JP3955363B2 - Walking support machine - Google Patents

Walking support machine Download PDF

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JP3955363B2
JP3955363B2 JP21530097A JP21530097A JP3955363B2 JP 3955363 B2 JP3955363 B2 JP 3955363B2 JP 21530097 A JP21530097 A JP 21530097A JP 21530097 A JP21530097 A JP 21530097A JP 3955363 B2 JP3955363 B2 JP 3955363B2
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Japan
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support member
arm support
arm
spring
elevating
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JPH1147207A (en
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肇 鈴木
康彦 中川
宏 早川
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Sakai Medical Co Ltd
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Sakai Medical Co Ltd
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、歩行機能を回復させるための訓練や高齢者の歩行補助のために用いられる歩行支援機に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
長期にわたる療養後に患者が歩行機能を回復させる際や、歩行困難な高齢者が自身1人で歩行する場合などには、いわゆる歩行支援機が用いられている。歩行支援機としては、キャスタ式の走行車輪を備えたフレームの上方に腕支持部材が設けられ、この腕支持部材に使用者が両腕を載せて主に上体を預け、この姿勢で歩行することにより、足への負担が軽減されて歩行が補助されるといった構成のものが従来よりあった。
【0003】
ところが、このような従来品では、使用者はまず立って腕支持部材に両腕を載せることになり、そのような起立状態に至るには、使用者自身が手摺等のサポート部材で体重を支えたり、他の人の介助を要したりしていた。そこで、このような負担を軽減させるものとして、腕支持部材がガススプリング等の弾発部材により昇降可能に設けられたものがある。これによると、使用者は、椅子やベッドに座った状態で、下降状態の腕支持部材に両腕を載せ、そこから腕支持部材を上昇させることにより立つまでの負担が軽減し、かつ使用者1人で使用可能になるものである。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
ところで、このような腕支持部材が昇降する形式のものを使用する場合、椅子に座った状態の使用者が、腕支持部材に両腕を載せて上体の体重を預けながら立つまでの間には、最初、両腕を含む上体を一旦前方へ倒す前傾の立ち上がり姿勢をとり、後半には、前傾の立ち上がり姿勢のまま垂直上方へ立ち上がる動きを伴う。このとき、勿論、使用者の重心も同様な動きとなる。しかしながら、前記従来の装置にあっては、両腕を載せる腕支持部材が単に昇降するだけで前後に動かない構成であるから、スムーズな使用感が得られず、使用者への負担が残るといった不満があった。
また、腕支持部材を上昇あるいは下降しながら前後方向へも移動させるもの、つまり、腕支持部材を単に斜め上前方へあるいは斜め下後方へのみ移動させる形式の歩行支援機も知られているが、この種の歩行支援機にあっても、腕支持部材の動きが現実の使用者の重心移動に対応しないため使いづらい、具体的には、例えば立ち上がり後半において、使用者が自らの体を後方へ立て直さなければならないという無理な立ち上がり姿勢を強いられてしまう不満があった。
【0005】
本発明は、上記事情に鑑みてなされたもので、使用者への負担をより軽減するとともに使用感の向上が図られる歩行支援機の提供を目的とする。
【0006】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は、次の手段をもって上記目的の達成を図っている。
すなわち、使用者の上体の荷重を支えることにより使用者の歩行を支援する歩行支援機であって、走行車輪を備えたフレーム(2)と、このフレームの前部に立設された支柱(3)と、この支柱に昇降可能に設けられた昇降部材(14)と、この昇降部材を昇降させる昇降駆動機構(20)と、この昇降部材に設けられた腕支持部材フレーム(31)に、後方の後退位置から前方の前進位置まで前後移動可能に取り付けられ、前記使用者の腕が載せられて使用者の上体の荷重を受ける腕支持部材(4)と、前記昇降部材が高さ方向中間位置に位置したときそれを検知するセンサ(27b)と、前記昇降部材が前記昇降駆動機構により下降位置から前記センサにより検知される高さ方向中間位置まで上昇する上昇前期において前記腕支持部材を後退位置から前進位置まで移動させ、その後前記昇降部材が前記昇降駆動機構により高さ方向中間位置から上昇位置まで上昇する上昇後期において前記腕支持部材を前進位置のまま保持する一方、前記昇降部材が前記昇降駆動機構により上昇位置から前記センサにより検知される高さ方向中間位置まで下降する下降前期において前記腕支持部材を前進位置のまま保持し、その後前記昇降部材が前記昇降駆動機構により高さ方向中間位置から下降位置まで下降する下降後期において前記腕支持部材を前進位置から後退位置まで移動させるように、前記腕支持部材の前後移動を制御する制御手段(60)とを備え、前記制御手段は、前記腕支持部材と前記昇降部材との間に介装されて前記腕支持部材を後退方向へ付勢する第1のスプリング(61)と、前記腕支持部材と前記支柱との間に介装されて腕支持部材を前進方向へ付勢する第2のスプリング(62b)とを備え、前記第1のスプリングのばね定数が前記第2のスプリングのそれよりも弱く設定され、前記第2のスプリングを構成する長尺の板ばねの一端側は、ドラムを介して巻き取り巻き解き可能に巻回されて前記支柱の高さ方向中間部に連結され、前記板ばねの他端側はベルトの基端に連結され、該ベルトの先端は鉛直上方へ延び、前記腕支持部材フレームに設けられ前記センサからの信号に基づき前記ベルトとの相対移動を可能または規制するように切り替えられるブレーキ手段を経由して水平方向後方に延びて前記腕支持部材に連結されていることを特徴としている。
【0007】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、図面を参照して本発明の一実施形態を説明する。
