JP3978797B2 - Residual monomer removal method and apparatus - Google Patents

Residual monomer removal method and apparatus Download PDF

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JP3978797B2
JP3978797B2 JP34827296A JP34827296A JP3978797B2 JP 3978797 B2 JP3978797 B2 JP 3978797B2 JP 34827296 A JP34827296 A JP 34827296A JP 34827296 A JP34827296 A JP 34827296A JP 3978797 B2 JP3978797 B2 JP 3978797B2
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slurry
pvc
residual monomer
chamber
tower
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JPH10182728A (en
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悦郎 松田
雄一 伊藤
敏信 蔵薗
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JNC Corp
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Chisso Corp
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Priority to IDW990750A priority patent/ID22837A/en
Priority to ES97950376T priority patent/ES2190548T3/en
Priority to DE69719369T priority patent/DE69719369T2/en
Priority to CA002276211A priority patent/CA2276211A1/en
Priority to US09/331,762 priority patent/US6332958B1/en
Priority to EP97950376A priority patent/EP0949276B1/en
Priority to TW086119693A priority patent/TW418218B/en
Priority to CN97181495A priority patent/CN1114623C/en
Priority to PCT/JP1997/004789 priority patent/WO1998029460A1/en
Priority to KR10-1999-7005852A priority patent/KR100505907B1/en
Priority to MYPI97006332A priority patent/MY118053A/en
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08FMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F6/00Post-polymerisation treatments
    • C08F6/001Removal of residual monomers by physical means
    • C08F6/003Removal of residual monomers by physical means from polymer solutions, suspensions, dispersions or emulsions without recovery of the polymer therefrom
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08FMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F6/00Post-polymerisation treatments
    • C08F6/24Treatment of polymer suspensions
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D19/00Degasification of liquids
    • B01D19/0042Degasification of liquids modifying the liquid flow
    • B01D19/0047Atomizing, spraying, trickling
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D3/00Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping
    • B01D3/14Fractional distillation or use of a fractionation or rectification column
    • B01D3/16Fractionating columns in which vapour bubbles through liquid
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J4/00Feed or outlet devices; Feed or outlet control devices
    • B01J4/04Feed or outlet devices; Feed or outlet control devices using osmotic pressure using membranes, porous plates
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/08Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with moving particles
    • B01J8/12Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with moving particles moved by gravity in a downward flow
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08FMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F116/00Homopolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehydo, ketonic, acetal or ketal radical
    • C08F116/02Homopolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehydo, ketonic, acetal or ketal radical by an alcohol radical
    • C08F116/04Acyclic compounds
    • C08F116/06Polyvinyl alcohol ; Vinyl alcohol
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00274Sequential or parallel reactions; Apparatus and devices for combinatorial chemistry or for making arrays; Chemical library technology
    • B01J2219/00277Apparatus
    • B01J2219/00279Features relating to reactor vessels
    • B01J2219/00331Details of the reactor vessels
    • B01J2219/00333Closures attached to the reactor vessels
    • B01J2219/00337Valves
    • B01J2219/0034Valves in the shape of a ball or sphere
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10STECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S159/00Concentrating evaporators
    • Y10S159/10Organic
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10STECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S203/00Distillation: processes, separatory
    • Y10S203/09Plural feed

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、残留モノマー除去方法およびそれを用いる残留モノマー除去装置に関し、特に塩化ビニル系樹脂(以下、PVCと略称する。)を製造する際に、PVC粒子内部および水性媒体中に残存する塩化ビニルモノマー(以下、VCMと略称する。)等を主とする未反応の残留モノマーを除去する残留モノマー除去方法、および装置に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
一般に、PVCは、懸濁重合法、乳化重合法および塊状重合法等によって製造されるが、反応熱を除去しやすく、不純物の少ない製品を得ることができるという利点から、特に懸濁重合法や乳化重合法が広く用いられている。
懸濁重合法や乳化重合法は、通常、VCMを、水性媒体、分散剤または乳化剤、および重合開始剤等と共に攪拌機付き重合器内に仕込み、所定温度に保ちながら攪拌下に重合することによって行われる。
重合反応は、通常、VCMが100%転化してPVCとなるまで実施されることはなく、製造効率の良い段階、すなわち重合転化率80〜95%の段階で停止される。重合反応終了後、重合器内の残留モノマーはPVCスラリー(主としてPVC粒子と水性媒体の混合分散液)と分離、回収されるが、PVCスラリーは数%の未反応残留モノマーを含有しているのが普通である。
【0003】
次にPVCスラリーは水性媒体を機械的に分離され、熱風乾燥その他種々の方法で乾燥されてPVC粉末となる。この際、前記分離された水性媒体、熱風乾燥による排気、またPVC粉末には環境衛生上の理由で問題とされる、または明らかに有害と認められる程度のVCMが含まれる。
このような製造上生じる排出物およびPVC粉末中のVCMを完全に除去し、もしくは環境衛生上無害な程度までその含有量を低下させるために種々の方法が提案された。
より良く未反応の残留モノマーを除去および回収する方法として、内部に複数の多孔板製棚段と底部に水蒸気噴入口を装着した処理塔を用いて、PVCスラリーから残留モノマーを除去回収する方法が提案された(特開昭54−8693号および特開昭56−22305号公報参照)。
これらの方法の特徴は、底面が多孔板で構成され、該多孔板上に千鳥状の処理通路をなすように区画壁が設置された多孔板製棚段であり、PVCスラリーが、この多孔板製棚段上の処理通路に沿って流れる間、PVCスラリーは、多孔板の細孔を通じて、下から噴入してくる水蒸気に曝され、PVCスラリーに含有している残留モノマーが蒸発分離されるのである。
さらに、処理塔上部の塔径を下部のそれより拡大することにより塔上部に生じる泡立ちを抑制して安定した運転と泡立ちにより生じる劣化粒子の混入を未然に防止することを可能にした残留モノマー除去方法および装置が提案された(特開平07−224109号公報参照)。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
PVCスラリー中VCMの除去に要する水蒸気との接触時間は、PVCのグレードによって異なる。一般的に低重合度PVCスラリーは脱モノマーしにくく、高重合度品PVCスラリーは脱モノマーしやすい。
