JP3898297B2 - Combine operating device - Google Patents

Combine operating device Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3898297B2
JP3898297B2 JP23776797A JP23776797A JP3898297B2 JP 3898297 B2 JP3898297 B2 JP 3898297B2 JP 23776797 A JP23776797 A JP 23776797A JP 23776797 A JP23776797 A JP 23776797A JP 3898297 B2 JP3898297 B2 JP 3898297B2
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steering
hydraulic
arm
shaft
transmitted
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JPH10201345A (en
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高 茂 實 日
山 大 悟 横
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Yanma Agricultural Equipment Co Ltd
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Yanma Agricultural Equipment Co Ltd
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は変速レバーで油圧変速機構を変速操作して走行速度の変速を、また操向ハンドルで油圧操向機構を操向操作して機体の旋回をそれぞれ行うようにしたコンバインの操作装置に関する。
【0002】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
例えば丸形の操向ハンドルの回転操向出力は、通常等速のステアリングギヤを介し操向部に伝達されて、操向ハンドルの操作量に比例した機体の旋回が行われている。このような従来構造にあって、旋回の初期動作を速くあるいは遅くしようとする場合には、その都度操向ハンドルの操作量であるハンドル角度を大或いは小に操作してこれに対応させる作業の煩わしさがある。
【0003】
【課題を解決するための手段】
したがって本発明は、エンジン(21)からの駆動力を油圧変速機構(25)及び副変速機構(32)を介し走行部(2)に伝達して機体を変速自在に走行させ、主変速レバー(68)の前後進操作で油圧変速機構(25)の前後進の切換えを行うようにしていると共に、操向ハンドル(19)で操向用コントロールアーム(73)を動作させて油圧操向機構(28)を動作させており、当該油圧操向機構(28)の回転をギヤ差動機構(33)を介して左右走行部(2)の駆動輪(34)に伝達して、左右走行部(2)の回転を異ならせて機体の旋回を行うようにしたコンバインの操作装置において、前記主変速レバー(68)を前後進操作の中立以外の状態に操作した状態で前記操向ハンドル (19) 操作すると、前記油圧操向機構 (28) の回転が前記ギヤ差動機構(33)に伝達されるようになっていると共に、前記主変速レバー(68)を中立状態に操作した状態で前記操向ハンドル (19) 操作すると、前記油圧操向機構 (28) の回転が前記ギヤ差動機構(33)に伝達されないようになっており、前記操向ハンドル(19)の操向操作力を不等速ギヤ(114,116)を介して油圧操向機構(28)に伝達するようになっており、前記不等速ギヤ(114,116)は、前記操向ハンドル(19)の中立位置からの操作における操作初期の立上り出力を大とさせるように設けられているものである。
【0004】
また、エンジン(21)からの駆動力を油圧変速機構(25)及び副変速機構(32)を介し走行部(2)に伝達して機体を変速自在に走行させており、主変速レバー(68)の前後進操作で走行用コントロールアーム(72)を動作させて油圧変速機構(25)の第1油圧モータ(24)を動作させるようにしていると共に、操向ハンドル(19)で操向用コントロールアーム(73)を動作させて油圧操向機構(28)の第2油圧モータ(27)を動作させており、当該第2油圧モータ(27)の回転をギヤ差動機構(33)を介して左右走行部(2)の駆動輪(34)に伝達して、左右走行部(2)の回転を異ならせて機体の旋回を行うようにしたコンバインの操作装置において、
前記主変速レバー(68)の出力軸(86)と前記走行用コントロールアーム(72)に連結された変速アーム(84)との間を連結する一方の自在継手軸(88)を備えると共に、前記操向ハンドル(19)の出力軸(87)と前記操向用コントロールアーム(73)に連結された操向アーム(85)との間を連結する他方の自在継手軸(89)を備え、前記変速アーム(84)と前記操向アーム(85)を、揺動軸(82)及び当該揺動軸(82)の外側の揺動筒軸(83)を介して軸支すると共に、前記一方の自在継手軸(88)の前記変速アーム(84)側の継手部と、前記他方の自在継手軸(89)の操向アーム(85)側の継手部とを可及的に接近させた状態に位置させ、前記主変速レバー(68)を中立以外の状態に前後進操作することで前記一方の自在継手軸(88)を押し引きして前記変速アーム(84)を動作させた状態で前記操向ハンドル(19)を操作すると、前記他方の自在継手軸(89)の押し引きの動きによって前記操向アーム(85)が回転し、これにより前記操向用コントロールアーム(73)が動作して前記油圧操向機構 (28) が作動し、当該油圧操向機 (28) の第2油圧モータ (27) の回転が前記ギヤ差動機構(33)に伝達されるようになっていると共に、前記主変速レバー(68)を中立状態に操作することで前記一方の自在継手軸(88)を押し引きして前記変速アーム(84)を動作させた状態で前記操向ハンドル(19)を操作すると、前記他方の自在継手軸(89)の押し引きの動きによっては前記操向アーム(85)が回転せず、前記操向用コントロールアーム(73)が動作しないので、前記第2油圧モータ (27) は回転せず、回転が前記ギヤ差動機構(33)に伝達されないようになっており、前記操向ハンドル(19)の操向操作力を不等速ギヤ(114,116)を介して油圧操向機構(28)に伝達されるようになっており、前記不等速ギヤ(114,116)は、前記操向ハンドル(19)の中立位置からの操作における操作初期の立上り出力を大とさせるように設けられているものである。
【0005】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明の実施例を図面に基づいて詳述する。図1は操向ハンドル部の平面説明図、図2はコンバインの全体側面図、図3は同平面図であり、図中(1)は走行クローラ(2)を装設するトラックフレーム、(3)は前記トラックフレーム(1)に架設する機台、(4)はフィードチェン(5)を左側に張架し扱胴(6)及び処理胴(7)を内蔵している脱穀機である脱穀部、(8)は刈刃(9)及び穀稈搬送機構(10)などを備える刈取部、(11)は刈取フレーム(12)を介して刈取部(8)を昇降させる油圧シリンダ、(13)は排藁チェン(14)終端を臨ませる排藁処理部、(15)は脱穀部(4)からの穀粒を揚穀筒(16)を介して搬入する穀物タンク、(17)は前記タンク(15)の穀粒を機外に搬出する排出オーガ、(18)は丸形操向ハンドル(19)及び運転席(20)などを備える運転キャビン、(21)は運転キャビン(18)下方に設けるエンジンであり、連続的に穀稈を刈取って脱穀するように構成している。
【0006】
図4に示す如く、前記走行クローラ(2)を駆動するミッションケース(22)は、1対の第1油圧ポンプ(23)及び第1油圧モータ(24)からなる主変速機構である走行用の油圧式無段変速機構(25)と、1対の第2油圧ポンプ(26)及び第2油圧モータ(27)からなる操向機構である旋回用の油圧式無段変速機構(28)とを備え、前記エンジン(21)の出力軸(21a)に第1及び第2油圧ポンプ(23)(26)の入力軸(29)を伝達ベルト(30)を介し連動連結させて、これら油圧ポンプ(23)(26)の駆動を行うように構成している。
【0007】
そして前記第1油圧モータ(24)の出力軸(31)に、副変速機構(32)及び差動機構(33)を介し走行クローラ(2)の駆動輪(34)を連動連結させるもので、前記差動機構(33)は左右対称の1対の遊星ギヤ機構(35)(35)を有し、各遊星ギヤ機構(35)は1つのサンギヤ(36)と、該サンギヤ(36)の外周で噛合う3つのプラネタリギヤ(37)と、これらプラネタリギヤ(37)に噛合うリングギヤ(38)などで形成している。
【0008】
前記プラネタリギヤ(37)はサンギヤ軸(39)と同軸線上とのキャリヤ軸(40)のキャリヤ(41)にそれぞれ回転自在に軸支させ、左右のサンギヤ(36)(36)を挾んで左右のキャリヤ(41)を対向配置させると共に、前記リングギヤ(38)は各プラネタリギヤ(37)に噛み合う内歯(38a)を有してサンギヤ軸(39)とは同一軸芯上に配置させ、キャリヤ軸(40)に回転自在に軸支させている。
【0009】
また、走行用の油圧式無段変速機構(25)は第1油圧ポンプ(23)の回転斜板の角度変更調節により第1油圧モータ(24)の正逆回転と回転数の制御を行うもので、第1油圧モータ(24)の回転出力を出力軸(31)の伝達ギヤ(42)より各ギヤ(43)(44)(45)及び副変速機構(32)を介して、サンギヤ軸(39)に固定したセンタギヤ(46)に伝達してサンギヤ(36)を回転するように構成している。前記副変速機構(32)は、前記ギヤ(45)を有する副変速軸(47)と、前記センタギヤ(46)に噛合うギヤ(48)を有する駐車ブレーキ軸(49)とを備え、副変速軸(47)とブレーキ軸(49)間に各1対の低速用ギヤ(50)(48)・中速用ギヤ(51)(52)・高速用ギヤ(53)(54)を設けて、中央位置のギヤ(51)のスライド操作によってこれら低速・中速・高速の切換えを可能とさせるように構成している(なお低速・中速間及び中速・高速間には中立を有するものである)。また前記ブレーキ軸(49)には車速検出ギヤ(55)を設けると共に、該ギヤ(55)の回転数より車速を検出する車速センサ(56)を設けている。なお、刈取部(8)に回転力を伝達する刈取PTO軸(57)のPTO入力ギヤ(58)に、前記出力軸(31)の伝達ギヤ(42)を噛合連結させている。
【0010】
そして、前記センタギヤ(46)を介しサンギヤ軸(39)に伝達された第1油圧モータ(24)からの駆動力を、左右の遊星ギヤ機構(35)を介しキャリヤ軸(40)に伝達させると共に、該キャリヤ軸(40)に伝達された回転を左右各一対の減速ギヤ(60)(61)を介し左右の駆動輪(34)の左右輪軸(34a)にそれぞれ伝えるように構成している。
【0011】
