JP3953606B2 - Process for producing stretched film of saponified ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer - Google Patents

Process for producing stretched film of saponified ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3953606B2
JP3953606B2 JP32045197A JP32045197A JP3953606B2 JP 3953606 B2 JP3953606 B2 JP 3953606B2 JP 32045197 A JP32045197 A JP 32045197A JP 32045197 A JP32045197 A JP 32045197A JP 3953606 B2 JP3953606 B2 JP 3953606B2
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Prior art keywords
evoh
film
stretching
ethylene
vinyl acetate
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JPH10180867A (en
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照夫 岩波
友之 山本
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Nippon Synthetic Chemical Industry Co Ltd
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Nippon Synthetic Chemical Industry Co Ltd
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、エチレン−酢酸ビニル共重合体ケン化物(以下、EVOHと略記する)延伸フィルムの製造法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来より、EVOH延伸フィルムは、そのガスバリヤー性を生かして、各種包装用途に多用されている。
かかるEVOHフィルムの製造法としては、EVOH(ペレット)を溶融押出機等によりフィルム状に成形し、更に1軸或いは2軸に延伸するのが一般的である。
【0003】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、その製造法によっては、得られたEVOHフィルムにダイラインやフィッシュアイ等が生じたり、或いは透明性に劣ったりすることも多く、更には製造中にゲルや目ヤニ等が発生してロングラン成形が困難となることもあり、EVOHフィルムの製造においては、十分な配慮が必要とされるところである。
【0004】
【課題を解決するための手段】
そこで、本発明者等はかかる事情に鑑みて鋭意研究を重ねた結果、エチレン含有量10〜60モル%、ケン化度90モル%以上、含水率10〜60重量%のEVOHを用い、該EVOHを溶融押出して得られたフィルムを含水率21〜50重量%で延伸することにより上記の課題を解決することができることを見出し本発明を完成するに至った
【0006】
即ち、本発明の製造法によれば、膜厚が均一で透明性やガスバリヤー性等に優れた均質なEVOHフィルムを得ることができ、更には製造中にゲルや目ヤニ等の発生を押さえることもでき、ロングラン成形性にも優れるものである。
【0007】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明の製造法について具体的に説明する。
本発明のEVOHとしては、エチレン含量10〜60モル%、好ましくは20〜60モル%、更に好ましくは25〜55モル%、酢酸ビニル成分のケン化度が90モル%以上、好ましくは95モル%以上のものが好適に用いられ、エチレン含量が10モル%未満では耐水性が不十分となり、一方60モル%を越えるとガスバリヤー性が低下して好ましくない。又、ケン化度が90モル%未満では耐水性が不十分となって好ましくない。
【0008】
又、該EVOHは必要に応じて、種々変性されていても良く、又該変性EVOHと上記EVOHの混合物でも良い。該変性EVOHとしては、例えば、プロピレン、イソブテン等による変性EVOH、炭素数3〜30のα−オレフィンの少なくとも1種又は炭素数3〜30のα−オレフィンの少なくとも1種とエチレンによる変性EVOH、アクリル酸エステルをグラフト重合して得られる変性EVOH、(メタ)アクリル酸エステル−エチレン−酢酸ビニルからなる3元共重合体をケン化して得られる変性EVOH、EVOHの水酸基をシアノエチル基により変性した変性EVOH、ポリエステルをビニルアルコールと解重合反応させてなるポリエステルグラフト物を含有する変性EVOH、酢酸ビニル−エチレン−ケイ素含有オレフィン性不飽和単量体の共重合体をケン化して得られる変性EVOH、ピロリドン環含有単量体−エチレン−酢酸ビニルからなる3元共重合体をケン化して得られる変性EVOH、アクリルアミド−エチレン−酢酸ビニルからなる3元共重合体をケン化して得られる変性EVOH、酢酸アリル−エチレン−酢酸ビニルからなる3元共重合体をケン化して得られる変性EVOH、酢酸イソプロペニル−エチレン−酢酸ビニルからなる3元共重合体をケン化して得られる変性EVOH、ポリエーテル成分がEVOHの末端に付加している変性EVOH、ポリエーテル成分がEVOHの枝ポリマーとしてグラフト状に付加している変性EVOH、アルキレンオキサイドがEVOHに付加した変性EVOH、等が挙げられる。
