JP3945772B2 - Environment-friendly diesel oil and method for producing the same - Google Patents

Environment-friendly diesel oil and method for producing the same Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3945772B2
JP3945772B2 JP2003118422A JP2003118422A JP3945772B2 JP 3945772 B2 JP3945772 B2 JP 3945772B2 JP 2003118422 A JP2003118422 A JP 2003118422A JP 2003118422 A JP2003118422 A JP 2003118422A JP 3945772 B2 JP3945772 B2 JP 3945772B2
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oil
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normal paraffin
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JP2004323625A (en
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清二 十河
英治 田中
慎 長谷川
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Eneos Corp
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Japan Energy Corp
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、環境への影響を低減した環境対応軽油およびその製造方法に関し、詳しくは硫黄分、芳香族分を低減することで環境問題に配慮しつつ、かつ、従来石油系軽油を用いるディーゼル自動車に適応した環境対応軽油およびその製造方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
近年、環境問題の高まりからディーゼル自動車技術に種々の工夫が加えられ、燃料として用いられる軽油中の硫黄分、芳香族分の低減が求められている。既存の水素化精製技術により、原油を精製して製造される石油系軽油の硫黄分を1質量ppm以下、かつ芳香族分を10質量%以下にすることは困難である。
【0003】
一方、フィッシャー・トロプシュ(Fischer-Tropsch)法によれば天然ガスの改質で得られる合成ガス(水素と一酸化炭素よりなる)からノルマルパラフィンを主成分とし、硫黄と芳香族をほとんど含まない炭化水素を合成することができる。この合成された炭化水素を原料として合成軽油を製造することが近年注目されている(例えば、特許文献1〜7参照。)。
【0004】
【特許文献1】
特表平11−513729号公報
【特許文献2】
特表平11−513730号公報
【特許文献3】
特表2001−511207号公報
【特許文献4】
特表2001−522382号公報
【特許文献5】
特表2002−507635号公報
【特許文献6】
特表2002−526636号公報
【特許文献7】
特表2002−526637号公報
【0005】
しかし、このような合成軽油は、硫黄分や芳香族分は十分に低いが、従来の石油系軽油を用いるディーゼル自動車に用いた場合に、燃料系の配管などに用いる合成ゴムなどの膨潤性が異なるため、燃料油漏れなどが憂慮される。また、実用上十分な低温性能および発熱量を確保できない場合もある。
【0006】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、このような課題を解決するもので、硫黄分、芳香族分が十分に低く、かつ、実用上十分な低温性能およびゴム膨潤性を確保した環境対応軽油およびその製造方法を提供することを課題とするものである。
【0007】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、ノルマルパラフィンを原料にして水素化分解および異性化を行って得られた生成油の特定の留分と、石油系の灯軽油留分を配合して軽油を製造することにより、このような課題を解決することができることを見出し、本発明を完成した。
【0008】
本発明による環境対応軽油は、密度が0.78g/cm以上、硫黄分が1〜10質量ppm、曇り点が−10℃以下、目詰まり点が−5℃以下、10%留出温度が200℃以上、90%留出温度が340℃以下、アニリン点が85℃以下、セタン指数が85以下、炭素数10〜13のノルマルパラフィン含有量が3.0〜15質量%、炭素数14〜21のノルマルパラフィン含有量が6.0質量%以下、炭素数24以上のノルマルパラフィン含有量が0.1質量%以下、芳香族分が10質量%以下である。
【0009】
本発明による環境対応軽油の製造方法は、無機多孔質担体に水素化活性金属を担持した触媒を用いて水素化分解および異性化を行うことでノルマルパラフィン原料から生成油を得る工程と、この生成油を分留して10%留出温度が200℃以上、90%留出温度が340℃以下の分解異性化軽油留分を得る工程と、原油を精製して石油系灯軽油留分を得る工程と、分解異性化軽油留分20〜80容量%と石油系灯軽油留分80〜20容量%とを配合する工程を含むものであり、特には前記ノルマルパラフィン原料がFischer-Tropsch法により合成されたものであることが好ましい。
