JP3884002B2 - Greening materials - Google Patents

Greening materials Download PDF

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JP3884002B2
JP3884002B2 JP2003368185A JP2003368185A JP3884002B2 JP 3884002 B2 JP3884002 B2 JP 3884002B2 JP 2003368185 A JP2003368185 A JP 2003368185A JP 2003368185 A JP2003368185 A JP 2003368185A JP 3884002 B2 JP3884002 B2 JP 3884002B2
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biodegradable resin
resin emulsion
emulsion
parts
powder
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JP2005130732A (en
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和久 池田
健治 海老原
正博 矢野
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Aica Kogyo Co Ltd
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Description

本発明は緑化資材に関するものであり,詳しくは海岸,造成地,道路,堤防,その他空き地などの土壌の安定化,或いは緑化のために適用される緑化資材に関するものである。   The present invention relates to a greening material, and more particularly to a greening material applied for stabilization of soil such as a coast, a land for development, a road, a dike, and other vacant land, or greening.

埋め立て地,造成地,道路,堤防,その他空き地など,特に新規に設けられたものでは,強い風や風向きによって粉塵が飛散して生活環境が悪くなる,風雨によって土壌が侵食して斜面が崩壊するなどの問題から,速やかに土壌を安定化することが求められる。
防塵対策として水を散布する方法や藁や保護マットで覆う方法,防風用垣根を設ける方法などが採用されてきた。しかし,効果が持続しない,作業に時間,手間が掛かりすぎる,などの課題があつた。
In newly-developed landfills, reclaimed land, roads, dikes, and other vacant land, dust is scattered by strong winds and wind directions, and the living environment is deteriorated. Because of these problems, it is necessary to stabilize the soil quickly.
As a dust-proof measure, methods such as spraying water, covering with straw and protective mats, and providing a windbreak fence have been adopted. However, there were issues such as the effects not lasting and the work taking too much time and effort.

このため,近年,樹脂エマルジョンの希釈溶液を散布して砂塵を防止したり,樹脂エマルジンに草花などの種子を配合した緑化材を土壌表面に塗布して緑化する方法が採用されるようになってきた。
しかしながら,樹脂エマルジョンは散布したものが生分解しないために,そのまま残留して環境汚染の原因になる,樹脂エマルジョンのタイプによっては発芽しない,或いは種子が発芽してから繁茂するまでの間に降雨,風などにより土壌が侵食したり,種子,苗などが流失したり,枯死するなどのために植生がうまくいかないなどの問題があり,その対策が求められている。
For this reason, in recent years, a method has been adopted in which a diluted solution of a resin emulsion is sprayed to prevent sand dust, or a greening material in which resin emerald is mixed with seeds such as flowers is applied to the soil surface. It was.
However, since the sprayed resin emulsion does not biodegrade, it remains as it is and causes environmental pollution. Depending on the type of resin emulsion, it does not germinate, or it rains before the seeds germinate, There are problems such as poor vegetation due to soil erosion caused by wind, seeds and seedlings being washed away, and death, and countermeasures are required.

例えば,特公昭47−47324号では,可塑剤としてジブチルフタレートを含む酢酸ビニル樹脂系エマルジョンに種子或いは根茎を混合したものを土壌表面に散布または吹き付ける方法などが記述されている。
この例では,酢酸ビニル樹脂エマルジョンを冬季における低温でも造膜させるためにジブチルフタレートの配合されたものが使用されている。
しかし,ジブチルフタレートなど可塑剤は環境ホルモンの疑いがあることから,環境対策上から使用は好ましくない。また,其の配合,配合によっては種子の発芽,生育が阻害されるという問題が指摘されている。
また,酢酸ビニル樹脂の生分解性は完全ではなく,植生に使用されたのちも,其のままの状態で残留するため,環境面から植生が進行して植生物が繁茂した後は,生分解して残留しない緑化資材の開発が求められている。
For example, Japanese Patent Publication No. 47-47324 describes a method of spraying or spraying a mixture of seeds or rhizomes on a vinyl acetate resin emulsion containing dibutyl phthalate as a plasticizer.
In this example, a vinyl acetate resin emulsion blended with dibutyl phthalate is used to form a film even at low temperatures in winter.
However, since plasticizers such as dibutyl phthalate are suspected as environmental hormones, they are not preferred for environmental measures. Moreover, the problem that the germination and growth of a seed are inhibited depending on the blending and blending is pointed out.
In addition, the biodegradability of vinyl acetate resin is not perfect, and it remains in its original state after being used for vegetation. Therefore, development of greening materials that do not remain is required.

特公昭47−47324号公報Japanese Examined Patent Publication No. 47-47324 特開平5−163730号公報JP-A-5-163730

本発明は,前記のような課題,即ち緑化対策として散布されたものが,植生物が繁茂したのち生分解して環境負荷にならない生分解性樹脂エマルジョン若しくはその粉末からなる緑化資材に関するものであつて,これに種子,肥料などが配合されて緑化工事用の資材が提供される。 The present invention relates to a greening material comprising a biodegradable resin emulsion or a powder thereof that is dispersed as a countermeasure against greening as described above, that is, a biodegradable resin emulsion that does not biodegrade after the vegetation has grown and does not cause environmental impact. In addition, seeds, fertilizers, etc. are mixed with this to provide materials for greening work.

