JP3941031B2 - Waterproof electroacoustic transducer - Google Patents

Waterproof electroacoustic transducer Download PDF

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JP3941031B2
JP3941031B2 JP36521999A JP36521999A JP3941031B2 JP 3941031 B2 JP3941031 B2 JP 3941031B2 JP 36521999 A JP36521999 A JP 36521999A JP 36521999 A JP36521999 A JP 36521999A JP 3941031 B2 JP3941031 B2 JP 3941031B2
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water
weight
vibrating membrane
less
electroacoustic transducer
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Expired - Fee Related
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JP36521999A
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JP2001148897A (en
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五郎 山内
平大 利光
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五郎 山内
平大 利光
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Description

【0001】
【産業上の利用分野】
本発明は、防水性、抗菌防汚性の優れたコンデンサ マイクロホンを提供し、これにより通信機器、音響装置、計測装置およびシステムに利用されその利便性を高めるためのものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来、マイクロホンは防水性に欠け、たとえば携帯型の通信機器ではやむを得ず防水性にやや優れた大型で重量が大でかつ鉄粉等の磁性塵埃を吸着しやすい動電型マイクロホンを用いるか、もしくは小型軽量で磁性等の影響のないコンデンサマイクロホンを用いる場合には、水濡れ禁止などの使用上の厳しい制限が必要であった。さらに従来のマイクロホンは音孔付近において、呼気または唾等による水が付着しやすいところから、雑菌や汚れが発生しやすく衛生面での改良が望まれてきた。
マイクロホンに防水性を付与するため従来の撥水材料を適用しようとすれば、密着性、耐防汚性、耐浸水性に乏しく、実用には供しえなかった。
【0003】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
コンデンサマイクロホンは周波数特性及ぶ低雑音の確保のために導電性振動膜、電極間の電気抵抗が約10、000メグオーム以上になるよう設計製作されているため水に弱く、特にエレクトレット化されたものは水によって電荷が著しく減少し、機能が著しく劣化する。このため、膜、電極付近に水が到来しないよういろいろな方法が考えられてきたが、決定的に効果的なものはなかった。 さらに従来のマイクロホンは発声者の口に近いところで使用されることが多いため、呼気、唾などによる水分の付着が多く,そのために、雑菌や汚れが発生しやすく、その改良が望まれてきたが有効な解決策が見いだされるには至っていなかった。 これらのことが課題であった。
【0004】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明では、振動膜とこれと並行して絶縁されて設けられた固定電極を主たる構成要素とするコンデンサマイクロホンにおいて、振動膜に音響波を導入するためにマイクロホンハウジング前面に設けられる音孔上に設置される有孔板あるいは織物、金網、不職布等の透音性材料(以下有孔板等)の開口部の内壁面および前面に、69重量%以上89重量%以下の撥水性のPTFE(ポリテトラフロロエチレン)粒子をバインダである13重量%以上23重量%以下のフッ化ビニリデン中に、分散させ、さらに光触媒アナタ−ゼ型二酸化チタン微粒子を1重量%以上17重量%以下添加して抗菌・汚れ防止性を付与し、かつ1重量%以上3重量%以下のフッ素オイル(パーフルオロエーテル)添加し耐浸水性を付与した、水に対する接触角が100度以上である高撥水材料をコーティングした、有孔板等を設置する。これにより、撥水コーティングの密着力が増し、水に浸水してもあるいは汚れが付着しても撥水性が低下せず、水の付着そのものを阻止することができ、かつそれが持続できることを可能にした。この高撥水材料をコーティングした有孔板を設置することにより、上記の課題の一つである抗菌性にすぐれ、水に浸水してもあるいは汚れが付着しても撥水性が低下しない器材を実現した。ただし、PTFE(ポリテトラフロロエチレン)粒子を69重量%以上添加するのは、撥水性を発揮するのに必要であるからである。またPTFEの添加量を89重量%以下としたのは、それより多く添加すれば密着力が低下するからである。バインダであるフッ化ビニリデンを13重量%以上23重量%以下添加するのは、13重量%より少なく添加した場合には密着力が低下し、23重量%より多く添加すれば撥水性が低下するからである。光触媒アナタ−ゼ型二酸化チタン微粒子を1重量%以上17重量%以下添加するのは、1重量%より少ない添加では光触媒による防汚効果が低減するからであり、17重量%より多くの添加ではバインダを分解するからである。フッ素オイル(パーフルオロエーテル)を1重量%以上3重量%以下添加するのは、1重量%より少ない以下では耐浸水性の効果が微弱すぎ、3重量%より多くの添加では撥水性が低下するからである。 さらに水に対する接触角が100度以上としたのは、撥水性の下限である90度に対し、10度だけの許容度をもたせ、製造上のばらつきや使用上の予想外のトラブルに対処するためである。本発明では、コンデンサマイクロホンに適した、高撥水、高密着力、耐防汚性、耐浸水性に優れた、実用に耐える防水マイクロホンを提供しようとするものである。
【0005】
【構成と作用】
材料が撥水性を有するか否かは材料の上に水滴をたらし、図1に示すがごとく、材料と水滴がなす角度すなわち接触角によって評価される。図1において、11は水滴、12は評価対象の板材、13は接触角である。 この撥水コーティングは、撥水性のPTFE粒子の他、バインダ、光触媒二酸化チタン、フッ素オイルをふくんでいることから、密着力、耐防汚性、耐浸水性に優れ、長期間にわたって水の付着を阻止する作用が現れる。 本発明においては、かかる材料を以って撥水材と称するものである。
【0006】
【実施例】
図2に実施例を示す。 図2において41は本発明で使用する撥水剤をコーティングした音響透過性の不織布、42は有孔板、43は振動膜で全部あるいは少なくとも一面は導電性を有するもの、44は導電性電極であって、振動膜との対向面がエレクトレット材料で被覆されているものを含む、45はインピーダンス変換用プリアンプ、46は出力信号端子、47はマイクロホンハウジング、48は絶縁体、49は音孔である。