【0010】
【発明の実施の形態】
〔ノルマルパラフィン原料〕
本発明の製造方法で用いるノルマルパラフィン原料は、軽質ノルマルパラフィンは水素化分解および異性化の反応性が低いので、必要に応じてあらかじめ蒸留等により原料油の軽質留分をカットしたものが好ましく、具体的には初留点としては300℃以上、特には310℃以上、10%留出温度としては350℃以上、特には360℃以上の原料を使用することが好ましい。また、このノルマルパラフィン原料の重質分は、分解により軽油留分のノルマルパラフィンに転換されるので、同じく蒸留などにより重質過ぎる留分をカットすることが好ましく、終点としては600℃以下、特には590℃以下とすること、90%留出温度としては560℃以下、特には550℃以下とすることが好ましい。これらにより水素化分解および異性化の反応率、軽油収率を高くすることができる。
【0011】
ノルマルパラフィン原料中のノルマルパラフィン含有量は85質量%以上、特には95質量%以上が好ましい。不純物含有量としては、硫黄分500ppm以下、特には50ppm以下、また、窒素分100ppm以下、特には10ppm以下が好ましい。
【0012】
ノルマルパラフィン原料は、上記の性状を有するものが好ましく使用することができる。特にその種類を限定するものではないが、石油精製工程、例えば潤滑油製造工程の1つである溶剤脱ろう工程から得られるスラックワックスや、Fischer-Tropsch法により合成された合成ワックスなどを用いることができる。これらのワックスには様々な種類のものがあるが、単独で用いても良く、2種以上混合して用いても良く、スラックワックスと合成ワックスとを混合して用いも良い。特にはFischer-Tropsch法による合成ワックスを単独で用いることが好ましい。なお、Fischer-Tropsch法とは、一酸化炭素と水素を、触媒を用いて反応させ、主にノルマルパラフィン、また少量ではあるがオレフィンやアルコール等を合成する方法である。
【0013】
〔触媒〕
本発明の環境対応軽油の製造方法で、ノルマルパラフィン原料を水素化分解および異性化する際に用いる触媒は、シリカアルミナなどの無機多孔質酸化物からなる担体に水素化活性金属を担持したものである。例えば、特表2002−523231号公報あるいは特許第2901047号公報に開示されている触媒が、好ましく用いられる。
【0014】
本発明の製造方法において、好ましく用いることができる担体は、シリカアルミナを含む無機多孔質酸化物からなる担体である。非晶質または結晶質のシリカアルミナを、アルミナをバインダーとして担体に成形させたものが好ましい。結晶質のシリカアルミナとしてはモルデナイトが好ましい。シリカアルミナは非晶質または結晶質のものを用いることができるが、非晶質を用いることが好ましい。非晶質シリカアルミナのシリカ/アルミナモル比の範囲は3〜8が好ましい。担体にはアルミニウム、ケイ素の酸化物以外は含まれていない方が好ましいが、マグネシア、ジルコニア、ボリア、カルシア等を含ませることもできる。
【0015】
担持される水素化活性金属に特に制限はないが、周期律表の第6族、第9族、および第10族から選ばれる1種または2種以上の金属成分を含むことが好ましい。第6族、第9族、第10族から選ばれる金属としては、モリブデン、タングステン、コバルト、ロジウム、イリジウム、ニッケル、白金、パラジウムが挙げられ、特にモリブデン、タングステン、コバルト、ニッケルなどの非貴金属が水素化活性成分として好ましく用いられる。水素化活性金属の担持量は、金属元素の合計量が0.05〜35質量%、特には0.1〜30質量%となるように添加、担持することが好ましい。
【0016】
〔水素化分解および異性化〕
本発明の製造方法で用いる水素化分解および異性化は、反応温度が300〜400℃、特には320〜350℃、水素圧力が1〜20MPa、特には3〜9MPa、水素/オイル比が100〜2000NL/L、特には300〜1500NL/L、液空間速度(LHSV)が0.5〜5hr-1の反応条件で行うことが好ましい。
【0017】
ノルマルパラフィン原料中の沸点が360℃以上の成分うち、沸点が360℃未満の成分となった割合を分解率として定義すると、軽油留分の異性化率と収率を上げるためには、分解率は50〜85質量%が好ましい。85質量%を超える分解率では、軽油留分が二次分解を起こしてしまう。
【0018】
〔分解異性化軽油留分〕
本発明の製造方法で用いる分解異性化軽油留分は、水素化分解および異性化工程による生成油から、10%留出温度が200℃以上好ましくは240℃以上、90%留出温度が340℃以下好ましくは330℃以下の軽油留分を分留したものである。なお、この軽油留分よりも重質な留分は、ノルマルパラフィン原料として再度使用することもできる。
【0019】
〔石油系灯軽油留分〕
本発明の製造方法で用いる石油系灯軽油留分は、原油を精製して得られる灯軽油留分である。石油系灯軽油留分としては、具体的には、脱硫灯油、脱硫軽油、それらの混合物等が挙げられ、通常、原油を常圧蒸留して得られた当該留分を水素化精製して製造される。さらに、石油精製における各種の分解装置や重質油の深度脱硫装置から副製される当該留分を使用することもできるが、この場合、さらに水素化処理装置を通して、不飽和分やその他の不純物を除去することが好ましい。この石油系灯軽油留分は、分解異性化軽油留分と混合して前記のように特定した性状を有する本発明の環境対応軽油が得られるものであればよく、その性状は特に限定されるものではないが、特には、10%留出温度が150℃以上、さらには160〜190℃、90%留出温度が270℃以下、さらには220〜260℃の石油系灯油留分が好ましい。該石油系灯軽油留分は、硫黄分50質量ppm以下、さらには20質量ppm以下、芳香族分10〜20容量%、さらには15〜18容量%、セタン指数45〜49、アニリン点55〜65℃を有するものが好ましい。