本発明では,前期のような状況に鑑み,生分解して環境負荷にならない生分解性樹脂エマルジョン若しくは其の粉末からなる緑化資材であって,種子,肥料などを配合して緑化工事に利用される資材を提供するものである。   In the present invention, in view of the situation as in the previous period, a biodegradable resin emulsion that does not biodegrade and does not cause environmental impact, or a greening material thereof, which is mixed with seeds, fertilizer, etc., is used for greening work. It provides materials that can be used.

本発明にかかわる緑化資材は,これを使用した緑化工法により,散布当初,造成地などの防塵を防ぐとともに,種子を速やかに地面に固着し,発芽させ生育させることができる。
しかも防塵或いは種子の固着のために使用された生分解性樹脂エマルジョン若しくは其の粉末が生分解してしまうために,環境汚染の原因にならない。
The greening material according to the present invention can prevent dust from being created at the beginning of spraying, and can quickly fix seeds to the ground, germinate and grow by a greening method using the greening material.
In addition, the biodegradable resin emulsion or its powder used for dust prevention or seed fixation is biodegraded, so it does not cause environmental pollution.

以下,本発明について詳細に説明する。
本発明の緑化資材は生分解性樹脂エマルジョン或いはその粉末からなり,これらに種子,肥料その他が配合されたものを造成地などに散布して法面,平面など土壌に固着させることにより確実な緑化を図ることができる。
The present invention will be described in detail below.
The greening material of the present invention is composed of a biodegradable resin emulsion or its powder, which is mixed with seeds, fertilizers, etc., and sprayed on the land, etc., and fixed to the soil such as a slope or a flat surface. Can be achieved.

該生分解性樹脂エマルジョンは,(1)ベース生分解性樹脂エマルジョンの存在下において酢酸ビニル(以下VAcと略称)をシード重合させる,或いは(2)生分解性樹脂をVAcに溶解させたものを乳化したのち,乳化剤を溶解させた水溶液中に滴下しながら乳化重合せしめて得られる。   The biodegradable resin emulsion includes (1) seed polymerization of vinyl acetate (hereinafter abbreviated as VAc) in the presence of the base biodegradable resin emulsion, or (2) a solution obtained by dissolving the biodegradable resin in VAc. After emulsification, it is obtained by emulsion polymerization while dropping into an aqueous solution in which the emulsifier is dissolved.

前記(1)のベース生分解性樹脂エマルジョンには,脂肪族ポリエステル系生分解性樹脂,ポリカプロラクトン系生分解性樹脂,ポリ乳酸系分解性樹脂,並びにこれらの生分解性樹脂とその他の樹脂との複合物,などが乳化調製されたものが使用される。   The base biodegradable resin emulsion of (1) includes aliphatic polyester-based biodegradable resins, polycaprolactone-based biodegradable resins, polylactic acid-based degradable resins, and these biodegradable resins and other resins. A compound prepared by emulsifying a composite of the above is used.

前記(1)ベース生分解性樹脂エマルジョンの存在下においてVAcをシード重合させて得られる生分解性樹脂エマルジョンの合成方法の例を示せば,例えばポリエチレンサクシネート,ポリエチレンサクシネートアジペート,ポリブチレンサクシネート,ポリブチレンサクシネート,ポリヘキサメチレンサクシネート,ポリエチレンアジペート,ポリホキサメチレンアジペート,ポリエチレンオキザレート,ポリエチレンセバケート,ポリカプロラクトン,ポリカプロラクトンブチレンサクシネート,ポリ乳酸などの脂肪族ポリエステル,ポリブチレンアジペートテレフタレート,ポリブチレンサクシネートテレフタレートなどの芳香族ポリエステル,或いは若しくはポリアスパラギン酸,ポリγ−グルタミン酸,ポリ(ε−リジン)などのポリアミノ酸や,キチン,キトサン,カゼインコラーゲン,大豆タンパクなどの生分解性樹脂から調整されたベース生分解性樹脂エマルジョン,好ましくはガラス転移点が0℃以下の脂肪族ポリエステルから調製されたベース生分解性樹脂エマルジョン,あるいはガラス転移点が0℃以下になるように変性された脂肪族ポリエステルから調整されたベース生分解性樹脂エマルジョンの存在下において,以下に述べるような方法によりシード重合する方法により調製される。 Examples of the synthesis method of the biodegradable resin emulsion obtained by seed polymerization of VAc in the presence of the base biodegradable resin emulsion (1) include polyethylene succinate, polyethylene succinate adipate, and polybutylene succinate. , Polybutylene succinate, polyhexamethylene succinate, polyethylene adipate, polyoxamethylene adipate, polyethylene oxalate, polyethylene sebacate, polycaprolactone, polycaprolactone butylene succinate, polylactic acid aliphatic polyester, polybutylene adipate Aromatic polyesters such as terephthalate, polybutylene succinate terephthalate, or polyaspartic acid, polyγ-glutamic acid, poly (ε-lysine), etc. Base biodegradable resin emulsion prepared from polyamino acids, biodegradable resins such as chitin, chitosan, casein collagen, and soy protein, preferably base biodegradable prepared from aliphatic polyesters with a glass transition point of 0 ° C or lower Prepared by seed polymerization in the presence of a base biodegradable resin emulsion prepared from a water-soluble resin emulsion or a base biodegradable resin emulsion prepared from an aliphatic polyester modified to have a glass transition point of 0 ° C. or lower. Is done.

