JP3855219B2 - Bone cement removal device for artificial joint fixation - Google Patents

Bone cement removal device for artificial joint fixation Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3855219B2
JP3855219B2 JP11807799A JP11807799A JP3855219B2 JP 3855219 B2 JP3855219 B2 JP 3855219B2 JP 11807799 A JP11807799 A JP 11807799A JP 11807799 A JP11807799 A JP 11807799A JP 3855219 B2 JP3855219 B2 JP 3855219B2
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Japan
Prior art keywords
bone cement
artificial joint
bone
bone marrow
tip tool
Prior art date
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Expired - Fee Related
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JP11807799A
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Japanese (ja)
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JP2000300576A (en
Inventor
直光 竹川
幸弘 加藤
敦司 堀内
元基 平野
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Alcare Co Ltd
Suzuki Motor Co Ltd
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Alcare Co Ltd
Suzuki Motor Co Ltd
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Priority to JP11807799A priority Critical patent/JP3855219B2/en
Publication of JP2000300576A publication Critical patent/JP2000300576A/en
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/16Bone cutting, breaking or removal means other than saws, e.g. Osteoclasts; Drills or chisels for bones; Trepans
    • A61B17/164Bone cutting, breaking or removal means other than saws, e.g. Osteoclasts; Drills or chisels for bones; Trepans intramedullary

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Surgery (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • Orthopedic Medicine & Surgery (AREA)
  • Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Dentistry (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Prostheses (AREA)
  • Surgical Instruments (AREA)

