JP3854594B2 - Tube expansion test method and jig - Google Patents
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- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 title claims description 23
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 20
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
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Description
本発明は、特に小径鋼管の拡管試験方法と拡管試験に用いる治具に関するものである。 The present invention particularly relates to a pipe expansion test method for a small diameter steel pipe and a jig used for the pipe expansion test.
例えば、電縫鋼管は、供給される帯鋼をその両側から順次円筒状に曲げられ溶接機でその接合部を高周波電流により加熱、溶接されて製造される。このように製造された電縫鋼管はその溶接部が十分な強度に保たれているか否かを確認するために、従来より種々の試験が行われている。例えば、ＪＩＳ規格のＧ０２０２には押広げ試験が規定されている。 For example, an electric resistance steel pipe is manufactured by bending a supplied steel strip in a cylindrical shape sequentially from both sides thereof, and heating and welding the joint portion with a high frequency current by a welding machine. In order to confirm whether or not the welded portion of the electric resistance welded steel pipe manufactured in this way is maintained at a sufficient strength, various tests have been conventionally performed. For example, the spread test is defined in JIS standard G0202.
この押広げ試験は、電縫鋼管を７０ｍｍ程度の長さに輪切りにして円筒状の試験片とし、前記試験片を頂角が６０度の円錐形の治具に乗せ、試験片を上方から押圧することによりラッパ形に拡管させて、拡管部に割れが生じたか否かを調べる試験である。
図４は、前記押広げ試験方法を示す図であり、定盤２上に設置された頂角が６０度の円錐形の治具３上に試験片１を同軸に乗せ、前記試験片１をその上端からプレス装置４で押圧している状態を示している。１１は試験片の上端を押圧されることにより下方で拡管されている拡管部である。前記拡管部１１が所定の拡管量に到達した時にプレス装置４での押圧を止め、治具３から試験片１を取り出し前記拡管部１１での割れの有無を調べる。
In this spreading test, the ERW steel pipe is cut into a length of about 70 mm to form a cylindrical test piece, the test piece is placed on a conical jig having a vertex angle of 60 degrees, and the test piece is pressed from above. In this test, the tube is expanded into a trumpet shape to check whether a crack has occurred in the expanded portion.
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the spreading test method, in which a test piece 1 is coaxially placed on a conical jig 3 having a vertex angle of 60 degrees installed on a surface plate 2, and the test piece 1 is mounted. The state which is pressing with the press apparatus 4 from the upper end is shown. Reference numeral 11 denotes a tube expansion portion that is expanded downward by pressing the upper end of the test piece. When the pipe expansion part 11 reaches a predetermined pipe expansion amount, the pressing by the press device 4 is stopped, the test piece 1 is taken out from the jig 3, and the presence or absence of cracks in the pipe expansion part 11 is examined.
例えば、ボイラチューブの場合は、前記押広げ試験における拡管量は種類によって異なるがおよそ外径の２０％程度に規定され、問題なく拡管することができ拡管部の割れ発生の有無を調べることができる。また、前記ＪＩＳ規格に替わる押広げ試験方法として、試験片の端部に、先端に向けて外周のみを切削して外径が縮小するテーパー状に形成した後、前記試験片に形成したテーパー部を上向きにし、そのテーパー部が形成された端部に逆円錐形状の治具を同軸に押し込む試験方法がある。
しかし、ＪＩＳ規格のＧ０２０２に規定の押広げ試験は、せいぜい外径の２０％程度の拡管量による試験であるのに対し、例えば肉厚が１ｍｍにも満たないフィラーチューブのように外径に対する肉厚の比が小さく、しかも外径寸法と同量の拡管量の試験になると、試験片の押圧部にガイドがないため試験片自身が目標の拡管量に達するまでに図４に示す試験片１の上部に座屈１２が生じ、正確な押広げ試験ができないという問題がある。 However, the expansion test specified in G0202 of the JIS standard is a test with a tube expansion amount of about 20% of the outer diameter at most, whereas the wall thickness with respect to the outer diameter, such as a filler tube having a wall thickness of less than 1 mm, is used. When the ratio of the thickness is small and the expanded pipe amount is equal to the outer diameter, the test piece 1 shown in FIG. 4 is required until the test piece itself reaches the target expanded pipe amount because there is no guide at the pressing portion of the test piece. There is a problem that buckling 12 occurs in the upper part of the metal plate and an accurate spread test cannot be performed.
また、特許文献１に記載された方法は、試験片の端部に先端に向けて外径を縮小するテーパー部を形成した後、前記テーパー部を形成した試験片の上方から逆円錐形の治具を押し込む試験方法であるため、肉厚の薄いテーパー部からの割れが発現されやすく微少疵の検査には効果的である反面、前記フィラーチューブの試験のように外径寸法と同量の拡管量とする押広げ試験になると試験片が割れてしまい押広げ試験にならないという問題がある。 In addition, the method described in Patent Document 1 forms a tapered portion that reduces the outer diameter toward the tip at the end of the test piece, and then has an inverted conical shape from above the test piece on which the tapered portion is formed. Because it is a test method that pushes in the tool, cracks from thin tapered parts are easy to appear, and it is effective for the inspection of minute flaws, but it can be expanded by the same amount as the outer diameter as in the filler tube test. When the amount of the spread test is the amount, there is a problem that the test piece is cracked and does not become the spread test.