前記(1)による方法では,反応容器に水と乳化剤となるポリビニルアルコール(以下PVAと略称)などを配合,溶解させ,ベース生分解性樹脂エマルジョンを入れ,重合開始剤を用いてVAcを添加しながら進めることができる。
この場合,VAcの一部若しくは全部を重合開始剤と水及びベース生分解性樹脂エマルジョンと一緒に重合用容器に添加するか,或いはVAcの一部あるいは全量を重合中に連続的若しくは断続的に添加しながら進めることができる。
この合成方法により得られる生分解性樹脂エマルジョンの生分解性は,ベース生分解性樹脂エマルジョンの全体中に占める比率により決まるため,配合に関しては求められる生分解度,乳化重合時及び合成された生分解性樹脂エマルジョンの安定性,コスト並びに低温造膜性などを勘案して決めることができる。
生分解度についてはJISK6950に規定されているもので,一般的に易分解性の目安となる60%以上が求められる。
このような生分解度と併せて低温造膜性を確保するためには,ベース生分解性樹脂エマルジョンの固形分が生分解性樹脂エマルジョン全体の固形分100重量部に対して10重量%以上が求められる。10重量部以下では十分な生分解性と低温造膜性が得られない。
In the method according to (1), water and polyvinyl alcohol (hereinafter abbreviated as PVA) as an emulsifier are mixed and dissolved in a reaction vessel, a base biodegradable resin emulsion is added, and VAc is added using a polymerization initiator. Can proceed.
In this case, part or all of VAc is added to the polymerization vessel together with the polymerization initiator, water and the base biodegradable resin emulsion, or part or all of VAc is continuously or intermittently added during the polymerization. Can proceed with addition.
Since the biodegradability of the biodegradable resin emulsion obtained by this synthesis method is determined by the ratio of the base biodegradable resin emulsion to the whole, the biodegradability required during formulation, emulsion polymerization, and synthesized biodegradable This can be determined in consideration of the stability, cost, and low-temperature film-forming properties of the degradable resin emulsion.
The degree of biodegradation is specified in JISK6950, and generally 60% or more, which is a standard for easy degradability, is required.
In order to ensure low-temperature film-forming properties together with such a degree of biodegradation, the solid content of the base biodegradable resin emulsion should be 10% by weight or more with respect to 100 parts by weight of the solid content of the entire biodegradable resin emulsion. Desired. If it is 10 parts by weight or less, sufficient biodegradability and low-temperature film-forming properties cannot be obtained.

通常,ベース生分解性樹脂エマルジョンはポリマーが結晶性をもつため融点が存在しており,この融点以上の温度でなければ造膜しない。このためベース生分解性樹脂エマルジョンと酢酸ビニル樹脂エマルジョンとを単に混合しただけでは生分解性樹脂エマルジョンに低温造膜性を付与することはできない。しかしながら前記(1)による方法によれば,ベース生分解性樹脂と酢酸ビニル樹脂とが分子レベルで複合化した状態に仕上られ,ベース生分解性樹脂の結晶性が消失して融点が無くなるため,生分解性樹脂エマルジョンに低温造膜性が付与されることが示差走査熱量測定により確認されている。   Usually, the base biodegradable resin emulsion has a melting point because the polymer has crystallinity, and a film is not formed unless the temperature is higher than this melting point. For this reason, low temperature film-forming property cannot be imparted to the biodegradable resin emulsion simply by mixing the base biodegradable resin emulsion and the vinyl acetate resin emulsion. However, according to the method according to the above (1), the base biodegradable resin and the vinyl acetate resin are finished in a composite state at the molecular level, and the crystallinity of the base biodegradable resin disappears and the melting point disappears. It has been confirmed by differential scanning calorimetry that a low-temperature film-forming property is imparted to the biodegradable resin emulsion.