図1は一実施形態に係る歩行支援機1の右側面を、また、図2は正面を示している。この歩行支援機1は、メインフレーム(フレーム)2と、このメインフレーム2の前部(図1で左側)に立設された支柱3と、使用者Pの上体を支える腕支持部材4とを主として構成されている。メインフレーム2は、図1および図2に示すように、前部フレーム10の左右端部に、後方に延びる側部フレーム11が固着された左右対称の平面視略U字状に形成されたものである。各側部フレーム11の前端部にはキャスタ式の前輪(走行車輪)12が、また、後端部にはキャスタ式の後輪13、または図1(b)に示すように、固定式の後輪(走行車輪)13aがそれぞれ装着されている。なお、図1(a)ではキャスタ式の後輪を搭載したものを示す。
【0008】
前部フレーム10の中央には昇降駆動機構20が内蔵されたケーシング21が立設され、このケーシング21の後面に支柱3が固定されている。支柱3は断面正方形の角筒で、椅子5に座った状態における使用者Pの肘あたりの高さを有しており、その内部には、図3に示すように、この支柱3に沿って昇降自在に昇降軸(昇降部材)14が挿入されている。この昇降軸14は、断面正方形の角柱であり、各側面が支柱3の内面角部に対向するようにして支柱3の内部に挿入されている。昇降軸14の下部には、図4にも示すように、4個一組のローラ15が上下2段の状態で装着されており、これらローラ15が支柱3の内面角部に接しながら転動することにより、昇降軸14は支柱3に沿ってスムーズに昇降するようになっている。
【0009】
前記昇降駆動機構20について説明すると、図4に示すように、支柱3の前面に取り付けられた上下のベルト車22、23にはタイミングベルト24が巻回され、該タイミングベルト24は連結部材25に連結されている。連結部材25は前記支柱3に形成された縦溝を介して支柱3の内側と外側にまたがるように配置されており、支柱3への内側侵入部分は前記昇降軸14に連結され、支柱3からの外方突出部分は前記タイミングベルト24に連結されている。
そして、前記両ベルト車22、23のうち一方が、正逆転可能なモータ26によって動力伝達機構を介し強制的に回転されることにより、前記タイミングベルト24及び連結部材25を経て前記昇降軸14が昇降操作されるようになっている。なお、下側のベルト車23はベルトテンショナ23aによって下方に付勢されており、これにより、タイミングベルト24には一定の張力が働くようになっている。
【0010】
ケーシング21の内面であって支柱3の前方には、図4に示すように、昇降する連結部材25の通過を検知するセンサ27a、27b、27cが下方から順に、それぞれ所定高さ位置に取り付けられている。モータ26はケーシング21内に収納されたバッテリ28を電源としている。なお、ケーシング21の後面には、必要に応じて、椅子5に着座する使用者Pの膝がちょうど当たるようにパッドが固定される。
【0011】
昇降軸14の上端部には、図5に示すように、腕支持部材フレーム31を介して腕支持部材4が取り付けられている。腕支持部材フレーム31は、図3、図5および図6に示すように、昇降軸14の上端部に固定された左右に延びる前部フレーム32の両端部に、後方に延びるレール33、33が固着された平面視コ字状に形成されたものである。腕支持部材4は腕支持部材フレーム31上に配され、腕支持部材フレーム31と略同等の形状および寸法を有する平面視コ字状のベース40の上に、クッション43が取り付けられて構成されている。ベース40は、左右に延びる前部ベース41の両端部に後方に延びる側部ベース42が固着されたもので、側部ベース42に装着された複数のローラ44が腕支持部材フレーム31のレール33上を転動することにより、腕支持部材フレーム31上において前後に移動可能となっている。
【0012】
図6に示すように、腕支持部材4を構成するクッション43は、全体が左右対称に形成されており、前部ベース41上の中央に固定された中央クッション43aと、この中央クッション43aの両側に配され前部ベース41から側部ベース42に沿って略L字状に形成されたアームクッション43bとから構成されている。アームクッション43bは、その上に使用者Pの腕が載せられるもので、ベース40上において、使用者Pの好みに応じて左右方向に適宜距離スライド可能となっている。
【0013】
また、図1および図2に示すように、前部ベース41の前面には左右一対の直立型のハンドルグリップ50が固定されている。これらハンドルグリップ50のうちの一方には、後輪13aまたはレバーブレーキ13bを制動するためのブレーキレバー51が装着されている。このブレーキレバー51を握ると、ブレーキワイヤ53が作動して後輪13aまたはレバーブレーキ13bが制動される。また、各ハンドルグリップ50の上端部には、前記昇降駆動機構20のモータ26をON/OFFするスイッチが設けられている。この場合のスイッチは押している間はON、離せば戻ってOFFとなるもので、使用者Pにとって右側が上昇スイッチ52a、左側が下降スイッチ52bである。なお、使用者が片腕しか使えないような場合には、その使える側のハンドルグリップ50に、上昇、下降の両スイッチ52a,52bとブレーキレバー51とを設けるようにしてもよい。
【0014】
図5にも示すように、前記腕支持部材4には、昇降軸14が昇降駆動機構20により下降位置から高さ方向中間位置まで上昇する上昇前期において腕支持部材4を後退位置から前進位置まで移動させ、その後昇降軸14が高さ方向中間位置から上昇位置まで上昇する上昇後期において腕支持部材4を前進位置のまま保持する一方、昇降軸14が昇降駆動機構20により上昇位置から高さ方向中間位置まで下降する下降前期において腕支持部材4を前進位置のまま保持し、その後昇降軸14が高さ方向中間位置から下降位置まで下降する下降後期において腕支持部材4を前進位置から後退位置まで移動させるように、腕支持部材4の前後移動を制御する制御手段60が設けられている(図7参照)。
【0015】
この制御手段60について説明すると、腕支持部材4と昇降軸14に取り付けられた腕支持部材フレーム31との間には第1のスプリングであるガススプリング61、61が腕支持部材フレーム31の左右両側に位置するように介装され、これにより、腕支持部材4は後退方向へ付勢されている。前記腕支持部材4と支柱3との間には腕支持部材4を前進方向へ付勢する第2のスプリングである、一定の曲率で曲げられてドラム62aに巻き付けられてなる板ばね62bが介装されている。具体的には、支柱3の前側のブラケットに前記板ばね62bの一端側が巻き付けられているドラム62aが取り付けられ、該板ばね62bの他端側は図1にも示すように鉛直上方へ延びてベルト62cに連結され、該ベルト62cの先端は前記腕支持部材フレーム31に支持された電磁ブレーキ64に巻き付けられた後、さらに後方へ延びて前記腕支持部材4の前端中央部に連結されている。
なお、この実施の形態では、ドラム62aに巻き取られる板ばね62bは、上下に2連配置された例を示す。
【0016】