【0009】
又、EVOHは上記以外のα−オレフィン、不飽和カルボン酸又はその塩・部分アルキルエステル・完全アルキルエステル・ニトリル・アミド・無水物、不飽和スルホン酸又はその塩等のコモノマーを含んでいても差支えない。
【0010】
本発明においては、先ず上記の如きEVOH(ペレット)の含水率を10〜60重量%、好ましくは15〜55重量%に調整するのであるが、かかる方法は特に限定されず、EVOHのペレットと水を混合撹拌して該ペレットに吸水させても良いし、蒸気を吹き込む方法も採用される。又、EVOHの製造時に若干のメタノール、イソプロピルアルコール等のアルコールと共に含水させることも可能である。
この際、少量のエチレングリコール、プロピレングリコール、グリセリンなどの可塑剤を含んでいても差し支えない。
【0011】
かかるEVOHの含水率が10重量%未満では、押出成形温度を上げる必要があり、ロングラン加工(成形)性が低下するばかりでなく均一な延伸が困難となり、逆に60重量%を越えると過剰な水が極所的な延伸をもたらし、延伸ムラひいては破断の原因となって本発明の目的を達成することは困難となる。
【0012】
本発明では、上記の如きEVOHについて、特に上記▲1▼式を満足することが好ましく、▲1▼式の範囲が70未満では押出機内で水と樹脂とが分離を起こし押出不安定となり、一方130を越えると発泡を生じたりロングラン成形性が低下したり延伸原反フィルムの厚みムラが生じることとなり好ましくない。中でも特に▲1▼式の範囲が85〜125であることがより好ましい。
かかる▲1▼式を満足するには、EVOHのエチレン含有量、ケン化度及び含水率を適宜コントロールすることにより達成される。
【0013】
本発明では、上記の如く含水率が調整されたEVOHには、必要に応じて、種々の樹脂或いは化合物とブレンドすることも可能である。例えば、ブレンドするものとしては、例えば、マイカ、タルク、セリサイト、ガラスフレーク等の無機フィラー、塩素化パラフィン、テトラクロロ無水フタル酸等の塩素系難燃剤、リン酸エステル系のリン系難燃剤、2,4−ジブロモフェノール重縮合物、トリブロムフェノール、オクタブロムジフェニルオキサイド等の臭素系難燃剤、三酸化アンチモンや水酸化アルミニウム等の無機系難燃剤、脂肪族或いは芳香族ポリアミド、アクリル酸塩系重合体架橋物、アクリル酸エステル−酢酸ビニル共重合体架橋物のケン化物、デンプン−アクリル酸塩グラフト共重合体架橋物、デンプン−アクリロニトリルグラフト共重合体架橋物のケン化物、無水マレイン酸グラフトポリビニルアルコール架橋物等の高吸水性樹脂、重合度50〜3000、ケン化度20〜100モル%のポリビニルアルコール、デンプン、ポリ乳酸、ポリカプロラクトン等の生分解性樹脂、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、ポリスチレン、塩素化ポリエチレン等のポリオレフィン、マレイン酸変性ポリエチレン、エチレン−酢酸ビニル共重合体等の酸変性ポリオレフィン、脂肪族ポリエステル、ポリテトラアルキレングリコール−ポリブチレンテレフタレートのブロック共重合体等のポリエステル、エチレン−アクリル酸共重合体の金属塩等のアイオノマー、ポリ塩化ビニル、ポリ塩化ビニリデン、エチレン−酢酸ビニル−塩化ビニル共重合体、ポリメタクリル酸メチル等が挙げられる。更には、本発明に用いるEVOHとはエチレン含有量及びケン化度の異なるEVOHや、エチレン含有量10〜60モル%、ケン化度20〜100モル%のEVOH、エチレン含有量61〜95モル%、ケン化度20〜100モル%のEVOH等の他のEVOHをブレンドすることも可能である。
【0014】
上記の如く水の含有率が調整されたEVOHは、次いで溶融押出機に供されてフィルム状に成形されるのであるが、かかる成形時の条件としては、特に限定されないが、通常はノンベント、スクリュータイプ押出機を用い溶融温度40〜150℃で押出製膜される。製膜されたフイルム中に均一な分布で水を残留させる為に、圧縮比2.0〜3.8のスクリューを用い、バレルのフィード部の温度は80℃以下の低めに設定して行うことが好ましい。
【0015】
上記の方法で得られたフィルム状のEVOH成形物は、次いで延伸に供されるのであるが、本発明においては、かかる延伸時(延伸直前)のEVOH成形物の含水率を21〜50重量%に調整することも重要で、かかる含水率が5重量%未満では延伸斑を生じやすく、破断の原因ともなり、逆に50重量%を越えると充分な延伸配向によるガスバリヤー性と強度の改善効果が得られず、本発明の目的を達成することは困難となる。
かかる含水率の調整方法としては、特に限定されず、製膜直後に調湿操作を加えることもできる。
【0016】
このときに該成形物は水以外にエチレングリコール、プロピレングリコール、グリセリン等の可塑剤を0.2〜10重量%程度含有していても良い。