前記(2)による方法には,前記のポリカプロラクトン(以下PCLと略称)などの生分解性樹脂をVAcに溶解したものを,乳化剤を含む水溶液中に添加し撹拌して乳化物を調製しておき,乳化剤を含み加熱された水溶液中,若しくは乳化剤を含まない加熱された水中に,攪拌しながら滴下して乳化重合を進めて調製する方法,或いは前記のPCLなどの生分解性樹脂をVAcに溶解させた溶液を,乳化剤を含み加熱された水中に攪拌しながら滴下して乳化重合を進めて調製する方法,などが採用される。
この方法により得られる生分解性樹脂組成物の生分解性は,全体に占める生分解性樹脂の比率により決まるため,配合に関してはVAcに対する生分解性樹脂の溶解度,コスト並びに低温造膜性などを勘案して決めることができる。
生分解度については前記と同様にJISK6950に規定されるもので,一般的に易分解性の目安となる60%が求められる。
なお,生分解性樹脂の配合割合は,VAc及び生分解性樹脂の合計100重量部に対して15重量部以上が生分解性の点から好ましい。これ以下の配合割合では生分解性が十分ではないため適さない。
In the method according to the above (2), a biodegradable resin such as polycaprolactone (hereinafter abbreviated as PCL) dissolved in VAc is added to an aqueous solution containing an emulsifier and stirred to prepare an emulsion. In addition, a method of preparing by emulsion polymerization by dropping dropwise into a heated aqueous solution containing an emulsifier or in heated water not containing an emulsifier, or the biodegradable resin such as PCL described above in VAc A method in which the dissolved solution is added dropwise to heated water containing an emulsifier while stirring to prepare the emulsion by proceeding with emulsion polymerization is employed.
Since the biodegradability of the biodegradable resin composition obtained by this method is determined by the ratio of the biodegradable resin in the entire composition, the solubility of the biodegradable resin in VAc, the cost, the low-temperature film-forming property, etc. It can be decided in consideration.
The degree of biodegradation is defined in JISK6950 as described above, and generally 60%, which is a standard for easy degradability, is required.
The blending ratio of the biodegradable resin is preferably 15 parts by weight or more with respect to 100 parts by weight of the total of VAc and biodegradable resin from the viewpoint of biodegradability. A blending ratio below this is not suitable because the biodegradability is not sufficient.

なお,前記(2)による方法において生分解性樹脂としてPCLを選定した場合は,それ自体では−60℃というガラス転移点をもつものの,結晶性があり60℃という融点を示すため単に酢酸ビニル樹脂と混合されただけでは酢酸ビニル樹脂に柔軟性を付与する効果は期待できない。しかしPCLがVAcに溶解された状態で乳化重合すると両樹脂の分子レベルでの複合化が進みPCLの結晶性が失われることからPCLの持つガラス転移点−60℃という特徴が発現して,酢酸ビニル樹脂に柔軟性が付与され,可塑剤の配合なくして低温造膜性が得られるようになる。
このような作用により低温造膜性が得られるが,低温造膜性の点からも生分解性樹脂のVAcと生分解性樹脂の合計100重量部に対する配合割合は,生分解性と同様に15重量部以上が好ましい。
When PCL is selected as the biodegradable resin in the method according to (2), it has a glass transition point of −60 ° C. itself, but has crystallinity and exhibits a melting point of 60 ° C. The effect of imparting flexibility to the vinyl acetate resin cannot be expected simply by mixing with. However, when emulsion polymerization is performed in a state where PCL is dissolved in VAc, both resins are complexed at the molecular level and the crystallinity of PCL is lost. Flexibility is imparted to the vinyl resin, and low-temperature film-forming properties can be obtained without adding a plasticizer.
Although low-temperature film-forming property can be obtained by such an action, the blending ratio of the biodegradable resin VAc and the biodegradable resin to 100 parts by weight in total is 15 as well as biodegradability from the viewpoint of low-temperature film-forming property. Part by weight or more is preferable.

前記(1),(2)による方法において使用される重合開始剤には公知な過酸化物系重合開始剤,アゾ系重合開始剤,過硫酸塩系重合開始剤などが挙げられる。
乳化剤として使用されるPVAにはケン化度86〜90%,重合度400〜4000のものが重合安定性,低温造膜性,構造粘性,耐水性などのバランスに優れるため,単独ないし併用される。なお,乳化剤としてはPVA以外に界面活性剤,水性高分子などが使用されてもよい。
また,VAcの単独使用のほか,VAcと(メタ)アクリル酸エステル,プロピオン酸エステル,バーサチック酸ビニル,(メタ)アクリル酸等のコモノマーとを共重合させることもできる。
Examples of the polymerization initiator used in the methods (1) and (2) include known peroxide polymerization initiators, azo polymerization initiators, persulfate polymerization initiators, and the like.
As PVA used as an emulsifier, those having a saponification degree of 86 to 90% and a polymerization degree of 400 to 4000 have excellent balance of polymerization stability, low-temperature film-forming property, structural viscosity, water resistance, etc. . As the emulsifier, a surfactant, an aqueous polymer, etc. may be used in addition to PVA.
In addition to using VAc alone, VAc can be copolymerized with a comonomer such as (meth) acrylic acid ester, propionic acid ester, vinyl versatate, and (meth) acrylic acid.

このように調製された生分解性樹脂エマルジョンは,スプレードライヤーなどの噴霧乾燥設備により粉末に調製することもできる。
粉末は,緑化工事の際に水と配合して使用するため再乳化性のあることが必須であるが,そのように調製するには生分解性樹脂エマルジョンを合成する際に,PVAなど水溶性高分子化合物を保護コロイドとして乳化重合するか,親水性のある不飽和カルボン酸などを共重合することにより再乳化性を付与することができる。
The biodegradable resin emulsion thus prepared can also be prepared into a powder by spray drying equipment such as a spray dryer.
It is essential that the powder be re-emulsifiable because it is used in combination with water at the time of revegetation. To prepare such a powder, water-soluble substances such as PVA are used when synthesizing a biodegradable resin emulsion. Re-emulsification can be imparted by emulsion polymerization using a polymer compound as a protective colloid or copolymerization with a hydrophilic unsaturated carboxylic acid or the like.