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、人工関節を骨髄腔に固定するために使用された骨セメントを除去するための装置に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
近年、膝、股、肘、肩、足などの関節が悪くなって充分に曲がらず、機能障害を起こした人には、人工関節を入れて機能を回復させるような手術が行われるようになった。
この人工関節は、大腿骨等の骨の骨髄の中に腔を作り、この骨髄腔に関節用のジョイント部を有するステムを挿入し、更に骨髄腔に骨セメントと言われるポリメチルメタクリルセメント(polymethyl methacrylate cement:PMMA)を充填して固化させ、人工関節のステムを大腿骨等に固定している。
【0003】
こうした人工関節を埋設した人が長期間に亘って使用している間に、ステムと骨髄腔の間の固定がゆるくなってぐらつくようになったり、関節ジョイント部が磨耗したりその他の不都合が起った場合には、人工関節を入替える必要がある。
このような人工関節の再置換を行うときには、手術によって先ず取付けられている古いステムの表面に接している骨セメントを除去して、人工関節を抜き取る。しかし、こうして人工関節を取外した後の骨髄腔の中には、未だ固化した骨セメントがそのまま残っているので、新しい人工関節を取付けることができず、この骨セメントの塊を除去しなければならない。
【0004】
上記骨髄内の骨セメントの除去は、最近まで機械式のドリルやノミに頼って来たが、こうした人工関節を使用する患者の殆どが高齢者でかつ女性が多く、また骨粗しょう症にかかっていて骨が脆く、皮薄化した者も多いために、骨セメントの除去作業中に骨折したり、骨に穿孔が出来てしまったりすることがあった。またこのような障害の発生を避けるためにも手術が長時間化して、難渋することが多かった。
【0005】
そこで、上記したように骨セメントの主成分がPMMAであることから、超音波を使用してこれを除去することが考えられた。すなわち、このPMMAを主成分とする骨セメントはエネルギ−の吸収力が高く、熱伝導率が低いので、超音波発振機の先端ツ−ルを骨セメントに圧接すると、骨セメントと先端ツ−ルの境界面に注入されたエネルギ−は、その境界面で吸収されて十分な摩擦が起り、摩擦熱が貯められて先端ツ−ルの表面と接触している骨セメントが柔らかくなるので、これによって骨セメントを除去することができるようになる。
【0006】
従来、上記超音波発振機の先端ツ−ルには平型のみ状のものを使用し、人工骨を抜いた後に骨髄腔の内壁に沿って筒状に固着している骨セメントを内側より少しづつ切り崩すようにして除去しているが、処置中に先端ツ−ルの鋭利な角部が、骨髄腔の内壁に食い込んだり、接触して高温を発生して熱傷を作ったりすることがあり、また、先端ツ−ルの摩耗が激しいなど種々の欠点が見られた。
【0007】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、上記した従来のものに見られるような障害を生じることなく、骨セメントを確実かつスム−ズに除去することができる骨セメントの除去装置を提供しようとするものである。
【0008】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は、骨髄腔の内壁に沿うような断面弧状をした樋状部を有し、この樋状部の内面から内側に向って起立する板状の起立部を一体に形成した先端ツ−ルを超音波発振機に連結し、上記樋状部で骨セメントを骨髄腔から剥がすようにしながら、剥がした骨セメントを起立部で切り分けるようにすることによって、骨セメントを容易かつ確実に除去するようにする。
【0009】
【発明の実施の形態】
超音波発振機1からケ−ブル2を介して操作器4の先に先端ツ−ル5を取付けており、フ−トスイッチ3によって起動させるようになっている。この先端ツ−ル5は、各種のものが使用できるように操作器4に着脱可能に形成している。
上記先端ツ−ル5は、人工関節を取付けるために大腿骨その他の骨6の骨髄に形成した骨髄腔8の内壁9にほぼ沿うように断面を弧状とした樋状部51と、該樋状部51の内面52から内側に向って板状に起立する起立部53を設けている。
【0010】
図示するものでは、上記樋状部51は先端ツ−ル5の基部54に向かってその深さが次第に浅くなり、それに従って起立部53の高さも次第に短くなっている。そして、上記樋状部51の先端55と起立部53の先端56は、骨セメント中に入って行き易いように鋭利に形成している。
こうした先端ツ−ル5は、ステンレススチ−ル、チタンなどの金属を用いて作ることができる。
【0011】
この装置を使用する場合、超音波発振機1を起動させ、フ−トスイッチ3によって制御しながら、人工関節のステムが抜き取られた骨6の骨髄腔8の内壁9に、先端ツ−ル5の樋状部51の外面57が当接するようにしながらツ−ルの先端を奥に押込んで行くようにすると、ツ−ルの樋状部51の先端55に接触しているPMMAを主成分とする骨セメントが熱によって溶かされ、骨髄腔の内壁から剥がされるようにされると共に、起立部53の先端56によって左右に切り開かれるようになる。更に先端ツ−ルを奥に進めると、骨髄腔の内壁から剥がされた骨セメント7が樋状部51の内面52の傾斜面に沿って骨髄腔の内側へと少しづつ逃げて行く(図4、図5)。
【0012】
ある程度先端ツ−ルが奥まで進んだら、そのツ−ルを引出し、隣接する部分の骨セメントに対して同様の処置を行うと、先端ツ−ル5の起立部53が骨セメントを骨髄腔の直径方向にも切り開くので、骨セメントはあたかもステック状片71に切り剥がされて取り除くことができる(図5)。
【0013】
こうした操作を骨髄腔の内壁面に沿って順次行うと、骨髄腔の内面を覆っている骨セメントを、骨髄腔の内壁を損傷することなく、きれいに取除くことができるし、迅速に処置できるので人工関節の再置換手術に要する時間を短くすることができる。
また、骨セメント塊が大きく、骨髄腔の内壁までの厚味が厚い場合には、先端ツ−ルの樋状部を骨セメント塊の中間部に位置させて、内側の骨セメントを先づ取除き、その後で樋状部を骨髄腔の内壁に当てるようにして切除くようにするとよい。
【0014】
上記骨セメントを除去する場合、超音波発振機を利用して、先端ツ−ルの近傍等に生理食塩水などを霧状にして供給すると、操作時の過熱を防止することができて、骨髄等に与える影響を更に減少することができる。
【0015】
図6に示すものは、先端ツ−ル5の樋状部51の断面の弧を小さく形成したものであり、図7のものは更に断面の弧を小さくしたもので、骨髄腔の内径が小さい場合に使用したり、骨セメントの塊が大きい場合に、先づその内側の一部を取除く場合などに有効に使用することができる。
【0016】
図8に示すものは、先端ツ−ル5の起立部53の上面58を鋭利に形成したものであり、特に、骨セメントが厚い場合には効果的に使用することができる。
また、上記した起立部53は、先端側に向かって次第に高さを低くし、先端ツールの全体を先細状に形成したものも有効に使用することができる。
【0017】
【発明の効果】
本発明は上記したように、超音波発振機に連結した先端ツ−ルを、断面弧状を描く樋状部と、その内面から立上る起立部を一体に形成することによって、骨セメントを引剥しながら切り分け、分割ができるので、骨髄腔の内壁に沿って骨セメントをきれいに除去することができて骨を損傷することもないし、手術中の除去作業の時間も大幅に短縮することができて、手術全体の効率化を果たすことができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の実施例を示す斜視図である。
【図2】本発明の先端ツールの実施例を示す一部省略斜視図である。
【図3】図2の断面図である。
【図4】骨髄腔から骨セメントを除く状態を示す説明図である。
【図5】骨髄腔から骨セメントを除く状態を拡大して示す説明図である。
【図6】本発明の先端ツールの他の実施例を示す断面図である。
【図7】本発明の先端ツールの更に他の実施例を示す断面図である。
【図8】本発明の先端ツールの他の例を示す断面図である。
【符号の説明】
1 超音波発振機
2 ケ−ブル
3 フ−トスイッチ
4 操作器
5 先端ツ−ル
6 骨
7 骨セメント
8 骨髄腔
9 骨髄腔の内壁
51 先端ツ−ルの樋状部
52 先端ツ−ルの内面
53 先端ツ−ルの起立部
54 先端ツ−ルの基部
55 樋状部の先端
56 起立部の先端
57 先端ツ−ルの外面
58 起立部の上面
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an apparatus for removing bone cement used to fix an artificial joint to a bone marrow cavity.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In recent years, joints such as knees, crotch, elbows, shoulders, and feet have deteriorated and have not been bent sufficiently, so that surgery has been performed to restore function by inserting artificial joints. It was.
This artificial joint creates a cavity in the bone marrow of bones such as the femur, inserts a stem having a joint for the joint into the bone marrow cavity, and further inserts a polymethylmethacrylate cement (polymethyl) called bone cement into the bone marrow cavity. methacrylate cement (PMMA) is filled and solidified, and the stem of the artificial joint is fixed to the femur or the like.
[0003]