前記ガススプリング61は、内部にガスあるいはオイルとガスが封入されたものであって、コイルバネに比べてばね定数が低く、また、前記ドラム62aに巻回された板ばね62bは、その端部を引き出して直線状に延ばすとき、どの位置にあっても一定の戻り力を発生するものである。また、前記一対のガススプリング61の合わさったばね定数は、第2のスプリングである板ばね62bのそれよりも弱く設定されている。
【0017】
昇降軸14の昇降ストロークは、昇降軸14がもっとも下降した状態で、椅子5に座った使用者Pが腕をアームクッション43bの上に載せられる高さに、また、昇降軸14がもっとも上昇した状態で、使用者Pが腕をアームクッション43bの上に載せて歩行できる高さに調節できるよう設定されている。なお、側部ベース42には、ローラ44およびタイミングベルト62の外部への露出を防止するカバーが設けられている。
【0018】
クッション43を備えた腕支持部材4は、上述したように、昇降軸14とともに昇降し、かつ前後に移動するが、その昇降および前後移動は、ガススプリング61と板ばね62bとのばね定数の違い、並びに図示せぬコントローラ(制御手段)によって操作される電磁ブレーキ64によって次のように制御される。
【0019】
まず、昇降軸14がもっとも下降した状態では、図1、図6の実線および図7(c)に示すように、腕支持部材4は後方に移動した使用前の後退位置にある。ここから上昇スイッチ52aを押すと、昇降駆動機構20のモータ26が所定方向へ回転し、タイミングベルト24及び連結部材25を介して昇降軸14を上昇させる。ここで、電磁ブレーキ64はオンの状態にあってブレーキが非作動状態になっており、昇降軸14が上昇した分、板ばね62bがドラム62aから巻き解かれるか、あるいはガススプリング61が延びるかする必要がある。ここで、ガススプリング61のばね定数を板ばね62aのそれよりも小さい値に設定しているので、板ばね62bは巻き解かれることなく、ガススプリング61がその付勢力に抗して延びることとなる。したがって、腕支持部材4は上昇しながら前進することになる。そして、昇降軸14が高さ方向中間位置に達し、これと同時に腕支持部材4が前進位置に達すると、その旨をセンサ27dが検知し、該センサ27dからの出力信号に基づき電磁ブレーキ64がオフになって作動状態になる。つまり、電磁ブレーキ64が板ばね62bにつながるベルト62cの移動をとめ、該ベルト62cと電磁ブレーキ64との相対移動を規制する。つまり、腕支持部材4の前後移動を規制する。
【0020】
したがって、その後は、昇降駆動機構20によって上昇軸14が上昇するとき、腕支持部材4は単に上昇動作のみ行なうことになる。そして、腕支持部材4が適宜高さ位置まで上昇した時点で、使用者が上昇スイッチ52aへの押圧を解除すると、モータ26が停止し、腕支持部材4の上昇が停止する。なお、使用者が上昇スイッチ52aへの押圧を解除しないまでも、昇降軸14が上限位置まで上昇すると、その旨をセンサ27cが検知し、モータ26を停止させる。
【0021】
このように、腕支持部材4が適宜上昇位置に停止されたとき、電磁ブレーキ64によって板ばね62bにつながるベルト62cの一部を挟み込んだ状態を保持されるので、腕支持部材4は前後方向の移動を規制される。この状態で、歩行訓練等が行われる。
【0022】
他方、腕支持部材4が上昇位置にある場合に下降スイッチ52bを押すと、モータ26が前記とは逆方向へ回転し、昇降軸14を下降させる。このとき、昇降軸14が下降した距離と同程度の板ばね62bの長さ分は、ドラム62aによって巻き取られる。そして、昇降軸14が高さ方向中間位置に達すると、その旨をセンサ27bが検知し、このセンサ27bからの検出信号に基づき、電磁ブレーキ64が通電されて非作動状態になる。これと同時に、板ばね62bはドラム62aによって最終巻き取り位置まで巻き取られる。
一方、電磁ブレーキ64に対し腕支持部材4はフリーの状態になり、その後、さらに昇降軸14が下降する分、それと同距離ガススプリング61が延びて腕支持部材4を後退させる。これにより、腕支持部材4は、昇降軸14とともに下降しながら後退する。そして、昇降軸14がもっとも下降した時点で、腕支持部材4は後方の後退位置に戻る。このとき、センサ27aが昇降軸14が最も下降した位置に達したことを検知し、モータ26を停止させる。
【0023】
続いて、上記構成の歩行支援機1の使用方法ならびにそれに伴う作用を説明する。
まず、使用開始時の初期設定として、昇降軸14はもっとも下降した状態で、かつ腕支持部材4は後退した後退位置にある。椅子5に座った使用者Pは上体が歩行支援機1の中に入り、左右の腕をそれぞれ腕支持部材4の左右のアームクッション43bの上に載せるとともに、ハンドルグリップ50を握る。このとき、安全のためブレーキレバー51も握って歩行支援機1を停止させる。次いで、使用者Pは、上昇スイッチ52aを押し、腕をアームクッション43bにつきながら上体を起こしていく。腕支持部材4は、昇降軸14とともに上昇し、かつ、前進する。つまり、腕支持部材4は斜め前方へ移動する。そして、昇降軸14が高さ方向中間位置に達し、その旨をセンサ27dが検知した時点で、腕支持部材4は前進位置に達して前方への移動を停止する。それと同時に、電磁ブレーキ64が非作動状態から作動状態になる。その後は、腕支持部材4は上昇動作のみ行い、適宜上昇位置に達したときに、使用者が上昇スイッチ52aへの押圧を解除すると、腕支持部材4はその高さ位置に停止する。この状態で、実際に歩行できるようになり、使用者Pはブレーキレバー51を離し、両腕をアームクッション43bにつくことで上体の体重を腕支持部材4に預けながら、かつ歩行支援機1を走行させて歩行訓練を行う。
【0024】
次に、使用者Pが歩行訓練を終えて椅子5に座るときには、椅子5に座れる位置まで戻ってから、まず、ブレーキレバー51を握って歩行支援機1が動かないようにした後、下降スイッチ52bを押す。腕支持部材4は、昇降軸14とともに下降し、センサ27bが昇降軸14を検知した後は、下降しながら後退する。昇降軸14がもっとも下降した時点で、腕支持部材4はもっとも後方の後退位置に達し、そこで停止する。この間、使用者Pは腕をアームクッション43bにつき、上体の体重を腕支持部材4に預けながら腰を落としていき、最終的に椅子5に座る。
【0025】
上記歩行支援機1によれば、腕支持部材4が、上昇前期において後退位置から上昇するに伴い前進するので、使用者Pは腕支持部材4のクッション43(主にアームクッション43b)に腕をつくことで、立ち上がるときに生じる上体の前方へ移動する荷重を常に支えることができる。また、座る際には、腕支持部材4は適宜高さ位置まで下降すると、下降しながら後退する。
すなわち、腕支持部材4は、使用者Pの上体の動きに追従して、上昇、下降のみならず前進したり後退したりするので、スムーズな使用感が得られるとともに、使用するにあたっての負担が大幅に軽減する。
【0026】
なお、本発明は上記一実施形態の構成に限定されるものではなく、例えば、昇降駆動機構20としては油圧や空気圧を利用したシリンダや、ラックとピニオンの組み合わせ等で構成されていてもよい。
【0027】
【発明の効果】
