JP3909744B2 - Refrigerating machine oil for hydrocarbon refrigerant - Google Patents

Refrigerating machine oil for hydrocarbon refrigerant Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3909744B2
JP3909744B2 JP2001231423A JP2001231423A JP3909744B2 JP 3909744 B2 JP3909744 B2 JP 3909744B2 JP 2001231423 A JP2001231423 A JP 2001231423A JP 2001231423 A JP2001231423 A JP 2001231423A JP 3909744 B2 JP3909744 B2 JP 3909744B2
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ester
weight
parts
acid
refrigerating machine
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JP2003041278A (en
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貴 開米
仁 高橋
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Eneos Corp
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Japan Energy Corp
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M129/00Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen
    • C10M129/02Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
    • C10M129/68Esters
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M171/00Lubricating compositions characterised by purely physical criteria, e.g. containing as base-material, thickener or additive, ingredients which are characterised exclusively by their numerically specified physical properties, i.e. containing ingredients which are physically well-defined but for which the chemical nature is either unspecified or only very vaguely indicated
    • C10M171/008Lubricant compositions compatible with refrigerants
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10NINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2020/00Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
    • C10N2020/01Physico-chemical properties
    • C10N2020/02Viscosity; Viscosity index
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10NINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/30Refrigerators lubricants or compressors lubricants

Description

【0001】
【産業上の利用分野】