While the person who embeds such an artificial joint is used for a long period of time, the fixation between the stem and the bone marrow cavity becomes loose and wobbles, the joint joint part wears out, and other inconveniences occur. If this happens, it is necessary to replace the artificial joint.
When such replacement of the artificial joint is performed, the bone cement in contact with the surface of the old stem that is first attached by surgery is removed, and the artificial joint is extracted. However, since the solid bone cement still remains in the bone marrow cavity after removing the artificial joint in this way, a new artificial joint cannot be attached and the bone cement mass must be removed. .
[0004]
The removal of bone cement in the bone marrow has relied on mechanical drills and chisels until recently, but most of the patients who use these artificial joints are elderly and many women, and have osteoporosis. Since the bone is brittle and many people have thinned the skin, the bone cement may be broken or the bone may be perforated during the bone cement removal operation. Moreover, in order to avoid the occurrence of such trouble, the operation is often prolonged and difficult.
[0005]
Therefore, as described above, since the main component of the bone cement is PMMA, it has been considered to remove this using ultrasonic waves. That is, the bone cement mainly composed of PMMA has high energy absorption and low thermal conductivity. Therefore, when the tip tool of the ultrasonic oscillator is pressed against the bone cement, the bone cement and the tip tool are used. The energy injected at the interface is absorbed at the interface, causing sufficient friction, and the frictional heat is stored to soften the bone cement in contact with the tip tool surface. Bone cement can be removed.
[0006]
Conventionally, the tip of the ultrasonic oscillator is a flat-type tool, and after removing the artificial bone, the bone cement that is fixed in a cylindrical shape along the inner wall of the bone marrow cavity is slightly attached from the inside. Although it is removed by cutting each time, the sharp corners of the tip tool may bite into the inner wall of the bone marrow cavity during the procedure, or it may contact and generate a high temperature to create a burn, In addition, various defects such as severe wear on the tip tool were observed.
[0007]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention is intended to provide a bone cement removing apparatus that can reliably and smoothly remove bone cement without causing the obstacles found in the above-described conventional ones.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention has a tip-like tool integrally having a plate-like standing portion that has a hook-like portion having an arc-shaped cross section along the inner wall of the bone marrow cavity and that rises inward from the inner surface of the hook-like portion. In order to remove bone cement easily and reliably by cutting the bone cement at the upright part while connecting the bone cement to the ultrasonic oscillator and peeling the bone cement from the bone marrow cavity with the above hook-shaped part. To.
[0009]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
A tip tool 5 is attached to the tip of the operating device 4 from the ultrasonic oscillator 1 through the cable 2 and is activated by the foot switch 3. The tip tool 5 is detachably attached to the operation device 4 so that various types of tools can be used.
The distal tool 5 includes a hook-like portion 51 having an arcuate cross section substantially along the inner wall 9 of the bone marrow cavity 8 formed in the bone marrow of the femur and other bones 6 for attaching an artificial joint, and the hook-like shape. A standing portion 53 is provided that rises in a plate shape from the inner surface 52 of the portion 51 toward the inside.
[0010]
As shown in the drawing, the depth of the flange 51 gradually decreases toward the base 54 of the distal end tool 5, and the height of the standing portion 53 gradually decreases accordingly. And the front-end | tip 55 of the said hook-shaped part 51 and the front-end | tip 56 of the standing part 53 are sharply formed so that it may enter in bone cement easily.
Such a tip tool 5 can be made using a metal such as stainless steel or titanium.
[0011]