この実施例では撥水材を以下し示す方法で音響透過性の不織布にスプレーコーティングした。分子量約8000のPTFE(ポリテトラフロロエチレン)粒子を重量分率で79%、フッカビニリデンを18%、パーフロロエーテルを2%、光触媒アナターゼ型二酸化チタン微粒子を1%を混合したものを酢酸ブチルで希釈し、ボールミルで攪拌したものを、この音響透過性の不織布と同じ材質のサンプルにスプレーコーティングを行い、乾燥後、水滴をこのサンプルの上に垂らし接触角を測定したところ150−155度の高い接触角を示し、サンプルおよび音響透過性の不織布の表面が高い撥水性を有していることを確認した。この音響透過性の不織布を、振動膜とこれと並行して絶縁されて設けられた固定電極を主たる構成要素とするコンデンサマイクロホンにおいて、振動膜に音響波を導入するために設けられる音孔の前面に設置し、電気音響変換器を組み立てた。この電気音響変換器を、撥水処理をほどこさない有穴板をもちいた従来品の電気音響変換器と同じ場所に置き、相対湿度90%、温度70℃にて2時間、相対湿度1%、温度−30℃にて2時間をIサイクルとする加湿試験を200時間繰り返したところ、従来型電気音響変換器では音響透過性の不織布に水分が付着し、通信性能の劣化が認められたが、本発明による電気音響変換器では、なんらの劣化も認められなかった。
【0007】
【発明の効果】
振動膜とこれと並行して絶縁されて設けられた固定電極を主たる構成要素とするコンデンサマイクロホンにおいて、振動膜に音響波を導入するために設けられる音孔上に設けられる、不織布等の外面に、水に対する接触角が100度以上であるPTFE(ポリテトラフロロエチレン)粒子分散高撥水・高密着力・防汚・耐浸水材料でコーティングしたことにより、水付着等に起因する劣化のない電気音響変換器を実現した。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】接触角の定義
【図2】本発明の実施例
【符号の説明】
11:水滴、12:評価対象の板材、13:接触角
41:本発明で使用する撥水剤をコーティングした不織布、42:有孔板、43:振動膜で少なくとも一面は導電性を有するもの、44:導電性電極であって、振動膜との対向面がエレクトレット材料で被覆されているものを含む、45:インピーダンス変換用プリアンプ、46:出力信号端子、47:マイクロホンハウジング、48:絶縁体、49:音孔
【参考文献】
3.山内五郎「雪害対策用超はっ水材料」工業材料,No.8(1996),pp.59−63
[0001]
[Industrial application fields]
The present invention provides a condenser microphone that is excellent in waterproofness and antibacterial and antifouling properties, and thereby is used for communication equipment, acoustic devices, measuring devices and systems to enhance its convenience.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, the microphone lacks waterproofness, for example, it is unavoidable for portable communication devices, and it is inevitable that it uses a large size, heavy weight, and an electrodynamic microphone that is easy to adsorb magnetic dust such as iron powder. In the case of using a condenser microphone that is lightweight and has no influence of magnetism, strict restrictions on use such as prohibition of water wetting were necessary. Furthermore, since conventional microphones are prone to water adhering to exhaled air or saliva in the vicinity of the sound holes, germs and dirt are likely to be generated and improvements in hygiene have been desired.
If a conventional water-repellent material is applied in order to impart waterproofness to the microphone, the adhesiveness, antifouling resistance and water resistance are poor, and cannot be put to practical use.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Capacitor microphones are designed to be electrically conductive diaphragms and have an electrical resistance between the electrodes of about 10,000 megohms or more to ensure low frequency characteristics and low noise. Water significantly reduces the charge and significantly degrades the function. For this reason, various methods have been considered so that water does not arrive near the membrane and electrode, but none has been decisively effective. Furthermore, since conventional microphones are often used close to the mouth of the speaker, moisture adheres to them due to exhalation, saliva, etc., which tends to cause bacteria and dirt, and improvements have been desired. No effective solution has been found. These were challenges.