しかし、上記の方法は、PVCスラリーの滞留時間を、多孔板製棚段上の処理通路と仕切板によって一定に保つているため、品種が異なり残留モノマーの除去に必要な水蒸気との接触時間の異なるPVCスラリーを同一設備内で効率よく処理することができない。
つまり、残留モノマーの除去が容易なPVCスラリーを処理するように設計された装置では、残留モノマーの除去の困難なPVCスラリーを処理する場合には、水蒸気との接触時間が不足してPVCスラリーより十分に未反応残留モノマーを除去できない。また逆に、残留モノマーの除去が困難なPVCスラリーを処理するように設計された装置では、残留モノマーの除去が容易なPVCスラリーを処理する場合には、モノマーが除去された後も、PVC粒子が必要以上に水蒸気と接触することにより熱劣化を招き、PVC製品の品質を損なう。
【0005】
また、PVC製造工場においては通常、複数の品種を同一設備で製造する場合が多い。そこで、製造品種を異品種に切替る場合に、設備内にPVC粉末が残留すると、品種の異なるPVC粒子が混入し、フィッシュアイ等の不具合の原因となり製品価値を低下させる。
さらに、同一品種の処理の場合でも、PVC粒子が残留モノマー除去塔内に付着して、長期滞留すると水蒸気により熱劣化を起こし、粒子が茶色く変色してしまう(粒子が熱劣化により変色することを、以下着色と言う)。塔内に付着した着色PVC粒子が、器壁より剥離し、PVCスラリー中に混入すると製品の加工時に製品価値を低下させる。
加えて、後記の泡立ちを抑制した脱モノマー法では、泡立ちによる一部PVCの滞留劣化は防げるものの、PVCスラリーが導入部より塔内に導かれる際に飛散し、塔内部の器壁に付着し、前記のような着色PVC粒子の問題を引き起こす。
【0006】
本発明の目的は、同一の設備で性質の異なる複数の製品を順次製造する場合に、重合反応終了時のPVCスラリーに含有されている残留モノマーを水蒸気処理によって除去する際、残留モノマー除去塔内で起こるスラリーの飛散を防止することにより塔内部の器壁へのPVC粒子の付着を防止するとともに、その処理時間を各被処理PVCスラリーに適した時間に調節することにより、処理不足による高残留モノマー濃度の製品となることを防止し、また過剰の処理によるPVCの劣化を防止し、さらに異品種混入による品質低下を防止できる残留モノマー除去装置および方法を提供することにある。
【0007】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、上記問題を鋭意研究した結果、複数品種のPVCスラリーに適するように、残留モノマー除去装置内の滞留時間を調節することができ、PVCスラリー導入部での飛散を防止するとともに、異品種切替時に処理装置内にPVC粉末が残留せず、該装置内の器壁、死角となりがちな導入口から開閉弁にいたるまでの導入管内、さらには開閉弁、および、スラリー導入口にPVC粒子が付着することのない残留モノマー除去方法、および装置に到達した。
すなわち、本願により特許請求される発明は以下のとおりである。
【0009】
)重合終了後の残留モノマーを含むポリ塩化ビニル含有スラリーから残留モノマーを除去する装置であって、該装置は、筒状の塔本体と、該塔本体内の垂直方向に設けられた複数の多孔板と、該多孔板をそれぞれ底面としてその上に形成された複数の室と、前記室の少なくとも2室にそれぞれ設けられたスラリー導入部と、上方の室の多孔板から下方の室の多孔板へスラリーを順次流下させるように該多孔板間に設けられた流下部と、塔本体の底部に設けられた水蒸気導入口と、塔本体の頂部に設けられた脱気孔と、前記スラリー導入口を有する室よりも下方の室に設けられたスラリー排出口と、前記多孔板の直下に、少なくとも前記多孔板の下面に向けて設置された温水噴射手段とを有し、かつ、前記スラリー導入部は、前記塔本体に設けられたスラリー導入口と、該スラリー導入口に連結されたスラリー導入管からなり、該スラリー導入管は、スラリー導入口へ向かってその内径が1.2倍以上に拡径されていることを特徴とする、残留モノマー除去装置。
【0010】
)最上部の室より下方に位置する室に設けられたスラリー導入部に、開閉弁が設置されていることを特徴とする()記載の残留モノマー除去装置。
)スラリー導入部の開閉弁が、ボール弁であることを特徴とする()記載の残留モノマー除去装置。
)スラリー導入部のスラリー導入口と開閉弁の間に該開閉弁に向かって温水噴射手段が設けられている()記載の残留モノマー除去装置。
(5)前記(1)に記載された装置を用いて重合終了後の残留モノマーを含むポリ塩化ビニル含有スラリーから残留モノマーを除去する方法において、前記室のスラリー導入部からスラリーを導入する際に、スラリー導入量が、前記室の底面をなす多孔板の面積1m 2 あたり0.1〜300m 3 /hであり、かつ該室のスラリー導入口におけるスラリーの線速度が6m/sec.以下であることを特徴とする残留モノマーの除去方法。
【0011】
本発明においては、多孔板製棚段を設置した残留モノマー除去装置の2室以上の任意の室にPVCスラリー導入部を設けたことにより、残留モノマーの蒸発分離に長い時間を要するPVCスラリーを処理する場合には、上方の室のスラリー導入部よりPVCスラリーを導入して、滞留時間を確保し、残留モノマーを十分に分離除去でき、一方、残留モノマーを短時間で蒸発分離できるPVCスラリーを処理する場合には、下方の室のスラリー導入部よりPVCスラリーを導入し、短い滞留時間で十分にVCMを蒸発分離するので、PVC樹脂の熱劣化を防止できる。
【0012】
本発明では、スラリー導入口におけるスラリーの線速度が6m/sec.以下であるようにスラリーを導入して、残留モノマーの除去を行う。このための好適な装置としては、そのスラリー導入部が、スラリー導入管と塔本体に設けられたスラリー導入口に向けてその内径が大となり、スラリー導入管からスラリー導入口に到るスラリー導入管の管径比を、スラリー導入管から塔本体内にスラリーが導入される時の温度差および圧力差によるスラリーの体積膨張によってもスラリー導入口におけるスラリーの線速度が6m/sec.以下(好ましくは5m/sec.以下)を保てるように拡径することが好ましい。このような管径比は1.2以上、好ましくは1.5〜3.5、より好ましくは1.5〜2.0である。すなわち、スラリー導入部より導入されるスラリー(温度50〜150℃)は、ポンプにより加圧状態(0.5〜10Kg/cm2 )にあるが、スラリー導入管内のスラリーの温度よりも、塔内の温度が高いため(通常の温度差5〜50℃)、スラリー導入時にスラリー中に含有されているVCMが気化し、体積が急激に膨張する。このとき、スラリー導入管と塔本体のスラリー導入口の径が同一であると、体積膨張と、ポンプ移送による流速により塔内の器壁にスラリーが飛散してしまう。これを防ぐために、体積膨張に見合った容量を、スラリー導入口に到る管径を増大したスペースで確保し、スラリー導入口での線速度が6m/sec.以下、好ましくは5〜1m/sec.にする。これにより、瞬間的な溶存気体の体積膨張によるスラリーの飛散を防止すると共に、塔内壁に付着した粒子が長時間水蒸気に曝されることによる着色を防止することができる。塔本体に設けられるスラリー導入口は、該スラリー導入口が設けられる室のスラリー面よりも上部に位置することが望ましい。スラリー導入管の拡径は、スラリーの流動を妨げないように漸次拡径することが望ましい。なお、拡径される前のスラリー導入管は、配管の水平部にスラリー中のPVC粒子が堆積し、配管の閉塞を生じないように、スラリー導入口の管径よりも細くすることにより、流動に充分なスラリー流速を確保する必要がある。
【0013】
また、最上部の室よりも下方に位置する室に設けられたスラリー導入部に開閉弁が設けられていることが好ましい。スラリー導入管に設けられた開閉弁は、脱モノマー塔の複数のスラリー導入部のひとつを選択してスラリーを導入する場合、換言すればスラリーの脱モノマー特性に応じて使用するスラリー導入部を選択する場合に使用される。すなわち、選択されたスラリー導入部の開閉弁を開き、他のスラリー導入部の開閉弁を閉じることにより、選択されたスラリー導入部から脱モノマー塔へスラリーを供給することができる。このような開閉弁としてはボール弁が好ましい。このように複数のスラリー導入部にそれぞれ開閉弁を設けることにより、現在使用していない導入管から前に処理したスラリーからの残留レジンが混入したり、現在処理中のスラリーが現在使用していない導入管に入り込み、次回使用時にコンタミネーションとなることを防止することができる。
PVCスラリー導入部のスラリー導入口と開閉弁の間には、少なくとも開閉弁に向けて温水噴射装置を設け、必要に応じ開閉弁および開閉弁とスラリー導入口の間を洗浄することが望ましい。またスラリー導入口と開閉弁の位置はこれらの間を洗浄し易いようになるべく近接していることが好ましい。この温水洗浄装置は、例えばあるPVCスラリー導入部からスラリーを導入して脱モノマー処理している間に、PVCスラリーの導入に使用されていない他のPVCスラリー導入部を洗浄するのに用いられる。このようにしてPVCスラリー導入部でのPVC粒子の長期滞留による変色粒子の発生をより効果的に防止でき、さらに品種切替時のPVCスラリー導入部へのPVC粒子の残留を防ぎ、異品種の混入を防止できる。
【0014】
本発明において、PVCとは、VCMの単独重合体、VCMと重合反応し得る重合性モノマーとVCMとの共重合体、オレフィン系重合体等へVCMをグラフト重合させた重合体、およびこれらを2種類以上含む重合体組成物である。本発明によって、効率的に残留モノマーを除去するには、VCMが重合体の構成単位として50重量%以上含有する重合体が好ましい。
該重合体を得るための重合方法は、懸濁重合でも、乳化重合法でもよい。
【0015】
VCMと重合反応し得る重合性モノマーとしては、具体的には、酢酸ビニルのようなビニルアルコールのカルボン酸エステル類、アルキルビニルエーテルのようなビニルエーテル類、アクリレート、メタクリレートのような不飽和カルボン酸のエステル類、塩化ビニリデン、弗化ビニリデンのようなハロゲン化ビニリデン類、アクリロニトリルのような不飽和ニトリル類、エチレン、プロピレンのようなオレフィン類などが挙げられる。
【0016】
重合反応には、ポリビニルアルコール、ヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロース等の分散剤、アルキル硫酸ナトリウム、アルキルスルフォン酸ナトリウム等の乳化剤、および必要に応じて緩衝剤、粒径調整剤、スケール付着抑制剤、消泡剤等が使用されているので、PVCスラリー中には、これらが微量混入する場合がある。
本発明で処理されるPVCスラリーは、PVCスラリー中に分散しているPVCの濃度、すなわちスラリー濃度が5〜45重量%のものが好ましく、10〜40重量%のものがさらに好ましい。スラリー濃度が高過ぎると、塔内でのPVCスラリーの流動性が悪化する。一方、低過ぎると、除去処理効率が低下する。
【0017】
本発明で処理されるPVCスラリーは、重合反応が終了した後、未反応VCMを重合器内部の圧力により放出して回収し、内部の圧力が常圧まで降圧した後、PVCスラリータンクに移されるが、PVCスラリーは重合器内部の圧力が常圧まで降圧する以前、または任意の重合転化率で重合を停止した時点で重合反応途中のPVCスラリーをPVCスラリータンクに移しても良い。
PVCスラリータンクに移されたPVCスラリーは、ポンプを使って所定の流量速度で本発明の残留モノマー除去装置に導入される。
【発明の実施の形態】
【0018】
本発明において、好適に使用され得る残留モノマー除去装置、およびこの装置を用いてPVCスラリーから残留モノマーを除去するプロセスを、図1〜4に基づいて具体的に説明するが、本発明はこれに限定されるものではない。
【0019】
図1は残留モノマー除去処理装置の概略図、図2は多孔板の模式的平面図、図3および4はそれぞれ多孔板上へのPVCスラリー導入部の模式的断面図である。図1において、残留モノマー除去装置4は、筒状の塔本体46と、該塔本体内の垂直方向に設けられた複数の多孔板32〜38と、該多孔板をそれぞれ底面としてその上に形成された複数の室と、前記室の少なくとも2室にそれぞれ設けられたスラリー導入部19〜24と、上方の室の多孔板から下方の室の多孔板へスラリーを順次流下させるように該多孔板間に設けられた流下部13〜18と、塔本体の底部に設けられた水蒸気導入口10と、塔本体の頂部に設けられた脱気孔11と、前記スラリー導入部を有する室よりも下方の室に設けられたスラリー排出口12と、前記多孔板の直下に、少なくとも前記多孔板の下面に向けて設置された温水噴射手段25〜31とを有し、前記スラリー導入管48は開閉弁49を有し、図に示すようにスラリー導入口50に接続され、かつ該スラリー導入管48の管内径はスラリー導入口50に向かって約1.2倍以上(図においてD/d≧1.2)になるように漸次拡径するように構成されている。