When this apparatus is used, the distal end tool 5 is placed on the inner wall 9 of the bone marrow cavity 8 of the bone 6 from which the stem of the artificial joint is extracted while the ultrasonic oscillator 1 is activated and controlled by the foot switch 3. If the tip of the tool is pushed into the back while the outer surface 57 of the hook-like portion 51 is in contact, the main component is PMMA that is in contact with the tip 55 of the hook-like portion 51 of the tool. The bone cement to be melted by heat is peeled off from the inner wall of the bone marrow cavity and is cut open to the left and right by the tip 56 of the upright portion 53. When the tip tool is further advanced, the bone cement 7 peeled off from the inner wall of the bone marrow cavity gradually escapes to the inside of the bone marrow cavity along the inclined surface of the inner surface 52 of the bowl-shaped part 51 (FIG. 4). FIG. 5).
[0012]
When the distal tool has advanced to a certain extent, the tool is pulled out and the same treatment is performed on the bone cement in the adjacent portion. Then, the standing portion 53 of the distal tool 5 causes the bone cement to pass through the bone marrow cavity. Since the bone cement is also cut in the diametrical direction, the bone cement can be removed as if it was cut off by the stick-like piece 71 (FIG. 5).
[0013]
If these operations are performed sequentially along the inner wall of the bone marrow cavity, the bone cement covering the inner surface of the bone marrow cavity can be removed cleanly without damaging the inner wall of the bone marrow cavity, and can be treated quickly. The time required for the replacement operation of the artificial joint can be shortened.
Also, if the bone cement mass is large and the thickness to the inner wall of the bone marrow cavity is thick, the inner bone cement is first taken with the hook-shaped portion of the tip tool positioned in the middle of the bone cement mass. Except that, after that, it is preferable to excise the rod-like portion by placing it on the inner wall of the bone marrow cavity.
[0014]
When removing the bone cement, if an ultrasonic oscillator is used to supply saline or the like in the vicinity of the tip tool in the form of a mist, overheating during operation can be prevented. Etc. can be further reduced.
[0015]
6 shows that the arc of the cross-section of the hook-like portion 51 of the tip tool 5 is formed small, and that of FIG. 7 is that the cross-section arc is further reduced and the inner diameter of the bone marrow cavity is small. It can be used effectively in cases such as when removing a part of the inside of a bone cement lump when the bone cement lump is large.
[0016]
8 shows that the upper surface 58 of the upright portion 53 of the tip tool 5 is sharply formed, and can be used effectively particularly when the bone cement is thick.
Moreover, the above-mentioned standing part 53 can use the thing which made the height gradually reduce toward the front end side, and formed the whole tip tool in the taper shape effectively.
[0017]
【The invention's effect】
In the present invention, as described above, the tip tool connected to the ultrasonic oscillator is formed by integrally forming the hook-shaped portion having a cross-sectional arc shape and the rising portion rising from the inner surface thereof, thereby peeling the bone cement. However, since it can be divided and divided, the bone cement can be removed cleanly along the inner wall of the bone marrow cavity, the bone is not damaged, and the time for the removal operation during the operation can be greatly shortened. The overall efficiency of the operation can be achieved.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a partially omitted perspective view showing an embodiment of the tip tool of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of FIG.
FIG. 4 is an explanatory view showing a state in which bone cement is removed from the bone marrow cavity.
FIG. 5 is an explanatory view showing, in an enlarged manner, a state in which bone cement is removed from the bone marrow cavity.
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing another embodiment of the tip tool of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a sectional view showing still another embodiment of the tip tool of the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view showing another example of the tip tool of the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Ultrasonic oscillator 2 Cable 3 Foot switch 4 Operator 5 Tip tool 6 Bone 7 Bone cement 8 Bone marrow cavity 9 Inner wall 51 of the bone marrow cavity Tip tool hook part 52 Tip tool Inner surface 53 Standing part 54 of the tip tool 54 Base part 55 of the tip tool 56 Tip of the hook part 56 Standing part tip 57 Outer surface 58 of the tip tool Upper surface of the standing part