さらに、旋回用の油圧式無段変速機構(28)は第2油圧ポンプ(26)の回転斜板の角度変更調節により第2油圧モータ(27)の正逆回転と回転数の制御を行うもので、第2油圧モータ(27)の出力軸(62)の出力ギヤからギヤ伝達機構(63)を介し旋回入力軸(64)の入力ギヤ(65a)(65b)に回転出力を伝達し、右側のリングギヤ(38)の外歯(38b)を対しては直接的に、また左側のリングギヤ(38)の外歯(38b)に対しては逆転軸(66)の逆転ギヤ(67)を介し伝えて、第2油圧モータ(27)の正転時に左右のリングギヤ(38)を左右同一回転数で左ギヤ(38)を正転、右ギヤ(38)を逆転とさせるように構成している。
【0012】
而して旋回用の第2油圧モータ(27)の駆動を停止させ左右リングギヤ(38)を静止固定させた状態で、走行用の第1油圧モータ(24)の駆動を行うと、第1油圧モータ(24)からの回転出力はセンタギヤ(46)から左右のサンギヤ(36)に同一回転数で伝達され、左右遊星ギヤ機構(35)のプラネタリギヤ(37)・キャリヤ(41)及び減速ギヤ(60)(61)を介し左右の輪軸(34a)に左右同回転方向の同一回転数で伝達されて、機体の前後直進走行が行われる。一方、走行用の第1油圧モータ(24)の駆動を停止させ左右のサンギヤ(36)を静止固定させた状態で、旋回用の第2油圧モータ(27)を正逆回転駆動すると、左側の遊星ギヤ機構(35)が正或いは逆回転、また右側の遊星ギヤ機構(35)が逆或いは正回転して、左右走行クローラ(2)の駆動方向を前後逆方向とさせて機体を左或いは右にその場でスピンターンさせるものである。
【0013】
また走行用の第1油圧モータ(24)を駆動させながら、旋回用の第2油圧モータ(27)を駆動して機体を左右に旋回させる場合には旋回半径の大きい旋回を可能にできるもので、その旋回半径は左右走行クローラ(2)の速度に応じ決定される。
【0014】
図5乃至図13に示す如く、前記走行用の油圧式無段変速機構(25)に連結する主変速レバー(68)と、旋回用の油圧式無段変速機構(28)に連結する操向ハンドル(19)とを、変速及び旋回連動機構(69)に連動連結させると共に、該連動機構(69)を走行変速及び操向リンク系であるリンク機構(70)(71)介し走行及び操向用の無段変速機構(25)(28)のコントロールレバーであるアーム(72)(73)に連動連結させている。
【0015】
前記連動機構(69)は、主変速レバー(68)の基端折曲部(68a)を筒軸(74)に左右揺動自在に支持する回動板(75)と、機体側の本機フレーム(76)に固設して前記回動板(75)を左右方向の第1枢軸(77)を介し前後回動自在に支持する固定取付板(78)と、前記枢軸(77)とは直交する前後方向の第2枢軸(79)を介して回動板(75)に連結させて該軸(79)回りに回動自在に設ける変速操作部材(80)と、前記第2枢軸(79)の軸回りに回動自在に連結させる操向操作部材(81)とを備え、変速及び操向操作部材(80)(81)の第2枢軸(79)とは偏心位置の各操作出力部(80a)(81a)を変速及び操向リンク機構(70)(71)に連動連結させている。
【0016】
前記変速及び操向リンク機構(70)(71)は、連動機構(69)後方位置で本機フレーム(76)側に揺動軸(82)外側の揺動筒軸(83)を介し支持する変速アーム(84)と、前記揺動軸(82)に基端を固設する旋回出力逆転手段である操向アーム(85)と、前記出力部(80a)(81a)の各操作出力軸(86)(87)と各アーム(84)(85)間を連結する自在継手軸(88)(89)と、前記揺動軸(82)の右端に固設する操向出力アーム(91)と、前記運転キャビン(18)の回動支点軸(92)の支点軸受(93)に取付ける中間軸(94)に回転自在に設ける変速及び操向用第1揺動アーム(95)(96)と、前記アーム(84)(91)と第1揺動アーム(95)(96)の各先端間をそれぞれ連結する変速及び操向用自在継手形第1ロッド(97)(98)と、前記中間軸(94)に設けて第1揺動アーム(95)(96)に一体連結する変速及び操向用第2揺動アーム(99)(100)と、前記ミッションケース(22)上部の軸受板(101)に取付ける支軸(102)に回動自在に支持させる変速及び操向用筒軸(103)(104)と、該筒軸(103)(104)に基端を固設する第1揺動アーム(105)(106)と前記第2揺動アーム(99)(100)の各先端間を連結する変速及び操向用自在継手形第2ロッド(107)(108)と、前記筒軸(103)(104)に基端を固設する第2揺動アーム(109)(110)と前記コントロールアーム(72)(73)の各先端間を連結させる変速及び操向用自在継手形第3ロッド(111)(112)とを備え、前記第1枢軸(77)を中心とした変速操作部材(80)の回動によって走行用のコントロールアーム(72)を、また走行中の第2枢軸(79)を中心とした操向操作部材(81)の回動によって操向用のコントロールアーム(73)を操作して変速及び操向制御を行うように構成している。
【0017】
一方前記操向ハンドル(19)下端のハンドル操作軸(113)にギヤ(114)を設けて、この後方の回転軸(115)に取付けるセクタギヤ(116)に前記ギヤ(114)を噛合せると共に、前記主変速レバー(68)位置下方に配設する操向軸(117)の第1揺動アーム(118)と、前記回転軸(115)に基端を固設する出力アーム(119)との各先端間を操向リンク機構である自在継手形操向第1ロッド(120)を介して連結させ、操向軸(117)の第1揺動アーム(118)と一体の第2揺動アーム(121)を、前記自在継手軸(89)の前端に自在継手形操向第2ロッド(122)を介して連結させ、前記ハンドル(19)の回動操作によって前記第2枢軸(79)を中心として操向操作部材(81)を回動するように構成している。
【0018】
また、前記ハンドル操作軸(113)のギヤ(114)下方に中立位置決め板(123)を設けていて、該位置決め板(123)下面の突出軸(124)に操向検出リンク(125)の一端を連結させ、前記回転軸(115)の右側に配設する減速アーム軸(126)の第1揺動アーム(127)と前記検出リンク(125)の他端長孔(125a)とを軸(128)を介し連結させると共に、前記操向軸(117)の減速アーム(129)と減速アーム軸(126)の第2揺動アーム(130)との各先端間を減速リンク機構である自在継手形第1減速ロッド(131)で連結させ、前記変速操作部材(80)の最右端の減速伝達軸(132)と第2揺動アーム(130)の他端間を自在継手形第2減速ロッド(133)で連結させて、走行状態で前記ハンドル(19)の操向量を大とする程第2減速ロッド(133)を下方に引張って走行速度を減速させるように構成している。
【0019】
而して、前記変速及び操向操作部材(80)(81)を軸回りに回動可能とさせる第2枢軸(79)と、操向アーム(85)と継手軸(89)との自在継手部(89a)とを前後方向の水平ライン(L1)上に位置させ、また前記操作出力軸(86)(87)と自在継手軸(88)(89)との自在継手部(88b)(89b)と、第1枢軸(77)とを前記ライン(L1)に直交させる左右水平ライン(L2)上に位置させ、さらに前記変速アーム(84)と継手軸(88)との自在継手部(88a)と前記継手部(89a)とを前記ライン(L2)と平行な左右水平ライン(L3)上に位置させ、且つ継手部(89a)に継手部(88a)を可及的に接近(最大限近い位置)させて、主変速レバー(68)及び操向ハンドル(19)の中立保持時に、これら何れか一方が操作されても、各操作部材(80)(81)を第1及び第2枢軸(77)(79)の軸回りに回動させるのみとさせて、継手軸(88)(89)には操作力を作用させないものである。
【0020】
そして図10にも示す如く、主変速レバー(68)の前後進操作で、第1枢軸(77)を中心として操作部材(80)を前後に角度(α1)(α2)傾けるとき前記継手軸(88)を引張って或いは押して変速アーム(84)を動作させて走行速度の前後進の切換えを行うと共に、図11に示す如くこの状態中(主変速レバー(68)が中立以外のとき)に操向ハンドル(19)の回動操作で第2枢軸(79)を中心として操作部材(81)を上下に角度(β1)(β2)傾けるとき継手軸(89)を引張って或いは押して操向アーム(85)を動作させて機体の左及び右旋回を行うものである。即ち主変速の中立時に旋回操作を行っても継手軸(89)はライン(L1)を中心とした円錐面上で移動する状態となって継手部(89a)(89b)間の距離は変化せず、したがって操向アーム(85)は動作しない。そして主変速の中立以外で旋回操作が行われるとき操向アーム(85)は動作するもので、前後進に切換わるとき操向アーム(85)は前後逆方向に動作して、第2油圧モータ(27)の回転を前進時と後進時では逆方向とさせるように構成したものである。
【0021】
つまり、走行用の第1油圧モータ(24)の正回転時を前進時とすると、逆回転時の後進時には旋回用の第2油圧モータ(27)による遊星ギヤ機構(35)の作用は前進時と後進時では逆となるもので、前進時と後進時のハンドル(19)操作による機体の旋回方向を一致させるため、第1油圧モータ(24)の逆回転(後進)時には第2油圧ポンプ(26)の斜板角度を逆方向に切換えて(第1及び第2油圧ポンプ(23)(26)の入力軸の回転方向は一定)、第2油圧モータ(27)の回転を前進時と後進時では逆方向とさせるものである。
【0022】
つまりこの場合、前進操作時の操作部材(80)が中立より前方の角度(α1)側に傾いて、ハンドル(19)の右回動操作によって第2ロッド(122)を引張り操作部材(81)を下方向の角度(β2)側に傾けるとき、操作部材(81)の出力部(81a)を操向アーム(85)側に近づけて、揺動軸(82)を中心として操向アーム(85)を操作部材(81)より遠ざける方向(図6中反時計方向)に回転させ、前記第1及び第2ロッド(98)(108)などを介しコントロールアーム(73)を下方向に回転させて、旋回用の第2油圧モータ(27)を正回転させる。即ち、機体を前進で右旋回(走行クローラ(2)の速度を左側が大、右側が小)させる。
【0023】
また、上述の前進操作時で、ハンドル(19)の左回動操作によって第2ロッド(122)を押し上げ操作部材(81)を上方向の角度(β1)側に傾けるとき、操作部材(81)の出力部(81a)を操作アーム(85)側より遠ざけて、揺動軸(82)を中心として操向アーム(85)を操作部材(81)側に近づける方向(図6中時計方向)に回転させ、前記コントロールアーム(73)を上方向に回転させて、前記第2油圧モータ(27)を逆回転させる。即ち、機体を前進で左旋回(走行クローラ(2)の速度を右側が大、左側が小)させる。
【0024】
さらに、後進操作時の操作部材(80)が中立より後方の角度(α2)側に傾いて、ハンドル(19)の右回動操作によって第2ロッド(122)を引張り操作部材(81)を下方向の角度(β2)側に傾けるとき、操作部材(81)の出力部(81a)を操向アーム(85)側より遠ざけて、揺動軸(82)を中心として操向アーム(85)を操作部材(81)側に近づける方向(図6中時計方向)に回転させ、前記コントロールアーム(73)を上方向に回転させて、前記第2油圧モータ(27)を逆回転させる。即ち、機体を後進で右旋回(走行クローラ(2)の速度を左側が大、右側が小)させる。
【0025】
またさらに、上述とは逆に後進操作時で、ハンドル(19)の左回動操作によって、操作部材(81)を上方向の角度(β1)側に傾けるとき、操作部材(81)の出力部(81a)を操作部材(81)側に近づけて、揺動軸(82)を中心として操向アーム(85)を操作部材(81)より遠ざける方向(図6中反時計方向)に回転させ、前記コントロールアーム(73)を下方向に回転させて、前記第2油圧モータ(27)を正回転させる。即ち、機体を後進で左旋回(走行クローラ(2)の速度を右側が大、左側が小)とさせる。