延伸については、1軸延伸法、2軸延伸法(同時、逐次)等があり、特に限定されないが、本発明は、特に逐次2軸延伸法における第1次(MD方向)延伸に効果的であり、かかる延伸方法について詳細に説明する。
【0017】
上記の含水率が調整されたフィルム状のEVOH成形物は、第1次(MD方向)延伸工程に供される。かかる第1次(MD方向)延伸は、公知の方法を利用することができ、上記の成形物を40〜100℃の条件下で縦方向に1.5〜8倍に延伸するのである。かかる第1次(MD方向)延伸の処理後の含水率は0.5〜45重量%、好ましくは1〜40重量%にすることが望ましく、0.5重量%未満では第2次(TD方向)延伸での延伸斑が生じ、同時の延伸倍率まで延伸することが困難となり、逆に45重量%を越えると第1次の延伸配向効果が期待できず、ガスバリヤー性、強度の改善効果が少なくなって好ましくない。かかる含水率の調整方法としては予熱ロールの温度と時間、第1次(MD方向)延伸の温度と延伸速度等により行うことができる。
【0018】
上記の第1次(MD方向)延伸されたEVOHフィルムは、続いて第2次(TD方向)延伸工程で横方向の延伸に供されるのであるが、かかる工程においては、公知の方法を利用することができ、上記のEVOHフィルムを60〜140℃の条件下で横方向に1.5〜8倍に延伸するのである。
通常は、フイルム両耳部をクリップではさむテンター方式で行われる。本条件以外ではクリップ部、クリップ−クリップ間及びフイルム巾方向の中間部でのいずれかの破断が生じ、目標の延伸フイルムを得ることは極めて困難である。
また、通常は更に熱固定を行う、熱固定とは緊張下に温度120〜200℃で数秒ないし数分間フイルムを加熱することで、更に熱固定後のフイルムに柔軟性と寸法安定性を付与するために、含水率が0.3〜3重量%程度、好ましくは0.5〜2重量%程度になるまでフイルムを調湿してもよい。
【0019】
本発明で得られたEVOHフィルムは、単層のみならず、かかるフィルムを少なくとも一層とする積層体として実用に供せられることが多い。
該積層体の製造に当たっては、本発明の製造法により得られたフィルム、シート等の樹脂成形物の層の片面又は両面に他の基材をラミネートするのであるが、ラミネート方法としては、例えば、該樹脂成形物と他の基材のフイルム、シートとを有機チタン化合物、イソシアネート化合物、ポリエステル系化合物等の公知の接着剤を用いてラミネートする方法等が挙げられる。
【0020】
かかる他の基材フィルムとしては、直鎖状低密度ポリエチレン、低密度ポリエチレン、中密度ポリエチレン、高密度ポリエチレン、エチレン−酢酸ビニル共重合体、アイオノマー、エチレン−プロピレン共重合体、エチレン−アクリル酸エステル共重合体、ポリプロピレン、プロピレン−α−オレフィン(炭素数4〜20のα−オレフィン)共重合体、ポリブテン、ポリペンテン等のオレフィンの単独又は共重合体、或いはこれらのオレフィンの単独又は共重合体を不飽和カルボン酸又はそのエステルでグラフト変性したもの等の広義のポリオレフィン系樹脂、ポリスチレン系樹脂、ポリエステル、ポリアミド、共重合ポリアミド、ポリ塩化ビニル、ポリ塩化ビニリデン、アクリル系樹脂、ビニルエステル系樹脂、ポリエステルエラストマー、ポリウレタンエラストマー、塩素化ポリエチレン、塩素化ポリプロピレン、EVOH等が挙げられ、更には、紙、金属箔、1軸又は2軸延伸プラスチックフイルム又はシート、織布、不織布、金属綿条、木質面なども使用可能である。
【0021】
積層体の層構成としては、EVOHフィルムの層をI(I1,I2,・・・)、他の基材、例えば熱可塑性樹脂層をII(II1,II2,・・・)とするとき、フィルム、シート状であれば、I/IIの二層構造のみならず、II/I/II、I/II/I、I1/I2/II、I/II1/II2、II2/II1/I/II1/II2など任意の組合せが可能である。
【0022】
かくして、本発明のEVOHフィルムやその積層体は、その特性、即ち外観特性、ガスバリヤー性等に優れるため、食品や医薬品、農薬品、工業薬品包装用のフィルム、シート、チューブ、袋、容器、レトルト容器等の用途に非常に有用である。
又、本発明は延伸フィルムの製造法に関するものであるが、本発明で使用される含水率の調整されたEVOHは、溶液コーティング、溶融コーティング等にも使用できたり、繊維として水耕栽培繊維に用いたり、押出機のパージング剤として使用したりすることも可能である。
【0023】
【実施例】
以下、実施例を挙げて本発明を具体的に説明する。
尚、例中、「部」、「%」とあるのは、特に断りのない限り重量基準を意味する。
実施例1
EVOH[エチレン含有量35モル%、ケン化度99.8モル%]100部をに水を含浸せしめ含水率35%のEVOHを得た。
次いで、かかるEVOHをTダイを備えた単軸押出機に供給し、厚さ120μmのEVOHフィルムの成形を行った
【0024】
単軸押出機による製膜条件は下記の通りとした。

Figure 0003953606
【0025】
上記のEVOHフィルムの成形に当たっては、96時間のロングラン成形を行ったが、ゲルや目ヤニ等の発生もなく、良好なEVOHフィルムを得ることができ、ロングラン成形性は良好であった。
次いで、上記の成形で得られたEVOHフィルム(含水率30%)を原反として、連続的に下記の条件で逐次2軸延伸、熱固定及び調湿を行って、EVOH延伸フィルムを得た。
【0026】
[第1次延伸(縦延伸)条件]
延伸機 ロール式1次延伸機
延伸ロール温度 70℃