[0004]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In the present invention, in a condenser microphone whose main component is a vibrating membrane and a fixed electrode insulated in parallel therewith, on a sound hole provided on the front surface of the microphone housing for introducing an acoustic wave into the vibrating membrane. A water-repellent PTFE of 69% by weight or more and 89% by weight or less on the inner wall surface and the front surface of the opening of a perforated plate or a sound permeable material (hereinafter referred to as a perforated plate) such as a woven fabric, a wire mesh, and an unemployed cloth. (Polytetrafluoroethylene) particles are dispersed in 13% by weight or more and 23% by weight or less of vinylidene fluoride as a binder, and photocatalytic anatase type titanium dioxide fine particles are added in an amount of 1% by weight or more and 17% by weight or less. Provided antibacterial and antifouling properties and added 1% to 3% by weight of fluorinated oil (perfluoroether) to provide water resistance, with a water contact angle of 1 The high water-repellent material is 0 ° or more coated, placing the perforated plate or the like. As a result, the adhesion of the water-repellent coating increases, and even if it is immersed in water or if dirt adheres to it, the water repellency does not decrease and the water adhesion itself can be prevented and maintained. I made it. By installing a perforated plate coated with this highly water-repellent material, it has excellent antibacterial properties, which is one of the above-mentioned issues. It was realized. However, the reason why PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) particles are added by 69% by weight or more is that it is necessary to exhibit water repellency. The reason why the amount of PTFE added is 89% by weight or less is that if more than that is added, the adhesion is reduced. Addition of 13% by weight or more and 23% by weight or less of vinylidene fluoride as a binder is because the adhesion is lowered when added less than 13% by weight, and the water repellency is lowered when added more than 23% by weight. It is. The reason why the photocatalytic anatase type titanium dioxide fine particles are added in an amount of 1% by weight to 17% by weight is that the addition of less than 1% by weight reduces the antifouling effect by the photocatalyst, and the addition of more than 17% by weight of the binder. It is because it decomposes. Fluorine oil (perfluoroether) is added in an amount of not less than 1% by weight and not more than 3% by weight. If the amount is less than 1% by weight, the effect of water resistance is too weak. Because. Furthermore, the reason why the contact angle with water is set to 100 degrees or more is to allow a tolerance of only 10 degrees with respect to 90 degrees, which is the lower limit of water repellency, to cope with manufacturing variations and unexpected troubles in use. It is. The present invention is intended to provide a waterproof microphone that is suitable for condenser microphones, excellent in water repellency, high adhesion, antifouling resistance, and water resistance, and that can withstand practical use.
