JP3978108B2 - Laser processing equipment - Google Patents

Laser processing equipment Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3978108B2
JP3978108B2 JP2002276671A JP2002276671A JP3978108B2 JP 3978108 B2 JP3978108 B2 JP 3978108B2 JP 2002276671 A JP2002276671 A JP 2002276671A JP 2002276671 A JP2002276671 A JP 2002276671A JP 3978108 B2 JP3978108 B2 JP 3978108B2
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JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
cylindrical body
rotating
mirror
central axis
laser beam
Prior art date
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Expired - Fee Related
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JP2002276671A
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Japanese (ja)
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JP2004114051A (en
Inventor
辰彦 坂井
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Nippon Steel Corp
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Nippon Steel Corp
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Priority to JP2002276671A priority Critical patent/JP3978108B2/en
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、円筒体の外周部のレーザ加工装置に係わる。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来、円筒体の加工装置として、レーザ加工ヘッドを円周上に配置したレール上を移動させて加工する装置(例えば、特許文献1参照)、またはレーザ加工ヘッドは円筒体の軸方向の移動のみで、円筒体を回転させて外周を加工する装置(例えば、特許文献2参照)、またはリング状に成形したレーザビームを円筒体の中心軸上から入射して、外周部に照射する装置(例えば、特許文献3参照)がある。
【0003】
具体的に示せば、図2に示すように、加工ヘッド23を円筒体12の円周上に配置した移動レール22上を移動させて加工する、特許文献1のごとき装置では、固定されたレーザ装置20から加工ヘッド23までレーザビーム1を反射ミラー型のマニピュレータ21、あるいは光ファイバーで伝送する必要があるため、その回転可能範囲はマニピュレータ方式で1回転、光ファイバー伝送法でもせいぜい数回転である。また加工ヘッドの移動速度にも限界がある。従って、照射位置を高速移動し、且つ複数回転のレーザ照射が必要な応用には使用できない。
また、図3に示すような円筒体12を回転させる特許文献2のごとき方法は、高速回転加工や同一点への多数回照射も可能であるが、加工物が回転可能で且つ回転機に保持できる場合に限られる。また加工物の固定、位置あわせ等で工程が煩雑となる問題がある。
【0004】
さらに、図4に示すように、レーザビーム1をミラー25にてリング状に形成して、円筒体の外周部にリング状の放物面ミラー26にて集光する特許文献3のごとき方法は、円筒体12を回転させる必要はないものの、レーザビーム1の光路で円筒体端部が外部から遮られるため、円筒体端部を上から機械的に固定する方法がない。従って、端部に別の部品を突き合わせ溶接する等の応用が不可能であった。この問題を解決するために、例えば図5に示すように、レーザ透過材27を介して、円筒体端部を機械的に固定することは可能である。しかし一般にレーザ透過材料はガラスや結晶体であるため、機械的強度が弱く、重量物の固定や、円筒体端部に加圧を行う場合には使用できないという欠点がある。
【0005】
【特許文献1】
特開平10−272586号公報
【特許文献2】
特開平11−138287号公報
【特許文献3】
特開昭57−181790号公報
【0006】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明の課題は、円筒体外周部の加工において、円筒体端部を固定、あるいは加圧した状態において、高速で、且つ多数回転によるレーザ照射処理が可能なレーザ加工装置を提供することにある。
【0007】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明の請求項1は、被加工材である円筒体端部を加圧して固定する固定板と、当該固定板をベアリングを介して保持する前記円筒体の中心軸と共通の中心軸を有し該中心軸の回りに回転可能な中空の回転円筒体と、前記回転円筒体の側面にはレーザビームを通過させる開口設けられており、回転円筒内部中心上に固定され回転円筒体中心軸方向のうち被加工材と反対方向から入射したレーザビームを受光して90°反射し前記開口を通して出射させ且つ前記回転円筒体と共に回転する回転ミラーと、当該回転ミラーで反射され、回転円筒体の開口を通過したレーザビームを反射し、円筒体外周部に照射する1枚以上のミラーで構成されるレーザビーム照射ミラーとを備えたことを特徴とするレーザ加工装置である。