以上説明したように、本発明によれば、以上説明したように、使用者の上体を支えて昇降部材とともに昇降する腕支持部材が、使用者の上体の動きに追従するよう、上昇前期並びに下降後期においてそれぞれ前後に移動する構成となっているから、使用感が大幅に向上するとともに、使用するにあたっての負担が大幅に軽減する。すなわち、無理のない自然な立ち上がり姿勢あるいは逆に立ち姿勢からの椅子への座り姿勢がとれることとなる。
また、腕支持部材を前後移動させるのに、昇降駆動機構の駆動力を利用できるので、専用の前後駆動装置を用いる場合に比べて、駆動装置の減少のみならず装置の簡素が図れ、かつ無理なくコストを低減できる。
第2のスプリングに前進位置にある腕支持部材をその場で保持するブレーキ手段を連結しているので、上昇後期や下降前期あるいは走行訓練中に、腕支持部材が不用意に後方へ移動するのを防止することができ、訓練中等の安全性をより高めることができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】 (a)は本発明の一実施形態に係る歩行支援機の右側面図である。(b)は同歩行支援機の後輪の他の例を示す右側面図である。
【図2】 同正面図である。
【図3】 図1のIII−III線矢視図である。
【図4】 同歩行支援機の下部を示す一部断面側面図である。
【図5】 同歩行支援機の上部を示す一部断面側面図である。
【図6】 同歩行支援機の主に腕支持部材を示す平面図である。
【図7】 上記歩行支援機の作用説明図である。
【符号の説明】
1…歩行支援機、2…メインフレーム(フレーム)、3…支柱、4…腕支持部材、12…前輪(走行車輪)、13…後輪(走行車輪)、14…昇降軸(昇降部材)、20…昇降駆動機構、24…タイミングベルト、26…モータ、27a、27b、27c…センサ、60…制御手段、61…ガススプリング、62a…ドラム、62b…板ばね、64…電磁ブレーキ、P…使用者。
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a walking support device used for training to restore walking function and assisting walking of elderly people.
[0002]
[Prior art]
A so-called walking assist device is used when a patient recovers the walking function after long-term medical treatment or when an elderly person who has difficulty walking walks alone. As a walking support machine, an arm support member is provided above a frame having caster-type traveling wheels, and a user puts both arms on the arm support member and mainly deposits the upper body, and walks in this posture. Thus, there has been a conventional structure that reduces the burden on the foot and assists walking.
[0003]
However, in such a conventional product, the user first stands and puts both arms on the arm support member. To reach such a standing state, the user himself / herself supports the weight with a support member such as a handrail. Or need help from other people. Therefore, as a means for reducing such a burden, there is one in which an arm support member is provided so as to be moved up and down by a resilient member such as a gas spring. According to this, when the user is sitting on a chair or a bed, both arms are placed on the arm support member in the lowered state, and the arm support member is lifted from there to reduce the burden until standing, and the user It can be used by one person.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
By the way, when using such a type in which the arm support member moves up and down, the user sitting in the chair is standing between putting both arms on the arm support member and keeping the weight of the upper body. Takes a forward leaning posture in which the upper body including both arms is once tilted forward, and in the latter half, it is accompanied by a movement to rise vertically upward with the forward leaning posture. At this time, of course, the user's center of gravity also moves in the same manner. However, in the above-described conventional device, the arm support member on which both arms are placed is simply moved up and down and does not move back and forth, so that a smooth feeling of use cannot be obtained and the burden on the user remains. I was dissatisfied.
