JP3849981B2 - Building spray - Google Patents

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JP3849981B2
JP3849981B2 JP2003131635A JP2003131635A JP3849981B2 JP 3849981 B2 JP3849981 B2 JP 3849981B2 JP 2003131635 A JP2003131635 A JP 2003131635A JP 2003131635 A JP2003131635 A JP 2003131635A JP 3849981 B2 JP3849981 B2 JP 3849981B2
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spray
cement
carbide
weight
building
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JP2004331469A (en
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昌洋 難波
政志 吉岡
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株式会社まさなみ鉄工
有限会社ウッドリサイクル栄和
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/91Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete

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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、建物用吹付材、特に鉄骨又はスレート材用の吹付材に係るもので、詳しくは建築物の鉄骨構造物の表面に吹付コーティングをすることにより、火災の際に高熱による鉄骨の強度及び耐力の低下を防止し、また、建築物の壁面及び天井などに吹付コーティングをすることにより、断熱、防音、結露防止などの性質をも付与できる建物用吹付材に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
建物用吹付仕上材には、次のような種類がある。すなわち、壁面用吹付材としての、セメント砂壁状吹付材は、主原料のセメントに顔料、骨材等を混入した吹付材であって、内外装仕上げに用いられるものである。そのほか、合成樹脂エマルジョン砂壁状吹付材、あるいはこれらの混合系であるセメント系複層模様吹付材や合成樹脂エマルジョン系複層模様吹付材がある。これらの仕上げが可能な下地は、コンクリート面、プレキャストコンクリートパネル面、モルタル面、ALCパネル面、コンクリートブロック面、木毛セメント板・木片セメント板・石綿スレート面パルプセメント板などであり、鉄骨表面の吹付けにはあまり用いられていない。
【0003】
そのほか、反応硬化型合成樹脂エマルジョン系複層模様吹付材として、エポキシ樹脂系などの反応硬化型合成樹脂エマルジョンに細骨材、無機質充てん材、増粘材、その他混和剤を混合した基剤と硬化剤とからなる吹付材がある。
【0004】
鉄骨やスレート板表面への吹付材には、例えば、ロックウール吹付材が開発され、上記の吹付材に加えてロックウール・セメント・石綿を調合したもので、内壁・天井の吸音及び断熱を目的とした仕上げに用いられる。
【0005】
また、軽量骨材吹付材としてパーライト、バーミキュライトなどの軽量骨材と結合材としてセメント系、合成樹脂エマルジョン系、あるいは石膏プラスター等の粘結材系の3種があり、これらは鉄骨表面への吹付材としても使用されている。
【0006】
現代社会が都市化されて人口密集地域が増えてくるに従い、狭い地域において大勢の人々が生きるための方策として、建築物の高層化及び大型化がなされており、その手段としては一般的に高層建築物に鉄骨構造が適用されている。
【0007】
本発明に関連性の高い従来技術としては、特許文献1記載の「建材とその製造方法」、特許文献2記載の「耐火及び吸音用被覆組成物」及び特許文献3記載の「竹炭粉塗料が塗布された木質板」がみられる。
【0008】
【特許文献1】
特開2000-265612号公報(第2頁、特許請求の範囲)
【特許文献2】
特開2000-001380号公報(第2頁、特許請求の範囲)
【特許文献3】
実用新案登録第3085790号公報(第2頁、実用新案登録請求の範囲)
【0009】
特許文献1には、不織布、木材加工屑及び炭化物の1種以上からなる単独又は複合材料を、高分子ラテックスや水溶性高分子を結合材として建築基材に接着することの記載がある。また、これらに無機粉体としてセメントを加えることの記載もある。