PVCスラリータンク1に一時蓄えられた懸濁重合または乳化重合により得られたPVCスラリーは、ポンプ2によって熱交換器3に導かれ、熱交換器3内で所定温度に加温された後、残留モノマー除去装置4の任意のPVCスラリー導入部19〜24から塔内へ導入される。なお、最上段の室のスラリー導入部19には開閉弁が設けられていないが、必要により開閉弁を設けても差し支えない。
【0020】
塔内に導入するPVCスラリーの流量は、図2に示す多孔板47の面積1m2当たり0.1〜300m3/h(より好ましくは1〜100m3/h)になるように、ポンプ2の輸送量を調整することが好ましい。
塔内に導入するPVCスラリーは、熱交換器3によって、50〜100℃に予熱されていることが望ましい。この予熱によって残留モノマー除去効率が向上する。
【0021】
塔本体46の内径は、200〜10000mmで、塔高さは内径に対して2〜20倍、より好ましくは5〜15倍である。また、必要により塔内の各室の内径が異なっていてもよい。
【0022】
残留モノマー除去装置4において、塔底と多孔板、多孔板とその直上部に位置する多孔板、または多孔板と塔頂に区切られた空間を室という。残留モノマーの処理に必要な室数は、PVCスラリーから残留モノマーを除去する時に必要とされる滞留時間により決定される。
【0023】
PVCスラリーからモノマーを除去する難易度は、PVCスラリー中のPVC粒子の構造に起因する。PVC粒子内の細孔容積率が大きい場合には、PVC粒子と水蒸気の接触が良好で脱モノマーし易く、細孔容積率が小さい場合は、脱モノマーし難くなる。
【0024】
PVCスラリーの塔内の滞留時間は、上述のようなPVCスラリーの脱モノマーの難易度と、塔内に導入されるPVCスラリー中に含まれる残留モノマー濃度と、PVCスラリー排出口12での処理後の残留モノマー濃度の設定値によって決定される。
【0025】
塔内のPVCスラリーの滞留時間が長いと、PVCスラリー中に存在するPVC粒子から残留モノマーを高度に除去することができるが、長すぎるとPVCの粒子が熱劣化による着色を引き起こしてしまう。従って、PVCスラリーの必要以上の水蒸気との接触は好ましくない。そこで、滞留時間をPVCスラリーの脱モノマー性の難易度に合わせて調整する必要がある。
【0026】
本発明に使用される好適な装置は、塔本体の垂直方向に設けられた複数の室にそれぞれスラリー導入部を設け、例えば難易度の高いPVCスラリーは、塔上部のPVCスラリー導入部から導入し、難易度の低いPVCスラリーは塔下部のスラリー導入部から導入するように構成することが望ましい。難易度の高いPVCスラリーを例にとると、該スラリーを塔上部のスラリー導入部19から塔本体内に導入する。導入されたPVCスラリーは、多孔板32上の区画壁39〜44と塔本体46が形成される処理通路を通過し、仕切板45(図3)を越えてオーバーフローし、流下管13を通り多孔板33上に導入される。多孔板33上に導入されたスラリーは、続いて、多孔板33上の処理通路上を通過し、さらに流下管14を通ってその下の多孔板34上へ流入する。こうして多孔板32〜38までの処理通路を通過した後、塔底室52のPVCスラリー排出口12から塔外へ排出される。また、たとえば難易度の中程度のPVCスラリーの場合は、PVCスラリー導入部21から導入し、多孔板34〜38上の処理通路上を通過させて滞留時間を短くする。同じように、たとえば脱モノマー性の良好なPVCスラリーの場合は、スラリー導入部23から導入して、更に滞留時間を短くし、必要以上の水蒸気との接触による熱劣化を避けることができる。
【0027】
PVCスラリーを導入するスラリー導入部の構成は、図3に示すようにPVCスラリー導入管48、開閉弁49およびPVCスラリー導入口50から構成され、PVCスラリー導入管48の内径は、スラリー導入口50に向けてその内径が1.2倍以上、好ましくは1.5〜3.5倍、より好ましくは1.5〜2.0倍に拡径されている。
好ましいスラリー導入管48の他の形態は、図4に示すように、水平の拡径部Lの長さが1m以上のもので、スラリー導入口の内側に塔内部の液面に向けて開口するガイド管52を設けたものである。このように所定長さ以上の水平の拡径部を設けたことにより、急激なスラリーの体積膨張による流動の乱れを緩和し、またスラリー自重により導入管内でのVCMの気化を抑制することができ、またガイド管52を設けることにより、スラリーを選択的に多孔板上の液面に導入し、その飛散を防止するとともに、ガス化したVCMを塔内の気相部に容易に逃がすことができる。なお、スラリー導入管は、スラリーが停滞しにくいようにスラリー導入口に向けて傾斜させて設けてもよい。
またこのスラリー導入部には、スラリー導入口50と開閉弁49の間に温水噴射装置51が設けられている。この温水噴射装置51は、スラリー導入口の側部を貫通して設けられた温水管と、その先端に設けられたスプレーノズルよりなる。該スプレーノズルは、開閉弁とスラリー導入口の間のデッドスペースのPVCを洗浄できるように開閉弁に向かって配置されることが好ましい。
【0028】
PVCスラリー導入部の開閉弁49の構造は、PVCスラリーが弁やPVCスラリー導入部に滞留しない構造が望ましい。そのような弁の構造であれば特に制限はないが、特にボール弁が好ましい。ボール弁であるとPVCスラリーが弁に滞留せず、処理対象のPVCスラリーの品種を切り換える場合にもPVCスラリー導入部にPVC粒子の残留がなく、異品種の混入によりPVC成型品にフィッシュアイが発生しない良好な結果を得られる。また、弁の位置については、できるだけ塔本体に近く設置した方がPVCスラリー導入口と弁の間にスラリーが滞留することがなく良好な結果が得られる。
【0029】
さらに、処理対象のPVCスラリーを、切り替えるとき、異品種の混入をさけるために、PVCスラリー導入部に前述のような温水洗浄装置51を設置することができる。品種の切り替え時または残留モノマー除去運転中に、温水洗浄装置でPVCスラリー導入口を洗浄することにより、異品種の混入等によるフィッシュアイの発生が減少する。
また、残留モノマー除去装置の運転時にPVCスラリーの導入に使用していないスラリー導入部を洗浄することにより、スラリー導入部にPVCスラリーが長期滞留することを防止できる。
【0030】
多数の細孔を有する多孔板32〜38は、それぞれその表面に、数個の区画壁が垂直に設けられ、上部の棚板の下面との間に室(空間)を形成している。多孔板の細孔は、PVCスラリーが、多孔板上を流動する際、細孔より噴入してくる水蒸気によって、脱モノマー処理が行われるように、開けられたものである。
細孔の大きさは、PVCスラリーが細孔を通じて流下せず、しかも細孔が閉塞することがなく、下方から噴入してくる水蒸気が絶えず均一に通過するように、水蒸気圧および水蒸気導入量を考慮して設定される。
【0031】
多孔板に開けられる細孔は、直径5mm以下、好ましくは、0.5〜2mm、より好ましくは0.7〜1.5mmである。また、多孔板の開口率(総細孔面積/多孔板面積)は、0.001〜10%、好ましくは0.04〜4%、より好ましくは0.2〜2%である。
開口率が小さ過ぎると、多孔板製棚段上を流動するPVCスラリー中に存在するPVC粒子が十分に攪拌されず、PVC粒子が沈降して、PVC粒子からの残留モノマーの除去効率が低下する。また、PVCスラリーの流動性も低下する。一方、開口率が大き過ぎると、PVCスラリーが細孔から流下する現象(以下液漏れと言う。)が生じたり、細孔からの液漏れを防止するために、多量の水蒸気量を浪費することになる。
【0032】
区画壁は、多孔板上に、PVCスラリーが流動できる処理通路を確保するためのものである。区画壁により形成された処理通路により、PVCスラリーは、多孔棚板上で一定時間流動し、その間、下方から供給される水蒸気による脱モノマー処理を受ける。図2と図3には、多孔板47の上面に、区画壁39〜44が互い違いに設置されたものが示されている。
【0033】
PVCスラリーの残留モノマー除去装置内部での滞留時間は、PVCスラリーが多孔板上の処理通路を通過する時間に対応する。従って、通過時間を長くするには、区画壁の枚数を増やして処理通路を長くするかまたは仕切板の高さを高くすればよい。処理通路は、区画壁の設置の仕方によって決定されるが、図2で示される九十九折り型(羊腸型)が好ましく、その他に渦巻き型、矢車型または、星形(放射状)等が状況に応じて選択できる。
【0034】
本発明にかかる多孔板は、区画壁の数や処理通路の幅に特に制限はないが、区画壁の数を増やし過ぎたり、処理通路の幅をあまりにも小さくしすると、流動するPVCの液高さが増し、区画壁を越えしてしまうので、滞留時間の異なるPVCスラリーが混在することになり、製品の品質を低下させるので、望ましくない。
【0035】
本発明の装置は、塔底室9に水蒸気導入口10を有しており、水蒸気導入口10から噴射される水蒸気が、多孔板の細孔を通して、多孔棚板上を流動するPVCスラリー中に吹き込まれる。この時の水蒸気導入量は、PVCスラリー1m3当たり、1〜100Kg/h、好ましくは5〜50Kg/hである。水蒸気導入量が少な過ぎると、PVCスラリー中のPVC粒子が沈降するので、PVCスラリー中の残留モノマーを効率良く除去することができなくなる。一方、水蒸気導入量が多過ぎると、PVCスラリーの飛沫発生が激しくなり、フラッディングが生ずることがある。また、水蒸気導入量が多い割には、PVCスラリー中の残留モノマーの除去効果は向上しない。
【0036】
また、PVCスラリーの温度が高いと、残留モノマーの除去効率は向上するが、温度が高過ぎると、PVC粒子の熱劣化による着色を招き、品質を低下させてしまう。従って、PVCスラリーの温度を調整することが、高品質のPVCを得ることにつながる。一般に、多孔板上を流動するスラリーの温度は、50〜150℃、好ましくは70〜120℃、より好ましくは80〜110℃になるように、水蒸気温度と水蒸気導入量を調整することが望ましい
また、残留モノマー除去装置の塔本体4内部の圧力は、0.2〜3Kg/cm2(abs)に保持されていることが望ましい。
【0037】
また、本発明の残留モノマー除去装置の塔本体4内には、少なくとも1つの温水噴射装置が設置されている。図1の装置では、温水噴射装置25〜31は、パイプを所定の形に成形し、多孔板31〜36の直下にそれぞれ設けられているが、所定時間毎に噴射ノズルから温水を噴射し、棚板の下面や塔内壁を洗浄する。噴射ノズルの数やノズル孔の位置に、特に制限はないが、温水は噴射ノズルから、鉛直線との交差角度10〜60度の範囲に噴射されるように設定することが好ましい。
【0038】
温水噴装置25〜31のパイプの平面形状は、通常、ギリシャ文字のΩ型もしくはΦ型または渦巻型、星形または羊腸型(九十九折り)の様なもので、交互に中心を同じくする多重リング型でも良い。温水噴射装置25〜31は、多孔棚板と平行に設置され、塔内部に納まればよいが、胴板内壁に接近し過ぎると、洗い流されたPVC粒子等が間隙を閉塞する恐れがあるので、塔内壁から内側へ20mm以上離れる距離に、温水噴射装置25〜31の外径がくるように設置すると良い。温水噴射装置25〜31の外径は、150〜8000mmが好ましい。
【0039】
また、温水噴射装置25〜31に設けられている噴射ノズル孔の形状は、円孔、長円孔、スリット等の適当なものを使用目的に応じて選択できる。ここで、円孔もしくは長円孔の最大直径は通常1〜8mm、他方、スリットの最大長も1〜8mmから選ぶことができる。
【0040】
残留モノマー除去装置4によって残留モノマーが除去されたPVCスラリーは、ポンプ5によって、熱交換器3に導かれ、熱交換により冷却された後、PVCスラリータンク6に一時蓄えられた後、脱水工程を経て、乾燥装置(図示せず)に送り込まれる。残留モノマー除去装置内で除去されたモノマーガスは、塔頂部の脱気口11を通り、凝縮器7で水蒸気を凝縮分離し、液化回収工程に移される。ここで凝縮器7に凝縮された凝縮水に塩化ビニルモノマーが多く含まれる場合は、凝縮水を残留モノマー除去装置に再び導入して処理してもよい。
【0041】
【実施例】
以下、実施例および比較例を用いて本発明を具体的に説明するが、本発明はこれによって限定されるものではない。
【0042】
実施例および比較例で用いた評価方法は下記の通りである。
(1)残留モノマー濃度の測定方法
PVCスラリー排出口12より排出された残留モノマー除去処理されたPVCスラリーをサンプリング口60からサンプリングし、脱水して島津製作所(株)製のガスクロマトグラフ9A(商品名)を用いたヘッドスペース法にて、塩化ビニルポリマー中のppb範囲の残留塩化ビニルモノマー濃度を測定した。条件はASTM法のD4443に準じ、検出部にはFIDを用いた。
(2)熱劣化の測定方法
残留モノマー除去前後のPVCスラリーをそれぞれ脱水し、40℃にて24時間乾燥後、下記の組成およびロール条件でPVC板を作成し、該PVC板について、熱劣化度をJIS法のK7105の測定法に準じて測定した。測定値の値が大きいほど、熱劣化の程度が大きいことを示す。