本発明は、炭化水素、例えばエタン、プロパン、ブタン、イソブタン等を冷媒として使用する冷凍機油に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来、冷凍機、空調機、冷蔵庫等には、冷媒としてフッ素と塩素を構成元素とするフロン、例えばクロロフルオロカーボン(CFC)であるR-11(トリクロロモノフルオロメタン)、R-12(ジクロロジフルオロメタン)、ハイドロクロロフルオロカーボン(HCFC)であるR-22(モノクロロジフルオロメタン)等のフロンが使用されてきたが、最近のオゾン層破壊問題に関連し、国際的にその生産及び使用が規制され、現在では、塩素を含有しない、例えば、ジフルオロメタン(R-32)、テトラフルオロエタン(R-134またはR-134a)などの新しい水素含有フロン冷媒に転換されてきている。しかし、これらのHFCは、オゾン層を破壊しないものの温室効果が大きく、近年問題となっている地球温暖化の観点からは必ずしも優れた冷媒ではない。
【0003】
そこで、炭素数1〜5程度の低級炭化水素やアンモニア、二酸化炭素等がオゾン層を破壊することなく、地球温暖化への影響も前記の塩素系あるいは非塩素系フッ化炭化水素に比べて非常に低いことから、最近、見直されている。すなわち、これらの化合物は冷媒として古くから使用されていたが、上記フロン系冷媒で培われた圧縮機、凝縮器、絞り装置、蒸発器等からなる冷却効率の高い冷凍システムに採用することが検討されてきており、低級炭化水素冷媒用の潤滑剤として、冷媒と相溶性のある、例えばナフテン系又はパラフィン系の鉱物油、アルキルベンゼン油、エーテル油、エステル油、フッ素油が提案されている(特開平10-130685号公報)。
【0004】
しかしながら、炭化水素冷媒は鉱油等の潤滑剤に対する溶解度が大きいため、上記のような潤滑剤を用いると、潤滑剤の粘度が低くなり、潤滑性を確保できなくなるとともに、冷媒の充填量を多くする必要がある。一方、冷媒である低級炭化水素は可燃性であるため、その充填量はできる限り低くすることが要求されている。
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、上記課題を解決したもので、本発明の目的は、炭化水素冷媒に対して適度の相溶性、溶解性を有し、潤滑性を損なわない粘度を保持でき、冷媒の充填量を少なくすることができるとともに、優れた潤滑性、電気絶縁性や安定性等を有する冷凍機油を提供することである。
【0006】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者は、上記目的を達成するために、鋭意研究を進めた結果、極限られたエステルが、炭化水素冷媒に対し程良い相溶性、溶解性を有するとともに、高い電気絶縁性、低い吸湿性、良好な潤滑性、高い熱酸化安定性を有しており、炭化水素冷媒用の冷凍機油として優れていることを見出し、本発明に想到した。
【0007】
本発明は、炭素数5〜10のネオペンチルポリオールの1種以上と炭素数5〜9の直鎖または分枝の1価脂肪酸から選ばれた1種以上とのエステルを主成分とすることからなる炭化水素冷媒用冷凍機油に関し、好ましくは、前記1価脂肪酸が分枝脂肪酸、特に好ましくは、2-エチルヘキサン酸または3,5,5-トリメチルヘキサン酸のいずれか1種以上であり、さらに、好ましくは前記ネオペンチルポリオールが、ネオペンチルグリコールまたはペンタエリスリトールのいずれか1種以上であることからなる炭化水素冷媒用冷凍機油に関する。
【0008】
【発明の実施の態様】
本発明における炭素数5〜10のネオペンチルポリオールとしては、例えば、ネオペンチルグリコール、ペンタエリスリトール、トリメチロールプロパン、ジペンタエリスリトール、トリメチロールエタン、トリメチロールブタン等を用いることができる。炭素数が10を超えるネオペンチルポリオールは、炭化水素部分が大きくなりすぎて、これから合成されたエステルは冷媒の炭化水素との相溶性、溶解性が増大し、本発明の目的を達成することができない。かかる目的では、ネオペンチルグリコールやペンタエリスリトールが特に好ましい。
【0009】
また、本発明においては、炭素数5〜9の直鎖の1価脂肪酸としては、n-ヘプタン酸、n-ヘキサン酸、n-ヘプタン酸、n-オクタン酸、n-ノナン酸を、また分枝の1価脂肪酸としては、前記直鎖の酸の構造異性体全てを含むものであるが、適度の相溶性、溶解性及び最適の潤滑性を得るためには、2-エチルヘキサン酸、3,5,5-トリメチルヘキサン酸またはそれらの混合物を用いることが好ましい。
【0010】
本発明においては、上記ネオペンチルポリオールの1種と直鎖または分枝の1価脂肪酸の1種とをエステル化したもの(エステル化合物)を、そのまま、あるいは異なる種類のエステルを複数混合(エステル混合物)して、または、ネオペンチルポリオールの1種と直鎖または分枝の1価脂肪酸の2種以上の混合物(酸混合物)とのエステル、あるいはネオペンチルポリオールの2種以上の混合物(アルコール混合物)と直鎖または分枝の1価脂肪酸の1種とのエステル、もしくはネオペンチルポリオールの2種以上の混合物(アルコール混合物)と直鎖または分枝の1価脂肪酸の2種以上の混合物(酸混合物)とのエステル等から1種または2種以上のエステルを適宜選定して用いることにより、各種冷凍機の要求する望ましい特性を満足するように調製するとよい。
【0011】
