JP3969205B2 - Safety structure of prismatic nonaqueous electrolyte battery - Google Patents

Safety structure of prismatic nonaqueous electrolyte battery Download PDF

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JP3969205B2
JP3969205B2 JP2002181086A JP2002181086A JP3969205B2 JP 3969205 B2 JP3969205 B2 JP 3969205B2 JP 2002181086 A JP2002181086 A JP 2002181086A JP 2002181086 A JP2002181086 A JP 2002181086A JP 3969205 B2 JP3969205 B2 JP 3969205B2
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Prior art keywords
nonaqueous electrolyte
safety
safety valve
battery
valve opening
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JP2004030946A (en
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洋 荒川
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Toyota Motor Corp
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

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Description

【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、角形非水電解液電池の安全構造の改良に関する。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
角形リチウムイオン電池等の角形非水電解液電池が過充電、加熱等にさらされた場合、電解液が電気分解あるいは熱分解されて可燃性ガスが発生し、電池ケース内圧が上昇する可能性がある。
【０００３】
このため、従来より電池ケースには、内部のガスを外に放出するための安全弁が設けられている。
【０００４】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかし、上記従来の電池ケースでは、電池の過充電、加熱等により電極体のセパレータが溶断して正極、負極が短絡し、スパークが発生して安全弁から電極体の活物質や集電箔の燃焼物等の高温物体が可燃性ガスとともに吹き出す可能性がある。この場合には、電池ケース外部で可燃性ガスに着火し、爆発的に燃焼する可能性があるという問題があった。
【０００５】
本発明は、上記従来の課題に鑑みなされたものであり、その目的は、安全弁作動時にも、安全弁から吹き出される可燃性ガスへの着火を防止できる角形非水電解液電池の安全構造を提供することにある。
【０００６】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記目的を達成するために、本発明は、非水電解液が含浸された正極、負極、セパレータが角形の電池ケースに収容された角形非水電解液電池の安全構造であって、電池ケースの内部に、電池の異常動作時に安全弁開口部から高温物体が電池ケース外部に放出されることを防止する遮断構造が設けられていることを特徴とする。
【０００７】
また、上記角形非水電解液電池の安全構造において、遮断構造は、両端に入口を有するガス通路を構成する筒状の構造であって、内部に入ったガスを安全弁開口部に放出する２つの放出口を有し、ガス通路には２つの放出口の間に仕切板が設けられていることを特徴とする。
【０００８】
上記各構成によれば、安全弁作動時にも、安全弁開口部から高温物体が電池ケース外部に放出されることを回避でき、安全弁から吹き出される可燃性ガスへの着火を防止できる。
【０００９】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明の実施の形態（以下実施形態という）を、図面に従って説明する。
【００１０】
図１には、本発明に係る角形非水電解液電池の安全構造の一実施形態の斜視図が示される。図１において、角形非水電解液電池の角形の電池ケース１０の内部には、正極、負極、セパレータが積層された電極体１２と、電極体１２に接続された電極端子１４が収容されている。また、電池ケース１０には、角形非水電解液電池が過充電、加熱等にさらされ、電解液が電気分解あるいは熱分解されて発生した可燃性ガス等を外に放出し、電池ケース１０の内圧が上昇することを防止するための安全弁１６が２個設けられている。
【００１１】
本実施形態において、特徴的な点は、電池ケース１０のの内部に、電池の異常動作時に安全弁１６の開口部から高温物体が電池ケース１０の外部に放出されることを防止する遮断構造１８が設けられている点である。図２には、この遮断構造１８が示される。図２において、遮断構造１８は、両端に入口を有する筒状の構造とされており、その内部がガス通路を構成している。この遮断構造１８には、
内部に入ったガスを安全弁１６の開口部に放出する２つの放出口２０が形成されている。また、遮断構造１８の内部のガス通路には、２つの放出口２０の間に仕切板２２が設けられている。なお、遮断構造１８の材料は電池ケース１０内部の環境に耐えられるものであればよく、例えば、電池ケース１０と同じ材料を使用することができる。
【００１２】
以上のような構造の遮断構造１８は、図１に示されるように、電池ケース１０の内部において、電極体１２と安全弁１６の開口部との間を遮断するように配置される。このため、電池が過充電、加熱等にさらされ、電極体１２のセパレータが溶断して正極、負極が短絡し、スパークが発生して電極体１２の活物質や集電箔の燃焼物等の高温物体が噴出されても、遮断構造１８により、このような高温物体は安全弁１６の開口部から遮断され、電池ケース１０の外部に高温物体が可燃性ガスとともに吹き出されることを防止できる。従って、電池ケース１０の外部で可燃性ガスが着火され、爆発的に燃焼することを回避できる。
【００１３】
一方、電池が過充電、加熱等にさらされた場合、前述したように、電解液が電気分解あるいは熱分解されて可燃性ガスが発生する可能性があるが、遮断構造１８の内部のガス通路、放出口２０を経由して、安全弁１６からガスを電池ケース外部に放出することができる。この場合、ガス通路には、２つの放出口２０の間に仕切板２２が設けられているので、一方の入口から入ったガスが他方の入口から抜けてしまうことを防止でき、排気効率を向上できる。また、ガス通路の断面積および放出口２０の断面積を安全弁１６の開口部の断面積と等しいか、それより大きくしておくことにより、さらに排気効率を向上できる。なお、遮断構造１８の断面形状は、上記排気効率を低下させない形状であれば特に限定はされないが、図２に示されるように、矩形断面を有する角形パイプをすることも好適である。
【００１４】
以上のような遮断構造１８により、高温物体は遮断し、ガスのみ電池ケース１０の外部に排気できる。
【００１５】
【発明の効果】
以上説明したように、本発明によれば、電池が過充電、加熱等にさらされた場合にも、可燃性ガスのみを電池ケースの外部に排気し、高温物体が外部に噴出されることを防止できるので、安全弁作動時に、安全弁から吹き出される可燃性ガスへの着火を防止できる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】 本発明に係る角形非水電解液電池の安全構造の一実施形態の斜視図である。
【図２】 図１に示された遮断構造の構成を示す斜視図である。
【符号の説明】
１０ 電池ケース、１２ 電極体、１４ 電極端子、１６ 安全弁、１８ 遮断構造、２０ 放出口、２２ 仕切板。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an improvement in the safety structure of a prismatic nonaqueous electrolyte battery.