組成
PVC 100部
三塩基性硫酸鉛 3
二塩基性硫酸鉛 1
ステアリン酸カルシウム 1
ステアリン酸 0.5
ロール条件
ロール種類 8インチロール
ロール温度 170℃
ロール時間 15分
ロール膜厚 0.32mm
【0043】
(3)フィッシュアイの評価方法
図1のPVCスラリーサンプリング口60からサンプリングした、残留モノマー除去処理が施されたPVCスラリーを乾燥して得られたPVCレジンを下記条件で加工したPVC膜を、100cm2の5つの範囲に区切り、各範囲のフッシュアイを計数し、これらの平均をとった。
組成
PVC 100部
ジオクチルフタレート 45部
鉛系安定剤 4部
ロール条件
ロール種類 6インチロール
ロール温度 150℃
ロール時間 5分
ロール膜厚 0.32mm
(4)残留モノマー除去処理塔の器壁のPVC粒子付着の評価方法
残留モノマー除去処理塔にて、同一グレードを通算48時間運転後に、PVCスラリーを導入した室内の器壁を観察して付着の程度を確認した。なお、評価は下記の方法でおこなった。
A・・・器壁の金属光沢があり、PVC粒子の付着がない。
B・・・PVC粒子の付着はあるが、水洗で用意に除去できる。
C・・・水洗で除去できないPVC粒子の付着があり、茶色に変色している。
D・・・PVC粒子が層状に付着し、焦げ茶色に変色している。
【0044】
実施例1
実施例1で使用した残留モノマー除去装置は、図1〜3に示した装置と同様の構造を有し、下記の仕様を有する。
a)残留モノマー除去処理塔
処理塔室数 : 8室
下から、4、5、6、7、8室にPVCスラリー導入部を有する。
b)多孔板
塔径 :1500 mm
細孔径 : 1.3mm
開口率 : 0.3%(多孔板の全細孔面積/多孔板の面積)
区画壁 : 500 mm
処理通路幅 : 200 mm
c)温水噴射装置
直径 : 900 mm
形状 :パイプ直径50A(外径60.5mm)のリング
d)PVCスラリー導入部
PVCスラリー導入管径: 80A〜150A(D/d=150/80)
PVCスラリー導入口径:150A
弁の種類 :ボール弁
重合反応終了後のPVCスラリー(平均重合度1000の塩化ビニルホモポリマー30重量%、塩化ビニルモノマー25000ppmを含有)を、速やかにスラリータンク1に移送し、20m3/hでポンプ2により熱交換器3に送り、加温した後、図2、図3のような多孔棚板を7段有する図1の残留モノマー除去装置4のPVCスラリー導入口22から導入した。該PVCスラリーは多孔棚板32〜38上区画壁で仕切られた処置通路上を流動し、多孔棚板の細孔から噴入してくる水蒸気(106℃、600kg/h)によって、脱モノマー処理が行われた。多孔棚板上を流動するPVCスラリーは、該水蒸気により100℃に加熱され、流下管を通じて下段へ流れ下り、PVCスラリー排出口12から残留モノマー除去処理塔から排出された。その後、スラリーポンプ5により、PVCスラリーは熱交換器3で50℃まで冷却され、PVCスラリータンク6中へ導入された。
多孔棚板上で水蒸気と接触して、PVC樹脂スラリー中から除去された塩化ビニルモノマーは、水蒸気に同伴されて塔頂まで達し、脱気口11から凝縮器7に導かれて塩化ビニルモノマーと凝縮水に分離され、塩化ビニルモノマーは液化回収工程へ送られた。また、凝縮水に塩化ビニルモノマーが多く含まれる場合は、ふたたびPVCスラリー導入部から残留モノマー除去装置に導き再び処理された。
結果を表1に示したが、実施例1によれば、残留塩化ビニルモノマーを230ppbまで除去できた。また、PVC樹脂の黄色度は2.52と良好であった。またPVCスラリーを導入した導入口22および室56の器壁には、PVC粒子の付着はなかった。
【0045】
実施例2
PVCスラリーとして、平均重合度700のホモポリマー30重量%、塩化ビニルモノマー25000ppm含有するスラリーを用い、該スラリーをPVCスラリー導入口19(室59)から導入する以外は、実施例1と同様にしてPVCスラリーを処理した。
結果を表1に示したが、実施例2によれば、残留塩化ビニルモノマーを320ppbまで除去することができた。PVC樹脂の黄色度は7.72であった。また、室59の器壁には、PVC粒子の付着は観察されなかった。さらにフッシュアイの評価を行ったところ、PVC膜100cm2中に7個と非常に少なかった。
【0046】
比較例1
塔頂室にのみ管径80A(D/d=1)のスラリー導入管および同じ径のスラリー導入口を有する以外は実施例1と同じ仕様を有する残留モノマー除去装置を用い、実施例1で用いたと同じPVCスラリーを処理した。
結果を表1に示した。比較例1によれば、残留塩化ビニルモノマーは180ppbまで除去できたが、黄色度は6.84であり、実施例より悪化していた。また室56の器壁には、PVC粒子の付着があり、一部層状にPVC粒子が付着していた。
比較例2
比較例1と同じ装置を用い、実施例2で用いたPVCスラリーを用いる以外は比較例1と同じように行った。
結果を表1に示した。比較例2によれば、残留塩化ビニルモノマーを300ppbまで除去できたが、黄色度は、8.76であり、実施例1よりも熱劣化が進んでいた。また室59の器壁には、PVC粒子の付着があり、水洗にても洗浄除去できなかった。また、フッシュアイの評価を行ったところ、PCV膜100cm2中に2787個と非常に多く、製品として不適当であった。
【表1】

Figure 0003978797
(*)使用したPVCスラリー:
〔a〕…PVC重合度1000のホモポリマー、スラリー濃度30%、残留モノマー濃度:27000ppm
〔b〕…PVC重合度700のホモポリマー、スラリー濃度30%、残留モノマー濃度:25000ppm
(**)…PVCスラリー導入室No.:PVCスラリーが導入される室を塔の下か数えて記載した。
【0047】
【発明の効果】
以上の結果から明らかなように、本発明の残留モノマー除去処理装置によれば、以下の効果を奏すことができる。
(1)PVCスラリーより残留モノマーを、PVCの熱劣化を最小限に抑えつつ、高効率で除去することができる。
(2)残留モノマーを除去する場合に、PVCスラリーと水蒸気との接触処理時間を、PVCスラリーに適した時間に調節して、必要以上の水蒸気との接触によるPVCの熱劣化を防止することができる。
(3)PVCスラリーの脱モノマー処理量を一定にしたまま、PVCスラリーの滞留時間を、PVCスラリー導入部を変更することにより任意に調整することができる。
(4)PVCスラリーを導入する処理塔室内での、スラリーの飛散を防止し、処理塔器壁へのPVC粒子の付着を防止できる。
(5)処理対象のPVCスラリーを変更する場合、処理塔内にPVCスラリー粒子が残留しにくく、異品種の混入によるフッシュアイの発生を防げる。
【0048】
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の残留モノマー除去装置の概念図。
【図2】多孔板の模式的平面図。
【図3】多孔板上へのPVCスラリー導入部の模式的断面図。
【図4】PVCスラリー導入部の模式的断面図。
【符号の説明】
1…PVCスラリータンク、2…ポンプ、3…熱交換器、4…残留モノマー除去処理装置、5…ポンプ、6…PVCスラリータンク、7…凝縮器、8…塔頂室、9…塔底室、10…水蒸気導入口、11…脱気口、12…PVCスラリー排出口、13〜18…流下管、19〜24…PVCスラリー導入部、25〜31…温水噴射リング、32〜38…多孔板、39〜44…区画壁、45…仕切板、46…塔本体、47…多孔板、48…スラリー導入管、49…開閉弁、50…スラリー導入口、51…温水洗浄装置、52〜59…室、60…サンプリング口。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a residual monomer removing method and a residual monomer removing apparatus using the same, and particularly, vinyl chloride remaining in PVC particles and in an aqueous medium when producing a vinyl chloride resin (hereinafter abbreviated as PVC). The present invention relates to a residual monomer removal method and apparatus for removing unreacted residual monomers mainly composed of monomers (hereinafter abbreviated as VCM) and the like.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In general, PVC is produced by suspension polymerization, emulsion polymerization, bulk polymerization, and the like. From the advantages of easily removing reaction heat and obtaining a product with less impurities, suspension polymerization, Emulsion polymerization is widely used.
The suspension polymerization method and the emulsion polymerization method are usually performed by charging VCM together with an aqueous medium, a dispersant or an emulsifier, a polymerization initiator and the like into a polymerization vessel equipped with a stirrer, and polymerizing the mixture while stirring at a predetermined temperature. Is called.
The polymerization reaction is usually not carried out until the VCM is 100% converted to PVC, and is stopped at a stage where the production efficiency is high, that is, the stage where the polymerization conversion is 80 to 95%. After completion of the polymerization reaction, the residual monomer in the polymerization vessel is separated and recovered from the PVC slurry (mainly a mixed dispersion of PVC particles and an aqueous medium), but the PVC slurry contains several percent of unreacted residual monomer. Is normal.
[0003]
Next, the PVC slurry is mechanically separated from the aqueous medium and dried by hot air drying or other various methods to form PVC powder. At this time, the separated aqueous medium, exhaust by hot air drying, and PVC powder contain VCM to the extent that it is problematic for environmental hygiene reasons or is clearly recognized as harmful.
Various methods have been proposed to completely remove such production emissions and VCM in PVC powder or to reduce its content to an extent that is not harmful to environmental health.