【0026】
このように前進及び後進時における旋回操作にあっては、操向アーム(85)の動きを逆方向とさせて、前後進の何れにおいても操向ハンドル(19)の回動操作方向と機体の旋回方向とを一致させるものである。
【0027】
また図1にも示す如く、前記操向ハンドル(19)に設ける検出リンク(125)は中立位置より右或いは左旋回操作の何れにおいても第1揺動アーム(127)を同一方向に角度(θ)の範囲で回動させて第2減速ロッド(133)を常に引張る状態とさせて、前進操作時の操作部材(80)が角度(α1)側に傾いてるときには、継手部(88a)(88b)間の距離を縮め、また後進操作時の操作部材(80)が角度(α2)側に傾いているときには、継手部(88a)(88b)間の距離を大きくして、変速アーム(84)をそれぞれ中立方向の低速側に変位させて、その旋回量に応じた減速を行うものである。
【0028】
さらに、変速及び操向の操作力を伝達する前記第1ロッド(97)(98)と揺動アーム(95)(96)の自在継手部(97a)(98a)の中心を、運転キャビン(18)の回動支点軸(92)位置に一致させて、変速及び操向の中立保持においてはこれらの操作系を取外すことなく運転キャビン(18)の前方向への回動を可能とさせるように構成している。
【0029】
図4及び図14に示す如く、前記第1及び第2油圧ポンプ(23)(26)と第1及び第2油圧モータ(24)(27)とをそれぞれループ油圧回路(134)(135)を介し正逆自在に接続させ、前記第1及び第2油圧モータ(24)(27)の出力軸(31)(62)には、電磁弁(136)(137)の作動によって出力軸(31)(62)を静止保持する走行停止及び直進固定用の走行及び旋回用ブレーキ装置(138)(139)を設けると共に、前記駐車ブレーキ軸(49)にはブレーキ軸(49)を静止保持する駐車ブレーキ装置(140)を設けている。
【0030】
ところで、図15乃至図18に示す如く、操向ハンドル(19)の操向出力を変速機構(28)に伝達する前記1対のギヤ(114)(116)は、非円形状の不等速ギヤに形成して、ハンドル(19)の操向出力を不等速に伝達するもので、操作軸(113)のギヤ(114)の円周一部に軸(113)から歯部までの距離が他より長い長径部(114a)を突出形成すると共に、セクタギヤ(116)の円周中央部に軸(115)から歯部までの距離の短い短径部(116a)を陥設形成して、ハンドル(19)の中立位置時に前記長径部(114a)と短径部(116a)とを結合状態とさせて、図18のライン(A)に示す如く、ハンドル(19)の操作初期のハンドル角度が小のとき、従来の等速ギヤより操向出力を大にコントロールアーム(73)に伝達させ、ハンドル(19)の操作初期の立上りを大とさせて、ハンドル(19)の初期操作に敏感に反応させた旋回を行うように構成している。
【0031】
また図19に示すものは、前述とは逆に前記ギヤ(114)の円周一部に軸(113)から歯部までの距離が他より短い短径部(114b)を形成すると共に、セクタギヤ(116)の円周中央部に軸(115)から歯部までの距離の長い長径部(116b)を形成して、ハンドル(19)の中立位置時に前記短径部(114b)と長径部(116b)とを結合状態とさせて、図18のライン(B)に示す如く、ハンドル(19)の操作初期の立上りを小とさせ、ハンドル(19)の初期操作に鈍感に反応させた旋回を行うように構成している。
【0032】
このような結果、例えばハンドル角度が30°のときに機体が実際の旋回を開始するような条件のものにおいては、操作初期の立上り出力を大とさせるものにおいてハンドル角度が略18°となるとき、また小とさせるものにおいて略40°となるとき、実際の旋回を開始させることができて、作業者の熱練度や性格などに最適に適応させた旋回作業を可能とさせることができるものである。
【0033】
なお、図18はハンドル(19)の左或いは右旋回時のハンドル角度に対応させたものであり、アーム角度はコントロールアーム(73)の揺動角を表わしたものである。
【0034】
【発明の効果】
以上実施例から明らかなように請求項1に記載の本発明は、エンジン(21)からの駆動力を油圧変速機構(25)及び副変速機構(32)を介し走行部(2)に伝達して機体を変速自在に走行させ、主変速レバー(68)の前後進操作で油圧変速機構(25)の前後進の切換えを行うようにしていると共に、操向ハンドル(19)で操向用コントロールアーム(73)を動作させて油圧操向機構(28)を動作させており、当該油圧操向機構(28)の回転をギヤ差動機構(33)を介して左右走行部(2)の駆動輪(34)に伝達して、左右走行部(2)の回転を異ならせて機体の旋回を行うようにしたコンバインの操作装置において、記主変速レバー(68)を前後進操作の中立以外の状態に操作した状態で前記操向ハンドル (19) 操作すると、前記油圧操向機構 (28) の回転が前記ギヤ差動機構(33)に伝達されるようになっていると共に、前記主変速レバー(68)を中立状態に操作した状態で前記操向ハンドル (19) 操作すると、前記油圧操向機構 (28) の回転が前記ギヤ差動機構(33)に伝達されないようになっており、前記操向ハンドル(19)の操向操作力を不等速ギヤ(114,116)を介して油圧操向機構(28)に伝達するようになっており、前記不等速ギヤ(114,116)は、前記操向ハンドル(19)の中立位置からの操作における操作初期の立上り出力を大とさせるように設けられているものであるから、ハンドル(19)の操作初期の一定操作量に対し、機体の旋回量を従来より大とさせた敏感な旋回を行って、旋回遅れなど起こすことのない迅速且つ良好な操向作業を可能とさせることができるものである。
【0035】
そして、請求項2に記載の本発明は、エンジン(21)からの駆動力を油圧変速機構(25)及び副変速機構(32)を介し走行部(2)に伝達して機体を変速自在に走行させており、主変速レバー(68)の前後進操作で走行用コントロールアーム(72)を動作させて油圧変速機構(25)の第1油圧モータ(24)を動作させるようにしていると共に、操向ハンドル(19)で操向用コントロールアーム(73)を動作させて油圧操向機構(28)の第2油圧モータ(27)を動作させており、当該第2油圧モータ(27)の回転をギヤ差動機構(33)を介して左右走行部(2)の駆動輪(34)に伝達して、左右走行部(2)の回転を異ならせて機体の旋回を行うようにしたコンバインの操作装置において、前記主変速レバー(68)の出力軸(86)と前記走行用コントロールアーム(72)に連結された変速アーム(84)との間を連結する一方の自在継手軸(88)を備えると共に、前記操向ハンドル(19)の出力軸(87)と前記操向用コントロールアーム(73)に連結された操向アーム(85)との間を連結する他方の自在継手軸(89)を備え、前記変速アーム(84)と前記操向アーム(85)を、揺動軸(82)及び当該揺動軸(82)の外側の揺動筒軸(83)を介して軸支すると共に、前記一方の自在継手軸(88)の前記変速アーム(84)側の継手部と、前記他方の自在継手軸(89)の操向アーム(85)側の継手部とを可及的に接近させた状態に位置させ、前記主変速レバー(68)を中立以外の状態に前後進操作することで前記一方の自在継手軸(88)を押し引きして前記変速アーム(84)を動作させた状態で前記操向ハンドル(19)を操作すると、前記他方の自在継手軸(89)の押し引きの動きによって前記操向アーム(85)が回転し、これにより前記操向用コントロールアーム(73)が動作して前記油圧操向機構 (28) が作動し、当該油圧操向機構 (28) の第2油圧モータ (27) の回転が前記ギヤ差動機構(33)に伝達されるようになっていると共に、前記主変速レバー(68)を中立状態に操作することで前記一方の自在継手軸(88)を押し引きして前記変速アーム(84)を動作させた状態で前記操向ハンドル(19)を操作すると、前記他方の自在継手軸(89)の押し引きの動きによっては前記操向アーム(85)が回転せず、前記操向用コントロールアーム(73)が動作しないので、前記第2油圧モータ (27) は回転せず、回転が前記ギヤ差動機構(33)に伝達されないようになっており、前記操向ハンドル(19)の操向操作力を不等速ギヤ(114,116)を介して油圧操向機構(28)に伝達されるようになっており、前記不等速ギヤ(114,116)は、前記操向ハンドル(19)の中立位置からの操作における操作初期の立上り出力を大とさせるように設けられているものであるから、ハンドル(19)の操作初期の一定操作量に対し、機体の旋回量を従来より大とさせた敏感な旋回を行って、旋回遅れなど起こすことのない迅速且つ良好な操向作業を可能とさせることができるものである。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】操向ハンドル部の平面説明図である。
【図2】コンバインの全体側面図である。
【図3】コンバインの全体平面図である。
【図4】ミッション駆動系の説明図である。
【図5】主変速レバー及び操向ハンドルの操作系の斜視説明図である。
【図6】走行変速及び操向操作部の側面説明図である。
【図7】操作部の正面説明図である。
【図8】操作部の平面説明図である。
【図9】操作部の側面説明図である。
【図10】操作部材の側面説明図である。
【図11】操作部材の正面説明図である。
【図12】操作部材の平面説明図である。
【図13】リンク機構部の平面説明図である。
【図14】油圧回路図である。
【図15】不等速ギヤの平面説明図である。
【図16】不等速ギヤの中立結合状態を示す斜視説明図である。
【図17】不等速ギヤの旋回結合状態を示す斜視説明図である。
【図18】ハンドル角度とコントロールアーム角度の関係を表わす線図である。
【図19】不等速ギヤの他の説明図である。
【符号の説明】
(19) 操向ハンドル
(21) エンジン
(25) 変速機構
(28) 変速機構(操向機構)
(33) 差動機構
(114)(116) 不等速ギヤ
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
  The present invention relates to a combine operating device that shifts a traveling speed by shifting a hydraulic transmission mechanism with a shift lever, and performs turning of a machine body by operating a hydraulic steering mechanism with a steering handle.
[0002]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