また本発明請求項2は、前記回転円筒体の中心軸上に配置され前記回転ミラーにレーザビームを入射する集光レンズ、または集光ミラーを備え、当該集光レンズまたは集光ミラーを該中心軸上に沿って移動させる移動装置を備えたことを特徴とする請求項1記載のレーザ加工装置である。
また本発明は、前記レーザビーム照射ミラーの構成ミラーに、一枚以上の放物面または円錐面集光ミラーが含まれることを特徴とする請求項1または請求項2記載のレーザ加工装置である。
【0008】
【実施例】
以下、図1を用いて、本発明を詳細に説明する。
図1は本発明のレーザ加工装置の実施形態の一例である。図示されないレーザ装置から出力されたレーザビーム1は円筒体12の中心軸上を伝送し、集光レンズ2を透過し、回転円筒体4内に入射する。回転円筒体4はベアリング15を介して基板6に保持され、同じく基板6に固定されたモータ5により高速回転する。回転円筒体4の中心軸上には回転ミラー7を備えており、回転ミラー7により反射されたビームは回転円筒体4の回転により、開口8を通過して放射状に反射される。尚、回転円筒体4と円筒体12の中心軸は一致している。放射状に反射したビームは基板6に固定されたレーザビーム照射ミラー9、10に入射する。ミラー9、10は円錐形状をしており、回転ミラー7により反射されたレーザビームは円筒体12の外周に照射される。その結果、レーザビームは円筒体外周を回転ミラーの回転速度に比例した速度で線状走査される。
【0009】
レーザビームの集光径は集光レンズ2、円錐ミラー9、10の曲率、およびレンズから照射位置までの距離で決定される。ミラー9、10に円錐ミラーを用いる場合は、円錐曲率に依存して図中のYZ平面上で集光性を持つ。また放物面ミラーを用いる場合は更にX方向の集光性も付加される。この照射ミラー9、10と集光レンズ2の組み合わせにより、照射点の集光形状は任意に選ぶことが可能である。更にレンズ移動装置3によりレンズ2を光軸方向に移動させることにより、照射集光径の微調整が可能である。尚、本発明の構成では照射ミラー9、10で所望の集光径が得られる場合は集光レンズ2を設置しなくてもかまわない。
【0010】
更に本実施例では照射ミラー9、10はリング状ミラーとして基板6に固定された構造であるが、通常の平面ミラーを用い、回転ミラー7に対向するように配置して回転円筒体4に固定し、回転円筒体4とともに回転する構造としてもよい。この場合、ビーム集光形状はレンズ2の焦点距離、およびレンズ2と照射点までの距離の変更のみで調整される。
【0011】
加工ガス供給部18はベアリング17を介して回転円筒体4とレンズ2のホルダーと接続されており、ガス供給部18より加工ガス19を導入することで、レンズ2から開口8を通り、ミラー9、10、および加工部に向かってガス流が発生し、加工部で発生するヒュームやスパッタからレンズと反射ミラーを保護することが可能である。尚、集光レンズを設置しない構成では、レンズ位置にレーザ透過窓を設置することで同様の効果が得られる。
【0012】
本実施例における円筒体12は、上円筒体12aと下円筒体12bの突き合わせ溶接である。レーザビーム1はこれら円筒体の突き合わせ部に集光照射される。下円筒体12bは保持台13に置かれ、上円筒体12aは固定板11にて固定される。固定板11は回転円筒体4にベアリング16を介して保持されており、円筒体12aとの接触摩擦抵抗により回転円筒体4の回転時にも回転せず、円筒体を加圧し、保持する。加圧力は図示されない圧縮機から支持棒14、基板6、ベアリング15、回転円筒体4、ベアリング16、固定板11を介して印加される。この装置構成により、円筒体12a、bの突き合わせ部は圧縮され、確実に接触するため、良好な溶接が得られる。
【0013】
特に、極薄金属で形成された円筒体の突き合わせ溶接では、レーザ照射部の溶け落ちを防止するために、比較的低パワー密度のレーザビームで複数回に分けて溶接することが有効である。本発明の装置では適度な加圧力を加え、回転ミラーの回転速度によりレーザビーム走査速度を制御し、また集光照射ビーム径の微調整が可能で、照射回数に制限はないという特徴を有するため、この様な応用には最適である。
【0014】
また、この加工方法は融点の低い材料である樹脂のレーザ溶融や表面改質でも有効であり、例えば2本のプラスチックパイプを圧着固定した上で、レーザ溶融による接合を行う技術に応用可能である。
【0015】
【発明の効果】
本発明の装置によれば、円筒体の加工において、円筒体を加圧固定し、その外周部を精密で且つ高速にレーザ加工を行うことが可能となる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の一実施例の模式図。
【図2】従来技術の第一例の模式図。
【図3】従来技術の第二例の模式図。
【図4】従来技術の第三例の模式図。
【図5】従来技術の第四例の模式図。
【符号の説明】
1・・・レーザビーム
2・・・集光レンズ
3・・・集光レンズ移動装置
4・・・回転円筒
5・・・回転モータ
6・・・基板
7・・・回転ミラー
8・・・レーザビーム通過開口
9・・・第一のレーザビーム照射ミラー
10・・・第2のレーザビーム照射ミラー
11・・・固定板
12、12a、b・・・円筒体
13・・・保持台
14・・・加圧支持棒
15、16、17・・・ベアリング
18・・・加工ガス供給部
19・・・加工ガス
20・・・レーザ装置
21・・・レーザビーム伝送マニピュレータ
22・・・移動レール
23・・・加工ヘッド
24・・・円筒体回転装置
25・・・リング状ビーム成形ミラー
26・・・リング状放物面集光ミラー
27・・・レーザビーム透過部材
X・・・円筒中心軸
Y、Z・・・円筒半径方向軸
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a laser processing apparatus for an outer peripheral portion of a cylindrical body.