As a method for better removing and recovering unreacted residual monomer, there is a method for removing and recovering residual monomer from PVC slurry using a processing tower equipped with a plurality of perforated plate shelves and a water vapor inlet at the bottom. Have been proposed (see Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Nos. 54-8893 and 56-22305).
A feature of these methods is a perforated plate shelf stage whose bottom surface is composed of a perforated plate, and partition walls are installed on the perforated plate so as to form a staggered processing passage. While flowing along the processing path on the shelf stage, the PVC slurry is exposed to water vapor injected from below through the pores of the perforated plate, and the residual monomer contained in the PVC slurry is evaporated and separated. It is.
Furthermore, by expanding the tower diameter of the upper part of the processing tower from that of the lower part, it is possible to suppress the foaming that occurs in the upper part of the tower and to prevent the introduction of deteriorated particles caused by stable operation and foaming. A method and apparatus have been proposed (see Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 07-224109).
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The contact time with water vapor required for removal of VCM in the PVC slurry varies depending on the PVC grade. Generally, a low polymerization degree PVC slurry is difficult to demonomerize, and a high polymerization degree PVC slurry is easy to demonomerize.
However, in the above method, the residence time of the PVC slurry is kept constant by the processing passage and the partition plate on the perforated plate shelf, so that the contact time with the water vapor required for removing the residual monomer differs depending on the type. Different PVC slurries cannot be processed efficiently in the same facility.
That is, in an apparatus designed to process a PVC slurry from which residual monomer is easily removed, when processing a PVC slurry from which residual monomer is difficult to remove, the contact time with water vapor is insufficient and the PVC slurry is more difficult to remove. Unreacted residual monomer cannot be removed sufficiently. Conversely, in an apparatus designed to process a PVC slurry in which residual monomer is difficult to remove, when processing a PVC slurry in which residual monomer is easily removed, the PVC particles are removed even after the monomer is removed. However, contact with water vapor more than necessary causes thermal deterioration and impairs the quality of the PVC product.
[0005]
Also, in a PVC manufacturing factory, usually, a plurality of varieties are often manufactured with the same equipment. Therefore, when the production type is switched to a different type, if PVC powder remains in the facility, PVC particles of different types are mixed, causing problems such as fish eyes and reducing the product value.
Furthermore, even in the case of the same type of treatment, if the PVC particles adhere to the residual monomer removal tower and stay for a long time, they cause thermal deterioration due to water vapor, and the particles turn brown (the particles change color due to thermal deterioration). Hereinafter referred to as coloring). When colored PVC particles adhering to the inside of the tower are peeled off from the vessel wall and mixed in the PVC slurry, the product value is lowered during the processing of the product.
In addition, in the demonomer method that suppresses foaming, which will be described later, although some PVC deterioration due to foaming can be prevented, it is scattered when PVC slurry is introduced into the tower from the introduction section, and adheres to the wall inside the tower. , Causing problems with the colored PVC particles as described above.
[0006]
The object of the present invention is to remove the residual monomer contained in the PVC slurry at the end of the polymerization reaction by steam treatment when sequentially producing a plurality of products having different properties using the same equipment. In addition to preventing the dispersion of the slurry that occurs in the column, the adhesion of PVC particles to the walls inside the tower is prevented, and by adjusting the treatment time to a time suitable for each PVC slurry to be treated, high residual due to insufficient treatment An object of the present invention is to provide a residual monomer removing apparatus and method which can prevent a product having a monomer concentration, prevent deterioration of PVC due to excessive treatment, and further prevent quality deterioration due to mixing of different varieties.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of diligent research on the above problems, the inventors of the present invention can adjust the residence time in the residual monomer removal apparatus so as to be suitable for a plurality of types of PVC slurry, and prevent scattering at the PVC slurry introduction part. , PVC powder does not remain in the processing equipment when switching between different varieties, inside the equipment wall, in the introduction pipe from the inlet that tends to be a blind spot to the on-off valve, and further on the on-off valve and the slurry inlet The present invention has reached a method and an apparatus for removing residual monomers without adhesion of PVC particles.
That is, the invention claimed by the present application is as follows.
[0009]
(1) An apparatus for removing the residual monomer from the polyvinyl chloride-containing slurry containing the residual monomer after the completion of the polymerization, the apparatus comprising a cylindrical tower body and a plurality of pores provided in the vertical direction in the tower body A plate, a plurality of chambers formed on the perforated plate as a bottom surface, a slurry introducing portion provided in at least two chambers of the chamber, and a perforated plate in a lower chamber from a perforated plate in an upper chamber A lower part provided between the perforated plates so as to flow down the slurry sequentially, a water vapor inlet provided at the bottom of the tower body, a deaeration hole provided at the top of the tower body, and the slurry inlet. A slurry discharge port provided in a chamber below the chamber, and a hot water jetting unit disposed at least toward the lower surface of the porous plate immediately below the porous plate, and the slurry introducing portion is , Provided in the tower body The slurry inlet and the slurry inlet pipe connected to the slurry inlet, and the inner diameter of the slurry inlet pipe is expanded to 1.2 times or more toward the slurry inlet. And a residual monomer removing device.
[0010]
(2) An on-off valve is installed in a slurry introduction part provided in a chamber located below the uppermost chamber (1) Residual monomer removing device.
(3) The on-off valve of the slurry introduction part is a ball valve (2) Residual monomer removing device.
(4) A hot water injection means is provided between the slurry introduction port of the slurry introduction part and the on-off valve toward the on-off valve (2) Residual monomer removing device.
(5) In the method of removing residual monomer from the polyvinyl chloride-containing slurry containing residual monomer after completion of polymerization using the apparatus described in (1) above, when introducing the slurry from the slurry introduction part of the chamber The amount of slurry introduced is 1 m in the area of the porous plate forming the bottom of the chamber 2 0.1-300m per Three / H and the linear velocity of the slurry at the slurry inlet of the chamber is 6 m / sec. A method for removing a residual monomer, characterized by:
[0011]
In the present invention, a PVC slurry introduction section is provided in any two or more chambers of a residual monomer removing device provided with a perforated plate shelf, thereby processing a PVC slurry that requires a long time for evaporation and separation of residual monomers. When the PVC slurry is introduced, the PVC slurry is introduced from the slurry introduction part in the upper chamber to secure the residence time, and the residual monomer can be sufficiently separated and removed, while the PVC slurry capable of evaporating and separating the residual monomer in a short time is processed. In this case, the PVC slurry is introduced from the slurry introduction part in the lower chamber and the VCM is sufficiently evaporated and separated in a short residence time, so that the thermal deterioration of the PVC resin can be prevented.
[0012]
In the present invention, the linear velocity of the slurry at the slurry inlet is 6 m / sec. Slurry is introduced to remove residual monomer as follows. As a suitable apparatus for this purpose, the slurry introduction part has a large inside diameter toward the slurry introduction port provided in the slurry introduction tube and the tower body, and the slurry introduction tube reaches from the slurry introduction tube to the slurry introduction port. The linear velocity of the slurry at the slurry inlet is 6 m / sec. Due to the volume expansion of the slurry due to the temperature difference and pressure difference when the slurry is introduced into the tower body from the slurry introduction pipe. It is preferable to increase the diameter so as to maintain the following (preferably 5 m / sec. Or less). Such a tube diameter ratio is 1.2 or more, preferably 1.5 to 3.5, more preferably 1.5 to 2.0. That is, the slurry (temperature 50 to 150 ° C.) introduced from the slurry introduction part is pressurized (0.5 to 10 kg / cm) by a pump.2However, since the temperature in the tower is higher than the temperature of the slurry in the slurry introduction pipe (normal temperature difference of 5 to 50 ° C.), the VCM contained in the slurry at the time of slurry introduction is vaporized and the volume is increased. It expands rapidly. At this time, if the diameters of the slurry introduction pipe and the slurry inlet of the tower main body are the same, the slurry is scattered on the wall of the tower due to the volume expansion and the flow rate by the pump transfer. In order to prevent this, a capacity commensurate with volume expansion is secured in a space where the diameter of the pipe reaching the slurry inlet is increased, and the linear velocity at the slurry inlet is 6 m / sec. Hereinafter, preferably 5 to 1 m / sec. To. As a result, it is possible to prevent the slurry from scattering due to the instantaneous volume expansion of the dissolved gas, and to prevent coloring due to the particles adhering to the inner wall of the tower being exposed to water vapor for a long time. The slurry inlet provided in the tower body is preferably located above the slurry surface of the chamber in which the slurry inlet is provided. It is desirable that the diameter of the slurry introduction pipe is gradually increased so as not to hinder the flow of the slurry. In addition, the slurry introduction pipe before being expanded is made to be thinner than the pipe diameter of the slurry introduction port so that the PVC particles in the slurry are accumulated in the horizontal portion of the pipe and the pipe is not blocked. It is necessary to ensure a sufficient slurry flow rate.
[0013]
Moreover, it is preferable that the on-off valve is provided in the slurry introduction part provided in the chamber located below the uppermost chamber. The on-off valve provided in the slurry introduction pipe selects one of a plurality of slurry introduction parts of the demonomer tower and introduces the slurry, in other words, selects the slurry introduction part to be used according to the demonomer characteristics of the slurry. Used when That is, by opening the on-off valve of the selected slurry introduction unit and closing the on-off valves of the other slurry introduction units, the slurry can be supplied from the selected slurry introduction unit to the demonomer tower. As such an on-off valve, a ball valve is preferable. In this way, by providing an on-off valve in each of the plurality of slurry introduction portions, residual resin from the previously treated slurry is mixed in from the introduction pipe that is not currently used, or the slurry currently being treated is not currently used. It can be prevented from entering the introduction pipe and becoming contaminated at the next use.
It is desirable to provide a hot water injection device at least between the slurry inlet and the on-off valve of the PVC slurry introduction section toward the on-off valve, and to clean the on-off valve, the on-off valve, and the slurry inlet as needed. Further, it is preferable that the positions of the slurry inlet and the on-off valve are as close as possible to facilitate cleaning between them. This hot water cleaning apparatus is used, for example, to clean other PVC slurry introduction parts that are not used for introduction of PVC slurry while introducing a slurry from a PVC slurry introduction part and performing monomer removal treatment. In this way, it is possible to more effectively prevent the generation of discolored particles due to the long-term retention of PVC particles in the PVC slurry introduction part, and further prevent the PVC particles from remaining in the PVC slurry introduction part at the time of product type switching, and mixing different kinds of products. Can be prevented.
[0014]
In the present invention, PVC refers to a VCM homopolymer, a copolymer of a polymerizable monomer capable of undergoing a polymerization reaction with VCM and VCM, a polymer obtained by graft-polymerizing VCM to an olefin polymer, and the like. It is a polymer composition containing more than one type. In order to efficiently remove the residual monomer according to the present invention, a polymer containing 50% by weight or more of VCM as a structural unit of the polymer is preferable.