  For example, the rotational steering output of a round steering handle is transmitted to the steering unit via a normal constant speed steering gear, and the body is turned in proportion to the operation amount of the steering handle. In such a conventional structure, when trying to make the initial turning operation faster or slower, the handle angle, which is the operation amount of the steering handle, is manipulated to be large or small each time. There is annoyance.
[0003]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
  Therefore, the present invention transmits the driving force from the engine (21) to the traveling unit (2) via the hydraulic transmission mechanism (25) and the auxiliary transmission mechanism (32) to travel the vehicle body in a freely variable manner, and the main transmission lever ( 68), the hydraulic speed change mechanism (25) is switched between forward and backward movement, and the steering control arm (73) is operated by the steering handle (19) to operate the hydraulic steering mechanism ( 28) is operated, and the rotation of the hydraulic steering mechanism (28) is transmitted to the drive wheels (34) of the left and right traveling unit (2) via the gear differential mechanism (33), and the left and right traveling units ( In the operation device of a combine that turns the aircraft by changing the rotation of 2),in frontSet the main shift lever (68) to a state other than the neutralThe steering handle in the operated state (19) TheWhen you operateThe hydraulic steering mechanism (28) Rotation ofWhile being transmitted to the gear differential mechanism (33),SaidMain shift lever (68) in neutralThe steering handle in the operated state (19) TheWhen you operateThe hydraulic steering mechanism (28) Rotation ofThe gear differential mechanism (33) is not transmitted, and the steering operation force of the steering handle (19) is transmitted to the hydraulic steering mechanism (28) via the inconstant speed gears (114, 116). The inconstant speed gears (114, 116) are provided so as to increase the rising output at the initial stage of the operation from the neutral position of the steering handle (19).
[0004]
  In addition, the driving force from the engine (21) is transmitted to the traveling unit (2) via the hydraulic transmission mechanism (25) and the auxiliary transmission mechanism (32) to allow the vehicle to travel freely, and the main transmission lever (68 ), The travel control arm (72) is operated by the forward / backward operation, and the first hydraulic motor (24) of the hydraulic transmission mechanism (25) is operated, and the steering handle (19) is used for steering. The control arm (73) is operated to operate the second hydraulic motor (27) of the hydraulic steering mechanism (28), and the rotation of the second hydraulic motor (27) is transmitted via the gear differential mechanism (33). In the operation device of the combine that is transmitted to the drive wheels (34) of the left and right traveling unit (2), and the body is turned by changing the rotation of the left and right traveling unit (2),
  A universal joint shaft (88) for connecting between the output shaft (86) of the main transmission lever (68) and the transmission arm (84) connected to the traveling control arm (72); Steering handle(19)The other universal joint shaft (89) connecting between the output shaft (87) and the steering arm (85) connected to the steering control arm (73), and the transmission arm (84) The steering arm (85) is supported via a swing shaft (82) and a swing cylindrical shaft (83) outside the swing shaft (82), and the one universal joint shaft (88). The joint on the side of the speed change arm (84) and the joint on the side of the steering arm (85) of the other universal joint shaft (89) are positioned as close as possible, and the main speed change The steering handle is operated in a state where the lever arm (84) is operated by pushing and pulling the one universal joint shaft (88) by moving the lever (68) forward and backward to a state other than neutral.(19)Is operated, the steering arm (85) is rotated by the push-pull movement of the other universal joint shaft (89), whereby the steering control arm (73) is operated.The hydraulic steering mechanism (28) The hydraulic steering Structure (28) Second hydraulic motor (27) RotationIs transmitted to the gear differential mechanism (33), and the one universal joint shaft (88) is pushed and pulled by operating the main transmission lever (68) to a neutral state. The steering handle with the speed change arm (84) operated(19), The steering arm (85) does not rotate depending on the push-pull movement of the other universal joint shaft (89), and the steering control arm (73)Does not operate, the second hydraulic motor (27) Does not rotate, rotatesIs not transmitted to the gear differential mechanism (33), and the steering handle(19)The steering operation force is transmitted to the hydraulic steering mechanism (28) via the inconstant speed gear (114, 116), and the inconstant speed gear (114, 116) is connected to the steering handle (19). The rising output at the initial stage of the operation from the neutral position is made large.