本発明における拡管試験方法は、定盤上に設置した、内部下部が試験片の外径に相当し内部上部が最終拡管量を規定する外枠内に試験片を挿入し、前記試験片内に下部が試験片の内径に相当し上部が最終拡管量に満たない少拡管量の拡管プラグを挿入して前記拡管プラグを押圧する作業を、順次、小径部が同じ径で、広がり角度も同じ値の、上部が大拡管量となる拡管プラグに交換して行うことで最終拡管量とすることとしている。 In the pipe expansion test method of the present invention, the test piece is inserted into an outer frame installed on a surface plate, the inner lower part corresponds to the outer diameter of the test piece and the inner upper part defines the final pipe expansion amount, and the test piece is inserted into the test piece. The lower part corresponds to the inner diameter of the test piece, and the upper part inserts the expansion plug with a small expansion amount that is less than the final expansion amount and presses the expansion plug, sequentially, the small diameter part has the same diameter and the same expansion angle. The final expansion amount is determined by exchanging with an expansion plug whose upper portion has a large expansion amount.
また、前記拡管試験方法は、内部下部が試験片の外径に相当し内部上部が最終拡管量を規定する外枠と複数の拡管プラグからなり、前記拡管プラグの下部は試験片の内径に相当する第一の円柱部と、前記第一の円柱部の上方を径大に導く第一の截頭逆円錐部と、前記第一の截頭逆円錐部の上方に連なる第二の円柱部を少なくとも形成し、前記複数の拡管プラグは、前記第二の円柱部に導く截頭逆円錐部の小径部が同じ径で、広がり角度も同じ値であり、また、前記第二の円柱部の径が最大の拡管プラグは、前記外枠の内部形状より試験片の肉厚分小さい最終拡管内径に相当する形状である拡管試験治具を使用するにより実施できる。 Further, in the tube expansion test method, the inner lower portion corresponds to the outer diameter of the test piece, the inner upper portion includes an outer frame that defines the final tube expansion amount and a plurality of tube expansion plugs, and the lower portion of the tube expansion plug corresponds to the inner diameter of the test piece. A first cylindrical portion, a first truncated inverse conical portion that guides the upper portion of the first cylindrical portion to a large diameter, and a second cylindrical portion that continues to the upper portion of the first truncated inverted cone portion. At least the plurality of tube expansion plugs are formed such that the small-diameter portion of the truncated inverted cone portion leading to the second cylindrical portion has the same diameter and the same spread angle, and the diameter of the second cylindrical portion There biggest pipe expansion plug can be carried out by using a shape in which the tube expanding test fixture which corresponds to the thickness fraction smaller final tube expansion inside diameter of the internal shape than test pieces of the outer frame.
本発明の拡管試験方法は、内部下部が試験片の外径に相当し内部上部が最終拡管量を規定する外枠内に試験片を挿入することで、試験片の下部全表面を外枠の内部下部で保持し、しかも試験片内に挿入した前記拡管プラグの押圧力は、拡管プラグの数に分割されて拡管に作用し試験片自身に負荷される押圧力が少なくなり、試験片を直接押圧することによる座屈発生等の問題が生じない。しかも拡管製品の加工に近似した外枠と拡管プラグを使用する拡管試験方法であるので試験結果の信頼性が高められる。また拡管試験に使用する治具は特殊な加工を施したり精密機器を採用するものでもなく、安価に作成できその保管管理も容易にできるという利点がある。 In the pipe expansion test method of the present invention, the entire lower surface of the test piece is placed on the outer frame by inserting the test piece into an outer frame in which the inner lower part corresponds to the outer diameter of the test piece and the inner upper part defines the final pipe expansion amount. The pressing force of the tube expansion plug that is held in the lower part of the tube and inserted into the test piece is divided into the number of tube expansion plugs and acts on the tube expansion to reduce the pressing force that is applied to the test piece itself. Problems such as buckling due to pressing do not occur. In addition, since the pipe expansion test method uses an outer frame and a pipe expansion plug that are close to the processing of the pipe expansion product, the reliability of the test results can be improved. In addition, the jig used for the pipe expansion test is not specially processed or employs precision equipment, and has the advantage that it can be produced at low cost and can be stored and managed easily.
以下、本発明について詳細に説明する。
本発明者は、従来からの押広げ試験方法を実施した場合に試験片に座屈が生じる原因について種々の検討を行った。
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.
The inventor has conducted various studies on the cause of buckling of the test piece when the conventional spread test method is carried out.
前記図４に示す従来の押広げ試験方法であると、
１）１回のプレスで試験片１を最終拡管量まで拡管させるために、拡管部１１全域に円周方向に発生する引張り力に勝る押圧力を負荷せねばならないこと、
２）円錐形の治具３と試験片１間に大きな摩擦力が発生し、摩擦力に勝る押圧力も負荷せねばならないこと、
３）押圧力を負荷する試験片１には、その変形を防止するためのガイドがないこと、
等により試験片１上端にプレス装置４の非常に大きな押圧力を必要とする。
In the conventional spreading test method shown in FIG.