The polymerization method for obtaining the polymer may be suspension polymerization or emulsion polymerization.
[0015]
Specific examples of polymerizable monomers capable of undergoing a polymerization reaction with VCM include carboxylic acid esters of vinyl alcohol such as vinyl acetate, vinyl ethers such as alkyl vinyl ether, and esters of unsaturated carboxylic acid such as acrylate and methacrylate. , Vinylidene halides such as vinylidene chloride and vinylidene fluoride, unsaturated nitriles such as acrylonitrile, and olefins such as ethylene and propylene.
[0016]
For the polymerization reaction, dispersants such as polyvinyl alcohol and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, emulsifiers such as sodium alkyl sulfate and sodium alkyl sulfonate, and buffering agents, particle size adjusting agents, scale adhesion inhibitors, antifoaming agents, etc. as necessary Are used, there is a case where a small amount of these is mixed in the PVC slurry.
The PVC slurry treated in the present invention preferably has a concentration of PVC dispersed in the PVC slurry, that is, a slurry concentration of 5 to 45% by weight, more preferably 10 to 40% by weight. When the slurry concentration is too high, the fluidity of the PVC slurry in the tower is deteriorated. On the other hand, if it is too low, the removal processing efficiency decreases.
[0017]
After the polymerization reaction is completed, the PVC slurry to be treated according to the present invention is recovered by discharging the unreacted VCM by the pressure inside the polymerization vessel, and the internal pressure is reduced to normal pressure, and then transferred to the PVC slurry tank. However, the PVC slurry may be transferred to the PVC slurry tank before the polymerization pressure is lowered to the normal pressure or when the polymerization is stopped at an arbitrary polymerization conversion rate.
The PVC slurry transferred to the PVC slurry tank is introduced into the residual monomer removing apparatus of the present invention at a predetermined flow rate using a pump.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0018]
In the present invention, a residual monomer removing device that can be suitably used, and a process for removing residual monomer from a PVC slurry using this device will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. It is not limited.
[0019]
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a residual monomer removal treatment apparatus, FIG. 2 is a schematic plan view of a perforated plate, and FIGS. 3 and 4 are schematic cross-sectional views of a PVC slurry introduction part on the perforated plate. In FIG. 1, a residual monomer removing device 4 includes a cylindrical tower body 46, a plurality of perforated plates 32 to 38 provided in the vertical direction in the tower body, and the perforated plates as bottom surfaces. A plurality of chambers, slurry introduction portions 19 to 24 provided in at least two of the chambers, and the perforated plate so that the slurry flows down sequentially from the perforated plate in the upper chamber to the perforated plate in the lower chamber Downstream portions 13 to 18 provided in the middle, a water vapor inlet 10 provided at the bottom of the tower body, a deaeration hole 11 provided at the top of the tower body, and a chamber below the chamber having the slurry inlet. A slurry discharge port 12 provided in the chamber; and hot water injection means 25 to 31 installed at least toward the lower surface of the porous plate immediately below the porous plate. As shown in the figure It is connected to the rally inlet 50, and the diameter of the slurry inlet pipe 48 is gradually increased toward the slurry inlet 50 so as to be about 1.2 times or more (D / d ≧ 1.2 in the figure). It is configured as follows.
The PVC slurry obtained by suspension polymerization or emulsion polymerization temporarily stored in the PVC slurry tank 1 is guided to the heat exchanger 3 by the pump 2, heated to a predetermined temperature in the heat exchanger 3, and then remains. It introduce | transduces into the tower | column from arbitrary PVC slurry introduction parts 19-24 of the monomer removal apparatus 4. FIG. The slurry introduction part 19 in the uppermost chamber is not provided with an opening / closing valve, but an opening / closing valve may be provided if necessary.
[0020]
The flow rate of the PVC slurry introduced into the tower is 1 m in area of the porous plate 47 shown in FIG.20.1-300m perThree/ H (more preferably 1 to 100 mThree/ H), it is preferable to adjust the transport amount of the pump 2.
The PVC slurry introduced into the tower is preferably preheated to 50 to 100 ° C. by the heat exchanger 3. This preheating improves the residual monomer removal efficiency.
[0021]
The inner diameter of the tower body 46 is 200 to 10000 mm, and the tower height is 2 to 20 times, more preferably 5 to 15 times the inner diameter. If necessary, the inner diameters of the chambers in the tower may be different.
[0022]
In the residual monomer removing apparatus 4, a tower bottom and a perforated plate, a perforated plate and a perforated plate located immediately above the perforated plate, or a space defined by the perforated plate and the top of the tower is referred to as a chamber. The number of chambers required for residual monomer treatment is determined by the residence time required when removing residual monomer from the PVC slurry.
[0023]
The difficulty of removing the monomer from the PVC slurry is due to the structure of the PVC particles in the PVC slurry. When the pore volume ratio in the PVC particles is large, the contact between the PVC particles and water vapor is good and the monomer is easily removed, and when the pore volume ratio is small, the monomer removal is difficult.
[0024]
The residence time of the PVC slurry in the tower is determined by the degree of difficulty of depolymerization of the PVC slurry as described above, the residual monomer concentration contained in the PVC slurry introduced into the tower, and the treatment at the PVC slurry outlet 12. Determined by the set value of the residual monomer concentration.
[0025]
If the residence time of the PVC slurry in the tower is long, residual monomers can be highly removed from the PVC particles present in the PVC slurry. However, if the residence time is too long, the PVC particles cause coloring due to thermal deterioration. Therefore, it is not preferable to contact the PVC slurry with water vapor more than necessary. Therefore, it is necessary to adjust the residence time in accordance with the degree of difficulty of the monomer removal of the PVC slurry.
[0026]
A suitable apparatus used in the present invention is provided with a slurry introduction part in each of a plurality of chambers provided in the vertical direction of the tower body. For example, highly difficult PVC slurry is introduced from the PVC slurry introduction part at the top of the tower. It is desirable that the PVC slurry having a low difficulty level is introduced from the slurry introduction part at the bottom of the tower. Taking a PVC slurry having a high degree of difficulty as an example, the slurry is introduced into the tower body from the slurry introduction part 19 at the top of the tower. The introduced PVC slurry passes through the processing passage in which the partition walls 39 to 44 on the porous plate 32 and the tower body 46 are formed, overflows the partition plate 45 (FIG. 3), passes through the downflow pipe 13 and is porous. Introduced on the plate 33. The slurry introduced onto the perforated plate 33 subsequently passes on the treatment path on the perforated plate 33 and further flows through the flow down pipe 14 onto the perforated plate 34 below. After passing through the processing passages to the perforated plates 32 to 38 in this manner, the PVC slurry is discharged from the PVC slurry outlet 12 in the tower bottom chamber 52 to the outside of the tower. For example, in the case of a medium-grade PVC slurry, the PVC slurry is introduced from the PVC slurry introduction unit 21 and is passed through the treatment passages on the porous plates 34 to 38 to shorten the residence time. Similarly, for example, in the case of a PVC slurry having a good demonomerization property, introduction from the slurry introduction part 23 can further shorten the residence time and avoid thermal deterioration due to contact with water vapor more than necessary.
[0027]
As shown in FIG. 3, the configuration of the slurry introduction section for introducing the PVC slurry is composed of a PVC slurry introduction pipe 48, an on-off valve 49, and a PVC slurry introduction port 50, and the inner diameter of the PVC slurry introduction pipe 48 is the slurry introduction port 50. The inner diameter is increased to 1.2 times or more, preferably 1.5 to 3.5 times, more preferably 1.5 to 2.0 times.
As shown in FIG. 4, another preferred form of the slurry introduction pipe 48 is one in which the length of the horizontal enlarged diameter portion L is 1 m or more, and opens toward the liquid level inside the tower inside the slurry introduction port. A guide tube 52 is provided. In this way, by providing a horizontal expanded portion of a predetermined length or more, it is possible to alleviate the flow disturbance due to rapid volume expansion of the slurry, and to suppress the vaporization of VCM in the introduction pipe by the slurry's own weight. In addition, by providing the guide tube 52, the slurry can be selectively introduced into the liquid surface on the perforated plate to prevent its scattering, and the gasified VCM can be easily released to the gas phase part in the tower. . Note that the slurry introduction tube may be provided to be inclined toward the slurry introduction port so that the slurry does not easily stagnate.
In addition, a hot water injection device 51 is provided between the slurry introduction port 50 and the on-off valve 49 in the slurry introduction unit. The hot water injection device 51 includes a hot water pipe provided through the side of the slurry inlet and a spray nozzle provided at the tip thereof. The spray nozzle is preferably disposed toward the on-off valve so as to clean PVC in a dead space between the on-off valve and the slurry inlet.
[0028]
The structure of the on-off valve 49 of the PVC slurry introduction part is preferably a structure in which the PVC slurry does not stay in the valve or the PVC slurry introduction part. There is no particular limitation as long as it has such a valve structure, but a ball valve is particularly preferable. In the case of a ball valve, PVC slurry does not stay in the valve, and even when the type of PVC slurry to be processed is switched, PVC particles do not remain in the PVC slurry introduction part, and fish eyes are generated in PVC molded products due to mixing of different types. Good results that do not occur can be obtained. As for the position of the valve, if it is installed as close to the tower body as possible, the slurry does not stay between the PVC slurry inlet and the valve, and a good result can be obtained.
[0029]
Further, when the PVC slurry to be treated is switched, the warm water cleaning device 51 as described above can be installed in the PVC slurry introduction unit in order to avoid mixing different kinds of products. By washing the PVC slurry introduction port with a hot water washing device at the time of changing the product type or during the residual monomer removing operation, the occurrence of fish eyes due to mixing of different product types is reduced.
Moreover, it is possible to prevent the PVC slurry from staying in the slurry introduction portion for a long period by washing the slurry introduction portion that is not used for introducing the PVC slurry during the operation of the residual monomer removing apparatus.
[0030]
Each of the porous plates 32 to 38 having a large number of pores has several partition walls provided vertically on the surface thereof, and forms a chamber (space) between the lower surface of the upper shelf plate. The pores of the perforated plate are opened so that the monomer removal treatment is performed by water vapor injected from the pores when the PVC slurry flows on the perforated plate.
The size of the pores is such that the PVC slurry does not flow down through the pores, and the pores are not clogged, and the water vapor pressure and the amount of water vapor introduced so that the water vapor injected from below constantly passes uniformly. Is set in consideration of
[0031]
The pores opened in the perforated plate have a diameter of 5 mm or less, preferably 0.5 to 2 mm, more preferably 0.7 to 1.5 mm. The aperture ratio (total pore area / porous plate area) of the porous plate is 0.001 to 10%, preferably 0.04 to 4%, more preferably 0.2 to 2%.