[0005]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
  Embodiments of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is an explanatory plan view of a steering handle, FIG. 2 is an overall side view of the combine, FIG. 3 is a plan view thereof, and (1) is a track frame for mounting a traveling crawler (2), (3 ) Is a machine base installed on the track frame (1), and (4) is a threshing machine that has a feed chain (5) stretched to the left and incorporates a handling cylinder (6) and a processing cylinder (7). (8) is a cutting part provided with a cutting blade (9) and a grain conveying mechanism (10), (11) is a hydraulic cylinder for raising and lowering the cutting part (8) via a cutting frame (12), (13 ) Is a waste processing section that faces the end of the waste chain (14), (15) is a grain tank that carries the grain from the threshing section (4) through the milling cylinder (16), A discharge auger that transports the grain of the tank (15) out of the machine, (18) is a round steering handle (19) and Seats (20) operating cabin comprising etc., constitute (21) as is an engine provided with the operating cabin (18) downward, threshing continuously harvests culms.
[0006]
  As shown in FIG. 4, the transmission case (22) for driving the travel crawler (2) is a main transmission mechanism comprising a pair of first hydraulic pump (23) and first hydraulic motor (24). A hydraulic continuously variable transmission mechanism (25) and a turning hydraulic continuously variable transmission mechanism (28) which is a steering mechanism including a pair of second hydraulic pump (26) and a second hydraulic motor (27). And the input shaft (29) of the first and second hydraulic pumps (23), (26) is linked to the output shaft (21a) of the engine (21) via the transmission belt (30), and these hydraulic pumps ( 23) The driving of (26) is performed.
[0007]
  The drive shaft (34) of the traveling crawler (2) is interlockedly connected to the output shaft (31) of the first hydraulic motor (24) via the subtransmission mechanism (32) and the differential mechanism (33). The differential mechanism (33) has a pair of left and right symmetrical planetary gear mechanisms (35) and (35). Each planetary gear mechanism (35) has one sun gear (36) and an outer periphery of the sun gear (36). Are formed by three planetary gears (37) meshed with each other and a ring gear (38) meshed with these planetary gears (37).
[0008]
  The planetary gear (37) is rotatably supported by the carrier (41) of the carrier shaft (40) coaxial with the sun gear shaft (39), and the left and right sun gears (36) (36) are sandwiched between the left and right carriers. The ring gear (38) has an inner tooth (38a) that meshes with each planetary gear (37) and is arranged on the same axis as the sun gear shaft (39), so that the carrier shaft (40 ) Is rotatably supported.
[0009]
  The traveling hydraulic continuously variable transmission mechanism (25) performs forward / reverse rotation and rotation speed control of the first hydraulic motor (24) by adjusting and changing the angle of the rotary swash plate of the first hydraulic pump (23). Thus, the rotational output of the first hydraulic motor (24) is transmitted from the transmission gear (42) of the output shaft (31) through the gears (43) (44) (45) and the auxiliary transmission mechanism (32) to the sun gear shaft ( The sun gear (36) is rotated by being transmitted to the center gear (46) fixed to 39). The auxiliary transmission mechanism (32) includes an auxiliary transmission shaft (47) having the gear (45) and a parking brake shaft (49) having a gear (48) meshing with the center gear (46). A pair of low speed gears (50) (48), medium speed gears (51) (52), and high speed gears (53) (54) are provided between the shaft (47) and the brake shaft (49). It is configured to enable switching between low speed, medium speed, and high speed by sliding the gear (51) at the center position (note that it has neutrality between low speed and medium speed and between medium speed and high speed). is there). The brake shaft (49) is provided with a vehicle speed detection gear (55) and a vehicle speed sensor (56) for detecting the vehicle speed from the rotational speed of the gear (55). The transmission gear (42) of the output shaft (31) is meshedly connected to the PTO input gear (58) of the cutting PTO shaft (57) that transmits the rotational force to the cutting unit (8).
[0010]
  The driving force from the first hydraulic motor (24) transmitted to the sun gear shaft (39) via the center gear (46) is transmitted to the carrier shaft (40) via the left and right planetary gear mechanisms (35). The rotation transmitted to the carrier shaft (40) is transmitted to the left and right wheel shafts (34a) of the left and right drive wheels (34) via a pair of left and right reduction gears (60) and (61), respectively.
[0011]
  Further, the turning hydraulic continuously variable transmission mechanism (28) controls the forward and reverse rotation of the second hydraulic motor (27) and the rotational speed by adjusting the angle change of the rotary swash plate of the second hydraulic pump (26). The rotation output is transmitted from the output gear of the output shaft (62) of the second hydraulic motor (27) to the input gears (65a) and (65b) of the swing input shaft (64) via the gear transmission mechanism (63). Is transmitted directly to the outer teeth (38b) of the ring gear (38) and to the outer teeth (38b) of the left ring gear (38) via the reverse gear (67) of the reverse shaft (66). Thus, when the second hydraulic motor (27) is rotated forward, the left and right ring gears (38) are configured to rotate the left gear (38) forward and the right gear (38) reversely at the same left and right rotational speed.
[0012]
  Thus, when the driving of the first hydraulic motor (24) for driving is performed in a state where the driving of the second hydraulic motor (27) for turning is stopped and the left and right ring gears (38) are fixed stationary, the first hydraulic pressure is obtained. The rotational output from the motor (24) is transmitted from the center gear (46) to the left and right sun gears (36) at the same rotational speed, and the planetary gear (37), carrier (41) and reduction gear (60) of the left and right planetary gear mechanism (35). ) (61) is transmitted to the left and right wheel axles (34a) at the same rotational speed in the same direction of left and right, so that the aircraft moves straight forward and backward. On the other hand, when the driving of the first hydraulic motor (24) for traveling is stopped and the left and right sun gears (36) are stationary, the second hydraulic motor (27) for turning is driven to rotate forward and reverse. The planetary gear mechanism (35) is rotated forward or backward, and the right planetary gear mechanism (35) is rotated backward or forward so that the driving direction of the left and right traveling crawler (2) is reversed in the front-rear direction. Spin-turn on the spot.
[0013]
  Further, when the aircraft is turned left and right by driving the second hydraulic motor (27) for turning while driving the first hydraulic motor (24) for traveling, it is possible to enable turning with a large turning radius. The turning radius is determined according to the speed of the left and right traveling crawler (2).
[0014]
  As shown in FIGS. 5 to 13, the main transmission lever (68) connected to the traveling hydraulic continuously variable transmission mechanism (25) and the steering connected to the turning hydraulic continuously variable transmission mechanism (28). The steering wheel (19) is linked and connected to the gear shifting and turning interlocking mechanism (69), and the interlocking mechanism (69) is traveled and steered via the link mechanism (70) (71) which is a traveling gear shifting and steering link system. Are connected to the arms (72) (73) which are control levers of the continuously variable transmission mechanism (25) (28).
[0015]
  The interlocking mechanism (69) includes a rotating plate (75) for supporting the base end bent portion (68a) of the main transmission lever (68) on the cylindrical shaft (74) so as to be swingable in the left-right direction, and the main body side machine. A fixed mounting plate (78) fixed to a frame (76) and supporting the rotating plate (75) through a first pivot (77) in the left-right direction so as to be capable of pivoting back and forth, and the pivot (77). A speed change operation member (80) that is connected to a rotating plate (75) through a second pivot (79) in the front-rear direction orthogonal to the shaft (79) and is rotatable about the shaft (79), and the second pivot (79) ) And a steering operation member (81) that is pivotally connected around the axis of the gear, and the second pivot (79) of the speed change and steering operation members (80) and (81) is each operation output portion at an eccentric position. (80a) (81a) are interlockingly connected to the speed change and steering link mechanism (70) (71).