1) In order to expand the test piece 1 to the final expansion amount with a single press, it is necessary to apply a pressing force that exceeds the tensile force generated in the circumferential direction to the entire expanded portion 11;
2) A large frictional force is generated between the conical jig 3 and the test piece 1, and a pressing force that exceeds the frictional force must be loaded.
3) The test piece 1 to which the pressing force is applied has no guide for preventing its deformation,
Therefore, a very large pressing force of the pressing device 4 is required on the upper end of the test piece 1.
そして、試験片１の上部でその円周方向の一部に耐座屈力の限界を超えると、その箇所が座屈の起点となり耐座屈力が飽和になっている円周方向に伝播して座屈が生じ、同時にその衝撃で上下方向にも広がり一定幅の座屈１２となることが判明した。この座屈１２は、試験片１の内外面が凹凸となる小さな蛇腹状である。
このような座屈１２は、外径に対する肉厚の比が小さくなると発生しやすくなるが、従来からの押広げ試験では外径の２倍まで拡管する必要がなかった。また、拡管の途中で座屈が発生した場合にはその時点で合格と判定していた。そのため座屈の発生を抑制する押広げ試験方法が今まで考慮されていなかった。
And when the limit of the buckling resistance is exceeded in a part of the circumferential direction at the upper part of the test piece 1, the portion becomes the starting point of buckling and propagates in the circumferential direction where the buckling resistance is saturated. It has been found that buckling occurs, and at the same time, the impact spreads in the vertical direction, resulting in a buckling 12 having a constant width. This buckling 12 is a small bellows shape in which the inner and outer surfaces of the test piece 1 are uneven.
Such buckling 12 is likely to occur when the ratio of the wall thickness to the outer diameter becomes small, but it has not been necessary to expand the tube up to twice the outer diameter in the conventional spreading test. Moreover, when buckling occurred in the middle of tube expansion, it was determined to be acceptable at that time. Therefore, a spread test method that suppresses the occurrence of buckling has not been considered so far.
そこで本発明者は、座屈の発生を防止するために、
１）１回のプレスで試験片を最終拡管量まで拡管させずに、拡管を数回に分けて行うと、拡管部に発生する摩擦力も試験片に負荷される圧縮力も大幅に低減されること、
２）拡管のためのプレス装置での押圧力を試験片に直接負荷せず、座屈の直接原因をなくすこと、
３）試験片に拡管を付与しない部分は、試験片をそのままの形状に保ち座屈を防ぐための原形保持部を試験治具に形成すること、
４）鋼管を拡管製品に加工する際の加工内容に似せ、拡管試験の信頼性を高めること、
５）簡素でその取り扱いが容易な拡管治具とすること、
等を考慮した。
Therefore, the present inventors have, in order to prevent the occurrence of buckling,
1) If the pipe is expanded several times without expanding the test piece to the final expansion amount with a single press, the frictional force generated in the expanded part and the compressive force applied to the test piece can be greatly reduced. ,
2) Eliminate the direct cause of buckling without directly applying the pressing force of the press device for expanding the tube to the test piece;
3) For the part that does not give pipe expansion to the test piece, keep the test piece in its original shape and form an original shape holding part to prevent buckling in the test jig,
4) Improving the reliability of the pipe expansion test by resembling the processing details when processing steel pipes into pipe expansion products.
5) Use a simple and easy-to-handle tube expansion jig.
Etc. were considered.
すなわち、本発明に係る拡管試験方法は、定盤上に設置した、内部下部が試験片の外径に相当し内部上部が最終拡管量を規定する外枠内に試験片を挿入し、前記試験片内に下部が試験片の内径に相当し上部が最終拡管量に満たない少拡管量の拡管プラグを挿入して前記拡管プラグを押圧する作業を、順次、小径部が同じ径で、広がり角度も同じ値の、上部が大拡管量となる拡管プラグに交換して行うことで最終拡管量とする拡管試験方法である。 That is, in the tube expansion test method according to the present invention, the test piece is inserted into an outer frame installed on the surface plate, the inner lower part corresponds to the outer diameter of the test piece and the inner upper part defines the final pipe expansion amount, and the test Insert the expansion plug with a small expansion amount in the lower part corresponding to the inner diameter of the test piece and the upper part less than the final expansion amount into the piece, and press the expansion plug in order. This is a tube expansion test method in which the final tube expansion amount is obtained by exchanging with a tube expansion plug having the same value and a large tube expansion amount at the top.