生分解性樹脂エマルジョン,或いはその粉末は最低造膜温度が20℃以下であることが求められる。20℃以下でないと粘結性が不十分になり散布,吹き付けなどによる緑化工法には使用できない。
なお,粉末化に際して最低造膜温度が20℃以下の生分解性樹脂エマルジョンを噴霧乾燥すると生分解性樹脂粒子同士が粘結してブロック化してしまい粉末状態にならないため,シリカ,炭酸カルシウム,珪酸アルミニウムなどの無機微粒子からなる抗粘結剤を適量配合することが好ましい。
The biodegradable resin emulsion or its powder is required to have a minimum film forming temperature of 20 ° C. or lower. If the temperature is not lower than 20 ° C, the caking property becomes insufficient and it cannot be used for the greening method by spraying or spraying.
In addition, since the biodegradable resin emulsion having a minimum film-forming temperature of 20 ° C. or less during spraying is spray-dried, the biodegradable resin particles are bonded together to form a block, so that silica, calcium carbonate, silicic acid is not formed. It is preferable to mix an appropriate amount of an anti-caking agent made of inorganic fine particles such as aluminum.

緑化用資材に配合される種子は,緑化目的により様々なものが選定され使用される。
具体例として,ケンタッキー31フェスク,ホワイトクローバー,ケンタッキーブルー,ペレニアルライグラス,ヨモギ,ススキ,メドハギ,日本芝などの草花の種子などが挙げられる。
Various seeds are selected and used depending on the purpose of greening.
Specific examples include Kentucky 31 Fescue, White Clover, Kentucky Blue, Perennial Ryegrass, Artemisia, Susuki, Medhagi, and Japanese turf seeds.

緑化用資材として,その他配合されるものとして,ヒル石,バーキュムライト,珪藻土など多孔質な無機物質のほか,PVA,ポリアクリルアミド,メチルロース,ヒドロキシエチルセルロース,ポリアクリル酸などの高分子材料からなる保水剤,高度化成肥料などの肥料,バーク堆肥,ピートモスのような土壌基材,ベントナイトのような土壌改良剤,土壌団粒間のつなぎの役割や保水の目的で使用する植物性繊維のような養生材などが適宜,選定され配合される。   Other materials that can be used as greening materials include porous inorganic materials such as leesite, vercumulite, and diatomaceous earth, as well as polymer materials such as PVA, polyacrylamide, methylose, hydroxyethylcellulose, and polyacrylic acid. Water retention agents, fertilizers such as advanced chemical fertilizers, soil base materials such as bark compost, peat moss, soil conditioners such as bentonite, plant fibers used for the role of tie between soil aggregates and water retention purposes Curing materials are selected and blended as appropriate.

緑化工事は緑化しようとする土壌や斜面に樹脂エマルジョン若しくは其の粉末,種子,肥料,ファイバーなどの混合物をハイドロシーダーで吹き付ける種子吹付工法,上記の混合物に加え客土,バーク堆肥,ピートモスなどの植生基盤材をも混合したものをエアーコンプレッサーや,モルタルガンなどで法面などに3cm〜5cmの厚みに吹付ける客土吹付け工法により施工される。 吹付けた後のエマルジョン粒子の粘結により一時的な土壌の侵食が防止できるとともに,まもなく発芽,生育する植物により土壌の安定を図ることができる。 Tree planting works are the seed spraying method in which a mixture of resin emulsion or its powder, seeds, fertilizer, fiber, etc. is sprayed onto the soil or slope to be planted with a hydrocedar. In addition to the above mixture, vegetation such as soil, bark compost, peat moss It is constructed by the soil spraying method in which the material mixed with the base material is sprayed to the slope of 3 to 5 cm on the slope with an air compressor or mortar gun. Temporary soil erosion can be prevented by the caking of the emulsion particles after spraying, and the soil can be stabilized by plants that germinate and grow soon.

以下に生分解性樹脂エマルジョンの合成例と,これを使用した緑化試験例について説明する。
なお,重量部を単に部として記載する。
(11)生分解性樹脂エマルジョンAの合成例
攪拌機,温度調節器,還流冷却管,温度計を備えた反応容器に水282部,PVA(平均重合度500,ケン化度88%)24.5部を加え,80℃まで加熱して溶解させたのち,べース生分解性樹脂エマルジョンとして,PVAを乳化剤として調製されたポリブチレンサクシネートアジペート樹脂エマルジョン(昭和高分子株式会社製,ビオノーレエマルジョンEM−530 固形分53%,23℃における粘度3Pa・s,ガラス転移点−55℃)を85部添加した。系内温度を80℃に保ったまま攪拌しながら水10部に過酸化水素水溶液1部を溶解させた水溶液とVAc165部を3時間かけて滴下して80℃においてシード重合を進めた。得られた生分解性樹脂エマルジョンの固形分41.5%,最低造膜温度0℃,23℃における粘度4pa・sであつた。
In the following, a synthesis example of a biodegradable resin emulsion and a greening test example using the same will be described.
The parts by weight are described simply as parts.
(11) Synthesis Example of Biodegradable Resin Emulsion A In a reaction vessel equipped with a stirrer, temperature controller, reflux condenser, and thermometer, 282 parts of water, PVA (average polymerization degree 500, saponification degree 88%) 24.5 After heating up to 80 ° C and dissolving, polybutylene succinate adipate resin emulsion prepared with PVA as emulsifier as a base biodegradable resin emulsion (Bionore emulsion, Showa Polymer Co., Ltd.) 85 parts of EM-530 (solid content 53%, viscosity at 23 ° C., 3 Pa · s, glass transition point −55 ° C.) were added. While stirring the system temperature at 80 ° C., an aqueous solution prepared by dissolving 1 part of a hydrogen peroxide solution in 10 parts of water and 165 parts of VAc were added dropwise over 3 hours to proceed seed polymerization at 80 ° C. The obtained biodegradable resin emulsion had a solid content of 41.5%, a minimum film-forming temperature of 0 ° C., and a viscosity of 4 pa · s at 23 ° C.