【0010】
特許文献2は、建築物の鉄骨構造の表面に吹付被覆する材料組成として、軽量骨材、結合材、吸熱材、膨張材及び炭化性吸音繊維からなる建物用吹付材について開示されている。ここで、結合材に各種セメントが、吸熱材に石灰が、そして増粘剤にポリビニルアルコール(PVA)を用いている。
【0011】
特許文献3には、PVAを主体とした竹炭粉塗料を塗布した木質板について記載され、結露防止を目的としている。
【0012】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかし、建造物、特に鉄骨構造をそのまま大型化した高層建造物に適用すれば、建物の火災発生に際して鉄骨構造材の軟化変形や内装材の燃焼時に発生する有毒ガスなどで人的被害を大きくするため、鉄骨構造物の表面には有毒ガスの発生しない耐火材を被覆することが必要になる。本発明は、以上のような従来技術をふまえて、鉄骨構造物に最適な断熱・結露防止用の吹付材につき、検討を加えたものである。他の目的として、木材チップやオガクズ等の製材屑チップ廃棄物の有効利用もある。
【0013】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明の構成は、大きくは、無機結合材、特に無機セメントと、炭化物及び木材チップを主材とする水性スラリーからなる建物用吹付材である。このものは特に鉄骨建造物用吹付材として好適で、鉄骨やスレート板に対する吹付被覆に有用である。
【0014】
また、無機結合材、特に無機セメント、炭化物、木材チップに加えて軽量骨材を混合したものを主材とする水性スラリーからなり、この軽量骨材を加えることにより吹付層の厚さが増すとともに、多孔質となって断熱・防音性を高めることができる。
【0015】
更に、主材に対し、水溶性高分子や水性高分子エマルジョンからなる有機結合材を添加して建物用吹付材とする。このことにより、鉄骨やスレート板への吹付材の接着性が増大する。
【0016】
このような主材に対し、更に、無機結合材としてのセメントの急結材を添加して、吹付時の垂れを防止し、吹付層の厚さを大かつ均一な建物用吹付材とする。ここで、最適な吹付材料としては、無機結合材としての無機セメントがポルトランドセメントやアルミナセメントであり、炭化物が木材チップの炭化物又は半炭化物であり、有機結合材としての水溶性高分子がポリビニールアルコール、水性高分子エマルジョンがPVAcやEVAcを主体とするエマルジョンである。
【0017】
ここで用いる無機結合材としてのセメントは、一般的なポルトランドセメントのほか、高炉セメント、白セメント、あるいは、シリカセメント、アルミナセメント又はマグネシアセメントからなるセメント類である。これらセメント類のほか、セメント類に対して、二水石膏、半水石膏、石膏プラスターからなる石膏類、又はマグネシア、硫酸マグネシウムなどを1種以上混合して使用する。このような無機結合材は、吹付材組成物中に20〜80重量%、好ましくは30〜70重量%の範囲で添加する。添加量が80重量%を越えると、被覆材の付着力と強度は優れているが、密度や熱伝導率が高くなって耐火性能が劣り、火災の際に組成物の応力発生が大きく、局部的に亀裂が発生しやすくなる。他方20重量%以下では被覆材の付着力と強度が劣るので、全体に対し30〜70重量%の範囲で添加するのがよい。
【0018】
炭化物としては、木炭、竹炭、各種有機廃棄物の炭化物など広範囲に利用できるが、本質的には木炭ではあるが、原料が製材屑木チップ、樹皮、オガクズなど木材廃棄物の炭化生成物の使用が好ましい。粒子径は炭化後に揃えてもよいし、炭化に先立って破砕、分別、あるいは造粒するなど炭化が容易な形状で処理する。最終的には粒子径0.1〜10mm、好ましくは粒子径0.5〜5mm程度のものが吹付けには便利であり、かつ、吹付層の性能や均一性に優れることとなる。炭化は完全炭化物や半炭化物が使用でき、製材屑木チップ、樹皮、オガクズなど産業廃棄物の有効利用に貢献できる。炭化物の添加範囲は、吹付材中の固形分中の添加量が3〜30重量%、好ましくは5〜20重量%である。
【0019】
木材チップとしては、上記の炭化原料である樹皮チップ、製材屑木チップ、オガクズ又はこれらの混合物からなり、炭化処理の原料がそのまま使用できる。したがって、粒子の形状も粒子径0.1〜10mm、好ましくは粒子径0.5〜5mm程度のものが使用好適である。木材チップ等の添加範囲は、吹付材中の固形分中の添加量が〜40重量%、好ましくは〜35重量%である。40重量%以上になると可燃物の増加により耐火性の劣る吹付材となる。これらも産業廃棄物の有効利用である。
【0020】