例えば、(1)ペンタエリスリトールと2-エチルヘキサン酸30〜70重量部と3,5,5-トリメチルヘキサン酸70〜30重量部の酸混合物とをエステル化して得られた混合エステル20〜60重量部と、ペンタエリスリトールと2-エチルヘキサン酸とのエステル20〜60重量部及びネオペンチルグリコールと2-エチルヘキサン酸のエステル10〜40重量部を混合したもの、(2)ペンタエリスリトールと2-メチルヘキサン酸30〜70重量部と2-エチルヘキサン酸70〜30重量部の酸混合物とのエステル、(3)ペンタエリスリトールと2-エチルヘキサン酸とのエステル10〜40重量部とネオペンチルグリコールと2-エチルヘキサン酸とのエステル90〜60重量部とのエステル混合物等が、炭化水素冷媒に対して適度の相溶性、溶解性を有し、潤滑性、電気絶縁性や安定性等に、特に優れた冷凍機油として用いることができる。
【0012】
本発明に用いるエステルは、上記特定のネオペンチルポリオールと特定の脂肪酸との脱水反応によるエステル化反応、あるいは脂肪酸の誘導体である酸無水物、酸クロライド等を経由しての一般的なエステル化反応や各誘導体のエステル交換反応によって得ることができる。
【0013】
上記方法で得られるエステルは、未反応で残存する酸および水酸基を特に制限するものではないが、カルボキシル基や水酸基は残存しないことが好ましい。カルボキシル基の残存量が多いと、冷凍機内部に使用されている金属との反応により金属石けんなどを生成し、沈殿するなどの好ましくない現象も起こるため、酸価が3mgKOH/g以下のものが好ましく、0.1mgKOH/g以下のものがより好ましい。また、水酸基の残存量が多いと、エステルが低温において白濁し、冷凍サイクルのキャピラリー装置を閉塞させる等、好ましくない現象が起こるため、水酸基価は50mgKOH/g以下とすることが好ましく、10mgKOH/g以下のものがより好ましい。
【0014】
上記エステルを主成分とする本発明の冷凍機油は、炭化水素冷媒を用いた冷凍機油として用いると、低温から高温までの広い領域で、相互に適切な相溶性、溶解性を示してその潤滑性及び熱安定性を大幅に向上させることができる。さらに、代替フロン用冷凍機油として用いられているポリアルキレングリコール(PAG)等に較べると、はるかに電気絶縁性が高く、かつ吸湿性も小さい。
【0015】
なお、本発明に係る冷凍機油には、冷凍機油としての機能を満足する範囲において、PAG、アルキルベンゼンや鉱油等の潤滑油を適宜混合でき、また従来、冷凍機油に使用されている酸化防止剤、摩耗防止剤、エポキシ化合物等の添加剤を適宜添加することができる。
【0016】
本発明の冷凍機油は、炭素数1〜5の低級炭化水素、特には、エタン、プロパン、ブタン、イソブタン等を冷媒として用いる冷凍機の潤滑油として用いられ、特には、圧縮機、凝縮器、絞り装置(膨張弁またはキャピラリーチューブ等の冷媒流量制御部)、蒸発器等を有し、これらの間で冷媒を循環させる冷却効率の高い冷凍システムで、特には、ロータリーコンプレッサ等の高圧コンプレッサを有する冷凍機における潤滑油として、好適に使用できる。
【0017】
【実施例】
以下、実施例により本発明を具体的に説明する。
【0018】
供試油
(1)実施例1の供試油:次の3種のエステル混合物(酸価0.01mgKOH/g、水酸基価2.5mgKOH/g)
(a)ペンタエリスリトールと、2-エチルヘキサン酸と3,5,5-トリメチルヘキサン酸の混合物(重量比1/1)とのエステル;40重量部
(b)ペンタエリスリトールと2-エチルヘキサン酸とのエステル;40重量部
(c)ネオペンチルグリコールと2-エチルヘキサン酸とのエステル;20重量部
【0019】
(2)実施例2の供試油:ペンタエリスリトールと、2-メチルヘキサン酸と2-エチルヘキサン酸の混合物(重量比1/1)とのエステル(酸価0.01mgKOH/g、水酸基価2.0mgKOH/g)
【0020】
(3)実施例3の供試油:次の2種のエステル混合物(酸価0.01mgKOH/g、水酸基価2.0mgKOH/g)
(d)実施例1の(b)のエステル;20重量部
(e)実施例1の(c)のエステル;80重量部
【0021】
(4)比較例1の供試油:パラフィン系鉱油からなる冷凍機油(フレオールS10;ジャパンエナンジー製)
(5)比較例2の供試油:パラフィン系鉱油からなる冷凍機油(フレオールS32;ジャパンエナンジー製)
【0022】
(6)比較例3の供試油:ナフテン系鉱油からなる冷凍機油(スニソ3GS;日本サン石油社製)
(7)比較例4の供試油:ポリオキシプロピレングリコールモノアルキルエーテル(アデカカーポールM-30;旭電化工業社製)
【0023】
(8)比較例5の供試油:2−エチルヘキサノールとパルミチン酸のモノエステル(ユニスターMB-816;日本油脂社製)
(9)比較例6の供試油:次の2種のカーボネート混合物(酸価0.01mgKOH/g)
(f)ジベンジルカーボネート;50重量部
(g)ベンジル-フェニルエチルカーボネート;50重量部
【0024】
溶解性試験