縦方向延伸倍率 2.0倍
延伸後の膜厚 60μm
延伸後の含水率 30%
【0027】
[第2次延伸(横延伸)条件]
延伸機 テンター式2軸延伸機
延伸温度 110℃
横方向延伸倍率 3.0倍
延伸後の膜厚 20μm
延伸後の含水率 2%
【0028】
[熱固定条件]
温度 160℃
時間 3秒
[調湿条件]
20℃、65%RH下に7日放置
調湿後の含水率 2.5%
【0029】
得られたEVOH(2軸)延伸フィルム(延伸処理3時間後のフィルム)の透明性、フィルム外観、ガスバリヤー性、フィルム強度ついて、下記の如く評価を行った。
【0030】
(透明性)
ヘイズ値を測定した。
(フィルム外観)
目視により観察を行った。
(ガスバリヤー性)
20℃、65%RHの条件下で、酸素透過度(cc・20μ/m2・day・atm)を測定した。
(フィルム強度)
20℃、65%RHの条件下で、ASTM−D−882及び同1922に準拠して、引張強度(Ts;kg/mm2)、伸度(El;%)及び引裂強度(Tr;kg/μm)を測定した。
【0031】
比較例5
実施例1において、含水率20%のEVOHを得た以外は同様に行って、EVOHフィルム及びEVOH延伸フィルムを得て、同様に評価を行った。この時のEVOHフイルムの含水率は17%、第1次延伸後の水分率は13%、第2次延伸後の水分率は2%、調湿後の含水率は2.5%であった。尚、EVOHフィルムのロングラン成形性は実施例1と同様に良好であった。
【0032】
実施例
実施例1において、エチレン含有量が45モル%、ケン化度が99.8モル%のEVOHを用い、含水率25%のEVOHを得た以外は同様に行ってEVOHフィルム及びEVOH延伸フィルムを得、同様に評価を行った。この時のEVOHフイルムの含水率は23%、第1次延伸後の水分率は16%、第2次延伸後の水分率は2.5%、調湿後の含水率は2.8%であった。尚、EVOHフィルムのロングラン成形性は実施例1と同様に良好であった。
【0033】
比較例1
実施例1において、含水率5%のEVOHとした以外は同様に行ったが、EVOHフィルムのロングラン成形時において、約72時間後にはダイラインが激しくなり、ロングラン成形性は不良であった。また、延伸処理においても、第1次延伸時にフイルムの破断が生じ、安定した延伸が不可能で、延伸フィルムを得ることができなかった。
【0034】
比較例2
実施例1において、含水率70%のEVOHとした以外は同様に行ったが、EVOHフィルムのロングラン成形時において、約3時間後にはバレルのフィード部に水が析出し、吐出不安定となり、膜厚が不均一な延伸用原反しか得られなかったが、実施例1と同様に連続的に延伸処理を行った。
【0035】
比較例3
実施例1において、含水率13%のEVOHとし、押出温度をC1:110℃、C2:120℃、C3:140℃、C4:150℃、H:150℃、D:150℃として、EVOHフィルムの含水率を3%とした以外は同様に行ったが、EVOHフィルムのロングラン成形性は良好であったが、延伸処理において、第1次延伸時にフイルムの破断が生じ、安定した延伸が不可能で、延伸フィルムを得ることができなかった。
【0036】
比較例4
実施例1において、含水率60%のEVOHとし、押出温度をC1:40℃、C2:60℃、C3:60℃、C4:60℃、H:60℃、D:60℃として、EVOHフィルムの含水率を55%とした以外は同様に行ったが、EVOHフィルムのロングラン成形時において、約5時間後にはバレルのフィード部に水が析出し、吐出不安定となり、膜厚が不均一な延伸用原反しか得られなかったが、実施例1と同様に連続的に延伸処理を行った。
実施例及び比較例の評価結果を表1に示す。
【0037】
【表1】
Figure 0003953606
註)Tsは引張強度(kg/mm2)、Elは伸度(%)、Trは引裂強度(kg/μ m)をそれぞれ表し、数値は縦方向/横方向のそれぞれの測定値を表す。
また、酸素透過度の単位は、cc・20μ/m2・day・atmである。
【0038】
【発明の効果】
本発明では、EVOHの成形物(フィルム)及び該成形物から延伸フィルムを製造するに当たり、成形前のEVOHの含水率及び延伸時のEVOHの含水率を特定の範囲に調整しているため、透明性、フィルム外観、膜厚安定性ガスバリヤー性、フィルム強度等に優れ、更には、製造中にゲルや目ヤニ等の発生を押さえることもでき、ロングラン成形性にも優れるもので、本発明の製造法で得られたEVOH延伸フィルムを少なくとも1層とした多層積層体は非常に有用で、食品や医薬品、農薬品、工業薬品等の包装用材料として大変有用である。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for producing a saponified ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (hereinafter abbreviated as EVOH) stretched film.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, stretched EVOH films have been widely used for various packaging applications by taking advantage of their gas barrier properties.