【0020】
〔配合〕
本発明の製造方法では、上述の分解異性化軽油留分20〜80容量%、好ましくは35〜65容量%と上述の石油系灯軽油留分80〜20容量%、好ましくは35〜65容量%とを配合する。また、植物油メチルエステルなども他の軽油基材として配合することができる。本発明の分解異性化軽油留分と石油系灯軽油留分以外の基材を配合して調製する場合、所望の品質の軽油となるように適宜の割合で配合することができるが、他の軽油基材の配合割合は、20質量%以下、特には5〜15質量%にすることが好ましい。
【0021】
軽油への添加剤としては、低温流動性向上剤、耐摩耗性向上剤、セタン価向上剤、酸化防止剤、金属不活性化剤、腐食防止剤等の公知の燃料添加剤を添加してもよい。低温流動性向上剤としては、エチレン共重合体などを用いることができるが、特には、酢酸ビニル、プロピオン酸ビニル、酪酸ビニルなどの飽和脂肪酸のビニルエステルが好ましく用いられる。耐摩耗性向上剤としては、長鎖(例えば、炭素数12〜24)の脂肪酸またのその脂肪酸エステルが好ましく用いられる。10〜500ppm、好ましくは50〜100ppmの添加量で十分に耐摩耗性が向上する。
【0022】
〔環境対応軽油〕
本発明による環境対応軽油は、密度(15℃)が0.78g/cm以上、好ましくは0.785〜0.815g/cm、硫黄分が1〜10質量ppm、芳香族分が10質量%以下、少なすぎてもゴム膨潤性が悪くなることがあるので、好ましくは5〜10質量%である。
【0023】
本発明による環境対応軽油の低温特性は、曇り点が−10℃以下、好ましくは−15〜−35℃、目詰まり点が−5℃以下、好ましくは−15〜−30℃である。アニリン点が85℃以下、好ましくは65〜82℃であり、セタン指数が85以下、好ましくは60〜70である。
【0024】
本発明による環境対応軽油の蒸留性状は、10%留出温度が200℃以上、好ましくは250〜290℃、90%留出温度が340℃以下、好ましくは300〜335℃である。
【0025】
本発明による環境対応軽油のノルマルパラフィン含有量は、炭素数10〜13のノルマルパラフィン含有量が3.0〜15質量%、好ましくは8.0〜12質量%、炭素数14〜21のノルマルパラフィン含有量が6.0質量%以下、好ましくは5.0質量%以下、また、炭素数24以上のノルマルパラフィン含有量が0.1質量%以下であり、好ましくは炭素数24以上のノルマルパラフィンは含まれていない。
【0026】
【実施例】
以下、実施例に基づき本発明を詳細に説明するが、この実施例により、本発明が限定して解釈されるものではない。
【0027】
〔触媒Aの調製〕
シリカアルミナ粉体および擬ベーマイト粉体を混合、混練して、シリンダー状に成形した後、乾燥し、600℃で焼成することで担体を調製した。この担体は、乾燥担体基準で、シリカアルミナ80質量%およびアルミナ20質量%からなり、直径約1.6mmのシリンダー形状であった。シリカアルミナ粉体としては、シリカ/アルミナモル比4.4、凝集粒径1〜10μmのもの94.4質量%、強熱減量16.9質量%の粉体を用いた。
【0028】
この担体に、メタタングステン酸アンモニウムを含有する水溶液、および硝酸ニッケルを含有する水溶液を含浸し、乾燥後、500℃で焼成して、触媒中にタングステンを11.0質量%およびニッケルを1.0質量%含む触媒Aを調製した。
【0029】
〔水素化分解・異性化〕
触媒充填量100mLの固定床流通式反応装置に触媒Aを充填し、予備硫化した後、後述のノルマルパラフィン原料を用い、圧力4MPa、水素/原料油供給比660NL/L、LHSV=1.0hr-1、反応温度330℃、分解率81質量%の反応条件で水素化分解・異性化反応を行い、得られた生成油を分留して、軽油基材としての分解異性化軽油留分と灯油基材としての分解異性化灯油留分を得た。
【0030】
ノルマルパラフィン原料としては、SMDS(Shell Middle Distillate Synthesis)製SX−50を用いた。これは、15℃換算での密度0.81g/mL、初留点316℃、10%留出温度379℃、90%留出温度457℃、終点489℃であり、Fischer-Tropsch法により合成されたものである。
【0031】
石油系灯油基材は、中東系原油を常圧蒸留して得られた灯油留分をさらに水素化精製したものを用いた。これらの基材を表1の上部に示す配合量(容量%)で配合して、軽油A(実施例)、軽油B(比較例1)、および軽油C(比較例2)を調製した。これらの基材および軽油の性状および軽油のゴム膨潤性の測定結果を表1に示す。
なお、性状測定について、密度はJIS K 2249、硫黄分はJIS K2541、析出点はJIS K 2276、曇り点と流動点はJIS K 2269、目詰まり点はJIS K 2288、アニリン点はJIS K 2256、セタン指数はJIS K 2280、蒸留性状はJIS K 2254、そして発熱量は、真発熱量をJIS K 2279によりそれぞれ測定した。芳香族分およびノルマルパラフィン含有量は、ガスクロマトグラフィにより分析した。ゴム膨潤性について、体積変化率と硬度変化率はJIS K 6258により測定した。
【0032】
【表1】

Figure 0003945772
【0033】