供試油15gをガラス製耐圧容器に入れ、イソブタン3〜10g封入し、温度を室温から80℃の間で数点設定し、イソブタンを溶解した試供油の体積およびその時の圧力から、計算により温度/圧力/溶解度曲線を作成した。その溶解度から代表的な実用条件である60℃、0.6MPaでの各試供油のイソブタン溶解量(溶解イソブタン/(試供油+溶解イソブタン);重量%)を読みとり、この結果を、試供油の動粘度とともに表1に示す。
【0025】
【表1】

Figure 0003909744
【0026】
上記供試油について、冷凍機油としての次の各性能を、次に示す条件の下で測定、評価し、その結果を表2に示す。
潤滑性 ASTM D-3233-73に準拠し、ファレックス(Falex)焼付荷重をイソブタンの吹き込み制御雰囲気下(70ml/min)で測定した。
熱安定性 ANSI/ASHRAE 97-1983に準じ、供試油20gとイソブタン5gと触媒(鉄、銅、アルミニウムの各線)をステンレス製ボンベ(100ml)に封入し、175℃に加熱して10日間保持した後、供試油の色相(ASTM表示)および酸価を測定した。
【0027】
電気絶縁性 JIS C2101に基づき80℃における体積抵抗率を求めた。
吸湿性 100mlビーカにサンプル油60gを入れ、温度25℃、湿度70%の雰囲気にて開放状態で3時間静置後、水分濃度をカールフィッシャー法により測定した。
【0028】
【表2】
Figure 0003909744
【0029】
表1および表2から分かるように、本発明に係るエステルが、比較例1〜3の鉱油系冷凍機油、比較例5のモノエステル、比較例6のカーボネート等と比較すると冷媒の溶解度が適度に低く、冷媒充填量を少なくすることができる。また、比較例4のエーテルは冷媒との溶解性は低いものの、体積抵抗率で示される電気特性が本発明のエステルより約100倍悪く、かつ熱安定性も悪く、さらには、吸湿性も高く、冷凍機油として適さないことが分かる。比較例5,6のモノエステル及びカーボネートも本発明のエステルと比較すると冷媒との溶解性だけでなく、潤滑性、熱安定性、電気特性で劣ることが分かる。
【0030】
【発明の効果】
本発明の冷凍機油は、炭化水素冷媒に対し程良い相溶性、溶解性を有するとともに、高い電気絶縁性、低い吸湿性、良好な潤滑性、高い熱酸化安定性を有しているため、冷凍機油として総合性能に優れているという格別の効果を奏する。[0001]
[Industrial application fields]
The present invention relates to a refrigerating machine oil that uses a hydrocarbon such as ethane, propane, butane, isobutane or the like as a refrigerant.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, in refrigerators, air conditioners, refrigerators, etc., chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) such as R-11 (trichloromonofluoromethane) and R-12 (dichlorodifluoromethane), which contain fluorine and chlorine as refrigerants, have been used. ), CFCs such as hydrochlorofluorocarbon (HCFC) R-22 (monochlorodifluoromethane) have been used, but its production and use have been regulated internationally in connection with the recent ozone depletion problem. Has been converted to new hydrogen-containing chlorofluorocarbon refrigerants that do not contain chlorine, such as difluoromethane (R-32) and tetrafluoroethane (R-134 or R-134a). However, although these HFCs do not destroy the ozone layer, they have a large greenhouse effect and are not necessarily excellent refrigerants from the viewpoint of global warming, which has become a problem in recent years.