[0016]
  The shift and steering link mechanisms (70) (71) are supported on the frame (76) side of the machine mechanism (69) via the swinging cylinder shaft (83) outside the swinging shaft (82) at the rear position of the interlocking mechanism (69). A transmission arm (84), a steering arm (85) which is a turning output reversing means for fixing a base end to the swing shaft (82), and each output shaft (80a) (81a) 86) (87) and universal joint shafts (88) (89) connecting the arms (84) (85), and a steering output arm (91) fixed to the right end of the swing shaft (82). A first swing arm (95) (96) for shifting and steering provided rotatably on an intermediate shaft (94) attached to a fulcrum bearing (93) of a pivot fulcrum shaft (92) of the operating cabin (18). The tips of the arms (84) (91) and the first swing arms (95) (96) are connected to each other. And a universal joint type first rod (97) (98) for shifting and steering, and a first gear for shifting and steering provided on the intermediate shaft (94) and integrally connected to the first swing arm (95) (96). Two swinging arm (99) (100) and a shift and steering cylinder shaft (103) (103) (which is rotatably supported by a support shaft (102) attached to the bearing plate (101) on the transmission case (22). 104) and the distal ends of the first swing arm (105) (106) and the second swing arm (99) (100), the base ends of which are fixed to the cylindrical shafts (103) (104), are connected. Universal joint-type second rods (107) (108) for shifting and steering, second swinging arms (109) (110) having base ends fixed to the cylindrical shafts (103) (104), and the control Shifting and steering gears for connecting the tips of the arms (72) and (73) Joint-type third rods (111) and (112), and the traveling control arm (72) is moved by the rotation of the speed change operation member (80) about the first pivot (77). The steering control arm (73) is operated by turning the steering operating member (81) about the second pivot (79) to perform speed change and steering control.
[0017]
  On the other hand, a gear (114) is provided on the handle operating shaft (113) at the lower end of the steering handle (19), and the gear (114) is engaged with a sector gear (116) attached to the rear rotating shaft (115). A first swing arm (118) of a steering shaft (117) disposed below the position of the main transmission lever (68), and an output arm (119) having a base end fixed to the rotating shaft (115). A second swinging arm integrated with the first swinging arm (118) of the steering shaft (117) is connected between the respective ends via a universal joint type steering first rod (120) which is a steering link mechanism. (121) is connected to the front end of the universal joint shaft (89) via a universal joint type steering second rod (122), and the second pivot (79) is connected by rotating the handle (19). The steering operation member (81) is rotated as the center. It is configured so as.
[0018]
  Further, a neutral positioning plate (123) is provided below the gear (114) of the handle operating shaft (113), and one end of the steering detection link (125) is attached to the protruding shaft (124) on the lower surface of the positioning plate (123). And the first swing arm (127) of the reduction arm shaft (126) disposed on the right side of the rotation shaft (115) and the other end long hole (125a) of the detection link (125) are connected to the shaft ( 128), and a universal joint which is a speed reduction link mechanism between the tips of the speed reduction arm (129) of the steering shaft (117) and the second swing arm (130) of the speed reduction arm axis (126). The first speed reduction rod (131) is connected, and the rightmost speed reduction transmission shaft (132) of the speed change operation member (80) and the other end of the second swing arm (130) are connected with a universal joint type second speed reduction rod. Connect at (133) and run State is configured so as to decelerate the steering amount to pull the second reduction rod enough to a large (133) below the running speed of the handle (19).
[0019]
  Thus, a universal joint of the second pivot (79) that allows the shifting and steering operation members (80) and (81) to rotate about the axis, the steering arm (85), and the joint shaft (89). And the universal joint portion (88b) (89b) between the operation output shaft (86) (87) and the universal joint shaft (88) (89). ) And the first pivot (77) are positioned on a horizontal horizontal line (L2) orthogonal to the line (L1), and a universal joint portion (88a) between the transmission arm (84) and the joint shaft (88). ) And the joint part (89a) are positioned on a horizontal horizontal line (L3) parallel to the line (L2), and the joint part (88a) is as close as possible to the joint part (89a) (maximum In the main shift lever (68) and the steering handle (19) Even if any one of these is operated during holding, each operating member (80) (81) is only rotated around the axis of the first and second pivots (77) (79). 88) (89) does not apply an operating force.
[0020]
  As shown in FIG. 10, when the main transmission lever (68) is moved forward and backward, when the operation member (80) is tilted back and forth by an angle (α1) (α2) about the first pivot (77), the joint shaft ( 88) is pulled or pushed to operate the speed change arm (84) to switch the traveling speed forward and backward, and as shown in FIG. 11, it is operated during this state (when the main speed change lever (68) is other than neutral). When the operating member (81) is tilted up and down by an angle (β1) (β2) about the second pivot (79) by rotating the direction handle (19), the steering shaft (89) is pulled or pushed to operate the steering arm ( 85) is operated to turn the aircraft left and right. That is, even if the turning operation is performed at the neutral position of the main speed, the joint shaft (89) moves on the conical surface centered on the line (L1), and the distance between the joint portions (89a) and (89b) does not change. Therefore, the steering arm (85) does not operate. Then, the steering arm (85) operates when the turning operation is performed at a position other than the neutral of the main speed change, and when switching to the forward / reverse operation, the steering arm (85) operates in the backward / forward direction, and the second hydraulic motor. The rotation of (27) is configured to be reversed in the forward and reverse directions.
[0021]
  In other words, if the forward rotation of the first hydraulic motor (24) for traveling is defined as forward travel, the planetary gear mechanism (35) by the second hydraulic motor (27) for rotation during reverse travel during reverse rotation is the forward travel. When the first hydraulic motor (24) rotates backward (reverse), the second hydraulic pump (in order to match the turning direction of the machine body by the operation of the handle (19) during forward movement and reverse movement is reversed. 26) by switching the swash plate angle to the opposite direction (the rotation direction of the input shafts of the first and second hydraulic pumps (23) and (26) is constant), the rotation of the second hydraulic motor (27) is made forward and backward. Sometimes it is the opposite direction.
[0022]
  That is, in this case, the operation member (80) during the forward operation is tilted to the angle (α1) ahead of the neutral position, and the second rod (122) is pulled by the right rotation operation of the handle (19), thereby operating the operation member (81). Is tilted to the downward angle (β2) side, the output portion (81a) of the operating member (81) is brought closer to the steering arm (85) side, and the steering arm (85) is centered on the swing shaft (82). ) In a direction away from the operation member (81) (counterclockwise in FIG. 6), and the control arm (73) is rotated downward via the first and second rods (98) (108). Then, the second hydraulic motor (27) for turning is rotated forward. That is, the aircraft is turned to the right (the speed of the traveling crawler (2) is large on the left side and small on the right side).
[0023]
  Further, during the forward operation described above, when the second rod (122) is pushed up by the left turning operation of the handle (19) and the operation member (81) is tilted to the upward angle (β1) side, the operation member (81) The output portion (81a) is further away from the operation arm (85) side, and the steering arm (85) is moved closer to the operation member (81) side about the swing shaft (82) (clockwise in FIG. 6). The second hydraulic motor (27) is rotated in the reverse direction by rotating the control arm (73) in the upward direction. In other words, the aircraft is turned leftward (the speed of the traveling crawler (2) is large on the right side and small on the left side).
[0024]
  Further, the operation member (80) during the backward operation is inclined toward the angle (α2) behind the neutral position, and the second rod (122) is pulled by the right rotation operation of the handle (19) to lower the operation member (81). When tilting to the direction angle (β2) side, the output portion (81a) of the operating member (81) is moved away from the steering arm (85) side, and the steering arm (85) is centered on the swing shaft (82). The second hydraulic motor (27) is rotated in the reverse direction by rotating in the direction approaching the operation member (81) (clockwise in FIG. 6), rotating the control arm (73) upward. That is, the aircraft turns backward and turns right (the speed of the traveling crawler (2) is large on the left side and small on the right side).
[0025]
  Furthermore, contrary to the above, when the operation member (81) is tilted to the upward angle (β1) side by the left rotation operation of the handle (19) during the reverse operation, the output portion of the operation member (81) (81a) is moved closer to the operating member (81) side, and the steering arm (85) is rotated in the direction away from the operating member (81) (counterclockwise in FIG. 6) about the swing shaft (82). The control arm (73) is rotated downward, and the second hydraulic motor (27) is rotated forward. In other words, the aircraft is turned backward to turn left (the speed of the traveling crawler (2) is large on the right side and small on the left side).
[0026]
  Thus, in the turning operation at the time of forward and backward movement, the movement of the steering arm (85) is reversed, and the turning operation direction of the steering handle (19) and the direction of the machine body are both forward and backward. This is to match the turning direction.