Also known is a walking support machine that moves the arm support member in the front-rear direction while raising or lowering, that is, a type of walking support machine that simply moves the arm support member obliquely upward and forward or obliquely downward and backward, Even in this type of walking support machine, the movement of the arm support member does not correspond to the actual center of gravity movement of the user, so it is difficult to use. I was dissatisfied with being forced to stand up.
[0005]
The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a walking assist device that can further reduce the burden on the user and improve the feeling of use.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention achieves the above object by the following means.
That is, it is a walking support machine that supports the user's walking by supporting the load of the upper body of the user, and includes a frame (2) having traveling wheels and a support ( 3), an elevating member (14) provided on the support column so as to be movable up and down, an elevating drive mechanism (20) for elevating the elevating member, and an arm support member frame (31) provided on the elevating member, An arm support member (4) mounted so as to be movable back and forth from a backward retracted position to a forward advanced position and receiving the load of the upper body of the user on which the user's arm is placed, and the elevating member in the height direction and when located in an intermediate position sensor for detecting it (27b), said arm support member at elevated year that the lifting member is raised from the lowered position by the lifting drive mechanism to the height direction intermediate position detected by said sensor It moved from retreat position to the forward position, whereas thereafter the lifting member kept in the forward position the arm support member at elevated later rise to the raised position from the height direction intermediate position by the lifting drive mechanism, the lifting member wherein and hold the raised position by the lift drive mechanism in the advanced position of the arm supporting member in a descending year which falls to a height direction intermediate position detected by the sensor, the height direction by the subsequent said lifting member is the elevation driving mechanism to move the arm supporting member in a lowered later descending from the intermediate position to the lowered position from the forward position to the retracted position, and control means (60) for controlling the back and forth movement of the arm supporting member, wherein the control means A first spring (61) interposed between the arm support member and the elevating member to urge the arm support member in the backward direction. And a second spring (62b) interposed between the arm support member and the support column and biasing the arm support member in the forward direction, and the spring constant of the first spring is the second spring One end side of the long leaf spring that constitutes the second spring is wound so as to be unwound and unwound through a drum so as to be wound in the middle in the height direction of the column. The other end of the leaf spring is connected to the base end of the belt, the tip of the belt extends vertically upward, and is provided on the arm support member frame and moves relative to the belt based on a signal from the sensor. It is characterized in that it extends rearward in the horizontal direction via a brake means that can be switched so as to enable or restrict the movement, and is connected to the arm support member .
[0007]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 shows the right side surface of the walking assist device 1 according to one embodiment, and FIG. 2 shows the front side. The walking support machine 1 includes a main frame (frame) 2, a support column 3 erected on the front portion (left side in FIG. 1) of the main frame 2, and an arm support member 4 that supports the upper body of the user P. It is mainly composed. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the main frame 2 is formed in a substantially U-shape in a plan view that is symmetrical in the left and right directions, with side frames 11 extending rearwardly fixed to the left and right ends of the front frame 10. It is. A caster-type front wheel (running wheel) 12 is provided at the front end of each side frame 11, and a caster-type rear wheel 13 is provided at the rear end, or a fixed rear as shown in FIG. Each wheel (running wheel) 13a is mounted. FIG. 1 (a) shows a vehicle equipped with a caster type rear wheel.
[0008]
In the center of the front frame 10, a casing 21 with a built-in lifting drive mechanism 20 is erected, and a column 3 is fixed to the rear surface of the casing 21. The column 3 is a square tube having a square cross section, and has a height around the elbow of the user P in a state of sitting on the chair 5, and inside the column, as shown in FIG. An elevating shaft (elevating member) 14 is inserted so as to be movable up and down. The elevating shaft 14 is a prism having a square cross section, and is inserted into the column 3 such that each side surface faces the inner corner of the column 3. As shown in FIG. 4, a set of four rollers 15 is mounted in a vertically two-stage state below the lifting shaft 14, and these rollers 15 roll while contacting the inner corners of the support column 3. By doing so, the elevating shaft 14 moves up and down smoothly along the column 3.
[0009]
The lifting drive mechanism 20 will be described. As shown in FIG. 4, a timing belt 24 is wound around upper and lower belt wheels 22 and 23 attached to the front surface of the column 3, and the timing belt 24 is connected to the connecting member 25. It is connected. The connecting member 25 is arranged so as to straddle the inner side and the outer side of the column 3 through a vertical groove formed in the column 3, and the inside intrusion portion to the column 3 is connected to the lifting shaft 14, The outwardly projecting portion is connected to the timing belt 24.
Then, one of the belt wheels 22 and 23 is forcibly rotated through a power transmission mechanism by a motor 26 capable of rotating in the forward and reverse directions, so that the elevating shaft 14 passes through the timing belt 24 and the connecting member 25. It can be moved up and down. The lower belt wheel 23 is urged downward by a belt tensioner 23a, so that a certain tension is applied to the timing belt 24.
[0010]
As shown in FIG. 4, sensors 27a, 27b, and 27c for detecting the passage of the connecting member 25 that moves up and down are attached to the inner surface of the casing 21 at the predetermined height positions in order from the lower side. ing. The motor 26 uses a battery 28 housed in the casing 21 as a power source. Note that a pad is fixed to the rear surface of the casing 21 so that the knee of the user P sitting on the chair 5 just hits the rear surface of the casing 21 as necessary.