(12)生分解性樹脂粉末Bの調製例
(11)で得られた生分解性樹脂エマルジョンA100部と1次粒子径が0.02μmのシリカ粉末5部をスプレードライヤーで噴霧乾燥させることにより生分解性樹脂粉末Bを得た。
(12) 100 parts of the biodegradable resin emulsion A obtained in Preparation Example (11) of biodegradable resin powder B and 5 parts of silica powder having a primary particle size of 0.02 μm are spray-dried with a spray drier. Degradable resin powder B was obtained.

(13)生分解性樹脂エマルジョンCの合成例
生分解性樹脂エマルジョン1の合成例に使用したと同一の反応容器に水130部,乳化剤として平均重合度500,ケン化度88%のPVA8.0部を加え,80℃まで加温してPVAを溶解させたものを分散媒体として,生分解性樹脂であるPCL「セルグリーンPH−5」(ダイセル化学工業株式会社製,GPC法による測定で数平均分子量6.4万)31.3部をVAc137部に溶解させたものを前記と同一のPVAの15%水溶液78部中に添加し,水60部を加えたものを1000RPMで強制攪拌して乳化液として,該乳化液と過硫酸アンモニウム1部を水10部に溶解したものを80℃に加熱され攪拌された該分散媒体中に3時間かけて滴下しながら乳化重合を進めて生分解性樹脂エマルジョンCを調製した。
得られた生分解性樹脂エマルジョンの固形分41.4%,最低造膜温度0℃,23℃における粘度3pa・sであつた。
(13) Synthesis Example of Biodegradable Resin Emulsion C PVA 8.0 having 130 parts of water, an average polymerization degree of 500 as an emulsifier, and a saponification degree of 88% in the same reaction vessel used in the synthesis example of biodegradable resin emulsion 1 PCL “Cell Green PH-5” (manufactured by Daicel Chemical Industries, Ltd., measured by GPC method) was used as a dispersion medium. (Average molecular weight 64,000) 31.3 parts dissolved in 137 parts of VAc were added to 78 parts of the same 15% aqueous solution of PVA as above, and 60 parts of water was added and forcedly stirred at 1000 RPM. As an emulsified liquid, a solution obtained by dissolving the emulsified liquid and 1 part of ammonium persulfate in 10 parts of water is added to the dispersion medium heated to 80 ° C. and stirred over 3 hours while proceeding with emulsion polymerization, and biodegradable. Resin emulsion C was prepared.
The obtained biodegradable resin emulsion had a solid content of 41.4%, a minimum film-forming temperature of 0 ° C., and a viscosity of 3 pa · s at 23 ° C.

(14)生分解性樹脂粉末Dの調製例
(13)で得られた生分解性樹脂エマルジョンC100部と1次粒子径が0.02μmのシリカ粉末5部をスプレードライヤーで噴霧乾燥させることにより生分解性樹脂粉末Dを得た。
(14) 100 parts of the biodegradable resin emulsion C obtained in Preparation Example (13) of biodegradable resin powder D and 5 parts of silica powder having a primary particle size of 0.02 μm are spray-dried with a spray dryer. Degradable resin powder D was obtained.

(15)酢酸ビニル樹脂エマルジョンEの合成例
生分解性樹脂エマルジョン1の合成に使用したと同一の反応容器に,水256部,平均重合度500,ケン化度88%のPVA16部を80℃に加温して溶解させたのち,同温度で攪拌しながらVAc151部と過硫酸アンモニウム1部を水10部に溶解させたものを3時間かけて滴下しながら乳化重合を進め,滴下終了後,可塑剤としてフタル酸ジブチル18部を加え,冷却して酢酸ビニル樹脂エマルジョンEを調製した。23℃における粘度5pa・s,最低造膜温度2℃,固形分41.0%であつた。
(15) Synthesis Example of Vinyl Acetate Resin Emulsion E In the same reaction vessel used for the synthesis of biodegradable resin emulsion 1, 256 parts of water, 16 parts of PVA having an average polymerization degree of 500 and a saponification degree of 88% were brought to 80 ° C. After heating and dissolving, while stirring at the same temperature, the emulsion polymerization proceeds while adding 151 parts of VAc and 1 part of ammonium persulfate in 10 parts of water dropwise over 3 hours. As a result, 18 parts of dibutyl phthalate was added and cooled to prepare a vinyl acetate resin emulsion E. The viscosity at 23 ° C. was 5 pa · s, the minimum film forming temperature was 2 ° C., and the solid content was 41.0%.