上記表1から、実施例の軽油Aは、硫黄分が10ppmおよび芳香族分が8.6質量%と市販軽油より極めて低く、低温特性に特に優れており、さらに、軽油B、Cと比べて、ゴム膨潤性において体積変化率が大きく、硬度変化率が少ない。
【0034】
【発明の効果】
本発明による環境対応軽油は、特定の性状、および特定の成分組成(硫黄分、芳香族分、ノルマルパラフィン含有量分布)を有するものであり、特に硫黄分、芳香族分が極めて低く、かつ十分な低温性能を有し、しかも優れたゴム膨潤性を示すものであるから、本発明により、従来の軽油との代替性に優れ、かつ環境保全に優れた環境対応軽油を提供することが可能となる。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to an environmentally friendly light oil with reduced environmental impact and a method for producing the same, and more specifically, a diesel vehicle that takes into consideration environmental problems by reducing sulfur content and aromatic content, and that uses conventional petroleum light oil. The present invention relates to an environment-friendly diesel oil and a method for producing the same.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In recent years, various ideas have been added to the diesel automobile technology due to increasing environmental problems, and reduction of sulfur content and aromatic content in light oil used as fuel has been demanded. It is difficult to reduce the sulfur content of petroleum-based light oil produced by refining crude oil to 1 mass ppm or less and the aromatic content to 10 mass% or less by existing hydrorefining technology.
[0003]
On the other hand, according to the Fischer-Tropsch method, carbon dioxide is mainly composed of normal paraffins from synthesis gas (made of hydrogen and carbon monoxide) obtained by reforming natural gas, and contains almost no sulfur and aromatics. Hydrogen can be synthesized. In recent years, the production of synthetic light oil using this synthesized hydrocarbon as a raw material has attracted attention (see, for example, Patent Documents 1 to 7).
[0004]
[Patent Document 1]
Japanese National Patent Publication No. 11-513729 [Patent Document 2]
Japanese Patent Publication No. 11-513730 [Patent Document 3]
JP-T-2001-511207 [Patent Document 4]
JP-T-2001-522382 [Patent Document 5]
JP-T-2002-507635 [Patent Document 6]
JP 2002-526636 A [Patent Document 7]
Japanese translation of PCT publication No. 2002-526637
However, such a synthetic light oil has a sufficiently low sulfur content and aromatic content, but when used in a diesel vehicle using conventional petroleum light oil, it has a swelling property such as a synthetic rubber used in fuel system piping. Due to the difference, there is concern about fuel oil leaks. Further, there may be a case where a practically low temperature performance and a calorific value cannot be secured.