[0011]
As shown in FIG. 5, the arm support member 4 is attached to the upper end portion of the elevating shaft 14 via an arm support member frame 31. As shown in FIGS. 3, 5, and 6, the arm support member frame 31 has rails 33, 33 that extend rearward at both ends of a front frame 32 that extends to the left and right and is fixed to the upper end of the lifting shaft 14. It is formed in a U shape that is fixed in plan view. The arm support member 4 is arranged on an arm support member frame 31 and is configured by attaching a cushion 43 on a U-shaped base 40 having a shape and size substantially the same as the arm support member frame 31. Yes. The base 40 is configured such that a side base 42 that extends rearward is fixed to both ends of a front base 41 that extends to the left and right, and a plurality of rollers 44 that are mounted on the side base 42 include rails 33 of the arm support member frame 31. By rolling up, it is possible to move back and forth on the arm support member frame 31.
[0012]
As shown in FIG. 6, the cushion 43 constituting the arm support member 4 is formed symmetrically as a whole, and includes a central cushion 43a fixed to the center on the front base 41 and both sides of the central cushion 43a. And an arm cushion 43b formed in a substantially L shape from the front base 41 to the side base 42. The arm cushion 43b is on which the arm of the user P is placed. The arm cushion 43b can be slid appropriately on the base 40 in the left-right direction according to the preference of the user P.
[0013]
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a pair of left and right upright handle grips 50 are fixed to the front surface of the front base 41. One of these handle grips 50 is provided with a brake lever 51 for braking the rear wheel 13a or the lever brake 13b. When the brake lever 51 is gripped, the brake wire 53 is actuated to brake the rear wheel 13a or the lever brake 13b. A switch for turning on / off the motor 26 of the lifting drive mechanism 20 is provided at the upper end of each handle grip 50. In this case, the switch is ON while being pressed, and is returned to OFF when it is released. For the user P, the right side is the up switch 52a and the left side is the down switch 52b. When the user can use only one arm, the handle grip 50 on the usable side may be provided with both the up and down switches 52a and 52b and the brake lever 51.
[0014]
As shown in FIG. 5, the arm support member 4 is moved from the retracted position to the advanced position in the first period when the lifting shaft 14 is lifted from the lowered position to the intermediate position in the height direction by the lifting drive mechanism 20. The arm support member 4 is held in the forward position in the latter stage of the lift when the lift shaft 14 is moved from the intermediate position in the height direction to the lift position, and the lift shaft 14 is moved in the height direction from the lift position by the lift drive mechanism 20. The arm support member 4 is held in the forward position in the lower part of the lowering period that is lowered to the intermediate position, and then the arm support member 4 is moved from the forward position to the retracted position in the lower part of the lowering period in which the elevating shaft 14 is lowered from the intermediate position in the height direction to the lowered position. Control means 60 for controlling the back and forth movement of arm support member 4 is provided so as to be moved (see FIG. 7).
[0015]
The control means 60 will be described. Between the arm support member 4 and the arm support member frame 31 attached to the elevating shaft 14, gas springs 61, 61 as first springs are provided on the left and right sides of the arm support member frame 31. Thus, the arm support member 4 is biased in the backward direction. Between the arm support member 4 and the support column 3, a plate spring 62b, which is a second spring for urging the arm support member 4 in the forward direction, is bent with a certain curvature and is wound around the drum 62a, is interposed. It is disguised. Specifically, a drum 62a around which one end of the leaf spring 62b is wound is attached to the front bracket of the support column 3, and the other end of the leaf spring 62b extends vertically upward as shown in FIG. The front end of the belt 62c is wound around an electromagnetic brake 64 supported by the arm support member frame 31, and further extends rearward to be connected to the front end central portion of the arm support member 4. .
In this embodiment, an example is shown in which the leaf springs 62b wound around the drum 62a are arranged in series at the top and bottom.
[0016]
The gas spring 61 is filled with gas or oil and gas, and has a lower spring constant than the coil spring, and the leaf spring 62b wound around the drum 62a has an end portion thereof. When pulling out and extending in a straight line, a constant return force is generated at any position. The combined spring constant of the pair of gas springs 61 is set to be weaker than that of the plate spring 62b as the second spring.
[0017]
The lifting stroke of the lifting shaft 14 is such that the user P sitting on the chair 5 can put his arm on the arm cushion 43b with the lifting shaft 14 lowered most, and the lifting shaft 14 has been raised most. In this state, it is set so that the user P can adjust the height so that the user can walk with the arm placed on the arm cushion 43b. The side base 42 is provided with a cover for preventing the roller 44 and the timing belt 62 from being exposed to the outside.
[0018]
As described above, the arm support member 4 including the cushion 43 moves up and down together with the lift shaft 14 and moves back and forth. The lift and back and forth movement are different in the spring constant between the gas spring 61 and the leaf spring 62b. The electromagnetic brake 64 operated by a controller (control means) (not shown) is controlled as follows.
[0019]
First, in the state where the elevating shaft 14 is lowered most, as shown in the solid lines of FIGS. 1 and 6 and FIG. When the raising switch 52a is pushed from here, the motor 26 of the raising / lowering driving mechanism 20 rotates in a predetermined direction, and the raising / lowering shaft 14 is raised via the timing belt 24 and the connecting member 25. Here, the electromagnetic brake 64 is in an on state and the brake is in an inoperative state, and whether the leaf spring 62b is unwound from the drum 62a or the gas spring 61 extends by the amount that the elevating shaft 14 is raised. There is a need to. Here, since the spring constant of the gas spring 61 is set to a value smaller than that of the leaf spring 62a, the leaf spring 62b is not unwound and the gas spring 61 extends against its urging force. Become. Therefore, the arm support member 4 moves forward while rising. When the lifting shaft 14 reaches the intermediate position in the height direction and the arm support member 4 reaches the advanced position at the same time, the sensor 27d detects that fact, and the electromagnetic brake 64 is activated based on the output signal from the sensor 27d. Turned off and ready for operation. That is, the electromagnetic brake 64 stops the movement of the belt 62c connected to the leaf spring 62b and restricts the relative movement between the belt 62c and the electromagnetic brake 64. That is, the arm support member 4 is restricted from moving back and forth.