[0002]
[Prior art]
When a rectangular non-aqueous electrolyte battery such as a prismatic lithium ion battery is exposed to overcharging, heating, etc., the electrolyte may be electrolyzed or thermally decomposed to generate flammable gas, which may increase the internal pressure of the battery case. is there.
[0003]
For this reason, the battery case is conventionally provided with a safety valve for releasing the internal gas to the outside.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in the above conventional battery case, the separator of the electrode body is melted due to overcharging or heating of the battery, the positive electrode and the negative electrode are short-circuited, spark is generated, and the active material of the electrode body or the current collector foil is burned from the safety valve There is a possibility that high-temperature objects such as objects will blow out with combustible gas. In this case, there is a problem that the combustible gas may be ignited outside the battery case and burned explosively.
[0005]
The present invention has been made in view of the above-described conventional problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a safety structure for a prismatic nonaqueous electrolyte battery that can prevent ignition of combustible gas blown out from the safety valve even when the safety valve is operated. There is to do.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a safety structure for a prismatic nonaqueous electrolyte battery in which a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a separator impregnated with a nonaqueous electrolyte are accommodated in a rectangular battery case. A shut-off structure is provided to prevent a high-temperature object from being discharged from the opening of the safety valve to the outside of the battery case during abnormal battery operation.
[0007]
Further, in the safety structure of the rectangular non-aqueous electrolyte battery, the blocking structure is a cylindrical structure that constitutes a gas passage having inlets at both ends, and the gas that has entered the interior is discharged into the safety valve opening. It has a discharge port, and a partition plate is provided between the two discharge ports in the gas passage.
[0008]
According to each said structure, even when a safety valve is actuated, it is possible to avoid discharge of a high-temperature object from the opening of the safety valve to the outside of the battery case, and to prevent ignition of the combustible gas blown out from the safety valve.
[0009]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention (hereinafter referred to as embodiments) will be described with reference to the drawings.
[0010]
FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of an embodiment of a safety structure of a prismatic nonaqueous electrolyte battery according to the present invention. In FIG. 1, an electrode body 12 in which a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a separator are stacked and an electrode terminal 14 connected to the electrode body 12 are accommodated in a rectangular battery case 10 of a rectangular nonaqueous electrolyte battery. . In addition, the battery case 10 is exposed to overcharge, heating, etc. of the rectangular non-aqueous electrolyte battery, and discharges flammable gas generated by electrolysis or thermal decomposition of the electrolyte solution. Two safety valves 16 are provided to prevent the internal pressure from rising.
[0011]