軽量骨材としては、大きさ4〜200メッシュのもので、膨張あるいは未膨張されたパーライト、軽石、バーミキュライト、火山、浮石、軽石などのような天然の鉱物質のような無機軽量骨材が好ましいが、これらと、人工的にガラス系及び鉱物質に気孔が含められるように製造した中空球体のような無機軽量骨材が好ましいが、これらと、粒状発泡ポリスチレン及び破砕発泡ポリスチレンからなる有機質骨材を単独又は2種以上混合して使用する。これら軽量骨材の相互間及び軽量骨材と鉄骨構造物の表面(又は建築物の天井及び壁面などの被着面)とを円滑に結合させる材料として、上記無機結合材を用いる。有機骨材も無機結合材のモルタル中に包含されるので、火災等の熱によって炭化が促進され、仮に燃焼しても、煙や有毒ガスの発生は皆無あるいは微少であるのでそれほど問題にしなくてもよい。
【0021】
上述した軽量骨材は、気孔率が大かつ比重が小さくて軽いので、建築物に対する荷重負担が軽減される。また、軽量骨材は無数の小さい気孔が形成されていて熱伝導率が低く、吸音性、断熱性、及び強度の面で優れており、吹付被覆材の耐火、断熱及び吸音性能を向上させることができる。特に、パーライトや火山性軽石等無機軽量骨材は無機物であり、火災時に人体に対する有毒性ガスの発生がないので吹付材には一層有利である。
【0022】
このような軽量骨材は、本発明の被覆組成物の主材中60重量%をえる量を加えると、吹付施工された被覆材の密度と熱伝導率が低くなる利点はあるが、付着力と強度が劣り、10重量%未満では、付着力と強度は優れているが、吹付施工された被覆材の密度及び熱伝導率が高くなるため、主材中 10〜60重量%、特に10〜55重量%の範囲で使用することが好ましい。
【0023】
更に、主材に対し、水性高分子からなる有機結合材を添加して建物用吹付材とする。このことにより、鉄骨やスレート板への接着性が一層増大する。有機結合材は、特別な強度の発現が求められる場所に使用するものであって、ポリビニルアルコール(PVA)のような水溶性高分子水溶液のほか、ポリビニルアセテート(PVAc)、エチレンビニルアセテート(EVA)、アクリル樹脂などの水性エマルジョンのうち1種以上選択して用いる。吹付材全体の固形分に対する有機結合材の添加量は、固形分として1〜10重量%の範囲、好ましくは2〜6重量%の範囲で使用する。
【0024】
このような主材に対し、更に、無機セメントの急結材を添加して、吹付時の垂れを防止して、吹付層の厚さを大かつ均一な建物用吹付材とする。急結材はアルミン酸塩、炭酸塩、非結晶質のカルシウムアルミネート、硫酸アルミニウムなどのほかケイ酸ナトリウム、ケイフッ化ナトリウム、塩化カルシウム、半水石膏などである。ポルトランドセメントに対してアルミナセメントを混合しても無機結合材に急結性が付与される。すなわち、アルミナセメントはそれ自身無機結合材であると同時にポルトランドセメントの急結材でもある。急結材の添加量は吹付材全体の固形分に対し、固形分として1〜30重量%の範囲、好ましくは2〜20重量%の範囲で使用する。
【0025】
ここで、最適な吹付材料の組合せとしては、無機セメントがポルトランドセメントや白セメントと称されるアルミナセメントの単独あるいはこれらの混合物であり、炭化物が木材チップの炭化物や半炭化物であり、木材チップは炭化物の原料の木チップであり、水性高分子がポリビニールアルコールあるいは水性エマルジョンである。また、これら主材に加える軽量骨材はパーライトやシラスバルーンのような軽石が好ましい。
【0026】
本発明の鉄骨建造物用吹付材は、建造物、特に鉄骨構造をそのまま大型化した高層建造物に適用でき、建物の火災発生に際して鉄骨構造材の軟化変形や内装材の燃焼時に発生する煙や有毒ガスなどを皆無にするか極力少なくでき、火災による人的被害を最小限に食い止めることができる。もちろん、常時はこの吹付施工により鉄骨構造物に最適な断熱・結露防止効果をもたらす。
【0027】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、実施例によって、本発明の鉄骨建造物用吹付材を具体的に説明するが、本発明はこれら実施例に限定されるものではない。
【0028】
実施例1〜6
無機セメントにポルトランドセメント又はこれとアルミナセメントとの混合物を、炭化物に杉や檜の製材屑の混合物で粒子径1〜8mmからなる木チップの炭化物又はこれとオガクズ混合炭化物を、そして、木材チップにも前記の製材屑を用いて、これらを主材とする水性スラリーを調製した。組成比及び吹付状態を表1に示す。ここで、性能評価に用いた鉄板の大きさは、500×600mmで、厚さは5.5mmである。また、付着厚さは鉄板の中央ほぼ300×300mmの範囲に吹付けた部分の室内常温乾燥15日後針入深さ5個所測定の平均値であり、付着性は同時点において吹付層を下にして板の反対側からハンマーで叩いて剥離状態をみたものである。断熱性はプロパンガスバーナの火炎を吹付層表面から5cm離して加熱したときに板の反対側に取り付けた高温センサの温度を測定した60秒後の温度値である。以下の測定も同様の方法によった。ここで、断熱性の測定において、加熱後60秒までの温度変化は図1に示すとおりで、本発明の吹付層による鉄板の温度上昇はほぼ片対数比例関係にある。