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention solves such problems, and provides an environment-friendly light oil having a sufficiently low sulfur content and aromatic content, and having a practically sufficient low-temperature performance and rubber swelling property, and a method for producing the same. This is a problem.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The inventors have prepared a light oil by blending a specific fraction of a product oil obtained by hydrocracking and isomerizing a normal paraffin as a raw material and a petroleum-based kerosene oil fraction. The present inventors have found that such problems can be solved and completed the present invention.
[0008]
The environment-friendly light oil according to the present invention has a density of 0.78 g / cm 3 or more, a sulfur content of 1 to 10 ppm by mass, a cloud point of −10 ° C. or less, a clogging point of −5 ° C. or less, and a 10% distillation temperature. 200 ° C. or higher, 90% distillation temperature is 340 ° C. or lower, aniline point is 85 ° C. or lower, cetane index is 85 or lower, normal paraffin content having 10 to 13 carbon atoms is 3.0 to 15% by mass, carbon numbers 14 to The normal paraffin content of 21 is 6.0 mass% or less, the normal paraffin content of 24 or more carbon atoms is 0.1 mass% or less, and the aromatic content is 10 mass% or less.
[0009]
The method for producing environment-friendly diesel oil according to the present invention includes a step of obtaining a product oil from a normal paraffin raw material by hydrocracking and isomerization using a catalyst in which a hydrogenation active metal is supported on an inorganic porous carrier, Fractionating oil to obtain a cracking isomerization gas oil fraction having a 10% distillation temperature of 200 ° C. or higher and a 90% distillation temperature of 340 ° C. or less; and refining crude oil to obtain a petroleum kerosene gas oil fraction. A process and a step of blending 20 to 80% by volume of a cracked isomerized gas oil fraction and 80 to 20% by volume of a petroleum kerosene fraction. Especially, the normal paraffin raw material is synthesized by the Fischer-Tropsch method. It is preferred that
[0010]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[Normal paraffin raw materials]
As the normal paraffin raw material used in the production method of the present invention, light normal paraffin has low reactivity of hydrocracking and isomerization, so that it is preferable to cut the light fraction of the raw material oil by distillation or the like if necessary. Specifically, it is preferable to use a raw material having an initial boiling point of 300 ° C. or higher, particularly 310 ° C. or higher, and a 10% distillation temperature of 350 ° C. or higher, particularly 360 ° C. or higher. Further, since the heavy component of the normal paraffin raw material is converted into normal paraffin of the light oil fraction by decomposition, it is preferable to cut the fraction too heavy by distillation or the like, and the end point is 600 ° C. or less, particularly Is preferably 590 ° C. or lower, and the 90% distillation temperature is preferably 560 ° C. or lower, particularly 550 ° C. or lower. By these, the reaction rate of hydrocracking and isomerization and the light oil yield can be increased.
[0011]
The normal paraffin content in the normal paraffin raw material is preferably 85% by mass or more, particularly preferably 95% by mass or more. The impurity content is preferably a sulfur content of 500 ppm or less, particularly 50 ppm or less, and a nitrogen content of 100 ppm or less, particularly 10 ppm or less.
[0012]
As the normal paraffin raw material, those having the above properties can be preferably used. Although the type is not particularly limited, slack wax obtained from the oil refining process, for example, the solvent dewaxing process, which is one of the lubricating oil production processes, or the synthetic wax synthesized by the Fischer-Tropsch method is used. Can do. There are various types of these waxes, but they may be used singly or in combination of two or more, or a mixture of slack wax and synthetic wax may be used. In particular, it is preferable to use a synthetic wax by Fischer-Tropsch method alone. Note that the Fischer-Tropsch method is a method in which carbon monoxide and hydrogen are reacted using a catalyst to synthesize mainly normal paraffin, or a small amount of olefin or alcohol.
[0013]
〔catalyst〕
The catalyst used for hydrocracking and isomerizing a normal paraffin raw material in the method for producing environmentally friendly light oil of the present invention is a catalyst in which a hydrogenation active metal is supported on a carrier made of an inorganic porous oxide such as silica alumina. is there. For example, a catalyst disclosed in JP-T-2002-523231 or Patent No. 291047 is preferably used.