[0005]
[Configuration and operation]
Whether or not the material has water repellency is evaluated by the angle formed between the material and the water droplet, that is, the contact angle as shown in FIG. In FIG. 1, 11 is a water droplet, 12 is a plate material to be evaluated, and 13 is a contact angle. This water-repellent coating contains water-repellent PTFE particles, binder, photocatalytic titanium dioxide, and fluorine oil, so it has excellent adhesion, antifouling and water resistance, and adheres to water over a long period of time. A blocking action appears. In the present invention, such a material is referred to as a water repellent material.
[0006]
【Example】
FIG. 2 shows an embodiment. In FIG. 2, 41 is an acoustically permeable non-woven fabric coated with a water repellent used in the present invention, 42 is a perforated plate, 43 is a vibrating membrane, and all or at least one surface is conductive, 44 is a conductive electrode. Including an impedance conversion preamplifier, 46 an output signal terminal, 46 an output signal terminal, 47 a microphone housing, 48 an insulator, and 49 a sound hole. .
In this example, a water-repellent material was spray-coated on an acoustically permeable non-woven fabric by the following method. A mixture of PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) particles having a molecular weight of about 8000, 79% by weight, 18% fucvinylidene, 2% perfluoroether, and 1% photocatalytic anatase-type titanium dioxide fine particles with butyl acetate. When diluted and stirred with a ball mill, a sample made of the same material as the sound-permeable nonwoven fabric is spray-coated. After drying, a drop of water is dropped on the sample and the contact angle is measured to find a high value of 150 to 155 degrees. The contact angle was shown, and it was confirmed that the surface of the sample and the sound-transmitting nonwoven fabric had high water repellency. In the condenser microphone whose main component is this acoustically permeable non-woven fabric, which is a fixed electrode provided in parallel with the vibrating membrane, the front surface of the sound hole provided for introducing acoustic waves into the vibrating membrane And assembled an electroacoustic transducer. This electroacoustic transducer is placed in the same place as a conventional electroacoustic transducer using a perforated plate that is not subjected to a water repellent treatment, and has a relative humidity of 90%, a temperature of 70 ° C. for 2 hours, and a relative humidity of 1%. When the humidification test with an I cycle of 2 hours at a temperature of -30 ° C was repeated for 200 hours, in the conventional electroacoustic transducer, moisture adhered to the acoustically permeable nonwoven fabric, and deterioration in communication performance was observed. In the electroacoustic transducer according to the present invention, no deterioration was observed.
[0007]
【The invention's effect】
In a condenser microphone whose main component is a vibrating electrode and a fixed electrode that is insulated in parallel with the vibrating membrane, the outer surface of a nonwoven fabric or the like provided on a sound hole provided to introduce an acoustic wave into the vibrating membrane. Electroacoustic with no deterioration caused by water adhesion etc. by coating with PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) particle dispersed high water repellency, high adhesion, antifouling and water resistant material with a water contact angle of 100 degrees or more Realized the converter.