[0002]
[Prior art]
2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, as a cylindrical body processing apparatus, an apparatus for processing by moving a laser processing head on a rail arranged on a circumference (see, for example, Patent Document 1), or a laser processing head is only moved in the axial direction of a cylindrical body. Thus, an apparatus for rotating the cylindrical body to process the outer periphery (see, for example, Patent Document 2), or an apparatus for irradiating the outer peripheral portion with a ring-shaped laser beam incident from the central axis of the cylindrical body (for example, Patent Document 3).
[0003]
Specifically, as shown in FIG. 2, in a device such as Patent Document 1 in which a machining head 23 is moved and moved on a moving rail 22 arranged on the circumference of a cylindrical body 12, a fixed laser is used. Since it is necessary to transmit the laser beam 1 from the apparatus 20 to the processing head 23 by the reflection mirror type manipulator 21 or the optical fiber, the rotatable range is one rotation by the manipulator method and at most several rotations by the optical fiber transmission method. There is also a limit to the moving speed of the machining head. Therefore, the irradiation position cannot be used for applications that require high-speed movement of the irradiation position and laser irradiation of multiple rotations.
Further, the method of Patent Document 2 for rotating the cylindrical body 12 as shown in FIG. 3 can perform high-speed rotation processing and multiple irradiations to the same point, but the workpiece can be rotated and held on a rotating machine. Limited to when possible. In addition, there is a problem that the process becomes complicated due to fixing and positioning of the workpiece.
[0004]
Further, as shown in FIG. 4, a method such as Patent Document 3 in which the laser beam 1 is formed in a ring shape by a mirror 25 and condensed by a ring-shaped paraboloid mirror 26 on the outer peripheral portion of the cylindrical body is disclosed. Although it is not necessary to rotate the cylindrical body 12, there is no method for mechanically fixing the cylindrical body end from above because the cylindrical body end is blocked from the outside by the optical path of the laser beam 1. Therefore, application such as butt welding another part to the end portion is impossible. In order to solve this problem, for example, as shown in FIG. 5, it is possible to mechanically fix the end of the cylindrical body via a laser transmitting material 27. However, since the laser transmitting material is generally glass or crystal, its mechanical strength is weak, and there is a drawback that it cannot be used when fixing heavy objects or applying pressure to the end of a cylindrical body.
[0005]
[Patent Document 1]
JP-A-10-272586 [Patent Document 2]
JP 11-138287 A [Patent Document 3]
JP-A-57-181790 [0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a laser processing apparatus capable of performing laser irradiation processing by high-speed and multi-rotation in a state where the end of the cylindrical body is fixed or pressurized in the processing of the outer peripheral portion of the cylindrical body. .
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a fixed plate that pressurizes and fixes a cylindrical body end that is a workpiece, and a central axis that is common to the central axis of the cylindrical body that holds the fixed plate via a bearing. and a rotating cylindrical body of the rotatable hollow around a central axis, said the side surface of the rotary cylinder has an opening is provided for passing the laser beam, is secured to the rotating cylinder inside the central axis on the rotating cylindrical body a rotating mirror, which rotates together with the workpiece and receives the laser beam incident from the opposite direction 90 ° reflected is emitted through the opening and the rotary cylindrical body of the central axis of, and is reflected in the rotating mirror, the rotation reflects the laser beam passing through the aperture of the cylindrical body, a laser machining apparatus being characterized in that a laser beam irradiation mirror composed of one or more mirrors to be irradiated to the cylinder outer peripheral portion.