As a method for producing such an EVOH film, EVOH (pellet) is generally formed into a film shape by a melt extruder or the like and further stretched uniaxially or biaxially.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, depending on the manufacturing method, die lines, fish eyes, etc. are often produced on the obtained EVOH film, or the transparency is inferior, and further, gels and discoloration are generated during production, and long run molding is performed. In the production of EVOH film, sufficient consideration is required.
[0004]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
Therefore, the present inventors conducted extensive research in view of such circumstances, and as a result, EVOH having an ethylene content of 10 to 60 mol%, a saponification degree of 90 mol% or more, and a water content of 10 to 60 wt% was used. The present invention was completed by finding that the above-mentioned problems can be solved by stretching a film obtained by melt-extrusion at a moisture content of 21 to 50% by weight .
[0006]
That is, according to the production method of the present invention, it is possible to obtain a uniform EVOH film having a uniform film thickness and excellent in transparency, gas barrier properties, and the like. It is also excellent in long run moldability.
[0007]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the production method of the present invention will be specifically described.
The EVOH of the present invention has an ethylene content of 10 to 60 mol%, preferably 20 to 60 mol%, more preferably 25 to 55 mol%, and a saponification degree of the vinyl acetate component of 90 mol% or more, preferably 95 mol%. The above are preferably used, and if the ethylene content is less than 10 mol%, the water resistance is insufficient. On the other hand, if the ethylene content exceeds 60 mol%, the gas barrier property is lowered, which is not preferable. On the other hand, if the degree of saponification is less than 90 mol%, the water resistance is insufficient, which is not preferable.
[0008]
The EVOH may be variously modified as necessary, or a mixture of the modified EVOH and the above EVOH. Examples of the modified EVOH include modified EVOH using propylene, isobutene, etc., at least one α-olefin having 3 to 30 carbon atoms, or at least one α-olefin having 3 to 30 carbon atoms and ethylene modified EVOH, acrylic Modified EVOH obtained by graft polymerization of acid ester, modified EVOH obtained by saponification of terpolymer of (meth) acrylic acid ester-ethylene-vinyl acetate, modified EVOH obtained by modifying the hydroxyl group of EVOH with cyanoethyl group Modified EVOH containing a polyester graft product obtained by depolymerizing polyester with vinyl alcohol, modified EVOH obtained by saponifying a copolymer of vinyl acetate-ethylene-silicon-containing olefinically unsaturated monomer, pyrrolidone ring Containing monomer-ethylene-vinyl acetate Modified EVOH obtained by saponifying the ternary copolymer, modified EVOH obtained by saponifying the ternary copolymer consisting of acrylamide-ethylene-vinyl acetate, and ternary copolymer consisting of allyl acetate-ethylene-vinyl acetate Modified EVOH obtained by saponifying the coal, modified EVOH obtained by saponifying a terpolymer comprising isopropenyl acetate-ethylene-vinyl acetate, modified EVOH having a polyether component added to the end of EVOH, poly Examples thereof include modified EVOH in which an ether component is added as a branch polymer of EVOH in a graft form, modified EVOH in which alkylene oxide is added to EVOH, and the like.
[0009]
EVOH may contain other comonomers such as α-olefins, unsaturated carboxylic acids or salts thereof, partial alkyl esters, complete alkyl esters, nitriles, amides, anhydrides, unsaturated sulfonic acids or salts thereof other than those described above. Absent.
[0010]
In the present invention, the water content of EVOH (pellets) as described above is first adjusted to 10 to 60% by weight, preferably 15 to 55% by weight, but this method is not particularly limited, and EVOH pellets and water May be mixed and stirred to absorb water into the pellet, or a method of blowing steam may be employed. It is also possible to contain water together with some alcohol such as methanol and isopropyl alcohol during the production of EVOH.
At this time, a small amount of plasticizer such as ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerin and the like may be included.
[0011]
When the moisture content of EVOH is less than 10% by weight, it is necessary to increase the extrusion molding temperature, and not only the long-run processing (molding) property is deteriorated, but also uniform stretching becomes difficult. Water causes localized stretching, which causes stretching unevenness and thus breakage, making it difficult to achieve the object of the present invention.