[0003]
Therefore, lower hydrocarbons with about 1 to 5 carbon atoms, ammonia, carbon dioxide, etc. do not destroy the ozone layer, and the impact on global warming is much greater than that of the above chlorinated or non-chlorinated fluorinated hydrocarbons. Recently, it has been reviewed recently. In other words, these compounds have been used as refrigerants for a long time, but they are considered to be used in refrigeration systems with high cooling efficiency consisting of compressors, condensers, throttle devices, evaporators, etc. cultivated with the above-mentioned CFC refrigerants. As lubricants for lower hydrocarbon refrigerants, for example, naphthenic or paraffinic mineral oils, alkylbenzene oils, ether oils, ester oils, and fluorine oils that are compatible with the refrigerants have been proposed (special features). Kaihei 10-130685).
[0004]
However, since the hydrocarbon refrigerant has a high solubility in lubricants such as mineral oil, the use of such a lubricant lowers the viscosity of the lubricant, making it impossible to ensure lubricity and increasing the amount of refrigerant charged. There is a need. On the other hand, since the lower hydrocarbon as a refrigerant is flammable, the filling amount is required to be as low as possible.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention solves the above-mentioned problems, and the object of the present invention is to have a moderate compatibility and solubility with respect to a hydrocarbon refrigerant, to maintain a viscosity that does not impair lubricity, and to reduce the filling amount of the refrigerant. An object of the present invention is to provide a refrigerating machine oil that can be reduced and has excellent lubricity, electrical insulation, stability, and the like.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of diligent research in order to achieve the above object, the present inventors have found that limited esters have moderate compatibility and solubility in hydrocarbon refrigerants, as well as high electrical insulation and low hygroscopicity. It has been found that it has good lubricity and high thermal oxidation stability and is excellent as a refrigerating machine oil for hydrocarbon refrigerants, and has come to the present invention.
[0007]
The present invention is mainly composed of an ester of one or more kinds of neopentyl polyol having 5 to 10 carbon atoms and one or more kinds selected from linear or branched monovalent fatty acids having 5 to 9 carbon atoms. Preferably, the monovalent fatty acid is a branched fatty acid, particularly preferably 2-ethylhexanoic acid or 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoic acid, and Preferably, the present invention relates to a refrigerating machine oil for hydrocarbon refrigerant, wherein the neopentyl polyol is at least one of neopentyl glycol and pentaerythritol.
[0008]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Examples of the neopentyl polyol having 5 to 10 carbon atoms in the present invention include neopentyl glycol, pentaerythritol, trimethylolpropane, dipentaerythritol, trimethylolethane, and trimethylolbutane. Neopentyl polyol having more than 10 carbon atoms has an excessively large hydrocarbon portion, and the ester synthesized therefrom has increased compatibility and solubility with the hydrocarbon of the refrigerant, thereby achieving the object of the present invention. Can not. For such purposes, neopentyl glycol and pentaerythritol are particularly preferred.
[0009]
In the present invention, n-heptanoic acid, n-hexanoic acid, n-heptanoic acid, n-octanoic acid and n-nonanoic acid are also classified as linear monovalent fatty acids having 5 to 9 carbon atoms. The branched monovalent fatty acid includes all the structural isomers of the straight-chain acid. In order to obtain appropriate compatibility, solubility and optimum lubricity, 2-ethylhexanoic acid, 3,5 1,5-trimethylhexanoic acid or a mixture thereof is preferably used.
[0010]
In the present invention, one obtained by esterifying one kind of the above neopentyl polyol and one kind of linear or branched monovalent fatty acid (ester compound) is used as it is or by mixing a plurality of different kinds of esters (ester mixture). ) Or an ester of one kind of neopentyl polyol and a mixture of two or more kinds of linear or branched monovalent fatty acid (acid mixture), or a mixture of two or more kinds of neopentyl polyol (alcohol mixture) And a mixture of two or more esters (alcohol mixtures) of a linear or branched monovalent fatty acid or a neopentyl polyol and a mixture of two or more linear or branched monovalent fatty acids (acid mixture) ) Satisfying the desired characteristics required by various refrigerators by appropriately selecting one or more esters from the ester etc. It may be prepared so that.