[0014]
In the production method of the present invention, a carrier that can be preferably used is a carrier made of an inorganic porous oxide containing silica alumina. Amorphous or crystalline silica alumina is preferably formed on a carrier using alumina as a binder. Mordenite is preferred as the crystalline silica alumina. Silica alumina may be amorphous or crystalline, but is preferably amorphous. The range of the silica / alumina molar ratio of amorphous silica alumina is preferably 3-8. The support preferably contains no oxide other than aluminum and silicon, but may contain magnesia, zirconia, boria, calcia, and the like.
[0015]
Although there is no restriction | limiting in particular in the hydrogenation active metal carry | supported, It is preferable that 1 type, or 2 or more types of metal components chosen from the 6th group, the 9th group, and the 10th group of a periodic table are included. Examples of the metal selected from Group 6, Group 9, and Group 10 include molybdenum, tungsten, cobalt, rhodium, iridium, nickel, platinum, and palladium, and particularly non-noble metals such as molybdenum, tungsten, cobalt, and nickel. It is preferably used as a hydrogenation active component. The supported amount of the hydrogenation active metal is preferably added and supported so that the total amount of the metal elements is 0.05 to 35% by mass, particularly 0.1 to 30% by mass.
[0016]
[Hydrolysis and isomerization]
In the hydrocracking and isomerization used in the production method of the present invention, the reaction temperature is 300 to 400 ° C., particularly 320 to 350 ° C., the hydrogen pressure is 1 to 20 MPa, particularly 3 to 9 MPa, and the hydrogen / oil ratio is 100 to 100. It is preferable to perform the reaction under the reaction conditions of 2000 NL / L, particularly 300 to 1500 NL / L, and the liquid space velocity (LHSV) is 0.5 to 5 hr −1 .
[0017]
When the ratio of components having a boiling point of less than 360 ° C. among components having a boiling point of 360 ° C. or higher in the normal paraffin raw material is defined as the decomposition rate, the decomposition rate is required to increase the isomerization rate and yield of the gas oil fraction. Is preferably 50 to 85% by mass. When the decomposition rate exceeds 85% by mass, the light oil fraction causes secondary decomposition.
[0018]
[Cracking isomerization gas oil fraction]
The cracked and isomerized gas oil fraction used in the production method of the present invention has a 10% distillation temperature of 200 ° C. or higher, preferably 240 ° C. or higher, and a 90% distillation temperature of 340 ° C. from the oil produced by hydrocracking and isomerization steps. Hereinafter, a gas oil fraction having a temperature of 330 ° C. or lower is preferably fractionally distilled. A fraction heavier than this light oil fraction can be used again as a normal paraffin raw material.
[0019]
[Petroleum kerosene fraction]
The petroleum-based kerosene fraction used in the production method of the present invention is a kerosene fraction obtained by refining crude oil. Specific examples of petroleum kerosene fractions include desulfurized kerosene, desulfurized diesel oil, and mixtures thereof. Usually produced by hydrorefining the fraction obtained by atmospheric distillation of crude oil. Is done. Furthermore, the fractions produced as a by-product from various crackers in heavy oil refining equipment and deep oil desulfurization equipment can also be used. In this case, however, unsaturated components and other impurities can be passed through the hydrotreating equipment. Is preferably removed. The petroleum-based kerosene fraction is not particularly limited as long as it can be mixed with the cracking and isomerization gas oil fraction to obtain the environment-friendly diesel oil having the above-mentioned properties as described above. In particular, a petroleum kerosene fraction having a 10% distillation temperature of 150 ° C. or higher, more preferably 160 to 190 ° C., and a 90% distillation temperature of 270 ° C. or lower, and further 220 to 260 ° C. is preferable. The petroleum-based kerosene fraction has a sulfur content of 50 ppm by mass or less, further 20 ppm by mass or less, an aromatic content of 10 to 20% by volume, further 15 to 18% by volume, a cetane index of 45 to 49, an aniline point of 55 to 55%. What has 65 degreeC is preferable.
[0020]
[Combination]
In the production method of the present invention, the above-mentioned cracking isomerization gas oil fraction is 20 to 80% by volume, preferably 35 to 65% by volume, and the above petroleum-based kerosene gas oil fraction is 80 to 20% by volume, preferably 35 to 65% by volume. And blend. Moreover, vegetable oil methyl ester etc. can be mix | blended as another light oil base material. When the base material other than the cracking isomerization gas oil fraction of the present invention and the petroleum-based kerosene oil fraction is blended and prepared, it can be blended at an appropriate ratio so as to be a gas oil of a desired quality. The blending ratio of the light oil base is preferably 20% by mass or less, particularly 5 to 15% by mass.