Claims (4)

超音波発振機に連結され、骨髄の中に形成された人工関節の一部が挿入されて固定用骨セメントが充填される骨髄腔の内壁に沿うような断面弧状をした樋状部と、該樋状部の内面より内側に向かって板状に起立する起立部を一体に形成した先端ツールを備えた人工関節固定用骨セメントの除去装置。  A hook-like portion that is connected to an ultrasonic oscillator and has a cross-sectional arc shape along the inner wall of the bone marrow cavity into which a part of the artificial joint formed in the bone marrow is inserted and filled with bone cement for fixation; An apparatus for removing a bone cement for artificial joint fixation, comprising a tip tool integrally formed with an upright portion that rises in a plate shape from the inner surface of the bowl-shaped portion toward the inside. 超音波発振機に連結された先端ツールであって、人工関節が挿入され固定用骨セメントが充填される骨髄腔の内壁に沿うような断面弧状をした樋状部と、該樋状部の内面より内側に向かって板状に起立する起立部を一体に形成した人工関節固定用骨セメントの除去装置の先端ツール。 A tip tool connected to an ultrasonic oscillator, having a cross-section arc-shaped along the inner wall of the bone marrow cavity into which an artificial joint is inserted and filled with bone cement for fixation, and an inner surface of the hook-shaped section The tip tool of the bone cement removal device for artificial joint fixation, which is integrally formed with an upright portion that rises in a plate shape toward the inside. 上記樋状部の先端及び/または起立部の先端を鋭利に形成した請求項2記載の人工関節固定用骨セメントの除去装置の先端ツール。  The distal end tool of the bone cement removing apparatus for artificial joint fixation according to claim 2, wherein the distal end of the hook-shaped portion and / or the distal end of the standing portion is sharply formed. 上記起立部の上面を鋭利に形成した請求項2または3記載の人工関節固定用骨セメントの除去装置の先端ツール。  The tip tool of the bone cement removing apparatus for artificial joint fixation according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the upper surface of the upright portion is sharply formed.
JP11807799A 1999-04-26 1999-04-26 Bone cement removal device for artificial joint fixation Expired - Fee Related JP3855219B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP11807799A JP3855219B2 (en) 1999-04-26 1999-04-26 Bone cement removal device for artificial joint fixation

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP11807799A JP3855219B2 (en) 1999-04-26 1999-04-26 Bone cement removal device for artificial joint fixation

Publications (2)

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JP2000300576A JP2000300576A (en) 2000-10-31
JP3855219B2 true JP3855219B2 (en) 2006-12-06

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