[0027]
  Further, as shown in FIG. 1, the detection link (125) provided on the steering handle (19) has the first swing arm (127) angled in the same direction (θ) in either the right or left turn operation from the neutral position. ), The second deceleration rod (133) is always pulled, and when the operation member (80) during forward operation is inclined to the angle (α1) side, the joint portions (88a) (88b) ), And when the operation member (80) during reverse operation is inclined to the angle (α2) side, the distance between the joint portions (88a) (88b) is increased to increase the speed change arm (84). Are respectively displaced toward the low speed side in the neutral direction, and the vehicle is decelerated in accordance with the turning amount.
[0028]
  Further, the center of the universal joints (97a) and (98a) of the first rods (97) and (98) and the swing arms (95) and (96) for transmitting the operating force for shifting and steering are arranged in the driving cabin (18 ) To coincide with the position of the pivot fulcrum shaft (92) so that the driving cabin (18) can be rotated in the forward direction without removing these operating systems in the neutral holding of shifting and steering. It is composed.
[0029]
  As shown in FIGS. 4 and 14, the first and second hydraulic pumps (23) and (26) and the first and second hydraulic motors (24) and (27) are respectively connected to loop hydraulic circuits (134) and (135). The output shafts (31) and (62) of the first and second hydraulic motors (24) and (27) are connected to the output shaft (31) by the operation of the solenoid valves (136) and (137). A parking brake (138) for stopping and moving straight and (139) for fixedly moving and turning is provided, and the parking brake shaft (49) is a parking brake for holding the brake shaft (49) stationary. A device (140) is provided.
[0030]
  By the way, as shown in FIGS. 15 to 18, the pair of gears (114) (116) for transmitting the steering output of the steering handle (19) to the speed change mechanism (28) are non-circular non-uniform speed. A gear is formed to transmit the steering output of the handle (19) at a non-uniform speed. The distance from the shaft (113) to the tooth portion is part of the circumference of the gear (114) of the operation shaft (113). A longer diameter portion (114a) longer than the others is formed so as to protrude, and a shorter diameter portion (116a) having a shorter distance from the shaft (115) to the tooth portion is formed in the center of the circumference of the sector gear (116). (19) When the long diameter portion (114a) and the short diameter portion (116a) are connected to each other at the neutral position, the handle angle at the initial stage of operation of the handle (19) is as shown in the line (A) of FIG. When it is small, the steering output is much larger than the conventional constant speed gear. It is transmitted to Ruamu (73), the operation initial rise of the handle (19) by a large, and configured to perform swivel obtained by sensitive to the initial operation of the handle (19).
[0031]
  Further, in FIG. 19, contrary to the above, a short-diameter portion (114b) having a shorter distance from the shaft (113) to the tooth portion is formed on a part of the circumference of the gear (114) than the others, and a sector gear ( 116), a long-diameter portion (116b) having a long distance from the shaft (115) to the tooth portion is formed at the circumferential center of the handle (19). ) In a coupled state, and as shown in the line (B) of FIG. 18, the initial rise of the handle (19) is made small, and a turn that is insensitive to the initial operation of the handle (19) is performed. It is configured as follows.
[0032]
  As a result, for example, in the condition that the aircraft starts actual turning when the handle angle is 30 °, the handle angle becomes approximately 18 ° in the case where the rising output at the initial stage of operation is increased. In addition, when it becomes approximately 40 ° in the thing to be made small, the actual turning can be started, and the turning work optimally adapted to the thermal kneading degree and personality of the worker can be made possible It is.
[0033]
  FIG. 18 corresponds to the handle angle when the handle (19) is turned left or right, and the arm angle represents the swing angle of the control arm (73).
[0034]
【The invention's effect】
  As is apparent from the above embodiments, the present invention according to claim 1 transmits the driving force from the engine (21) to the traveling unit (2) via the hydraulic transmission mechanism (25) and the auxiliary transmission mechanism (32). The airframe is made to travel freely, and the hydraulic transmission mechanism (25) is switched between forward and backward movements by moving the main transmission lever (68) forward and backward, and the steering handle (19) is used for steering control. The arm (73) is operated to operate the hydraulic steering mechanism (28), and the rotation of the hydraulic steering mechanism (28) is driven through the gear differential mechanism (33) to drive the left and right traveling unit (2). In the operation device of the combine that is transmitted to the wheel (34) and the rotation of the left and right traveling part (2) is made to turn the body,in frontSet the main shift lever (68) to a state other than the neutralThe steering handle in the operated state (19) TheWhen you operateThe hydraulic steering mechanism (28) Rotation ofWhile being transmitted to the gear differential mechanism (33),SaidMain shift lever (68) in neutralThe steering handle in the operated state (19) TheWhen you operateThe hydraulic steering mechanism (28) Rotation ofThe gear differential mechanism (33) is not transmitted, and the steering operation force of the steering handle (19) is transmitted to the hydraulic steering mechanism (28) via the inconstant speed gears (114, 116). Since the inconstant speed gears (114, 116) are provided so as to increase the initial output of the operation in the operation from the neutral position of the steering handle (19), The steering wheel (19) is operated with a sensitive turn with a larger turning amount of the aircraft than the conventional operation amount for a certain initial operation amount, thereby enabling a quick and good steering operation without causing a turning delay or the like. It is something that can be done.
[0035]
  According to the second aspect of the present invention, the driving force from the engine (21) is transmitted to the traveling section (2) via the hydraulic transmission mechanism (25) and the auxiliary transmission mechanism (32) so that the machine body can be freely shifted. The travel control arm (72) is operated by the forward / reverse operation of the main transmission lever (68) to operate the first hydraulic motor (24) of the hydraulic transmission mechanism (25). The steering control arm (73) is operated by the steering handle (19) to operate the second hydraulic motor (27) of the hydraulic steering mechanism (28), and the second hydraulic motor (27) is rotated. Is transmitted to the drive wheels (34) of the left and right traveling section (2) through the gear differential mechanism (33), and the rotation of the left and right traveling section (2) is made different to turn the fuselage. In the operating device, while connecting the output shaft (86) of the main transmission lever (68) and the transmission arm (84) connected to the traveling control arm (72) Together comprise a universal joint shaft (88), the steering handle(19)The other universal joint shaft (89) connecting between the output shaft (87) and the steering arm (85) connected to the steering control arm (73), and the transmission arm (84) The steering arm (85) is supported via a swing shaft (82) and a swing cylindrical shaft (83) outside the swing shaft (82), and the one universal joint shaft (88). The joint on the side of the speed change arm (84) and the joint on the side of the steering arm (85) of the other universal joint shaft (89) are positioned as close as possible, and the main speed change The steering handle is operated in a state where the lever arm (84) is operated by pushing and pulling the one universal joint shaft (88) by moving the lever (68) forward and backward to a state other than neutral.(19)Is operated, the steering arm (85) is rotated by the push-pull movement of the other universal joint shaft (89), whereby the steering control arm (73) is operated.The hydraulic steering mechanism (28) The hydraulic steering mechanism (28) Second hydraulic motor (27) RotationIs transmitted to the gear differential mechanism (33), and the one universal joint shaft (88) is pushed and pulled by operating the main transmission lever (68) to a neutral state. The steering handle with the speed change arm (84) operated(19), The steering arm (85) does not rotate depending on the push-pull movement of the other universal joint shaft (89), and the steering control arm (73)Does not operate, the second hydraulic motor (27) Does not rotate, rotatesIs not transmitted to the gear differential mechanism (33), and the steering handle(19)The steering operation force is transmitted to the hydraulic steering mechanism (28) via the inconstant speed gear (114, 116), and the inconstant speed gear (114, 116) is connected to the steering handle (19). Therefore, the amount of turning of the fuselage is larger than the conventional amount for a certain amount of initial operation of the handle (19). It is possible to perform a quick and good steering operation without causing a turning delay or the like by performing the sensitive turning.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is an explanatory plan view of a steering handle portion.
FIG. 2 is an overall side view of the combine.
FIG. 3 is an overall plan view of the combine.
FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of a mission drive system.
FIG. 5 is a perspective explanatory view of an operation system of a main transmission lever and a steering handle.
FIG. 6 is a side explanatory view of a traveling speed change and steering operation unit.
FIG. 7 is an explanatory front view of an operation unit.
FIG. 8 is an explanatory plan view of an operation unit.
FIG. 9 is an explanatory side view of an operation unit.
FIG. 10 is an explanatory side view of an operation member.
FIG. 11 is a front explanatory view of an operation member.
FIG. 12 is an explanatory plan view of an operation member.
FIG. 13 is an explanatory plan view of a link mechanism unit.
FIG. 14 is a hydraulic circuit diagram.
FIG. 15 is an explanatory plan view of an inconstant speed gear.
FIG. 16 is a perspective explanatory view showing a neutral coupling state of the inconstant speed gear.
