrated sulfuric acid and diluted with water. Even if not, the dissolution reaction proceeds.
Moreover, although a dilution rate is arbitrarily adjusted according to a use, it is preferable to set it to pH 0.5-1.0 practically.
[0006]
Other ores used for the production of acidic materials are "quartz schist" (main production area: Gifu Prefecture) "Tomuro stone" (main production area: Ishikawa Prefecture), "Motoishi" containing a lot of silicate and alumina. (Main production area: Fukushima Prefecture), "diatomaceous earth" produced throughout the country is raised.
[0007]
The primary purpose of the alkaline material used in the present invention is to add it back to the strong alkaline side by adding it to the feces and urine fluid treated with the above strongly acidic aqueous solution.
Accordingly, lime and caustic soda are not limited as long as they can be returned to alkaline, but lime that can be obtained practically at low cost and easily reused as a fertilizer later is preferable.
[0008]
By separating the supernatant liquid and the precipitate from the mixture of feces and urine excreted from livestock using the manure liquid treatment system according to
That is, the solid material obtained by the mechanical separation means according to
[0009]
An example of the processing system shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 shows the above-described recycling-type manure processing system in an example of manure discharged from a barn, for example.
FIG. 1 shows a case where manure liquid processing is performed at a joint facility, and FIG. 2 shows an example where each manure farmer processes this manure liquid processing.
A mixture of feces and urine collected from a dairy farm barn by a van cleaner system or the like is mechanically separated into a solid content and a liquid content by a screw press or the like (hereinafter referred to as primary fecal / urine separation). ).
In this case, the moisture content of the feces taken out as a solid content is about 70 to 80%.
This is transported to a composting facility, mixed with some moisture adjusting materials, fermented naturally, and reused as compost.
In many cases, this composting facility is generally maintained as a barn facility.
[0010]
On the other hand, in most cases, about 10% of feces is still contained in the excrement fluid obtained by the primary fecal / urine separation. This is temporarily stored in the manure liquid storage tank.
As shown in FIG. 1, when processing in a joint facility, it is transported to its manure processing tank, and when it is processed in each livestock farm as shown in FIG. Transfer, add acidic material, check pH after stirring, add alkaline material to make it strong alkalinity.
As a result, solid matter of feces and carbohydrates, proteins and fats dissolved in the fecal fluid are precipitated and separated in a sludge form from the fecal fluid.
[0011]
The supernatant liquid exhibits strong alkalinity, but becomes a sterile, odorless transparent liquid by the above treatment, and can be reused as a liquid fertilizer raw material as shown in FIG.
In addition, when pH adjustment is required, the acidic material in this invention can be utilized, and it can utilize as a soil improvement material (hydrated lime).
In addition, other components can be added and adjusted for use as a bactericide, herbicide or deodorant.
[0012]
The sludge-like organic matter precipitated by solid / liquid re-separation can be reused for reuse of manure liquid or compost fermentation facilitating material, and can also be used for organic lime fertilizer and mixed fertilizer raw material by drying.
In addition, by mixing compost, diatomaceous earth, Tomuro stone, etc., it can be used as culture soil, soiling material, and the like.
[0013]
As shown in FIG. 1, the solid / liquid re-separation process may be performed by each dairy farmer, but it is more effective if a processing device that can collect and process intensively from a plurality of dairy farms is provided. It is economical.
In the subsequent reuse of industrial materials, the support of companies in their respective specialized fields leads to the effective operation of the recycled manure processing system of the present invention.
[0014]
In the present invention, the supernatant is purified to below the river effluent quality standard by separating the stool and organic components contained in the sewage liquid again using the acidic material extracted from the ore and the lime as the alkaline material. It acts to transform it into a liquid that is odorless, sterile and transparent and contains almost no organic components.
The pH of this liquid is a strong alkaline liquid of 12 to 13, but if necessary depending on the recycling application, the pH can be adjusted again by adding an acidic material.
[0015]
The dried and separated sludge portion contains about 1% of fertilizer components such as nitrogen, phosphoric acid and potassium when dried.
In addition, since lime residue is mixed, it is possible to develop various uses by utilizing this feature.
[0016]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described. First, the flow of processing steps will be described.
The excrement fluid from which the excrement and urine have been mechanically separated is transferred from the excrement storage tank to the excrement disposal tank (hereinafter referred to as processing stock solution).
Next, as shown in the comparative investigation results of the pH and the precipitation rate according to the charging ratio of acidic and alkaline materials in FIG. 3, acidic materials having a pH of 0.5 to 1.0 are added to the processing stock solution at 2.0% to 3. By mixing 5% and stirring, homogenization of the treatment liquid is promoted, and a sludge treatment liquid having a pH of 3.0 to 3.5 is obtained.