In the present embodiment, a characteristic point is that a blocking structure 18 for preventing a high temperature object from being released from the opening of the safety valve 16 to the outside of the battery case 10 during abnormal operation of the battery is provided inside the battery case 10. It is a point provided. FIG. 2 shows this blocking structure 18. In FIG. 2, the blocking structure 18 is a cylindrical structure having inlets at both ends, and the inside thereof constitutes a gas passage. This blocking structure 18 includes
Two discharge ports 20 are formed through which the gas that has entered is discharged to the opening of the safety valve 16. Further, a partition plate 22 is provided between the two discharge ports 20 in the gas passage inside the blocking structure 18. In addition, the material of the interruption | blocking structure 18 should just be able to endure the environment inside the battery case 10, for example, the same material as the battery case 10 can be used.
[0012]
As shown in FIG. 1, the blocking structure 18 having the above-described structure is disposed inside the battery case 10 so as to block between the electrode body 12 and the opening of the safety valve 16. For this reason, the battery is exposed to overcharge, heating, etc., the separator of the electrode body 12 is melted, the positive electrode and the negative electrode are short-circuited, sparks are generated, and the active material of the electrode body 12 and the burned material of the current collector foil Even when a hot object is ejected, the high temperature object is blocked from the opening of the safety valve 16 by the blocking structure 18, and the hot object can be prevented from being blown out together with the combustible gas outside the battery case 10. Therefore, it is possible to avoid that the combustible gas is ignited outside the battery case 10 and burns explosively.
[0013]
On the other hand, when the battery is exposed to overcharging, heating, etc., as described above, the electrolyte may be electrolyzed or thermally decomposed to generate flammable gas. The gas can be discharged from the safety valve 16 to the outside of the battery case via the discharge port 20. In this case, since the partition plate 22 is provided between the two discharge ports 20 in the gas passage, gas entering from one inlet can be prevented from escaping from the other inlet, and exhaust efficiency is improved. it can. Further, by making the cross-sectional area of the gas passage and the cross-sectional area of the discharge port 20 equal to or larger than the cross-sectional area of the opening of the safety valve 16, the exhaust efficiency can be further improved. The cross-sectional shape of the blocking structure 18 is not particularly limited as long as it does not reduce the exhaust efficiency. However, as shown in FIG. 2, a rectangular pipe having a rectangular cross section is also suitable.
[0014]
With the blocking structure 18 as described above, the high-temperature object is blocked and only the gas can be exhausted to the outside of the battery case 10.
[0015]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, even when the battery is exposed to overcharge, heating, etc., only the combustible gas is exhausted to the outside of the battery case, and the high temperature object is ejected to the outside. Since this can be prevented, ignition of the combustible gas blown out from the safety valve can be prevented when the safety valve is operated.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an embodiment of a safety structure of a prismatic nonaqueous electrolyte battery according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a configuration of the blocking structure shown in FIG.
[Explanation of symbols]
10 battery case, 12 electrode body, 14 electrode terminal, 16 safety valve, 18 shut-off structure, 20 discharge port, 22 partition plate.