According to a second aspect of the present invention , there is provided a condensing lens or a condensing mirror that is disposed on a central axis of the rotating cylindrical body and that makes a laser beam incident on the rotating mirror, and the condensing lens or the condensing mirror is disposed at the center. The laser processing apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a moving device that moves along the axis.
Further, the present invention is the laser processing apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the constituent mirror of the laser beam irradiation mirror includes one or more paraboloidal or conical focusing mirrors. .
[0008]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to FIG.
FIG. 1 shows an example of an embodiment of a laser processing apparatus of the present invention. A laser beam 1 output from a laser device (not shown) is transmitted on the central axis of the cylindrical body 12, passes through the condenser lens 2, and enters the rotating cylindrical body 4. The rotating cylinder 4 is held on the substrate 6 via a bearing 15 and is rotated at a high speed by a motor 5 that is also fixed to the substrate 6. A rotating mirror 7 is provided on the central axis of the rotating cylinder 4, and the beam reflected by the rotating mirror 7 passes through the opening 8 and is reflected radially by the rotation of the rotating cylinder 4. The central axes of the rotating cylinder 4 and the cylinder 12 are coincident. The radially reflected beam is incident on laser beam irradiation mirrors 9 and 10 fixed to the substrate 6. The mirrors 9 and 10 have a conical shape, and the laser beam reflected by the rotating mirror 7 is applied to the outer periphery of the cylindrical body 12. As a result, the laser beam is linearly scanned on the outer periphery of the cylindrical body at a speed proportional to the rotational speed of the rotary mirror.
[0009]
The condensing diameter of the laser beam is determined by the curvature of the condensing lens 2, the conical mirrors 9 and 10, and the distance from the lens to the irradiation position. When a conical mirror is used for the mirrors 9 and 10, the condensing property is obtained on the YZ plane in the figure depending on the conic curvature. Further, when a parabolic mirror is used, light condensing property in the X direction is also added. Depending on the combination of the irradiation mirrors 9 and 10 and the condensing lens 2, the condensing shape of the irradiation point can be arbitrarily selected. Further, by moving the lens 2 in the direction of the optical axis by the lens moving device 3, it is possible to finely adjust the irradiation focused diameter. In the configuration of the present invention, the condensing lens 2 may not be installed when a desired condensing diameter is obtained by the irradiation mirrors 9 and 10.
[0010]
Further, in this embodiment, the irradiation mirrors 9 and 10 are fixed to the substrate 6 as ring-shaped mirrors. However, an ordinary plane mirror is used and arranged to face the rotating mirror 7 and fixed to the rotating cylindrical body 4. and it may be a structure which rotates with the rotating cylinder 4. In this case, the beam condensing shape is adjusted only by changing the focal length of the lens 2 and the distance between the lens 2 and the irradiation point.
[0011]
The processing gas supply unit 18 is connected to the rotating cylindrical body 4 and the holder of the lens 2 via a bearing 17. By introducing the processing gas 19 from the gas supply unit 18, the lens 2 passes through the opening 8 and passes through the mirror 9. 10, and a gas flow is generated toward the processing portion, and the lens and the reflection mirror can be protected from fumes and spatter generated in the processing portion. In the configuration in which the condenser lens is not installed, the same effect can be obtained by installing a laser transmission window at the lens position.
[0012]
The cylindrical body 12 in the present embodiment is butt welding of the upper cylindrical body 12a and the lower cylindrical body 12b. The laser beam 1 is focused and applied to the abutting portions of these cylindrical bodies. The lower cylindrical body 12 b is placed on the holding table 13, and the upper cylindrical body 12 a is fixed by the fixing plate 11. The fixed plate 11 is held by the rotating cylindrical body 4 via a bearing 16 and does not rotate when the rotating cylindrical body 4 rotates due to contact frictional resistance with the cylindrical body 12a, and pressurizes and holds the cylindrical body. The applied pressure is applied from a compressor (not shown) through the support rod 14, the substrate 6, the bearing 15, the rotating cylindrical body 4, the bearing 16, and the fixed plate 11. With this device configuration, the butted portions of the cylindrical bodies 12a, b are compressed and reliably contacted, so that good welding is obtained.