また、本発明に係る拡管試験治具は、内部下部が試験片の外径に相当し内部上部が最終拡管量を規定する外枠と複数の拡管プラグからなり、前記拡管プラグの下部は試験片の内径に相当する第一の円柱部と、前記第一の円柱部の上方を径大に導く第一の截頭逆円錐部と、前記第一の截頭逆円錐部の上方に連なる第二の円柱部を少なくとも形成し、前記複数の拡管プラグは、前記第二の円柱部に導く截頭逆円錐部の小径部が同じ径で、広がり角度も同じ値であり、また、前記第二の円柱部の径が最大の拡管プラグは前記外枠の内部形状より試験片の肉厚分小さい最終拡管内径に相当する形状である拡管試験治具であり、場合によっては前記拡管プラグは、前記第一の截頭逆円錐部と第二の円柱部の間に、前記第一の截頭逆円錐部に連なる第三の円柱部と前記第三の円柱部の上方に径大に導く第三の截頭逆円錐部を形成した拡管試験治具である。 The tube expansion test jig according to the present invention comprises an outer frame in which the inner lower portion corresponds to the outer diameter of the test piece and the inner upper portion defines the final tube expansion amount and a plurality of tube expansion plugs, and the lower portion of the tube expansion plug is the test piece. A first cylindrical portion corresponding to the inner diameter of the first truncated cone, a first truncated inverted conical portion that guides the upper portion of the first cylindrical portion to a larger diameter, and a second continuous with the upper portion of the first truncated inverted cone portion. The plurality of pipe expansion plugs have the same diameter and the same spread angle as the small diameter portion of the truncated inverted cone portion leading to the second cylindrical portion, and the second expansion plug has the same value . The tube expansion plug with the largest diameter of the cylindrical portion is a tube expansion test jig having a shape corresponding to the final tube expansion inner diameter smaller than the inner shape of the outer frame by the thickness of the test piece. Between the first truncated inverted cone portion and the second cylindrical portion, a third continuous with the first truncated inverted cone portion It is a pipe expansion test jig to form a third truncated inverted cone section leading to the large diameter and the pillar portion above the third cylindrical portion.
本発明において、拡管するための拡管プラグを複数にして順次拡管するようにしたのは、一度に最終拡管量まで拡管させずに少量の拡管量を重ねることにより試験片下部に負荷される圧縮力を低減させると共に、拡管製品に加工する際の拡管内容に似せ拡管試験の信頼性を高めるためである。 In the present invention, a plurality of expansion plugs for expanding the tube are sequentially expanded because the compressive force applied to the lower part of the test piece by overlapping a small amount of expansion without expanding the tube to the final expansion at once. This is to improve the reliability of the pipe expansion test by resembling the contents of pipe expansion when processing into a pipe expansion product.
また、拡管プラグを複数設けるのに反し外枠を一つにするのは、外枠の内部上部は最終拡管量まで拡管する過程で試験片を拘束せずに無用な歪みを試験片に与えないためであり、同時に外枠への試験片の取り付けの手数を省くためである。
そして、外枠の内部下部を試験片の外径と同寸法にしたのは、試験片を外枠内に挿入し試験片の上端から拡管プラグを挿入して拡管する際、下部に負荷される圧縮力で試験片が蛇腹状の座屈や変形するのを抑制し試験片の原形を保持するためである。試験片の外径規制は変形の余地を少なくし変形防止の最も効果的なものである。
さらに、外枠の上部を最終拡管量を規定する形状としたのは、試験片の一層薄肉厚になる拡管部分に必要以上の無駄な変形の発生を防ぎ、拡管製品の拡管形状に沿わせた拡管試験とするためである。
In addition, in contrast to providing a plurality of pipe expansion plugs, one outer frame is used because the inner upper part of the outer frame does not restrain the test piece in the process of expanding the pipe to the final expansion amount and does not give unnecessary strain to the test piece. This is because, at the same time, it saves the trouble of attaching the test piece to the outer frame.
And the reason why the inner lower part of the outer frame is made the same size as the outer diameter of the test piece is that when the test piece is inserted into the outer frame and the pipe expansion plug is inserted from the upper end of the test piece and the pipe is expanded, the lower part is loaded. This is because the compressive force prevents the test piece from buckling or deforming in a bellows shape and maintains the original shape of the test piece. The outer diameter regulation of the test piece is the most effective for preventing deformation by reducing the room for deformation.
In addition, the shape of the upper part of the outer frame that defines the final pipe expansion amount prevents unnecessary deformation of the pipe expansion part where the test piece becomes thinner, and conforms to the pipe expansion shape of the pipe expansion product. This is for the pipe expansion test.
拡管プラグの下部を試験片の内径に相当する第一の円柱部としたのは、前記外枠の内部下部とで試験片を挟む状態として、試験片の下部変形をより一層防ぐと共に拡管プラグの拡管押圧の際の安定下降を導くためである。また、拡管プラグの各円柱部間に截頭逆円錐部を設けたのは、試験片の拡管開始部に発生する歪みを集中させず、同時に、加工製品形状に似せた試験とするためである。 The first cylindrical portion corresponding to the inner diameter of the test piece is used as the first cylindrical part corresponding to the inner diameter of the test piece. The lower part of the test piece is further prevented from being deformed while the test piece is sandwiched between the inner lower part of the outer frame. This is to lead to a stable descent at the time of expanding the tube. In addition, the reason why the truncated inverted conical portion is provided between the cylindrical portions of the tube expansion plug is to concentrate the distortion generated at the tube expansion start portion of the test piece, and at the same time, to make the test similar to the shape of the processed product. .