Here, the acidic material was manufactured as follows.
Tomuro stone is pulverized into a powder form, and approximately the same weight of concentrated sulfuric acid is added thereto and stirred and mixed.
Next, when about the same amount of diatomaceous earth treated water is added as the weight of the previous mixed solution, an exothermic reaction occurs, and about 10 to 15 times the amount of diatomaceous earth treated water is added to the dissolved water, pH 0.5 to 1.0. The acid material was obtained by adjusting to.
By mixing 2.0% to 3.5% of the treatment liquid with lime as an alkaline material into the treatment liquid and stirring the mixture, the homogenization of the treatment liquid is promoted, and the pH is 11 to 13 as shown in FIG. It became an alkaline treatment liquid.
After 30 minutes to 2 hours, the solid portion of the treatment liquid was separated and precipitated in the treatment tank, and the liquid component was separated into a transparent and sterile supernatant.
In FIG. 3, SV30 shows a value obtained by comparing and investigating the amount of sediment when 30 minutes have elapsed after adding a predetermined ratio of acidic material and alkaline material to a predetermined amount of feces and urine, and SV60 when comparing the amount of sediment when 60 minutes have elapsed. .
In addition, the numerical value of SV30 and SV60 in FIG. 3 shows the capacity | capacitance of the sediment layer formed below with respect to the excrement fluid per 1000 ml.
As a result of measuring this supernatant liquid, BOD, SS, etc. were below the water quality reference | standard density | concentration of a river.
The separated supernatant portion and the separated / precipitated sludge portion are taken out from different outlets and transferred to a container according to the purpose of recycling.
When it is necessary to adjust the pH of the supernatant liquid, an acidic material is added corresponding to the recycling application after taking out from the treatment tank.
The reason why the supernatant after treatment becomes aseptic and odorless is that microorganisms in manure are killed by the use of strongly acidic and strongly alkaline materials.
[0017]
Next, necessary processing facilities will be described.
(A) First feces / urine separation facility Feces and urine are separated by mechanical treatment. Feces have a moisture content of about 75%.
The urine becomes a liquid containing about 10% solid matter (feces), and becomes a fecal urine liquid that is extremely difficult to process by conventional methods.
(I) Manure liquid storage tank The solid / liquid separated manure liquid is stored in this storage tank. The manure storage tank is a part of the basic facility of a cowshed and is generally constructed as a cowshed facility.
When the existing barn is used, the required processing capacity by the new processing method must be carefully examined and a design consistent with the existing facilities and newly added facilities must be made.
In general, the capacity of the manure storage tank can be calculated based on the number of captive animals, the amount of urine excreted per day per day (including water for cleaning livestock), and the storage period. -It must be set with due consideration of consistency in the number of days used and processing capacity.
(C) Compost facility The portion of the feces that has been mechanically separated from manure is transported to the compost facility as feces having a water content of about 75%, and is fermented naturally and composted.
Composting facilities are generally maintained as cowshed facilities.
(D) Manure liquid treatment tank The manure liquid treatment tank is capable of mixing and mixing the strong undiluted acid and strong alkaline materials in the processing stock solution drawn from the storage tank, and separating solids in the manure liquid It is a facility.
[0018]
【The invention's effect】
In the present invention, by dissolving ore naturally produced in manure liquid in an acidic solution and adding it, by the action of various ions mainly compounded silicate ions and aluminum ions contained in these ores, Solids can be separated from the processing stock solution, and the cleanliness can be raised below the standard for release into rivers.
In addition, acidic materials and alkaline materials are naturally produced.
Therefore, the components in which the solid content such as the organic matter that has been precipitated and separated by adding these also remains in the supernatant are natural components.
That is, by reusing the supernatant liquid and solid content obtained above as various industrial materials shown in FIG. 1 or FIG. 2, all can finally be reduced to soil.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 shows an example of a case where manure processing is performed in a joint facility in the manure recycling system according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 shows an example of the case where manure processing is carried out by a livestock farm in the manure recycling system according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 shows a comparison result of pH and precipitation rate depending on the charging ratio of acidic and alkaline materials.
Claims (7)
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JP2002057472A JP3979571B2 (en) | 2002-03-04 | 2002-03-04 | Livestock manure processing system |
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US7691273B2 (en) * | 2004-02-19 | 2010-04-06 | Seishiro Murakami | Method for the clarification of sludge |
KR101290636B1 (en) | 2011-08-25 | 2013-07-29 | 김기범 | Manufacturing method of color pellet using livestock waste |
CN107055657A (en) * | 2017-06-05 | 2017-08-18 | 中国计量大学 | Excreta harmless treatment device |
DE102018123081A1 (en) * | 2018-09-19 | 2020-03-19 | Helmut Georg Döhler | System for treating urine |
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