[0020]
Therefore, after that, when the raising shaft 14 is raised by the lifting drive mechanism 20, the arm support member 4 simply performs the raising operation. Then, when the user releases the pressing to the raising switch 52a when the arm supporting member 4 is appropriately raised to the height position, the motor 26 is stopped and the raising of the arm supporting member 4 is stopped. Even if the user does not release the push on the raising switch 52a, when the elevating shaft 14 rises to the upper limit position, the sensor 27c detects that fact and stops the motor 26.
[0021]
Thus, when the arm support member 4 is appropriately stopped at the raised position, the state where the part of the belt 62c connected to the leaf spring 62b is sandwiched by the electromagnetic brake 64 is held. Restricted to move. In this state, walking training or the like is performed.
[0022]
On the other hand, when the lowering switch 52b is pressed when the arm support member 4 is in the raised position, the motor 26 rotates in the opposite direction to the above and the lifting shaft 14 is lowered. At this time, the length of the leaf spring 62b which is about the same as the distance by which the elevating shaft 14 is lowered is taken up by the drum 62a. Then, when the elevating shaft 14 reaches the intermediate position in the height direction, the sensor 27b detects that fact, and the electromagnetic brake 64 is energized based on the detection signal from the sensor 27b to be inoperative. At the same time, the leaf spring 62b is wound up to the final winding position by the drum 62a.
On the other hand, the arm support member 4 is in a free state with respect to the electromagnetic brake 64. Thereafter, the gas spring 61 is extended by the same distance as the elevating shaft 14 is further lowered to retract the arm support member 4. As a result, the arm support member 4 moves backward together with the lifting shaft 14 while being lowered. And when the raising / lowering axis | shaft 14 descend | falls most, the arm support member 4 returns to a back backward position. At this time, the sensor 27a detects that the elevating shaft 14 has reached the lowest position, and stops the motor 26.
[0023]
Subsequently, a method of using the walking assist device 1 having the above-described configuration and an operation associated therewith will be described.
First, as an initial setting at the start of use, the elevating shaft 14 is in the most lowered state, and the arm support member 4 is in the retracted position where it is retracted. The user P sitting in the chair 5 enters the walking support machine 1 with his upper body, puts his left and right arms on the left and right arm cushions 43b of the arm support member 4, and holds the handle grip 50. At this time, the walking assist device 1 is stopped by grasping the brake lever 51 for safety. Next, the user P pushes the ascending switch 52a, and raises his / her upper body while putting his / her arm on the arm cushion 43b. The arm support member 4 rises together with the lifting shaft 14 and moves forward. That is, the arm support member 4 moves obliquely forward. Then, when the elevating shaft 14 reaches the intermediate position in the height direction and the sensor 27d detects that fact, the arm support member 4 reaches the forward movement position and stops moving forward. At the same time, the electromagnetic brake 64 changes from the non-operating state to the operating state. Thereafter, the arm support member 4 performs only the raising operation, and when the user appropriately reaches the raising position, when the user releases the pressing to the raising switch 52a, the arm supporting member 4 stops at the height position. In this state, the user P can actually walk, and the user P releases the brake lever 51 and attaches both arms to the arm cushion 43b so that the weight of the upper body is left on the arm support member 4 and the walking support device 1 To train to walk.
[0024]
Next, when the user P completes walking training and sits down on the chair 5, after returning to a position where the user P can sit down on the chair 5, first, the user holds the brake lever 51 so that the walking support machine 1 does not move, and then the lowering switch. Press 52b. The arm support member 4 moves down together with the lifting shaft 14 and moves backward while descending after the sensor 27b detects the lifting shaft 14. When the elevating shaft 14 is lowered most, the arm support member 4 reaches the most backward retracted position and stops there. During this time, the user P drops his / her waist while placing his / her arm on the arm cushion 43 b while leaving the upper body weight on the arm support member 4, and finally sits on the chair 5.
[0025]
According to the walking assist device 1, the arm support member 4 moves forward as it rises from the retracted position in the first stage of ascent, so that the user P puts his arm on the cushion 43 (mainly the arm cushion 43b) of the arm support member 4. By connecting, it is possible to always support the load that moves to the front of the upper body that occurs when standing up. Further, when sitting down, the arm support member 4 is lowered to an appropriate height position and then retracted while being lowered.
That is, the arm support member 4 follows the movement of the upper body of the user P and moves forward and backward as well as ascending and descending. Is greatly reduced.
[0026]
In addition, this invention is not limited to the structure of the said one Embodiment, For example, as the raising / lowering drive mechanism 20, you may be comprised by the cylinder using a hydraulic pressure or an air pressure, the combination of a rack and a pinion, etc.
[0027]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, as described above, the arm support member that supports the user's upper body and moves up and down with the elevating member follows the movement of the user's upper body. In addition, since it is configured to move back and forth in the latter part of the descent, the feeling of use is greatly improved and the burden on use is greatly reduced. In other words, it is possible to take a natural standing posture without difficulty or sitting on the chair from a standing posture.
In addition, since the driving force of the elevating drive mechanism can be used to move the arm support member back and forth, the number of drive devices can be reduced and the device can be simplified and impossible compared with the case where a dedicated front and rear drive device is used. Cost can be reduced .