同様に拡管プラグの最大拡管部を円柱部にするのも拡管製品形状に似せた試験とするためである。
更に、第一の截頭逆円錐部と第二の円柱部の間に、前記第一の截頭逆円錐部に連なる第三の円柱部とその上方に径大に導く第三の截頭逆円錐部を形成すると、試験片に発生する変形歪みが第三の円柱部分で途切れ、截頭逆円錐部での変形歪みの蓄積が減少し、試験作業者による拡管プラグの押圧速度等の試験環境の変化に余裕を持たせることができる。
なお、“外径に相当”“内径に相当”とは“外径に同一”“内径に同一”ということではなく、「外枠内に試験片の安定挿入の可能範囲」、「試験片内に拡管プラグの安定挿入の可能範囲」で、直径差で１ｍｍ以内である。
Similarly, the reason why the maximum expanded portion of the expanded plug is a cylindrical portion is to make the test resemble the expanded product shape.
Furthermore, between the first truncated conical portion and the second cylindrical portion, a third cylindrical portion connected to the first truncated inverted conical portion and a third truncated inverse leading to a large diameter above the third cylindrical portion. When the cone is formed, the deformation strain generated in the test piece is interrupted at the third cylindrical portion, the accumulation of deformation strain at the truncated inverted cone decreases, and the test environment such as the pressing speed of the tube expansion plug by the test operator Can afford to change.
Note that “equivalent to outer diameter” and “equivalent to inner diameter” do not mean “same as outer diameter” or “same as inner diameter”, but “range of stable insertion of test piece in outer frame”, “inside test piece” The range of diameter expansion is within 1 mm.
以下、本発明の拡管試験治具の一例を示す図面により説明する。なお、同じ部分には同じ符号を付与している。
図１は本発明おける３個の拡管プラグを示し、図２は前記拡管プラグと対をなす外枠の断面図を示している。
図１における拡管プラグは拡管部を第二の円柱部と第三の円柱部の２段に設けた例であり、図１の（ａ）図は最も小さい小拡管プラグ５、（ｃ）図は最も大きい最大拡管プラグ７、（ｂ）図は（ａ）図と（ｃ）図の各拡管プラグの中間の大きさの中拡管プラグ６を示している。
Hereinafter, it demonstrates with reference to drawings which show an example of the pipe expansion test jig | tool of this invention. In addition, the same code | symbol is provided to the same part.
FIG. 1 shows three expanded pipes according to the present invention, and FIG. 2 shows a cross-sectional view of an outer frame paired with the expanded plug.
The tube expansion plug in FIG. 1 is an example in which the tube expansion portion is provided in two stages of a second cylindrical portion and a third cylindrical portion. FIG. 1 (a) is the smallest small tube expansion plug 5, and FIG. The largest maximum pipe expansion plug 7, FIG. 5 (b) shows the middle pipe expansion plug 6 having a size intermediate between the pipe expansion plugs of FIGS.
（ａ）図において、５１は小拡管プラグ５の第一の円柱部であって円筒状に切断した試験片の内径に相当する径にしている。また、第一の円柱部５１の下端は試験片の内部に挿入容易なように円周に沿って角Ｃを取っている。５２は第一の截頭逆円錐部であって前記第一の円柱部５１の上方に形成して試験片を拡管させるための第三の円柱部５３に連らなっている。５４は前記第三の円柱部５３の径より更に大きく拡管するための第三の截頭逆円錐部であって、この第三の截頭逆円錐部５４の上方に第二の円柱部５５を形成している。前記第二の円柱部５５はこの小拡管プラグ５の中で最も径が大きいが、試験片の拡管量を少しに留める値である。
(A) In the figure,
（ｂ）図の中拡管プラグ６の第一の円柱部５１、第一の截頭逆円錐部５２、第三の円柱部５３の各部の大きさは、小拡管プラグ５の大きさと同じ大きさであり、また第三の截頭逆円錐部６４の広がり角度も小拡管プラグ５の広がり角度と同じ値である。その截頭逆円錐部の長さを長くすることにより拡張量を大きくし、従ってこの第三の截頭逆円錐部６４に連なる第二の円柱部６５は小拡管プラグ５の円柱部５５に比べて大きくしている。
(B) The sizes of the first
（ｃ）図は最大拡管プラグ７であって、この第一の円柱部５１、第一の截頭逆円錐部５２、第三の円柱部５３の各部の大きさは、前記小拡管プラグ５、中拡管プラグ６のものと同じ大きさで、また第三の截頭逆円錐部７４は中拡管プラグ６のものと同様にその長さを長くすることにより拡張量を大きくしている。そしてこの第三の截頭逆円錐部７４に連なる第二の円柱部７５の径は、前記小拡管プラグ５、中拡管プラグ６のものに比べて最も大きくなり、最終拡管量における試験片の内径に相当するものであり、例えば、第一の円柱部５１の径の約２倍に相当する。
(C) The figure shows the maximum tube expansion plug 7, and the size of each of the first
図２に示す外枠８は、図１に示す拡管プラグに対応する外枠８であり、８１は第一の円柱部５１に対応する第一の円柱孔であって、試験片の外径に相当し、拡管プラグの円柱部５１の径に対しては試験片の肉厚分大きい径の開口となっている。同様に８２は拡管プラグの第一の截頭逆円錐部５２に対応する第一の截頭逆円錐孔であって、第一の截頭逆円錐部５２に対し試験片の肉厚分大きい径の開口となっている。また、８３は第三の円柱部５３に対応する第三の円柱孔であって円柱部５３の径に対し試験片の肉厚分大きい径の開口となっている。
An outer frame 8 shown in FIG. 2 is an outer frame 8 corresponding to the tube expansion plug shown in FIG. 1, and 81 is a first cylindrical hole corresponding to the first
８４、８５は最大拡管プラグ７の第三の截頭逆円錐部７４とそれに連なる第二の円柱部７５の径に対応する第三の截頭逆円錐孔と第二の円柱孔であって、試験片の肉厚分大きい径の開口となっている。すなわち、外枠８に形成した内部の空間は、最大拡管プラグ７よりも試験片の肉厚分のみ大きい孔形を形成したものである。
84 and 85 are a third truncated inverted conical hole and a second cylindrical hole corresponding to the diameter of the third truncated
そして、外枠８、拡管プラグ５、６、７の高さは、外枠８より拡管プラグ５、６、７を高くして外枠８への挿入、取り出しを容易としている。同様に試験片の長さも外枠８の高さよりも長いが拡管プラグ５、６、７の高さよりは短い値にして、拡管試験を容易にしている。 The height of the outer frame 8 and the tube expansion plugs 5, 6, 7 is made higher than that of the outer frame 8 to facilitate insertion and removal from the outer frame 8. Similarly, the length of the test piece is longer than the height of the outer frame 8 but shorter than the height of the tube expansion plugs 5, 6, 7 to facilitate the tube expansion test.