(16)樹脂粉末Fの調製例
(15)で得られた酢酸ビニル樹脂エマルジョンE100部と1次粒子径が0.02μmのシリカ粉末5部をスプレードライヤーで噴霧乾燥させることにより樹脂粉末Fを得た。
(16) Resin powder F is obtained by spray drying 100 parts of the vinyl acetate resin emulsion E obtained in Preparation Example (15) of resin powder F and 5 parts of silica powder having a primary particle size of 0.02 μm with a spray dryer. It was.

(17)エチレン・酢酸ビニル共重合樹脂エマルジョンG
攪拌器付きの高圧反応缶にケン化度88%,重合度1700のPVA10.3部とロンガリット1.1部を溶解した純水229部とVAc151部を仕込んだ。系内の温度を55℃としエチレンを31部仕込み加圧した。過硫酸アンモニウム0.5部を水10部に溶解したものとVAc78部を連続的に添加し重合を行った。圧力60kgG/cmで8時間重合を行い,エチレン・酢酸ビニル樹脂エマルジョンを調整した。23℃における粘度4Pa・s,最低造膜温度0℃,固形分53.0%であった。
(17) Ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymer resin emulsion G
A high-pressure reactor equipped with a stirrer was charged with 229 parts of pure water in which 10.3 parts of PVA having a saponification degree of 88% and a polymerization degree of 1700 and 1.1 parts of Rongalite were dissolved, and 151 parts of VAc. The temperature in the system was 55 ° C., 31 parts of ethylene was charged and pressurized. Polymerization was carried out by continuously adding 0.5 part of ammonium persulfate in 10 parts of water and 78 parts of VAc. Polymerization was carried out at a pressure of 60 kgG / cm 2 for 8 hours to prepare an ethylene / vinyl acetate resin emulsion. The viscosity at 23 ° C. was 4 Pa · s, the minimum film-forming temperature was 0 ° C., and the solid content was 53.0%.

(18)エチレン・酢酸ビニル共重合樹脂粉末H
(17)で得られたエチレン・酢酸ビニル樹脂エマルジョンE100部と1次粒子径が0.02μmのシリカ粉末5部をスプレードライヤーで噴霧乾燥させることによりエチレン・酢酸ビニル共重合樹脂粉末Hを得た。
(18) Ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymer resin powder H
100 parts of the ethylene / vinyl acetate resin emulsion E obtained in (17) and 5 parts of silica powder having a primary particle size of 0.02 μm were spray-dried with a spray dryer to obtain an ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymer resin powder H. .

実施例1〜4,比較例1,2〜5
以下の資材を均一に混合した実施例1〜4,比較例1〜5の緑化用資材を縦×横×高さ,30cm×30cm×5cmの合板型枠に厚み3cmにつめて発芽試験,生育試験に使用した。流亡防止性は下記の配合から種子を除いた配合物を使用し,室内で7日間放置したのち試験した。生分解度は生分解性樹脂エマルジョン,生分解性樹脂粉末,樹脂粉末など単独で試験した。それらの試験結果を表1に示す。なお,比較例1については生分解性樹脂エマルジョン,生分解性樹脂粉末,樹脂粉末などを使用しなかった。

種子(ケンタッキー31フェスク)5g
客土(砂質土) 10リットル
バーク堆肥 10リットル
化成肥料 80g
生分解性樹脂エマルジョン 200g または 生分解性樹脂粉末,樹脂粉末 60g
水 5リットル
Examples 1-4, Comparative Examples 1, 2-5
Germination test and growth of the greening materials of Examples 1-4 and Comparative Examples 1-5, in which the following materials are uniformly mixed, packed in a 3 cm thick plywood form of length x width x height, 30 cm x 30 cm x 5 cm Used for testing. The run-off prevention property was tested after using a formulation obtained by removing seeds from the following formulation and leaving it indoors for 7 days. The biodegradability was tested independently with biodegradable resin emulsion, biodegradable resin powder, resin powder and the like. The test results are shown in Table 1. In Comparative Example 1, no biodegradable resin emulsion, biodegradable resin powder, resin powder or the like was used.