[0011]
For example, (1) a mixed ester obtained by esterification of pentaerythritol, 30 to 70 parts by weight of 2-ethylhexanoic acid and 70 to 30 parts by weight of an acid mixture of 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoic acid, 20 to 60 parts by weight , 20 to 60 parts by weight of an ester of pentaerythritol and 2-ethylhexanoic acid and 10 to 40 parts by weight of an ester of neopentyl glycol and 2-ethylhexanoic acid, (2) pentaerythritol and 2-methyl Esters of 30 to 70 parts by weight of hexanoic acid and an acid mixture of 70 to 30 parts by weight of 2-ethylhexanoic acid, (3) 10 to 40 parts by weight of an ester of pentaerythritol and 2 - ethylhexanoic acid, neopentyl glycol and 2 - ester mixture of the ester 90 to 60 parts by weight of ethylhexanoic acid, moderate compatibility of the hydrocarbon refrigerant It can be used as a refrigerating machine oil that is particularly excellent in lubricity, electrical insulation, stability, etc.
[0012]
The ester used in the present invention is an esterification reaction by dehydration reaction between the specific neopentyl polyol and the specific fatty acid, or a general esterification reaction via an acid anhydride, acid chloride or the like which is a derivative of a fatty acid. Or by transesterification of each derivative.
[0013]
The ester obtained by the above method does not particularly limit the unreacted remaining acid and hydroxyl group, but preferably no carboxyl group or hydroxyl group remains. If the residual amount of carboxyl groups is large, an undesirable phenomenon such as the formation and precipitation of metal soap due to the reaction with the metal used inside the refrigerator will occur, so that the acid value is 3 mgKOH / g or less. Those having a concentration of 0.1 mgKOH / g or less are more preferable. In addition, if the residual amount of hydroxyl group is large, the ester becomes cloudy at low temperature and undesired phenomena such as blocking the capillary device of the refrigeration cycle occur. Therefore, the hydroxyl value is preferably 50 mgKOH / g or less, and 10 mgKOH / g The following are more preferable.
[0014]
The refrigerating machine oil of the present invention containing the above ester as a main component, when used as a refrigerating machine oil using a hydrocarbon refrigerant, exhibits appropriate compatibility and solubility in a wide range from a low temperature to a high temperature. In addition, the thermal stability can be greatly improved. Furthermore, compared with polyalkylene glycol (PAG) etc. which are used as refrigerating machine oil for alternative CFCs, the electrical insulation is much higher and the hygroscopicity is lower.
[0015]
In the refrigerating machine oil according to the present invention, lubricating oil such as PAG, alkylbenzene and mineral oil can be appropriately mixed as long as the function as refrigerating machine oil is satisfied, and an antioxidant conventionally used in refrigerating machine oil, Additives such as antiwear agents and epoxy compounds can be added as appropriate.
[0016]
The refrigerating machine oil of the present invention is used as a lubricating oil for a refrigerating machine using a lower hydrocarbon having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, particularly ethane, propane, butane, isobutane, etc. as a refrigerant, and in particular, a compressor, a condenser, A refrigeration system with high cooling efficiency that has a throttling device (refrigerant flow control unit such as an expansion valve or capillary tube), an evaporator, etc., and circulates the refrigerant between them, in particular, a high-pressure compressor such as a rotary compressor It can be suitably used as a lubricating oil in a refrigerator.
[0017]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described specifically by way of examples.