Claims (5)

非水電解液が含浸された正極、負極、セパレータが積層された電極体と、前記電極体に接続された電極端子とが角形の電池ケースに収容された角形非水電解液電池の安全構造であって、
前記電池ケースの内部に、電池の異常動作時に安全弁開口部から高温物体が前記電池ケース外部に放出されることを防止する遮断構造が設けられ、
前記安全弁開口部が、前記電極端子間に挟まれるように配置され、
前記遮断構造は、両端に入口を有するガス通路を構成する筒状の構造であって、内部に入ったガスを前記安全弁開口部に放出する２つの放出口を有し、前記ガス通路には前記２つの放出口の間に仕切板が設けられていることを特徴とする角形非水電解液電池の安全構造。 A safety structure of a prismatic nonaqueous electrolyte battery in which a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a separator laminated with a nonaqueous electrolyte, and an electrode terminal connected to the electrode body are accommodated in a rectangular battery case. There,
Inside the battery case, a blocking structure is provided to prevent high temperature objects from being released from the safety valve opening to the outside of the battery case during abnormal battery operation,
The safety valve opening is arranged to be sandwiched between the electrode terminals;
The shut-off structure is a cylindrical structure that constitutes a gas passage having inlets at both ends, and has two discharge ports for discharging the gas that has entered inside into the safety valve opening, and the gas passage includes A safety structure for a prismatic nonaqueous electrolyte battery, characterized in that a partition plate is provided between two discharge ports. 非水電解液が含浸された正極、負極、セパレータが積層された電極体と、前記電極体に接続された電極端子とが角形の電池ケースに収容された角形非水電解液電池の安全構造であって、
前記電池ケースの内部に、電池の異常動作時に安全弁開口部から高温物体が前記電池ケース外部に放出されることを防止する遮断構造が、前記電極体の巻回軸に沿って設けられ、
前記遮断構造は、両端に入口を有するガス通路を構成する筒状の構造であって、内部に入ったガスを前記安全弁開口部に放出する２つの放出口を有し、前記ガス通路には前記２つの放出口の間に仕切板が設けられていることを特徴とする角形非水電解液電池の安全構造。 A safety structure of a prismatic nonaqueous electrolyte battery in which a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a separator laminated with a nonaqueous electrolyte, and an electrode terminal connected to the electrode body are accommodated in a rectangular battery case. There,
Inside the battery case, a blocking structure for preventing a high temperature object from being released from the safety valve opening to the outside of the battery case at the time of abnormal battery operation is provided along the winding axis of the electrode body,
The shut-off structure is a cylindrical structure that constitutes a gas passage having inlets at both ends, and has two discharge ports for discharging the gas that has entered inside into the safety valve opening, and the gas passage includes A safety structure for a prismatic nonaqueous electrolyte battery, characterized in that a partition plate is provided between two discharge ports. 請求項１又は２記載の角形非水電解液電池の安全構造において、前記ガス通路の断面積及び前記放出口の断面積は、前記安全弁開口部の断面積と等しいか、又は前記安全弁開口部の断面積より大きいことを特徴とする角形非水電解液電池の安全構造。 3. The safety structure of the rectangular nonaqueous electrolyte battery according to claim 1, wherein a cross-sectional area of the gas passage and a cross-sectional area of the discharge port are equal to a cross-sectional area of the safety valve opening, or of the safety valve opening. A safety structure for a prismatic non-aqueous electrolyte battery characterized by being larger than the cross-sectional area. 非水電解液が含浸された正極、負極、セパレータが角形の電池ケースに収容された角形非水電解液電池の安全構造であって、
前記電池ケースの内部に、電池の異常動作時に安全弁開口部から高温物体が前記電池ケース外部に放出されることを防止する遮断構造が設けられ、
前記遮断構造は、両端に入口を有するガス通路を構成する筒状の構造であって、内部に入ったガスを前記安全弁開口部に放出する２つの放出口を有し、前記ガス通路には前記２つの放出口の間に仕切板が設けられていることを特徴とする角形非水電解液電池の安全構造。A safety structure for a prismatic nonaqueous electrolyte battery in which a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a separator impregnated with a nonaqueous electrolyte are housed in a rectangular battery case,
Inside the battery case, a blocking structure is provided to prevent high temperature objects from being released from the safety valve opening to the outside of the battery case during abnormal battery operation,
The shut-off structure is a cylindrical structure that constitutes a gas passage having inlets at both ends, and has two discharge ports for discharging the gas that has entered the interior to the safety valve opening, and the gas passage includes A safety structure for a prismatic nonaqueous electrolyte battery, characterized in that a partition plate is provided between two discharge ports. 請求項４記載の角形非水電解液電池の安全構造において、前記ガス通路の断面積及び前記放出口の断面積は、前記安全弁開口部の断面積と等しいか、又は前記安全弁開口部の断面積より大きいことを特徴とする角形非水電解液電池の安全構造。The safety structure of the rectangular nonaqueous electrolyte battery according to claim 4 , wherein a cross-sectional area of the gas passage and a cross-sectional area of the discharge port are equal to a cross-sectional area of the safety valve opening or a cross-sectional area of the safety valve opening. A safety structure for a rectangular non-aqueous electrolyte battery characterized by being larger.
JP2002181086A 2002-06-21 2002-06-21 Safety structure of prismatic nonaqueous electrolyte battery Expired - Fee Related JP3969205B2 (en)

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