Since the brake means for holding the arm support member in the forward position on the spot is connected to the second spring, the arm support member may inadvertently move rearward during the late rise, early fall or during running training. Can be prevented, and safety during training can be further increased .
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1A is a right side view of a walking assist device according to an embodiment of the present invention. (B) is a right side view showing another example of the rear wheel of the walking assist device.
FIG. 2 is a front view of the same.
FIG. 3 is a view taken along the line III-III in FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a partial cross-sectional side view showing a lower part of the walking assistance machine.
FIG. 5 is a partial cross-sectional side view showing an upper part of the walking assist device.
FIG. 6 is a plan view mainly showing an arm support member of the walking support machine.
FIG. 7 is an operation explanatory diagram of the walking assist device.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Walking assistance machine, 2 ... Main frame (frame), 3 ... Support | pillar, 4 ... Arm support member, 12 ... Front wheel (traveling wheel), 13 ... Rear wheel (traveling wheel), 14 ... Elevating shaft (elevating member), DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 20 ... Elevating drive mechanism, 24 ... Timing belt, 26 ... Motor, 27a, 27b, 27c ... Sensor, 60 ... Control means, 61 ... Gas spring, 62a ... Drum, 62b ... Leaf spring, 64 ... Electromagnetic brake, P ... Use Person.

Claims (1)

使用者の上体の荷重を支えることにより使用者の歩行を支援する歩行支援機であって、
走行車輪を備えたフレーム(2)と、
このフレームの前部に立設された支柱(3)と、
この支柱に昇降可能に設けられた昇降部材(14)と、
この昇降部材を昇降させる昇降駆動機構(20)と、
この昇降部材に設けられた腕支持部材フレーム(31)に、後方の後退位置から前方の前進位置まで前後移動可能に取り付けられ、前記使用者の腕が載せられて使用者の上体の荷重を受ける腕支持部材(4)と、
前記昇降部材が高さ方向中間位置に位置したときそれを検知するセンサ(27b)と、
前記昇降部材が前記昇降駆動機構により下降位置から前記センサにより検知される高さ方向中間位置まで上昇する上昇前期において前記腕支持部材を後退位置から前進位置まで移動させ、その後前記昇降部材が前記昇降駆動機構により高さ方向中間位置から上昇位置まで上昇する上昇後期において前記腕支持部材を前進位置のまま保持する一方、前記昇降部材が前記昇降駆動機構により上昇位置から前記センサにより検知される高さ方向中間位置まで下降する下降前期において前記腕支持部材を前進位置のまま保持し、その後前記昇降部材が前記昇降駆動機構により高さ方向中間位置から下降位置まで下降する下降後期において前記腕支持部材を前進位置から後退位置まで移動させるように、前記腕支持部材の前後移動を制御する制御手段(60)とを備え、
前記制御手段は、前記腕支持部材と前記昇降部材との間に介装されて前記腕支持部材を後退方向へ付勢する第1のスプリング(61)と、前記腕支持部材と前記支柱との間に介装されて腕支持部材を前進方向へ付勢する第2のスプリング(62b)とを備え、
前記第1のスプリングのばね定数が前記第2のスプリングのそれよりも弱く設定され、
前記第2のスプリングを構成する長尺の板ばねの一端側は、ドラムを介して巻き取り巻き解き可能に巻回されて前記支柱の高さ方向中間部に連結され、前記板ばねの他端側はベルトの基端に連結され、該ベルトの先端は鉛直上方へ延び、前記腕支持部材フレームに設けられ前記センサからの信号に基づき前記ベルトとの相対移動を可能または規制するように切り替えられるブレーキ手段を経由して水平方向後方に延びて前記腕支持部材に連結されていることを特徴とする歩行支援機。
A walking support machine that supports the user's walking by supporting the user's upper body load,
A frame (2) with traveling wheels;
A column (3) erected on the front of the frame;
An elevating member (14) provided on the column so as to be movable up and down;
An elevating drive mechanism (20) for elevating and lowering the elevating member;
The arm support member frame (31) provided on the elevating member is attached so as to be able to move back and forth from the backward retracted position to the forward advanced position, and the user's arm is placed thereon to load the upper body of the user. Receiving arm support member (4);
A sensor (27b) for detecting when the elevating member is located at an intermediate position in the height direction;
The lifting member so that is moved to the advanced position from the retracted position the arm support member at elevated year rising from the lowered position to the height direction intermediate position detected by the sensor by the elevation driving mechanism, then the lifting member is the elevation While the drive mechanism holds the arm support member at the advanced position in the latter period of ascending from the intermediate position in the height direction to the raised position, the height of the lift member detected by the sensor from the raised position by the lift drive mechanism holding the arm supporting member in a descending year descending to medial position while the forward position, then the arm supporting member in a lowered late the lifting member is lowered to the lowered position from the height direction intermediate position by the lifting drive mechanism Control means for controlling the back-and-forth movement of the arm support member so as to move from the forward position to the backward position ( 0) and equipped with a,
The control means includes a first spring (61) interposed between the arm support member and the elevating member to urge the arm support member in a backward direction, and the arm support member and the support column. A second spring (62b) interposed therebetween to bias the arm support member in the forward direction,
The spring constant of the first spring is set to be weaker than that of the second spring;
One end side of the long leaf spring constituting the second spring is wound so as to be unwound and unwound through a drum and connected to the intermediate portion in the height direction of the support column, and the other end side of the leaf spring Is connected to the base end of the belt, the front end of the belt extends vertically upward, and is provided on the arm support member frame and is switched to enable or restrict relative movement with the belt based on a signal from the sensor. A walking support machine that extends rearward in the horizontal direction through the means and is connected to the arm support member .
JP21530097A 1997-08-08 1997-08-08 Walking support machine Expired - Lifetime JP3955363B2 (en)

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