[0018]
Test oil (1) Test oil of Example 1: The following three ester mixtures (acid value 0.01 mgKOH / g, hydroxyl value 2.5 mgKOH / g)
(A) an ester of pentaerythritol and a mixture of 2-ethylhexanoic acid and 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoic acid (weight ratio 1/1); 40 parts by weight (b) pentaerythritol and 2-ethylhexanoic acid 40 parts by weight (c) an ester of neopentyl glycol and 2-ethylhexanoic acid; 20 parts by weight
(2) Sample oil of Example 2: ester of pentaerythritol and a mixture of 2-methylhexanoic acid and 2-ethylhexanoic acid (weight ratio 1/1) (acid value 0.01 mgKOH / g, hydroxyl value 2 0.0mgKOH / g)
[0020]
(3) Test oil of Example 3: The following two ester mixtures (acid value 0.01 mgKOH / g, hydroxyl value 2.0 mgKOH / g)
(D) the ester of (b) of Example 1; 20 parts by weight (e) the ester of (c) of Example 1; 80 parts by weight
(4) Test oil of Comparative Example 1: Refrigerator oil made of paraffinic mineral oil (Freole S10; manufactured by Japan Energy)
(5) Test oil of Comparative Example 2: Refrigerating machine oil made of paraffinic mineral oil (Fleol S32; manufactured by Japan Energy)
[0022]
(6) Test oil of Comparative Example 3: Refrigerating machine oil made of naphthenic mineral oil (Suniso 3GS; manufactured by Sun Japan Oil Company)
(7) Test oil of Comparative Example 4: polyoxypropylene glycol monoalkyl ether (Adeka Carpol M-30; manufactured by Asahi Denka Kogyo Co., Ltd.)
[0023]
(8) Test oil of Comparative Example 5: Monoester of 2-ethylhexanol and palmitic acid (Unistar MB-816; manufactured by NOF Corporation)
(9) Test oil of Comparative Example 6: Mixture of the following two carbonates (acid value 0.01 mgKOH / g)
(F) dibenzyl carbonate; 50 parts by weight (g) benzyl-phenylethyl carbonate; 50 parts by weight
Solubility test 15g of test oil is put in a pressure vessel made of glass, 3-10g of isobutane is sealed, the temperature is set at several points between room temperature and 80 ° C, and the volume of the test oil in which isobutane is dissolved A temperature / pressure / solubility curve was created from the pressure of From the solubility, the isobutane dissolution amount (dissolved isobutane / (sample oil + dissolved isobutane); wt%) of each sample oil at 60 ° C. and 0.6 MPa, which is a typical practical condition, is read, and the result is obtained from the sample oil. It shows in Table 1 with kinematic viscosity.
[0025]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003909744
[0026]
About the said test oil, each following performance as refrigerating machine oil was measured and evaluated on the conditions shown next, and the result is shown in Table 2.
Lubricity Based on ASTM D-3233-73, the Falex seizure load was measured in an isobutane blowing controlled atmosphere (70 ml / min).
Thermal stability According to ANSI / ASHRAE 97-1983, 20g of test oil, 5g of isobutane and catalyst (iron, copper and aluminum wires) are sealed in a stainless steel cylinder (100ml), heated to 175 ° C and held for 10 days. After that, the hue (ASTM display) and acid value of the test oil were measured.
[0027]
The volume resistivity at 80 ° C. was determined based on the electrical insulating JIS C2101.
60 g of sample oil was put in a hygroscopic 100 ml beaker and left to stand for 3 hours in an open atmosphere at a temperature of 25 ° C. and a humidity of 70%, and the water concentration was measured by the Karl Fischer method.
[0028]
[Table 2]
Figure 0003909744
[0029]
As can be seen from Table 1 and Table 2, the ester according to the present invention has a moderate solubility of refrigerant when compared with the mineral oil refrigerating machine oil of Comparative Examples 1 to 3, the monoester of Comparative Example 5, the carbonate of Comparative Example 6, and the like. It is low, and the refrigerant charging amount can be reduced. In addition, although the ether of Comparative Example 4 has low solubility in the refrigerant, the electrical properties indicated by the volume resistivity are about 100 times worse than the ester of the present invention, the thermal stability is poor, and the hygroscopicity is also high. It turns out that it is not suitable as refrigerating machine oil. It can be seen that the monoesters and carbonates of Comparative Examples 5 and 6 are inferior not only in solubility with the refrigerant, but also in lubricity, thermal stability, and electrical characteristics as compared with the ester of the present invention.