[Brief description of the drawings]
Fig. 1 Definition of contact angle Fig. 2 Example of the present invention
11: Water droplets, 12: Plate material to be evaluated, 13: Contact angle 41: Non-woven fabric coated with water repellent used in the present invention, 42: Perforated plate, 43: Vibration membrane, at least one surface having conductivity, 44: a conductive electrode including a surface facing the vibrating membrane covered with an electret material, 45: a preamplifier for impedance conversion, 46: an output signal terminal, 47: a microphone housing, 48: an insulator, 49: Sound hole [reference]
3. Goro Yamauchi "Super water-repellent material for snow damage countermeasures" industrial material, No. 8 (1996), pp. 59-63

Claims (2)

振動膜とこれと並行して絶縁されて設けられた固定電極を主たる構成要素とするコンデンサマイクロホンにおいて、振動膜に音響波を導入するために設けられる音孔の前面または内壁面またはその両方に、撥水性の69重量%以上89重量%以下のPTFE(ポリテトラフロロエチレン)粒子を、バインダである13重量%以上23重量%以下のフッ化ビニリデン中に、分散させ、さらに光触媒アナタ−ゼ型二酸化チタン微粒子を1重量%以上17重量%以下添加して抗菌・汚れ防止性を付与し、かつフッ素オイル(パーフルオロエーテル)を1重量%以上3重量%以下添加し耐浸水性を付与した、水に対する接触角が100度以上である抗菌防汚高撥水材料をコーティングした、有孔板あるいは織物、金網、不職布等の透音性材料(以下有孔板等)を設置したことを特徴とする電気音響変換器In a condenser microphone whose main component is a vibrating electrode and a fixed electrode that is insulated in parallel with the vibrating membrane, on the front surface or inner wall surface of the sound hole provided for introducing acoustic waves into the vibrating membrane, or both, Water repellent 69 wt% or more and 89 wt% or less of PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) particles are dispersed in a binder of 13 wt% or more and 23 wt% or less of vinylidene fluoride, and further photocatalytic anatase type dioxide Water added with 1 to 17% by weight of titanium fine particles to give antibacterial and antifouling properties, and 1 to 3% by weight of fluorine oil (perfluoroether) to give water resistance. Perforated plate or sound-permeable material such as woven fabric, wire mesh, and non-work cloth coated with antibacterial antifouling and high water repellent material with contact angle of 100 degrees or more Electro-acoustic transducer, characterized in that it placed a plate or the like) 請求項1において、振動膜または固定電極の対向面のいずれかに、フッ素樹脂または2酸化シリコンなどの有機または無機の誘電体を付着させ、これに永久電荷を与えて形成したいわゆるエレクトレットを形成してなる電気音響変換器The so-called electret formed by attaching an organic or inorganic dielectric material such as fluororesin or silicon dioxide to any of the opposing surfaces of the vibrating membrane or the fixed electrode and applying a permanent charge thereto is formed. Electroacoustic transducer
JP36521999A 1999-11-18 1999-11-18 Waterproof electroacoustic transducer Expired - Fee Related JP3941031B2 (en)

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JP3798276B2 (en) 2001-08-16 2006-07-19 三菱電機株式会社 Electrochemical element and electrochemical element apparatus
JP4521242B2 (en) * 2004-09-30 2010-08-11 株式会社オーディオテクニカ Boundary microphone
JP2010011340A (en) * 2008-06-30 2010-01-14 Hosiden Corp Waterproofing structure, and microphone and speaker applied with waterproofing structure
JP2012039272A (en) * 2010-08-05 2012-02-23 Funai Electric Co Ltd Microphone unit
JP2014175907A (en) 2013-03-11 2014-09-22 Nitto Denko Corp Waterproof sound-transmitting member
CN108508735B (en) * 2018-05-28 2024-05-24 广东小天才科技有限公司 Waterproof structure of microphone system and intelligent watch with waterproof structure
JP7112268B2 (en) * 2018-07-03 2022-08-03 シャープ株式会社 Method for manufacturing air electrode and method for manufacturing metal-air battery

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