図３は前記した各拡管プラグと外枠８からなる試験治具を使用して拡管試験をする場合の一例を示す図である。
先ず、定盤２上に外枠８を設置する。次いで前記外枠８の高さよりやや長めに輪切りにされた試験片１を挿入する。外枠８の第一の円柱孔は前記試験片１の外径に相当するから、試験片１を定盤２上まで容易に挿入可能で外枠８の第一の円柱孔８１と試験片１間には大きな隙間が生じず、しかも図示のように第一の円柱孔８１の長さを適度に設けているので試験片１は安定した状態に設定でき、試験片１に押縮力が負荷されても第一の円柱孔８１で試験片１の変形が抑制される。
FIG. 3 is a view showing an example of a pipe expansion test using a test jig composed of each of the above-described pipe expansion plugs and the outer frame 8.
First, the outer frame 8 is installed on the surface plate 2. Next, the test piece 1 cut into a circle slightly longer than the height of the outer frame 8 is inserted. Since the first cylindrical hole of the outer frame 8 corresponds to the outer diameter of the test piece 1, the test piece 1 can be easily inserted up to the surface plate 2 and the first
次いで、前記外枠８内に設定された試験片１内に該試験片１の高さより長い小拡管プラグ５を挿入する。小拡管プラグ５の第一の円柱部５１の径は試験片１の内径に相当し、また第一の円柱部５１の下端は円周に沿って角Ｃを取っているので試験片１内への挿入は容易に行われる。小拡管プラグ５の第一の円柱部５１が試験片１内への挿入された時点で、前記小拡管プラグ５をその上端からプレス装置４で押圧し、第一の截頭逆円錐部５２、第三の円柱部５３、第三の截頭逆円錐部５４、第二の円柱部５５に相当する部位の試験片１を拡管する。
Next, a small tube expansion plug 5 longer than the height of the test piece 1 is inserted into the test piece 1 set in the outer frame 8. The diameter of the first
このように試験片１に直接押圧力を加えず、また小拡管プラグ５における第三の円柱部５３および第二の円柱部５５の拡管量は最終拡管量の１／３程度で拡管プラグ５の押圧時に試験片１に加わる圧縮力を弱めている。
また第一の円柱部５１と第一の円柱孔８１を比較的長くしているので、第二の円柱部５５が試験片１に達する時にはすでに第一の円柱部５１の一部が外枠８の第一の円柱孔８１に達し、小拡管プラグ５の円柱孔内への安定挿入と試験片１をその内面側から保持する形となっている。
As described above, the pressing force is not directly applied to the test piece 1, and the expansion amount of the third
In addition, since the first
小拡管プラグ５の下端が定盤２に達すると、プレス装置４を上昇をさせ、小拡管プラグ５を試験片１内から抜き取り、替って試験片１内に中拡管プラグ６を挿入する。
中拡管プラグ６は試験片１内で第三の截頭逆円錐部６４の箇所までプレス装置４を作動させることなく挿入でき、かかる状態から再度試験片１の上方に突き出た中拡管プラグ６の上端からプレス装置４で押圧する。この押圧で試験片１は第三の截頭逆円錐部６４の一部分と第二の円柱部６５で拡管され、その新たな拡管量は最終拡管量の１／３程度である。
When the lower end of the small tube expansion plug 5 reaches the surface plate 2, the press device 4 is raised, the small tube expansion plug 5 is extracted from the test piece 1, and the medium tube expansion plug 6 is inserted into the test piece 1 instead.