[0012]
In the present invention, the EVOH as described above preferably satisfies the above formula (1). If the range of the formula (1) is less than 70, water and resin are separated in the extruder and the extrusion becomes unstable. If it exceeds 130, foaming occurs, long-run moldability deteriorates, and unevenness in the thickness of the stretched original film occurs, which is not preferable. In particular, the range of the formula (1) is more preferably 85 to 125.
Satisfying the formula (1) is achieved by appropriately controlling the ethylene content, saponification degree and water content of EVOH.
[0013]
In the present invention, the EVOH having the moisture content adjusted as described above can be blended with various resins or compounds as necessary. For example, as a blend, for example, inorganic fillers such as mica, talc, sericite, glass flakes, chlorinated paraffin, chlorinated flame retardants such as tetrachlorophthalic anhydride, phosphate ester-based phosphorus flame retardants, Brominated flame retardants such as 2,4-dibromophenol polycondensate, tribromophenol, octabromodiphenyl oxide, inorganic flame retardants such as antimony trioxide and aluminum hydroxide, aliphatic or aromatic polyamides, acrylates Cross-linked polymer, saponified product of acrylic ester-vinyl acetate copolymer cross-linked product, cross-linked product of starch-acrylate graft copolymer, saponified product of cross-linked starch-acrylonitrile graft copolymer, maleic anhydride grafted polyvinyl Superabsorbent resin such as alcohol cross-linked product, polymerization degree 50-3000, ke Biodegradable resins such as polyvinyl alcohol, starch, polylactic acid, and polycaprolactone having a degree of conversion of 20 to 100 mol%, polyolefins such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, and chlorinated polyethylene, maleic acid-modified polyethylene, and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer Such as acid-modified polyolefin, aliphatic polyester, polyester such as polytetraalkylene glycol-polybutylene terephthalate block copolymer, ionomer such as metal salt of ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, ethylene -Vinyl acetate-vinyl chloride copolymer, polymethyl methacrylate and the like. Further, EVOH having an ethylene content and a saponification degree different from EVOH used in the present invention, EVOH having an ethylene content of 10 to 60 mol% and a saponification degree of 20 to 100 mol%, and an ethylene content of 61 to 95 mol% It is also possible to blend other EVOH such as EVOH having a saponification degree of 20 to 100 mol%.
[0014]
EVOH having the water content adjusted as described above is then subjected to a melt extruder and molded into a film. However, the conditions at the time of molding are not particularly limited. Extrusion film formation is performed at a melting temperature of 40 to 150 ° C. using a type extruder. Use a screw with a compression ratio of 2.0 to 3.8, and set the temperature of the feed part of the barrel at a low temperature of 80 ° C. or lower in order to leave water with a uniform distribution in the film formed. Is preferred.
[0015]
The film-like EVOH molded product obtained by the above method is then subjected to stretching. In the present invention, the moisture content of the EVOH molded product at the time of stretching (immediately before stretching) is 21 to 50 weights. When the water content is less than 5% by weight, stretch spots tend to occur and cause breakage. On the other hand, when the water content exceeds 50% by weight, gas barrier properties and strength are improved by sufficient stretch orientation. The effect is not obtained, and it is difficult to achieve the object of the present invention.
The method for adjusting the moisture content is not particularly limited, and a humidity control operation can be added immediately after film formation.
[0016]
At this time, the molded product may contain about 0.2 to 10% by weight of a plasticizer such as ethylene glycol, propylene glycol and glycerin in addition to water.
The stretching includes a uniaxial stretching method, a biaxial stretching method (simultaneous, sequential), and the like, and is not particularly limited. However, the present invention is particularly effective for primary (MD direction) stretching in the sequential biaxial stretching method. Yes, this stretching method will be described in detail.
[0017]
The film-like EVOH molded product in which the moisture content is adjusted is subjected to a primary (MD direction) stretching step. For such primary (MD direction) stretching, a known method can be used, and the above molded product is stretched 1.5 to 8 times in the longitudinal direction under the condition of 40 to 100 ° C. The water content after the primary (MD direction) stretching treatment is 0.5 to 45% by weight, preferably 1 to 40% by weight, and if it is less than 0.5% by weight, the secondary (TD direction) ) Stretch spots are generated during stretching, making it difficult to stretch to the same stretching ratio. Conversely, if it exceeds 45% by weight, the primary stretching orientation effect cannot be expected, and gas barrier properties and strength are improved. Less is not preferable. As a method for adjusting the water content, the temperature and time of the preheating roll, the temperature (first direction of MD) stretching, the stretching speed, and the like can be used.
[0018]
The primary (MD direction) stretched EVOH film is subsequently subjected to a transverse direction stretching in a secondary (TD direction) stretching step. In this step, a known method is used. The EVOH film is stretched 1.5 to 8 times in the transverse direction under the condition of 60 to 140 ° C.