5g seed (Kentucky 31 Fescue)
Guest soil (sandy soil) 10 liters
Bark compost 10 liter chemical fertilizer 80g
Biodegradable resin emulsion 200g or biodegradable resin powder, resin powder 60g
5 liters of water




表示/ E:エマルジョン, P:粉末
試験方法
イ.生分解度
生分解性樹脂エマルジョンはテフロン樹脂板上(テフロン;登録商標)に125μmの厚みで塗布し,室温で乾燥しフィルム化したものを所定の大きさにカットしサンプルとし,生分解性樹脂粉末,樹脂粉末の場合はそのまま使用した。JISK6950の生分解性試験方法にて行った。植種源には名古屋市下水処理場の返送汚泥を使用し,消費された酸素量から45日後の生分解度を求めた。
ロ.流亡防止性
前記の配合から種子を除いた配合物を 縦×横×高さが30cm×30cm×5cmの合板型枠に厚み3cmにつめて,室内で7日間放置したのち勾配45°に調整した状態で,5mの高さから200mm/時間の降雨試験30分をして流亡試験した。
試験後,流亡しなかつた配合物の重量を測定し,試験前の重量に対して80%以上であつた場合を○,50〜79%であつたものを△,49%以下の場合を×とした。

ハ.発芽状態
前記の配合物を縦×横×高さが30cm×30cm×5cmの合板型枠に厚み3cmにつめて, 温度25℃,湿度65%の環境下において7日後の発芽を観察した。
10×10cm当たりの発芽数をカウントして,ブランクに対する発芽数が80%以上を○,50〜79%を△,49%以下を×とした。
ハ.生育状態
前記の配合物を縦×横×高さが30cm×30cm×5cmの合板型枠に厚み3cmにつめて,発芽させたのち,温度25℃,湿度65%の環境下において20日後の生育状態を観察した。ブランクに対する生育率が90%以上のものを○,75〜89%のものを△,74%以下のものを×とした。



Display: E: Emulsion, P: Powder test method The biodegradable resin emulsion is coated on a Teflon resin plate (Teflon; registered trademark) with a thickness of 125 μm, dried at room temperature, and formed into a sample by cutting it into a predetermined size. In the case of powder and resin powder, they were used as they were. The biodegradability test method of JISK6950 was used. The return sludge from the Nagoya City sewage treatment plant was used as a seeding source, and the biodegradability after 45 days was calculated from the amount of oxygen consumed.
B. Anti-flow-off property The formulation excluding seeds from the above formulation was packed in a plywood form with a length x width x height of 30 cm x 30 cm x 5 cm to a thickness of 3 cm, and allowed to stand indoors for 7 days, and then adjusted to a gradient of 45 ° In the state, a run-off test was conducted by performing a 30-minute rainfall test at a height of 5 m for 30 minutes.
After the test, the weight of the composition that had not been washed away was measured. When the weight was 80% or more with respect to the weight before the test, ○, 50 to 79% was △, and 49% or less. It was.

C. Germination state
The above composition was packed in a plywood form having a length x width x height of 30 cm x 30 cm x 5 cm to a thickness of 3 cm, and germination after 7 days was observed in an environment at a temperature of 25 ° C and a humidity of 65%.
The number of germinations per 10 × 10 cm was counted. The germination number for the blank was 80% or more, ○, 50 to 79% was Δ, and 49% or less was ×.
C. Growth condition The above composition is packed in a plywood form with a length x width x height of 30 cm x 30 cm x 5 cm to a thickness of 3 cm, germinated, and then grown after 20 days in an environment of temperature 25 ° C and humidity 65%. The condition was observed. The growth rate with respect to the blank was 90% or more, ○, 75 to 89% was Δ, and 74% or less was ×.

本発明になる緑化資材は,種子,肥料などが配合された状態で,造成地,グランド,堤防や道路の法面など,風雨により侵食されやすい場所において散布することにより,散布した直後は土壌を固定して,砂の飛散,土壌の侵食などを防止に役立つとともに,その後において種子の発芽,生育により緑化を図ることができる。
しかも,発芽を妨げる可塑剤を含有せず,生分解性をもつものであるため,散布されたのち少しずつ生分解して残留しなくなることから環境負荷にならず安心して使用できる。
The greening material according to the present invention is mixed with seeds, fertilizers, etc., and sprayed in a place that is easily eroded by wind and rain, such as a land of construction, ground, embankment, road slope, etc. It can be fixed to help prevent sand scattering, soil erosion, etc., and then can be greened by seed germination and growth.
Moreover, since it does not contain a plasticizer that prevents germination and is biodegradable, it is biodegraded little by little after being sprayed, so it does not remain and can be used safely without causing environmental impact.

Claims (2)

ベース生分解性樹脂エマルジョンの存在下において酢酸ビニルがシード重合されて調製された生分解性樹脂エマルジョン、若しくは其の粉末が使用されていることを特徴とする緑化資材。   A greening material characterized in that a biodegradable resin emulsion prepared by seed polymerization of vinyl acetate in the presence of a base biodegradable resin emulsion or a powder thereof is used. 生分解性樹脂が酢酸ビニルに溶解された溶液を、乳化剤を含む水溶液中に滴下しながら乳化重合するか、生分解性樹脂が酢酸ビニルに溶解された溶液の乳化液を含む水溶液若しくは水中に滴下しながら乳化重合して得られる生分解性樹脂エマルジョン、若しくはそれらの粉末が使用されていることを特徴とする緑化資材。   Emulsion polymerization is performed while dropping a solution in which the biodegradable resin is dissolved in vinyl acetate into an aqueous solution containing an emulsifier, or in an aqueous solution or water containing an emulsion of a solution in which the biodegradable resin is dissolved in vinyl acetate. A biodegradable resin emulsion obtained by emulsion polymerization while using a powder or a powder thereof.
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