If the opening ratio is too small, the PVC particles existing in the PVC slurry flowing on the perforated plate shelf are not sufficiently stirred, the PVC particles settle, and the removal efficiency of the residual monomer from the PVC particles decreases. . Moreover, the fluidity | liquidity of a PVC slurry also falls. On the other hand, if the aperture ratio is too large, a phenomenon in which the PVC slurry flows down from the pores (hereinafter referred to as “liquid leakage”) occurs, or a large amount of water vapor is wasted to prevent liquid leakage from the pores. become.
[0032]
A partition wall is for ensuring the process channel which a PVC slurry can flow on a perforated panel. The PVC slurry flows on the perforated shelf for a certain period of time by the processing passage formed by the partition wall, and during that time, the PVC slurry is subjected to the demonomer treatment with water vapor supplied from below. FIGS. 2 and 3 show a structure in which partition walls 39 to 44 are alternately arranged on the upper surface of the perforated plate 47.
[0033]
The residence time of the PVC slurry inside the residual monomer removing apparatus corresponds to the time for the PVC slurry to pass through the treatment passage on the perforated plate. Therefore, in order to lengthen the passage time, the number of partition walls may be increased to lengthen the processing path, or the height of the partition plate may be increased. The processing path is determined by the method of installing the partition wall, but the ninety nine fold type (sheep intestine type) shown in FIG. 2 is preferable, and in addition, the spiral type, the arrow wheel type, or the star shape (radial) is the situation. It can be selected according to.
[0034]
The perforated plate according to the present invention is not particularly limited in the number of partition walls and the width of the processing passage. However, if the number of partition walls is excessively increased or the width of the processing passage is too small, the flow rate of the flowing PVC is increased. Since this increases and exceeds the partition wall, PVC slurries having different residence times are mixed, which lowers the quality of the product, which is not desirable.
[0035]
The apparatus of the present invention has a water vapor inlet 10 in the tower bottom chamber 9, and water vapor injected from the water vapor inlet 10 flows into the PVC slurry flowing on the porous shelf plate through the pores of the porous plate. Infused. The amount of steam introduced at this time is 1 m PVC slurry.ThreeThe hit is 1 to 100 kg / h, preferably 5 to 50 kg / h. If the amount of water vapor introduced is too small, the PVC particles in the PVC slurry will settle, and the residual monomer in the PVC slurry cannot be efficiently removed. On the other hand, when the amount of introduced water vapor is too large, splashing of the PVC slurry becomes violent and flooding may occur. Moreover, the removal effect of the residual monomer in the PVC slurry is not improved for a large amount of water vapor introduced.
[0036]
Further, when the temperature of the PVC slurry is high, the removal efficiency of the residual monomer is improved. However, when the temperature is too high, the PVC particles are colored due to thermal deterioration, and the quality is deteriorated. Therefore, adjusting the temperature of the PVC slurry leads to obtaining high-quality PVC. In general, it is desirable to adjust the water vapor temperature and the amount of water vapor introduced so that the temperature of the slurry flowing on the perforated plate is 50 to 150 ° C., preferably 70 to 120 ° C., more preferably 80 to 110 ° C.
Moreover, the pressure inside the tower body 4 of the residual monomer removing apparatus is 0.2 to 3 Kg / cm.2(Abs) is desirable.
[0037]
In addition, at least one hot water jetting device is installed in the tower body 4 of the residual monomer removing device of the present invention. In the apparatus of FIG. 1, the hot water injection devices 25 to 31 are formed with pipes in a predetermined shape and are provided directly below the perforated plates 31 to 36, respectively, and hot water is injected from the injection nozzle every predetermined time, Clean the bottom of the shelf and the inner wall of the tower. The number of spray nozzles and the position of the nozzle holes are not particularly limited, but it is preferable to set the hot water so that it is sprayed from the spray nozzles in the range of 10 to 60 degrees intersecting the vertical line.
[0038]
The plane shape of the pipes of the hot water jet devices 25 to 31 is usually like the Greek letter Ω type or Φ type or spiral type, star type or sheep intestine type (ninety nine folds), and the centers are alternately the same. Multiple ring type may be used. The hot water injection devices 25 to 31 are installed in parallel with the perforated shelves and need only be accommodated inside the tower, but if they are too close to the inner wall of the trunk plate, the washed away PVC particles may block the gap. It is good to install so that the outer diameter of warm water injection device 25-31 may come in the distance which is 20 mm or more away from the inner wall of the tower. The outer diameter of the hot water injection devices 25 to 31 is preferably 150 to 8000 mm.
[0039]
Moreover, the shape of the injection | spray nozzle hole provided in the hot water injection apparatus 25-31 can select suitable things, such as a circular hole, an oblong hole, and a slit, according to a use purpose. Here, the maximum diameter of the circular hole or oval hole is usually 1 to 8 mm, and the maximum length of the slit can be selected from 1 to 8 mm.
[0040]
The PVC slurry from which the residual monomer has been removed by the residual monomer removing device 4 is guided to the heat exchanger 3 by the pump 5, cooled by heat exchange, temporarily stored in the PVC slurry tank 6, and then subjected to a dehydration process. Then, it is sent to a drying device (not shown). The monomer gas removed in the residual monomer removing device passes through the deaeration port 11 at the top of the column, condenses and separates the water vapor in the condenser 7, and is transferred to the liquefaction recovery step. Here, when a large amount of vinyl chloride monomer is contained in the condensed water condensed in the condenser 7, the condensed water may be reintroduced into the residual monomer removing device for treatment.
[0041]
【Example】
EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although this invention is demonstrated concretely using an Example and a comparative example, this invention is not limited by this.
[0042]
Evaluation methods used in Examples and Comparative Examples are as follows.
(1) Measuring method of residual monomer concentration
Residual monomer removal PVC slurry discharged from the PVC slurry discharge port 12 is sampled from the sampling port 60, dehydrated, and subjected to a headspace method using a gas chromatograph 9A (trade name) manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation. The residual vinyl chloride monomer concentration in the ppb range in the vinyl chloride polymer was measured. The conditions were in accordance with ASTM method D4443, and FID was used for the detection unit.
(2) Thermal degradation measurement method
The PVC slurry before and after the removal of the residual monomer was dehydrated and dried at 40 ° C. for 24 hours, and then a PVC plate was prepared with the following composition and roll conditions. The degree of thermal deterioration of the PVC plate was measured according to JIS method K7105. It measured according to. The larger the measured value, the greater the degree of thermal degradation.
composition
100 parts of PVC
Tribasic lead sulfate 3
Dibasic lead sulfate 1
Calcium stearate 1
Stearic acid 0.5
Roll conditions
Roll type 8 inch roll
Roll temperature 170 ° C
Roll time 15 minutes
Roll film thickness 0.32mm
[0043]
(3) Fisheye evaluation method
A PVC film obtained by processing the PVC resin obtained by drying the PVC slurry sampled from the PVC slurry sampling port 60 in FIG.2Each of the ranges was counted and the average of these was taken.
composition
100 parts of PVC
45 parts of dioctyl phthalate
Lead stabilizer 4 parts
Roll conditions
Roll type 6 inch roll
Roll temperature 150 ° C
Roll time 5 minutes
Roll film thickness 0.32mm
(4) Evaluation method for adhesion of PVC particles on the wall of the residual monomer removal tower
In the residual monomer removal treatment tower, after operating for 48 hours in total for the same grade, the degree of adhesion was confirmed by observing the inner wall of the room into which the PVC slurry was introduced. The evaluation was performed by the following method.
A: There is a metallic luster on the vessel wall and there is no adhesion of PVC particles.
B: Although there is adhesion of PVC particles, it can be easily removed by washing with water.
C: There is adhesion of PVC particles that cannot be removed by washing with water, and the color is changed to brown.
D: PVC particles are attached in a layered manner and changed to dark brown.
[0044]
Example 1
The residual monomer removing apparatus used in Example 1 has the same structure as the apparatus shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 and has the following specifications.
a) Residual monomer removal treatment tower
Number of treatment towers: 8 rooms
From the bottom, the PVC slurry introduction part is provided in the 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 chambers.
b) Perforated plate
Tower diameter: 1500 mm
Pore diameter: 1.3 mm
Opening ratio: 0.3% (total pore area of perforated plate / area of perforated plate)
Partition wall: 500 mm
Processing passage width: 200 mm
c) Hot water injection device
Diameter: 900 mm
Shape: Ring with pipe diameter 50A (outer diameter 60.5mm)
d) PVC slurry introduction part
PVC slurry introduction pipe diameter: 80A to 150A (D / d = 150/80)
PVC slurry inlet diameter: 150A
Valve type: Ball valve
After completion of the polymerization reaction, the PVC slurry (containing 30% by weight of a vinyl chloride homopolymer having an average degree of polymerization of 1000 and containing 25000 ppm of vinyl chloride monomer) is quickly transferred to the slurry tank 1 and 20 mThreeAfter being sent to the heat exchanger 3 by the pump 2 at / h and heated, it was introduced from the PVC slurry introduction port 22 of the residual monomer removing apparatus 4 of FIG. 1 having seven stages of porous shelves as shown in FIGS. . The PVC slurry flows on the treatment path partitioned by the upper partition walls of the porous shelf plates 32 to 38, and is subjected to the demonomer treatment by water vapor (106 ° C., 600 kg / h) injected from the pores of the porous shelf plates. Was done. The PVC slurry flowing on the porous shelf board was heated to 100 ° C. by the water vapor, flowed down through the flow down pipe, and discharged from the PVC slurry discharge port 12 from the residual monomer removal processing tower. After that, the PVC slurry was cooled to 50 ° C. by the heat exchanger 3 by the slurry pump 5 and introduced into the PVC slurry tank 6.
The vinyl chloride monomer removed from the PVC resin slurry in contact with the water vapor on the porous shelf board reaches the top of the tower by being entrained with the water vapor, and is led to the condenser 7 from the deaeration port 11 to be vinyl chloride monomer and Separated into condensed water, the vinyl chloride monomer was sent to the liquefaction recovery process. Further, when a large amount of vinyl chloride monomer was contained in the condensed water, it was again guided from the PVC slurry introduction part to the residual monomer removing device and processed again.
The results are shown in Table 1. According to Example 1, the residual vinyl chloride monomer could be removed up to 230 ppb. The yellowness of the PVC resin was as good as 2.52. Moreover, there was no adhesion of PVC particles on the inlet 22 into which the PVC slurry was introduced and the wall of the chamber 56.