Usually, the tenter method is used in which both ears of a film are sandwiched between clips. Except for this condition, any breakage occurs at the clip portion, between the clip and the clip, or at the intermediate portion in the film width direction, and it is extremely difficult to obtain the target stretched film.
In addition, heat fixing is usually further performed. Heat fixing is a film heated at a temperature of 120 to 200 ° C. for several seconds to several minutes under tension, thereby further imparting flexibility and dimensional stability to the film after heat fixing. Therefore, the film may be conditioned until the water content is about 0.3 to 3% by weight, preferably about 0.5 to 2% by weight.
[0019]
The EVOH film obtained in the present invention is often used not only as a single layer but also as a laminate comprising such a film as at least one layer.
In the production of the laminate, another substrate is laminated on one side or both sides of a layer of a resin molded product such as a film or sheet obtained by the production method of the present invention. Examples include a method of laminating the resin molded product and the film or sheet of another substrate using a known adhesive such as an organic titanium compound, an isocyanate compound, or a polyester compound.
[0020]
Such other base films include linear low density polyethylene, low density polyethylene, medium density polyethylene, high density polyethylene, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, ionomer, ethylene-propylene copolymer, ethylene-acrylic acid ester. Copolymer, polypropylene, propylene-α-olefin (α-olefin having 4 to 20 carbon atoms) copolymer, polybutene, polypentene, and other olefins alone or copolymers, or these olefins alone or copolymers. Broadly defined polyolefin resins such as those graft-modified with unsaturated carboxylic acids or esters thereof, polystyrene resins, polyesters, polyamides, copolymerized polyamides, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, acrylic resins, vinyl ester resins, polyesters Elastomer, Examples include polyurethane elastomer, chlorinated polyethylene, chlorinated polypropylene, EVOH, and paper, metal foil, uniaxial or biaxially stretched plastic film or sheet, woven fabric, non-woven fabric, metal cotton strip, wood surface, etc. Is possible.
[0021]
As the layer structure of the laminate, the EVOH film layer is I (I 1 , I 2 ,...), And another substrate, for example, a thermoplastic resin layer is II (II 1 , II 2 ,...). When the film is in the form of a sheet, not only the two-layer structure of I / II, but also II / I / II, I / II / I, I 1 / I 2 / II, I / II 1 / II 2 , Arbitrary combinations such as II 2 / II 1 / I / II 1 / II 2 are possible.
[0022]
Thus, the EVOH film of the present invention and the laminate thereof are excellent in characteristics, that is, appearance characteristics, gas barrier properties, etc., so films, sheets, tubes, bags, containers for foods, pharmaceuticals, agricultural chemicals, industrial chemicals, It is very useful for applications such as retort containers.
Moreover, although this invention is related with the manufacturing method of a stretched film, EVOH by which the moisture content used by this invention was adjusted can be used also for a solution coating, a melt coating, etc., or it is a hydroponics fiber as a fiber. It can also be used as a purging agent for an extruder.
[0023]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be specifically described with reference to examples.
In the examples, “parts” and “%” mean weight basis unless otherwise specified.
Example 1
EVOH [ethylene content 35 mol%, saponification degree 99.8 mol%] was impregnated with water to obtain EVOH having a water content of 35%.
Subsequently, this EVOH was supplied to a single screw extruder equipped with a T die, and an EVOH film having a thickness of 120 μm was formed .
[0024]
The film forming conditions using a single screw extruder were as follows.
Figure 0003953606
[0025]
In forming the EVOH film, a long run molding was performed for 96 hours. However, no gel or glazing was generated, and a good EVOH film could be obtained, and the long run moldability was good.
Next, using the EVOH film (water content 30%) obtained by the above molding as a raw fabric, biaxial stretching, heat setting and humidity control were successively performed under the following conditions to obtain an EVOH stretched film.
[0026]
[First stretching (longitudinal stretching) conditions]
Stretcher Roll type primary stretcher Stretch roll temperature 70 ℃
Stretch ratio in the machine direction: Film thickness after stretching 2.0 times 60μm
30% moisture content after stretching
[0027]
[Secondary stretching (lateral stretching) conditions]
Stretcher Tenter type biaxial stretcher Stretching temperature 110 ° C
Stretch ratio in the transverse direction Film thickness after stretching 3.0 times 20 μm
Moisture content after stretching 2%
[0028]
[Heat setting conditions]
160 ° C
Time 3 seconds [humidity control conditions]
Moisture content 2.5% after humidity control at 20 ° C and 65% RH for 7 days
[0029]
The transparency, film appearance, gas barrier property, and film strength of the obtained EVOH (biaxial) stretched film (film after 3 hours of stretching treatment) were evaluated as follows.
[0030]
(transparency)
The haze value was measured.
(Film appearance)
Observation was performed visually.