【0029】
【表1】

Figure 0003849981
【0030】
表1の結果から明らかなように、木チップやオガクズの存在により鉄骨、鉄板への接着性が良好となり予想外に剥離しにくいことが判明した。スレート板は鉄板よりはるかに付着性がよいので、実験は省略した。製材廃棄物の木チップや木チップの炭化物は、吹付モルタルの増量材になるうえ、木チップからの溶出成分が接着性に寄与している可能性も考えられるが、理由は明確でない。
【0031】
実施例7〜12
次に、表1の無機セメント、炭化物、木材チップ混合物に加えて軽量骨材として粒径1〜6mmのパーライト、シラスバルーンを混合したものを主材とする水性スラリーを実施例1と同様に調製した。組成比及び吹付状態を表2に示す。これらの軽量骨材を加えることにより吹付層の厚さが増すとともに、多孔質となって断熱・防音性を高めることができる。
【0032】
【表2】
Figure 0003849981
【0033】
表2の結果から明らかなように、軽量骨材は一般にモルタル吹付材中に混合して用いられるし、本発明の組成物においても、吹付厚の増大に貢献している。したがって、耐火断熱性は図1にも見られるように、表1の実施例5よりも表2の実施例11の方が優れている。
【0034】
実施例13〜18
更に、表2に示す無機セメント、炭化物、木材チップに加えて、軽量骨材として粒径1〜6mmのパーライトを混合したものからなる主材100重量部に対し、水性高分子からなる有機結合材を2〜6重量部添加して建物用吹付材とした。PVAは10%水溶液で、EVAcエマルジョンは固形分58%のものである。結果を表3に示す。
【0035】
【表3】
Figure 0003849981
【0036】
表3の結果から明らかなように、有機結合材の添加により、鉄骨やスレート板への吹付材の接着性が増大している。
【0037】
実施例19〜24
このような主材に対し、更に、無機結合材としてのセメントの急結材を添加して、吹付時の垂れを防止し、吹付層の厚さを大かつ均一な建物用吹付材とする。ここで、最適な吹付材料としては、表3に示す組成に対し、急結材として2号水ガラスを用いた。結果を表4に示す。
【0038】
【表4】
Figure 0003849981
【0039】
表4の結果から明らかなように、有機結合材及び急結材の添加により、吹付時の垂れを防止し、吹付層の厚さを大かつ均一にすることができ、付着性も断熱性も格段に向上した。しかし、主材の無機結合材、炭化物及び木チップの混合物のみでも、表1のように薄い吹付層であっても有効な場合もある。
【0040】
【発明の効果】
本発明の吹付材は、建造物、特に鉄骨構造をそのまま大型化した高層建造物に適用した場合、建物の火災発生時の燃焼熱による鉄骨構造材の軟化変形や内装材の燃焼時に発生する有毒ガスなど、人的被害を大きくする要素がなく安全である。また、鉄骨構造物としての鉄骨、スレート屋根葺き、スレート壁建造物用吹付材に最適な断熱・結露防止用の吹付材となっている
【0041】
更に、今日、産業廃棄物として処分が困難な木材チップやオガクズ等の製材屑チップ廃棄物を吹付材の一成分として有効に活用できる効果も大きい。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】 加熱経過時間と鉄板裏面温度との関係を示すグラフである。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a spray material for buildings, in particular, a steel frame or a slate material. Specifically, by applying a spray coating on the surface of a steel structure of a building, the strength of the steel frame due to high heat in the event of a fire Further, the present invention relates to a building spraying material that can prevent deterioration of proof stress and can impart properties such as heat insulation, soundproofing, and prevention of condensation by spraying coating on the wall surface and ceiling of a building.