[0030]
【The invention's effect】
The refrigerating machine oil of the present invention has moderate compatibility and solubility with hydrocarbon refrigerants, and also has high electrical insulation, low hygroscopicity, good lubricity, and high thermal oxidation stability. As a machine oil, it has an exceptional effect of being excellent in overall performance.

Claims (4)

ネオペンチルグリコールまたはペンタエリスリトールからなるネオペンチルポリオールの1種以上と炭素数〜9の分枝の1価脂肪酸から選ばれた1種以上とのエステルを主成分とし、
そのエステルが、ネオペンチルポリオールの1種と分枝の1価脂肪酸の1種とをエステル化して得られた異なる種類のエステルを複数混合して、及び/または、ネオペンチルポリオールの1種と分枝の1価脂肪酸の2種以上の酸混合物とのエステルからなる炭化水素冷媒用冷凍機油。
A main component neopentyl glycol or an ester of one or more neopentyl polyol consisting of pentaerythritol with at least one member selected from monovalent fatty acids branched carbons 7-9,
The ester is a mixture of a plurality of different types of esters obtained by esterifying one kind of neopentyl polyol and one kind of branched monovalent fatty acid and / or one kind of neopentyl polyol. A refrigerating machine oil for hydrocarbon refrigerant comprising an ester with a mixture of two or more kinds of branched monovalent fatty acids .
ペンタエリスリトールと2 - エチルヘキサン酸30〜70重量部と3 , , - トリメチルヘキサン酸70〜30重量部の酸混合物とをエステル化して得られた混合エステル20〜60重量部と、ペンタエリスリトールと2 - エチルヘキサン酸とのエステル20〜60重量部及びネオペンチルグリコールと2 - エチルヘキサン酸のエステル10〜40重量部を混合したエステルを主成分とすることからなる請求項1に記載の炭化水素冷媒用冷凍機油。 Pentaerythritol and 2 - ethylhexanoic acid 30-70 parts by weight of 3, 5, 5 - a mixed ester 20-60 parts by weight obtained by esterifying an acid mixture of 70 to 30 parts by weight of trimethyl hexanoate, pentaerythritol When 2 - hydrocarbons according to claim 1, wherein the ester of a mixture of ester 10 to 40 parts by weight of ethylhexanoic acid consists mainly - ester 20 to 60 parts by weight of ethylhexanoic acid and neopentyl glycol and 2 Refrigerating machine oil for hydrogen refrigerant. ペンタエリスリトールと2 - メチルヘキサン酸30〜70重量部と2 - エチルヘキサン酸70〜30重量部の酸混合物とのエステルを主成分とすることからなる請求項1に記載の炭化水素冷媒用冷凍機油。 Pentaerythritol and 2 - 30-70 parts by weight of methyl hexanoic acid and 2 - hydrocarbon refrigerant refrigerating machine oil according to claim 1, an ester of an acid mixture of 70 to 30 parts by weight of ethylhexanoic acid consists mainly . ペンタエリスリトールと2Pentaerythritol and 2 -- エチルヘキサン酸とのエステル10〜40重量部とネオペンチルグリコールと210 to 40 parts by weight of an ester with ethylhexanoic acid, neopentyl glycol and 2 -- エチルヘキサン酸とのエステル90〜60重量部とのエステル混合物を主成分とすることからなる請求項The main component is an ester mixture of 90 to 60 parts by weight of an ester with ethylhexanoic acid. 11 に記載の炭化水素冷媒用冷凍機油。Refrigerating machine oil for hydrocarbon refrigerants as described in 1.
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