FIG. 17 is an explanatory perspective view showing a swivel coupling state of an inconstant speed gear.
FIG. 18 is a diagram showing the relationship between the handle angle and the control arm angle.
FIG. 19 is another explanatory diagram of an inconstant speed gear.
[Explanation of symbols]
(19) Steering handle
(21) Engine
(25) Transmission mechanism
(28) Speed change mechanism (steering mechanism)
(33) Differential mechanism
(114) (116) Inconstant speed gear

Claims (2)

エンジン(21)からの駆動力を油圧変速機構(25)及び副変速機構(32)を介し走行部(2)に伝達して機体を変速自在に走行させ、主変速レバー(68)の前後進操作で油圧変速機構(25)の前後進の切換えを行うようにしていると共に、操向ハンドル(19)で操向用コントロールアーム(73)を動作させて油圧操向機構(28)を動作させており、当該油圧操向機構(28)の回転をギヤ差動機構(33)を介して左右走行部(2)の駆動輪(34)に伝達して、左右走行部(2)の回転を異ならせて機体の旋回を行うようにしたコンバインの操作装置において、
記主変速レバー(68)を前後進操作の中立以外の状態に操作した状態で前記操向ハンドル (19) 操作すると、前記油圧操向機構 (28) の回転が前記ギヤ差動機構(33)に伝達されるようになっていると共に、前記主変速レバー(68)を中立状態に操作した状態で前記操向ハンドル (19) 操作すると、前記油圧操向機構 (28) の回転が前記ギヤ差動機構(33)に伝達されないようになっており、
前記操向ハンドル(19)の操向操作力を不等速ギヤ(114,116)を介して油圧操向機構(28)に伝達するようになっており、
前記不等速ギヤ(114,116)は、前記操向ハンドル(19)の中立位置からの操作における操作初期の立上り出力を大とさせるように設けられていることを特徴とするコンバインの操作装置。
The driving force from the engine (21) is transmitted to the traveling unit (2) via the hydraulic transmission mechanism (25) and the auxiliary transmission mechanism (32) to allow the vehicle to travel freely, and the main transmission lever (68) moves forward and backward. The hydraulic speed change mechanism (25) is switched between forward and backward operation, and the steering control arm (73) is operated with the steering handle (19) to operate the hydraulic steering mechanism (28). The rotation of the left and right traveling unit (2) is transmitted to the drive wheels (34) of the left and right traveling unit (2) through the gear differential mechanism (33). In the operation device of the combine that is made to turn the aircraft differently,
Wherein when operating the steering wheel (19) while operating in a state other than the neutral forward-reverse operation the previous SL main speed change lever (68), the rotation of the hydraulic steering mechanism (28) is the gear differential mechanism ( together is adapted to be transferred to the 33), wherein by operating the steering wheel (19) while operating the main speed change lever (68) in the neutral state, the rotation of the hydraulic steering mechanism (28) Is not transmitted to the gear differential mechanism (33),
The steering operation force of the steering handle (19) is transmitted to the hydraulic steering mechanism (28) via the inconstant speed gears (114, 116),
The combine operating device according to claim 1, wherein the non-constant speed gears (114, 116) are provided so as to increase a rising output at an initial stage of the operation from the neutral position of the steering handle (19).
エンジン(21)からの駆動力を油圧変速機構(25)及び副変速機構(32)を介し走行部(2)に伝達して機体を変速自在に走行させており、主変速レバー(68)の前後進操作で走行用コントロールアーム(72)を動作させて油圧変速機構(25)の第1油圧モータ(24)を動作させるようにしていると共に、操向ハンドル(19)で操向用コントロールアーム(73)を動作させて油圧操向機構(28)の第2油圧モータ(27)を動作させており、当該第2油圧モータ(27)の回転をギヤ差動機構(33)を介して左右走行部(2)の駆動輪(34)に伝達して、左右走行部(2)の回転を異ならせて機体の旋回を行うようにしたコンバインの操作装置において、
前記主変速レバー(68)の出力軸(86)と前記走行用コントロールアーム(72)に連結された変速アーム(84)との間を連結する一方の自在継手軸(88)を備えると共に、前記操向ハンドル(19)の出力軸(87)と前記操向用コントロールアーム(73)に連結された操向アーム(85)との間を連結する他方の自在継手軸(89)を備え、
前記変速アーム(84)と前記操向アーム(85)を、揺動軸(82)及び当該揺動軸(82)の外側の揺動筒軸(83)を介して軸支すると共に、前記一方の自在継手軸(88)の前記変速アーム(84)側の継手部と、前記他方の自在継手軸(89)の操向アーム(85)側の継手部とを可及的に接近させた状態に位置させ、
前記主変速レバー(68)を中立以外の状態に前後進操作することで前記一方の自在継手軸(88)を押し引きして前記変速アーム(84)を動作させた状態で前記操向ハンドル(19)を操作すると、前記他方の自在継手軸(89)の押し引きの動きによって前記操向アーム(85)が回転し、これにより前記操向用コントロールアーム(73)が動作して前記油圧操向機構 (28) が作動し、当該油圧操向機構 (28) の第2油圧モータ (27) の回転が前記ギヤ差動機構(33)に伝達されるようになっていると共に、前記主変速レバー(68)を中立状態に操作することで前記一方の自在継手軸(88)を押し引きして前記変速アーム(84)を動作させた状態で前記操向ハンドル(19)を操作すると、前記他方の自在継手軸(89)の押し引きの動きによっては前記操向アーム(85)が回転せず、前記操向用コントロールアーム(73)が動作しないので、前記第2油圧モータ (27) は回転せず、回転が前記ギヤ差動機構(33)に伝達されないようになっており、
前記操向ハンドル(19)の操向操作力を不等速ギヤ(114,116)を介して油圧操向機構(28)に伝達されるようになっており、
前記不等速ギヤ(114,116)は、前記操向ハンドル(19)の中立位置からの操作における操作初期の立上り出力を大とさせるように設けられていることを特徴とするコンバインの操作装置。
The driving force from the engine (21) is transmitted to the traveling unit (2) via the hydraulic transmission mechanism (25) and the auxiliary transmission mechanism (32) to allow the vehicle to travel freely, and the main transmission lever (68) The travel control arm (72) is operated by the forward / backward operation to operate the first hydraulic motor (24) of the hydraulic transmission mechanism (25), and the steering control arm is operated by the steering handle (19). (73) is operated to operate the second hydraulic motor (27) of the hydraulic steering mechanism (28), and the rotation of the second hydraulic motor (27) is changed to the left and right via the gear differential mechanism (33). In the operation device of the combine that is transmitted to the drive wheel (34) of the traveling unit (2) and the left and right traveling unit (2) is rotated to turn the fuselage,
A universal joint shaft (88) for connecting between the output shaft (86) of the main transmission lever (68) and the transmission arm (84) connected to the traveling control arm (72); The other universal joint shaft (89) connecting the output shaft (87 ) of the steering handle (19) and the steering arm (85) connected to the steering control arm (73),
The shift arm (84) and the steering arm (85) are pivotally supported via a swinging shaft (82) and a swinging cylindrical shaft (83) outside the swinging shaft (82). The joint portion of the universal joint shaft (88) on the shift arm (84) side and the joint portion of the other universal joint shaft (89) on the steering arm (85) side are brought as close as possible Located in
The steering handle in a state where the main speed change lever (68) is operated the change arm pushing and pulling one of the universal joint shaft (88) said by reverse operation prior to a state other than the neutral (84) and ( 19) , the steering arm (85) is rotated by the push-pull movement of the other universal joint shaft (89), whereby the steering control arm (73) is operated to operate the hydraulic operation. counter mechanism (28) is activated, the rotation of the second hydraulic motor of the hydraulic steering mechanism (28) (27) is adapted to be transmitted to the gear differential mechanism (33), said main transmission When the steering handle (19) is operated in a state where the shift arm (84) is operated by pushing and pulling the one universal joint shaft (88) by operating the lever (68) to the neutral state, Depending on the push-pull movement of the other universal joint shaft (89), the steering arm (85) does not rotate, and the steering control arm (73) since no work, the second hydraulic motor (27) does not rotate, and so as not to be transmitted to the rotating said gear differential mechanism (33),
The steering operation force of the steering handle (19) is transmitted to the hydraulic steering mechanism (28) through the inconstant speed gears (114, 116),
The combine operating device according to claim 1, wherein the non-constant speed gears (114, 116) are provided so as to increase a rising output at an initial stage of the operation from the neutral position of the steering handle (19).
JP23776797A 1997-08-18 1997-08-18 Combine operating device Expired - Fee Related JP3898297B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

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JP23776797A JP3898297B2 (en) 1997-08-18 1997-08-18 Combine operating device

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JP1997025920 Division 1997-01-23 1997-01-23

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