[0045]
Example 2
As a PVC slurry, a slurry containing 30% by weight of a homopolymer having an average degree of polymerization of 700 and 25,000 ppm of vinyl chloride monomer was used, and the slurry was introduced from the PVC slurry introduction port 19 (chamber 59). The PVC slurry was processed.
The results are shown in Table 1. According to Example 2, the residual vinyl chloride monomer could be removed up to 320 ppb. The yellowness of the PVC resin was 7.72. Moreover, adhesion of PVC particles was not observed on the wall of the chamber 59. Further, when the eye was evaluated, the PVC film was 100 cm.2There were very few inside.
[0046]
Comparative Example 1
A residual monomer removing apparatus having the same specifications as in Example 1 is used except that a slurry introduction pipe having a pipe diameter of 80 A (D / d = 1) and a slurry introduction port having the same diameter are provided only in the tower top chamber. The same PVC slurry was processed.
The results are shown in Table 1. According to Comparative Example 1, the residual vinyl chloride monomer could be removed up to 180 ppb, but the yellowness was 6.84, which was worse than that of the example. Further, PVC particles adhered to the wall of the chamber 56, and the PVC particles partially adhered in a layered manner.
Comparative Example 2
The same apparatus as in Comparative Example 1 was used, and the same procedure as in Comparative Example 1 was performed except that the PVC slurry used in Example 2 was used.
The results are shown in Table 1. According to Comparative Example 2, the residual vinyl chloride monomer could be removed up to 300 ppb, but the yellowness was 8.76, which was more thermally degraded than in Example 1. Further, PVC particles adhered to the wall of the chamber 59 and could not be removed by washing. Moreover, when the evaluation of the fish eye was performed, the PCV film 100 cm2It was very unsuitable as a product with 2787 inside.
[Table 1]
Figure 0003978797
(*) Used PVC slurry:
[A] ... PVC polymerization degree 1000 homopolymer, slurry concentration 30%, residual monomer concentration: 27000 ppm
[B] ... Homopolymer having a degree of PVC polymerization of 700, slurry concentration of 30%, residual monomer concentration: 25000 ppm
(**) PVC slurry introduction chamber No. : The chamber into which the PVC slurry was introduced was counted under the tower.
[0047]
【The invention's effect】
As is clear from the above results, the residual monomer removal treatment apparatus of the present invention can provide the following effects.
(1) Residual monomer can be removed from the PVC slurry with high efficiency while minimizing thermal degradation of PVC.
(2) When removing residual monomer, the contact treatment time between the PVC slurry and water vapor is adjusted to a time suitable for the PVC slurry to prevent thermal deterioration of the PVC due to contact with water vapor more than necessary. it can.
(3) The residence time of the PVC slurry can be arbitrarily adjusted by changing the PVC slurry introduction part while keeping the de-monomer treatment amount of the PVC slurry constant.
(4) It is possible to prevent the slurry from scattering in the processing tower chamber into which the PVC slurry is introduced, and to prevent the adhesion of PVC particles to the processing tower wall.
(5) When changing the PVC slurry to be treated, the PVC slurry particles hardly remain in the treatment tower, and it is possible to prevent generation of fish eyes due to mixing of different varieties.
[0048]
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram of a residual monomer removing apparatus of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic plan view of a perforated plate.
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a PVC slurry introduction portion on a perforated plate.
FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a PVC slurry introduction part.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... PVC slurry tank, 2 ... Pump, 3 ... Heat exchanger, 4 ... Residual monomer removal processing apparatus, 5 ... Pump, 6 ... PVC slurry tank, 7 ... Condenser, 8 ... Tower top chamber, 9 ... Tower bottom chamber DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 ... Steam inlet, 11 ... Deaeration port, 12 ... PVC slurry discharge port, 13-18 ... Downflow pipe, 19-24 ... PVC slurry introduction part, 25-31 ... Hot water injection ring, 32-38 ... Perforated plate , 39 to 44 ... partition walls, 45 ... partition plate, 46 ... tower body, 47 ... perforated plate, 48 ... slurry introduction pipe, 49 ... on-off valve, 50 ... slurry introduction port, 51 ... hot water washing device, 52 to 59 ... Chamber, 60 ... Sampling port.

Claims (5)

重合終了後の残留モノマーを含むポリ塩化ビニル含有スラリーから残留モノマーを除去する装置であって、該装置は、筒状の塔本体と、該塔本体内の垂直方向に設けられた複数の多孔板と、該多孔板をそれぞれ底面としてその上に形成された複数の室と、前記室の少なくとも2室にそれぞれ設けられたスラリー導入部と、上方の室の多孔板から下方の室の多孔板へスラリーを順次流下させるように該多孔板間に設けられた流下部と、塔本体の底部に設けられた水蒸気導入口と、塔本体の頂部に設けられた脱気孔と、前記スラリー導入口を有する室よりも下方の室に設けられたスラリー排出口と、前記多孔板の直下に、少なくとも前記多孔板の下面に向けて設置された温水噴射手段とを有し、かつ、前記スラリー導入部は、前記塔本体に設けられたスラリー導入口と、該スラリー導入口に連結されたスラリー導入管からなり、該スラリー導入管は、スラリー導入口へ向かってその内径が1.2倍以上に拡径されていることを特徴とする、残留モノマー除去装置。An apparatus for removing residual monomer from a polyvinyl chloride-containing slurry containing residual monomer after completion of polymerization, the apparatus comprising a cylindrical tower body and a plurality of perforated plates provided in a vertical direction in the tower body A plurality of chambers formed on the perforated plate as a bottom surface, slurry introducing portions provided in at least two chambers of the chamber, and a perforated plate in an upper chamber to a perforated plate in a lower chamber A lower part provided between the perforated plates so that the slurry flows down, a water vapor inlet provided at the bottom of the tower body, a deaeration hole provided at the top of the tower body, and the slurry inlet. A slurry discharge port provided in a chamber below the chamber, and hot water injection means installed at least toward the lower surface of the porous plate immediately below the porous plate, and the slurry introducing section is Provided in the tower body The slurry introduction port and a slurry introduction pipe connected to the slurry introduction port, the slurry introduction pipe is characterized in that its inner diameter is expanded to 1.2 times or more toward the slurry introduction port. A residual monomer removing device. 最上部の室より下方に位置する室に設けられたスラリー導入部に、開閉弁が設置されていることを特徴とする、請求項記載の残留モノマー除去装置。The slurry introducing portion provided in the chamber which is located below the top of the chamber, characterized in that the closing valve is provided, apparatus for removing residual monomers according to claim 1, wherein. スラリー導入部の開閉弁が、ボール弁であることを特徴とする請求項記載の残留モノマー除去装置。 3. The residual monomer removing apparatus according to claim 2 , wherein the on-off valve of the slurry introducing unit is a ball valve. スラリー導入部のスラリー導入口と開閉弁の間に該開閉弁に向かって温水噴射手段が設けられている請求項記載の残留モノマー除去装置。 3. The residual monomer removing device according to claim 2 , wherein a hot water injection means is provided between the slurry introduction port of the slurry introduction part and the on-off valve toward the on-off valve. 前記請求項1に記載された装置を用いて重合終了後の残留モノマーを含むポリ塩化ビニル含有スラリーから残留モノマーを除去する方法において、前記室のスラリー導入部からスラリーを導入する際に、スラリー導入量が、前記室の底面をなす多孔板の面積1m2 あたり0.1〜300m3 /hであり、かつ該室のスラリー導入口におけるスラリーの線速度が6m/sec.以下であることを特徴とする残留モノマーの除去方法。 In the method for removing residual monomer from the polyvinyl chloride-containing slurry containing the residual monomer after completion of polymerization using the apparatus according to claim 1, the slurry is introduced when the slurry is introduced from the slurry introduction part of the chamber. The amount is 0.1 to 300 m 3 / h per 1 m 2 of the area of the porous plate forming the bottom surface of the chamber, and the linear velocity of the slurry at the slurry inlet of the chamber is 6 m / sec. A method for removing a residual monomer, comprising:
JP34827296A 1996-12-26 1996-12-26 Residual monomer removal method and apparatus Expired - Lifetime JP3978797B2 (en)

Priority Applications (12)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP34827296A JP3978797B2 (en) 1996-12-26 1996-12-26 Residual monomer removal method and apparatus
CN97181495A CN1114623C (en) 1996-12-26 1997-12-24 Method and apparatus for removing residual monomers
DE69719369T DE69719369T2 (en) 1996-12-26 1997-12-24 METHOD AND DEVICES FOR REMOVING EXCESS MONOMERS
CA002276211A CA2276211A1 (en) 1996-12-26 1997-12-24 Methods and apparatus for removing residual monomers
US09/331,762 US6332958B1 (en) 1996-12-26 1997-12-24 Methods and apparatus for removing residual monomers
EP97950376A EP0949276B1 (en) 1996-12-26 1997-12-24 Methods and apparatus for removing residual monomers
IDW990750A ID22837A (en) 1996-12-26 1997-12-24 METHODS AND APARATUS TO REMOVE RESIDUAL MONOMERS
ES97950376T ES2190548T3 (en) 1996-12-26 1997-12-24 METHOD AND APPLIANCE TO REMOVE RESIDUAL MONOMERS.
PCT/JP1997/004789 WO1998029460A1 (en) 1996-12-26 1997-12-24 Methods and apparatus for removing residual monomers
KR10-1999-7005852A KR100505907B1 (en) 1996-12-26 1997-12-24 Methods and apparatus for removing residual monomers
TW086119693A TW418218B (en) 1996-12-26 1997-12-24 Device for depleting residual monomers from those containing chloroethylene as the main component
MYPI97006332A MY118053A (en) 1996-12-26 1997-12-26 Methods and apparatus for removing residual monomers

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EP0949276A4 (en) 2001-01-10
WO1998029460A1 (en) 1998-07-09
US6332958B1 (en) 2001-12-25
EP0949276B1 (en) 2003-02-26
ID22837A (en) 1999-12-09
JPH10182728A (en) 1998-07-07
DE69719369D1 (en) 2003-04-03
CA2276211A1 (en) 1998-07-09
DE69719369T2 (en) 2003-12-18
TW418218B (en) 2001-01-11
MY118053A (en) 2004-08-30
EP0949276A1 (en) 1999-10-13
ES2190548T3 (en) 2003-08-01
CN1114623C (en) 2003-07-16
CN1245505A (en) 2000-02-23
KR20000062362A (en) 2000-10-25
KR100505907B1 (en) 2005-08-04

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