The medium expansion plug 6 can be inserted into the test piece 1 up to the third truncated
中拡管プラグ６の下端が定盤２に達すると、プレス装置４を上昇をさせ、中拡管プラグ６を試験片１内から抜き取り、替って試験片１内に最大拡管プラグ７を挿入する。
最大拡管プラグ７は試験片１内で第三の截頭逆円錐部７４の箇所までプレス装置４を作動させることなく挿入でき、かかる状態から再度試験片１の上方に突き出た最大拡管プラグ７の上端からプレス装置４で押圧する。この押圧で第三の截頭逆円錐部７４と第二の円柱部７５により試験片１を最終拡管量まで拡管させる。
When the lower end of the medium expansion plug 6 reaches the surface plate 2, the press device 4 is raised, the medium expansion plug 6 is extracted from the test piece 1, and the maximum tube expansion plug 7 is inserted into the test piece 1 instead.
The maximum tube expansion plug 7 can be inserted in the test piece 1 up to the third truncated
このように、拡管プラグに加える押圧力を拡管力に変換しながら試験片１に加え、しかも１拡管当たりの拡管量を拡管プラグの数により分散させ、製品形状に類似した円筒上に拡管している。しかも、中拡管プラグと最大拡管プラグでの拡管の際には、拡管プラグの押圧に伴なう試験片１への圧縮力は試験片の下方のみならず、第一の截頭逆円錐孔８２や第三の截頭逆円錐孔８４の一部でも吸収されることになる。
In this way, the pressing force applied to the tube expansion plug is converted into the tube expansion force, applied to the test piece 1, and the amount of tube expansion per tube expansion is dispersed according to the number of tube expansion plugs, and the tube is expanded on a cylinder similar to the product shape. Yes. In addition, when expanding with the medium expansion plug and the maximum expansion plug, the compressive force applied to the test piece 1 due to the pressing of the expansion plug is not only below the test piece but also the first truncated inverted
以下、本発明の拡管方法の実施例を示す。対象鋼管は電縫管によるフィラーチューブで拡管量は２Ｄ（Ｄ：試験片の外径）である。
本発明における試験方法は、外枠と３個の拡管プラグで順次拡管して所定の拡管量まで拡管する。
Examples of the tube expansion method of the present invention will be shown below. The target steel pipe is a filler tube made of an electric sewing tube, and the amount of expansion is 2D (D: outer diameter of the test piece).
In the test method according to the present invention, the pipe is sequentially expanded with an outer frame and three pipe expansion plugs, and is expanded to a predetermined pipe expansion amount.
１．試験片
鋼管サイズ：外径２５．４ｍｍ、肉厚０．８ｍｍ、長さ１０５ｍｍ
２．拡管プラグ
拡管プラグ数：小拡管プラグ、中拡管プラグ、最大拡管プラグの３種類
拡管プラグの全長：各拡管プラグ共に１２０ｍｍ
各拡管プラグ共に第一の円柱部：外径２３．５ｍｍ、長さ４０ｍｍ
各拡管プラグ共に第三の円柱部：外径２６．１ｍｍ、長さ１０ｍｍ
最大拡管プラグの第二の円柱部：外径４８．９ｍｍ
なお、第一の円柱部と第三の円柱部の間、第三の円柱部と第二の円柱部の間には截頭逆円錐部を形成し、第一の円柱部の下端の円周部は２ｍｍの角を取っている。
３．外枠
外枠の全長：１００ｍｍ
第一の円柱孔：内径２５．４ｍｍ、長さ４０ｍｍ
第三の円柱孔：内径２８．０ｍｍ、長さ１０ｍｍ
第二の円柱孔：内径５０．８ｍｍ、長さ１５ｍｍ
1. Test piece Steel pipe size: outer diameter 25.4mm, wall thickness 0.8mm, length 105mm
2. Expanded plugs Expanded plugs: Three types of small expanded plugs, medium expanded plugs, and maximum expanded plugs Overall length of expanded plugs: 120mm for each expanded plug
The first cylindrical part of each tube expansion plug: outer diameter 23.5 mm, length 40 mm
The third cylindrical part of each tube expansion plug: outer diameter 26.1 mm, length 10 mm
Second cylindrical part of the largest tube expansion plug: outer diameter 48.9mm
A truncated inverted cone is formed between the first cylindrical portion and the third cylindrical portion, and between the third cylindrical portion and the second cylindrical portion, and the circumference at the lower end of the first cylindrical portion. The part has a square of 2 mm.
3. Outer frame Overall length of outer frame: 100mm
First cylindrical hole: inner diameter 25.4 mm, length 40 mm
Third cylindrical hole: inner diameter 28.0 mm, length 10 mm
Second cylindrical hole: inner diameter 50.8 mm, length 15 mm
従来例における試験方法は、定盤上に設置された頂角が６０度の円錐形の治具の上に試験片を同軸状に乗せ、この試験片の上端からプレス装置で押圧する。
試験片のサイズは外径２５．４ｍｍ、肉厚０．８ｍｍ、長さ７０ｍｍである。
In the test method in the conventional example, a test piece is placed coaxially on a conical jig having a vertex angle of 60 degrees installed on a surface plate, and pressed from the upper end of the test piece by a press device.
The test piece has an outer diameter of 25.4 mm, a wall thickness of 0.8 mm, and a length of 70 mm.