(Gas barrier properties)
The oxygen permeability (cc · 20 μ / m 2 · day · atm) was measured under the conditions of 20 ° C. and 65% RH.
(Film strength)
Under the conditions of 20 ° C. and 65% RH, in accordance with ASTM-D-882 and 1922, tensile strength (Ts; kg / mm 2 ), elongation (El;%) and tear strength (Tr; kg / μm).
[0031]
Comparative Example 5
In Example 1, except that to obtain a moisture content of 20% EVOH is similarly performed on to obtain an EVOH film and EVOH stretched film were carried out in the same manner. At this time, the moisture content of the EVOH film was 17%, the moisture content after the first stretching was 13%, the moisture content after the second stretching was 2%, and the moisture content after humidity conditioning was 2.5%. . The long run moldability of the EVOH film was as good as in Example 1.
[0032]
Example 2
In Example 1, an ethylene content of 45 mol%, degree of saponification with 99.8 mol% of EVOH, except that to obtain a water content of 25% EVOH is an EVOH film and EVOH stretched film similarly performed on And similarly evaluated. At this time, the moisture content of the EVOH film was 23%, the moisture content after the first stretching was 16%, the moisture content after the second stretching was 2.5%, and the moisture content after conditioning was 2.8%. there were. The long run moldability of the EVOH film was as good as in Example 1.
[0033]
Comparative Example 1
In Example 1, the same procedure was performed except that EVOH having a water content of 5% was used. However, when the EVOH film was long-run molded, the die line became intense after about 72 hours, and the long-run moldability was poor. Also in the stretching treatment, the film was broken during the primary stretching, and stable stretching was impossible, and a stretched film could not be obtained.
[0034]
Comparative Example 2
In Example 1, the same procedure was performed except that EVOH having a moisture content of 70% was used. However, during long run molding of the EVOH film, water was deposited on the feed part of the barrel after about 3 hours, resulting in unstable discharge. Although only an original film for stretching having a non-uniform thickness was obtained, the stretching process was continuously performed in the same manner as in Example 1.
[0035]
Comparative Example 3
In Example 1, EVOH having a water content of 13% was used, and the extrusion temperature was C 1 : 110 ° C., C 2 : 120 ° C., C 3 : 140 ° C., C 4 : 150 ° C., H: 150 ° C., D: 150 ° C. The EVOH film was processed in the same manner except that the moisture content was 3%, but the EVOH film had good long-run moldability, but in the stretching process, the film was ruptured during the primary stretching, and the film was stably stretched. Was impossible, and a stretched film could not be obtained.
[0036]
Comparative Example 4
In Example 1, EVOH having a moisture content of 60% was used, and the extrusion temperature was C 1 : 40 ° C., C 2 : 60 ° C., C 3 : 60 ° C., C 4 : 60 ° C., H: 60 ° C., D: 60 ° C. The same procedure was performed except that the moisture content of the EVOH film was changed to 55%. However, in the long run molding of the EVOH film, water was deposited on the feed part of the barrel after about 5 hours, and the discharge became unstable, and the film thickness was reduced. Although only a non-uniform stretching original fabric was obtained, the stretching process was continuously performed in the same manner as in Example 1.
The evaluation results of Examples and Comparative Examples are shown in Table 1.
[0037]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003953606
Ii) Ts represents the tensile strength (kg / mm2), El represents the elongation (%), Tr represents the tear strength (kg / μm), and the numerical values represent the measured values in the longitudinal / lateral directions.
The unit of oxygen permeability is cc · 20 μ / m 2 · day · atm.
[0038]
【The invention's effect】
In the present invention, when manufacturing a molded product (film) of EVOH and a stretched film from the molded product, the moisture content of EVOH before molding and the moisture content of EVOH at the time of stretching are adjusted to a specific range. Excellent in film properties, film appearance, film thickness stability, gas barrier properties, film strength, etc. A multilayer laminate comprising at least one EVOH stretched film obtained by the production method is very useful and is very useful as a packaging material for foods, pharmaceuticals, agricultural chemicals, industrial chemicals and the like.

Claims (1)

エチレン含有量10〜60モル%、ケン化度90モル%以上、含水率10〜60重量%のエチレン−酢酸ビニル共重合体ケン化物を用い、該エチレン−酢酸ビニル共重合体ケン化物を溶融押出して得られたフィルムを含水率21〜50重量%で延伸することを特徴とするエチレン−酢酸ビニル共重合体ケン化物延伸フィルムの製造法。Using an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer saponified product having an ethylene content of 10 to 60 mol%, a saponification degree of 90 mol% or more, and a water content of 10 to 60 wt%, the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer saponified product is melt-extruded. A method for producing an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer saponified stretched film, wherein the film obtained is stretched at a water content of 21 to 50% by weight.
JP32045197A 1996-11-08 1997-11-05 Process for producing stretched film of saponified ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer Expired - Fee Related JP3953606B2 (en)

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