[0021]
As additives to light oil, known fuel additives such as low-temperature fluidity improvers, wear resistance improvers, cetane number improvers, antioxidants, metal deactivators, and corrosion inhibitors may be added. Good. As the low temperature fluidity improver, an ethylene copolymer or the like can be used. In particular, a vinyl ester of a saturated fatty acid such as vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate or vinyl butyrate is preferably used. As the wear resistance improver, a long chain (for example, having 12 to 24 carbon atoms) fatty acid or fatty acid ester thereof is preferably used. The wear resistance is sufficiently improved by the addition amount of 10 to 500 ppm, preferably 50 to 100 ppm.
[0022]
[Environmentally friendly diesel]
The environmentally friendly light oil according to the present invention has a density (15 ° C.) of 0.78 g / cm 3 or more, preferably 0.785 to 0.815 g / cm 3 , a sulfur content of 1 to 10 mass ppm, and an aromatic content of 10 mass. % Or less, even if it is too little, the rubber swellability may be deteriorated, so 5 to 10% by mass is preferable.
[0023]
The low temperature characteristics of the environmentally friendly light oil according to the present invention have a cloud point of −10 ° C. or lower, preferably −15 to −35 ° C., and a clogging point of −5 ° C. or lower, preferably −15 to −30 ° C. The aniline point is 85 ° C. or lower, preferably 65 to 82 ° C., and the cetane index is 85 or lower, preferably 60 to 70.
[0024]
The distillation properties of the environment-friendly light oil according to the present invention have a 10% distillation temperature of 200 ° C. or higher, preferably 250 to 290 ° C., and a 90% distillation temperature of 340 ° C. or lower, preferably 300 to 335 ° C.
[0025]
The normal paraffin content of the environmentally friendly light oil according to the present invention is such that the normal paraffin content of 10 to 13 carbon atoms is 3.0 to 15% by mass, preferably 8.0 to 12% by mass, and 14 to 21 normal paraffins. The content is 6.0% by mass or less, preferably 5.0% by mass or less, and the normal paraffin content having 24 or more carbon atoms is 0.1% by mass or less. Preferably, the normal paraffin having 24 or more carbon atoms is Not included.
[0026]
【Example】
EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although this invention is demonstrated in detail based on an Example, this invention is limited and is not interpreted by this Example.
[0027]
[Preparation of catalyst A]
Silica alumina powder and pseudo boehmite powder were mixed, kneaded, formed into a cylinder, dried, and fired at 600 ° C. to prepare a carrier. This carrier was composed of 80% by mass of silica alumina and 20% by mass of alumina on a dry carrier basis, and had a cylindrical shape with a diameter of about 1.6 mm. As the silica-alumina powder, a powder having a silica / alumina molar ratio of 4.4, an agglomerated particle diameter of 1 to 10 μm, 94.4% by mass and ignition loss of 16.9% by mass was used.
[0028]
This support was impregnated with an aqueous solution containing ammonium metatungstate and an aqueous solution containing nickel nitrate, dried, and calcined at 500 ° C., so that 11.0% by mass of tungsten and 1.0% of nickel were contained in the catalyst. Catalyst A containing mass% was prepared.
[0029]
[Hydrolysis / Isomerization]
After charging catalyst A into a fixed bed flow reactor having a catalyst filling amount of 100 mL and presulfiding, a normal paraffin raw material described later is used, pressure is 4 MPa, hydrogen / feed oil feed ratio is 660 NL / L, LHSV = 1.0 hr − 1. Hydrocracking and isomerization reaction under reaction conditions of 330 ° C. and a decomposition rate of 81% by mass, and the resulting product oil is fractionated to produce a cracked isomerized gas oil fraction and kerosene as a light oil base material. A cracking isomerization kerosene fraction as a base material was obtained.
[0030]
As the normal paraffin raw material, SX-50 manufactured by SMDS (Shell Middle Distillate Synthesis) was used. This has a density of 0.81 g / mL in terms of 15 ° C., an initial distillation point of 316 ° C., a 10% distillation temperature of 379 ° C., a 90% distillation temperature of 457 ° C., and an end point of 489 ° C., and is synthesized by the Fischer-Tropsch method. It is a thing.