[0013]
In particular, in the butt welding of a cylindrical body formed of an ultrathin metal, it is effective to divide and weld a plurality of times with a laser beam having a relatively low power density in order to prevent the laser irradiation portion from being burned out. The apparatus of the present invention is characterized in that an appropriate pressure is applied, the laser beam scanning speed is controlled by the rotation speed of the rotating mirror, the diameter of the focused irradiation beam diameter can be finely adjusted, and the number of irradiations is not limited. It is optimal for such applications.
[0014]
This processing method is also effective for laser melting or surface modification of a resin having a low melting point, and can be applied to, for example, a technique of joining by plastic melting after two plastic pipes are fixed by pressure bonding. .
[0015]
【The invention's effect】
According to the apparatus of the present invention, it is possible to press and fix the cylindrical body in the processing of the cylindrical body, and to perform laser processing on the outer peripheral portion with high precision and at high speed.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a first example of the prior art.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a second example of the prior art.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a third example of the prior art.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a fourth example of the prior art.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Laser beam 2 ... Condensing lens 3 ... Condensing lens moving device 4 ... Rotating cylindrical body 5 ... Rotating motor 6 ... Substrate 7 ... Rotating mirror 8 ... Laser beam passage opening 9 ... first laser beam irradiation mirror 10 ... second laser beam irradiation mirror 11 ... fixing plates 12, 12a, b ... cylindrical body 13 ... holding table 14 ..Pressure support rods 15, 16, 17... Bearing 18... Processing gas supply unit 19... Processing gas 20... Laser device 21. ... Processing head 24 ... Cylinder rotating device 25 ... Ring-shaped beam shaping mirror 26 ... Ring-shaped parabolic condensing mirror 27 ... Laser beam transmitting member X ... Cylinder center axis Y , Z ... Cylindrical radial axis

Claims (3)

被加工材である円筒体端部を加圧して固定する固定板と、当該固定板をベアリングを介して保持する前記円筒体の中心軸と共通の中心軸を有し該中心軸の回りに回転可能な中空の回転円筒体と、前記回転円筒体の側面にはレーザビームを通過させる開口設けられており、回転円筒内部中心上に固定され回転円筒体中心軸方向のうち被加工材と反対方向から入射したレーザビームを受光して90°反射し前記開口を通して出射させ且つ前記回転円筒体と共に回転する回転ミラーと、当該回転ミラーで反射され、回転円筒体の開口を通過したレーザビームを反射し、円筒体外周部に照射する1枚以上のミラーで構成されるレーザビーム照射ミラーとを備えたことを特徴とするレーザ加工装置。 A fixed plate that presses and fixes the cylindrical body end, which is a workpiece, and a central axis that is common to the central axis of the cylindrical body that holds the fixed plate via a bearing, and rotates about the central axis A hollow rotating cylindrical body that is possible , and an opening through which a laser beam passes is provided on the side surface of the rotating cylindrical body, and is fixed on the central axis inside the rotating cylindrical body and is processed in the direction of the central axis of the rotating cylindrical body A rotating mirror that receives a laser beam incident from the opposite direction of the material, reflects 90 °, emits through the opening, and rotates together with the rotating cylinder , and a laser that is reflected by the rotating mirror and passes through the opening of the rotating cylinder A laser processing apparatus comprising: a laser beam irradiation mirror composed of one or more mirrors that reflect a beam and irradiate an outer peripheral portion of a cylindrical body. 前記回転円筒体の中心軸上に配置され前記回転ミラーにレーザビームを入射する集光レンズ、または集光ミラーを備え、当該集光レンズまたは集光ミラーを該中心軸上に沿って移動させる移動装置を備えたことを特徴とする請求項1記載のレーザ加工装置。Movement for moving the disposed on the central axis of the rotary cylinder condenser lens enters the laser beam to the rotating mirror or with a collector mirror, the condenser lens or the condenser mirror along a central axis, The laser processing apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising an apparatus. 前記レーザビーム照射ミラーの構成ミラーに、一枚以上の放物面または円錐面集光ミラーが含まれることを特徴とする請求項1または請求項2記載のレーザ加工装置。  3. The laser processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the constituent mirrors of the laser beam irradiation mirror include one or more paraboloidal or conical condensing mirrors.
JP2002276671A 2002-09-24 2002-09-24 Laser processing equipment Expired - Fee Related JP3978108B2 (en)

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