本発明例、従来例共に５０本の試験片について実施した結果、本発明例では５０本全量について試験片に座屈が発生せず拡管試験を実施することができた。一方、従来例では全試験片についてほぼ1.5 Ｄ（Ｄ：試験片の外径）に拡管したところで上部に座屈が生じ拡管試験に至らなかった。
このように、従来からの押広げ試験方法では不可能であった肉厚０．８ｍｍの薄肉厚鋼管の２Ｄ（Ｄ：試験片の外径）までの拡管試験が、本発明方法によれば全量可能となった。
As a result of carrying out 50 specimens in both the inventive example and the conventional example, in the inventive example, the tube expansion test was able to be carried out with no buckling occurring in the specimen for all 50 pieces. On the other hand, in the conventional example, when all the test pieces were expanded to approximately 1.5 D (D: outer diameter of the test piece), buckling occurred at the upper portion, and the pipe expansion test was not completed.
As described above, according to the method of the present invention, the pipe expansion test up to 2D (D: outer diameter of the test piece) of a thin-walled steel pipe having a wall thickness of 0.8 mm, which was impossible with the conventional spread test method, It has become possible.
以上の実施例では、３個の拡管プラグに第一の截頭逆円錐部と第三の截頭逆円錐部を設け、この拡管プラグに対応した外枠により２段に試験片を拡管する例を説明したが、本発明では１段または３段以上の拡管でも同等の結果を得ることができる。また、拡管試験の際に拡管プラグに少量の潤滑油を塗布することもできる。 In the above embodiment, an example in which the first truncated inverted cone portion and the third truncated inverted cone portion are provided in three expanded plugs, and the test piece is expanded in two stages by an outer frame corresponding to the expanded plug. However, in the present invention, an equivalent result can be obtained even with one or three or more stages of expansion. Also, a small amount of lubricating oil can be applied to the tube expansion plug during the tube expansion test.
電縫鋼管に限らずどのような方法で製造された鋼管であれ、鋼管の特性によりＪＩＳ規格等で規定された押広げ試験方法での試験が不可能な時にも適用できる。 The steel pipe manufactured by any method is not limited to the electric resistance welded pipe, and can be applied when the test by the spread test method defined by the JIS standard or the like is impossible due to the characteristics of the steel pipe.
１ 試験片 １１ 拡管部
１２ 座屈
２ 定盤
３ 円錐形の治具
４ プレス装置
５ 小拡管プラグ
５１ 第一の円柱部 ５２ 第一の截頭逆円錐部
５３ 第三の円柱部 ５４ 第三の截頭逆円錐部
５５ 第二の円柱部
６ 中拡管プラグ ６４ 第三の截頭逆円錐部
６５ 第二の円柱部
７ 最大拡管プラグ ７４ 第三の截頭逆円錐部
７５ 第二の円柱部
８ 外枠 ８１ 第一の円柱孔
８２ 第一の截頭逆円錐孔 ８３ 第三の円柱孔
８４ 第三の截頭逆円錐孔 ８５ 第二の円柱孔
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Test piece 11 Expanded part 12 Buckling 2 Surface plate 3 Conical jig 4 Press apparatus 5 Small expanded
Claims (3)
定盤上に設置した、内部下部が試験片の外径に相当し内部上部が最終拡管量を規定する外枠内に試験片を挿入し、
前記試験片内に下部が試験片の内径に相当し上部が最終拡管量に満たない少拡管量の拡管プラグを挿入して前記拡管プラグを押圧する作業を、順次、小径部が同じ径で、広がり角度も同じ値の、上部が大拡管量となる拡管プラグに交換して行うことで最終拡管量とすることを特徴とする拡管試験方法。 In the tube expansion test method,
Insert the test piece into the outer frame installed on the surface plate, the inner lower part corresponds to the outer diameter of the test piece and the inner upper part defines the final tube expansion amount,
In the test piece, the lower part corresponds to the inner diameter of the test piece and the upper part is less than the final pipe expansion amount . A tube expansion test method characterized in that the final expansion amount is obtained by exchanging with a tube expansion plug having the same expansion angle and the upper portion having a large tube expansion amount.
前記拡管プラグの下部は試験片の内径に相当する第一の円柱部と、前記第一の円柱部の上方を径大に導く第一の截頭逆円錐部と、前記第一の截頭逆円錐部の上方に連なる第二の円柱部を少なくとも形成し、
前記複数の拡管プラグは、前記第二の円柱部に導く截頭逆円錐部の小径部が同じ径で、広がり角度も同じ値であり、また、前記第二の円柱部の径が最大の拡管プラグは前記外枠の内部形状より試験片の肉厚分小さい最終拡管内径に相当する形状であることを特徴とする拡管試験治具。 The inner lower part corresponds to the outer diameter of the test piece, and the inner upper part consists of an outer frame that defines the final pipe expansion amount and a plurality of pipe expansion plugs.
The lower portion of the tube expansion plug includes a first cylindrical portion corresponding to the inner diameter of the test piece, a first truncated inverted conical portion that guides the upper portion of the first cylindrical portion to a larger diameter, and the first inverted truncated cone. Forming at least a second cylindrical portion continuous above the conical portion;
In the plurality of tube expansion plugs, the small diameter portion of the truncated inverted conical portion led to the second cylindrical portion has the same diameter and the same spread angle, and the diameter of the second cylindrical portion is the largest. The tube expansion test jig, wherein the plug has a shape corresponding to a final tube expansion inner diameter that is smaller than the inner shape of the outer frame by the thickness of the test piece.
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