[0031]
The petroleum-based kerosene base material was obtained by further hydrorefining a kerosene fraction obtained by atmospheric distillation of Middle Eastern crude oil. These base materials were blended in the blending amount (volume%) shown in the upper part of Table 1 to prepare light oil A (Example), light oil B (Comparative Example 1), and light oil C (Comparative Example 2). Table 1 shows the measurement results of the properties of these base materials and light oil and the rubber swelling property of light oil.
Regarding the property measurement, the density is JIS K 2249, the sulfur content is JIS K2541, the precipitation point is JIS K 2276, the cloud point and the pour point are JIS K 2269, the clogging point is JIS K 2288, the aniline point is JIS K 2256, The cetane index was measured according to JIS K 2280, the distillation property was measured according to JIS K 2254, and the calorific value was measured as the true calorific value according to JIS K 2279. Aromatic content and normal paraffin content were analyzed by gas chromatography. Regarding rubber swellability, volume change rate and hardness change rate were measured according to JIS K 6258.
[0032]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003945772
[0033]
From Table 1 above, the light oil A of the Examples has a sulfur content of 10 ppm and an aromatic content of 8.6% by mass, which is extremely lower than commercially available light oil, and is particularly excellent in low-temperature characteristics. In the rubber swelling property, the volume change rate is large and the hardness change rate is small.
[0034]
【The invention's effect】
The environment-friendly light oil according to the present invention has a specific property and a specific component composition (sulfur content, aromatic content, normal paraffin content distribution), and particularly has a very low sulfur content and aromatic content, and is sufficient. Since it has excellent low-temperature performance and exhibits excellent rubber swellability, the present invention makes it possible to provide environmentally friendly light oil that is excellent in substituting with conventional light oil and excellent in environmental conservation. Become.

Claims (3)

密度が0.78g/cm以上、硫黄分が1〜10質量ppm、曇り点が−10℃以下、目詰まり点が−5℃以下、10%留出温度が200℃以上、90%留出温度が340℃以下、アニリン点が85℃以下、セタン指数が85以下、炭素数10〜13のノルマルパラフィン含有量が3.0〜15質量%、炭素数14〜21のノルマルパラフィン含有量が6.0質量%以下、炭素数24以上のノルマルパラフィン含有量が0.1質量%以下、芳香族分が10質量%以下である環境対応軽油。Density is 0.78 g / cm 3 or more, sulfur content is 1 to 10 ppm by mass, cloud point is −10 ° C. or less, clogging point is −5 ° C. or less, 10% distillation temperature is 200 ° C. or more, 90% distillation. The temperature is 340 ° C. or less, the aniline point is 85 ° C. or less, the cetane index is 85 or less, the C 10-13 normal paraffin content is 3.0-15 mass%, and the C 14-21 normal paraffin content is 6 An environmentally friendly light oil having a content of normal paraffins having a carbon number of 24 or less, 0.1 mass% or less, and an aromatic content of 10 mass% or less. 無機多孔質担体に水素化活性金属を担持した触媒を用いて水素化分解および異性化を行うことでノルマルパラフィン原料から生成油を得る工程と、この生成油を分留して10%留出温度が200℃以上、90%留出温度が340℃以下の分解異性化軽油留分を得る工程と、原油を精製して石油系灯軽油留分を得る工程と、前記分解異性化軽油留分20〜80容量%と前記石油系灯軽油留分80〜20容量%とを配合する工程を含む請求項1記載の環境対応軽油の製造方法。A step of obtaining a product oil from a normal paraffin raw material by hydrocracking and isomerization using a catalyst having a hydrogenated active metal supported on an inorganic porous carrier, and a 10% distillation temperature by fractionating the product oil Is a step of obtaining a cracking isomerization gas oil fraction having a 90% distillation temperature of 340 ° C. or less, a step of refining crude oil to obtain a petroleum kerosene fraction, and the cracking isomerization gas oil fraction 20 The method for producing environmentally friendly diesel oil according to claim 1, comprising a step of blending ~ 80% by volume and 80 to 20% by volume of the petroleum kerosene fraction. 前記ノルマルパラフィン原料がフィッシャー・トロプシュ法により合成された請求項2記載の製造方法。The manufacturing method according to claim 2, wherein the normal paraffin raw material is synthesized by a Fischer-Tropsch method.
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