[0002]
[Prior art]
There are the following types of building finishing materials. That is, the cement sand wall-like spray material as a wall surface spray material is a spray material in which pigments, aggregates and the like are mixed in the main raw material cement, and is used for interior and exterior finishing. In addition, there are synthetic resin emulsion sand wall-like spray materials, or cement-based multilayer pattern spray materials and synthetic resin emulsion-based multilayer pattern spray materials which are mixed systems thereof. The bases that can be finished are concrete surface, precast concrete panel surface, mortar surface, ALC panel surface, concrete block surface, wood wool cement board / wood piece cement board / asbestos slate surface pulp cement board, etc. It is not often used for spraying.
[0003]
In addition, as a reactive curable synthetic resin emulsion-based multi-layer pattern spraying material, epoxy resin-based reactive curable synthetic resin emulsion and base material in which fine aggregate, inorganic filler, thickener, and other admixtures are mixed and cured There is a spray material consisting of an agent.
[0004]
For example, rock wool spray materials have been developed as spray materials on steel frames and slate plate surfaces. In addition to the above-mentioned spray materials, rock wool, cement and asbestos are blended, and the purpose is sound absorption and heat insulation of inner walls and ceilings. Used for finishing.
[0005]
There are three types of lightweight aggregates, such as pearlite and vermiculite, and binders such as cement, synthetic resin emulsion and plaster plaster, which are sprayed onto the steel surface. It is also used as a material.
[0006]
As modern society is urbanized and population-rich areas increase, as a measure for many people to live in small areas, buildings are becoming taller and larger. Steel structure is applied to the building.
[0007]
As prior art highly relevant to the present invention, “building material and manufacturing method thereof” described in Patent Document 1, “fireproof and sound-absorbing coating composition” described in Patent Document 2, and “bamboo charcoal powder paint” described in Patent Document 3 are disclosed. "Applied wood board" is seen.
[0008]
[Patent Document 1]
JP 2000-265612 A (page 2, claims)
[Patent Document 2]
JP 2000-001380 A (page 2, claims)
[Patent Document 3]
Utility Model Registration No. 3085790 (Page 2, Claim of Utility Model Registration)
[0009]
Patent Document 1 describes that a single material or a composite material composed of one or more of nonwoven fabric, wood processing waste, and carbide is bonded to a building base material using a polymer latex or a water-soluble polymer as a binder. There is also a description of adding cement as an inorganic powder to them.
[0010]
Patent Document 2 discloses a building spray material composed of a lightweight aggregate, a binder, a heat absorbing material, an expansion material, and carbonized sound absorbing fibers as a material composition for spray coating on the surface of a steel structure of a building. Here, various cements are used for the binder, lime is used for the endothermic material, and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is used for the thickener.
[0011]
Patent Document 3 describes a wood board to which a bamboo charcoal powder paint mainly composed of PVA is applied, and is intended to prevent condensation.
[0012]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, if it is applied to buildings, especially high-rise buildings with large steel structures as they are, human damage will increase due to softening deformation of steel structure materials and toxic gases generated when interior materials burn in the event of a building fire Therefore, it is necessary to coat the surface of the steel structure with a refractory material that does not generate toxic gas. The present invention is based on the above-described conventional techniques and has been studied on a spraying material for heat insulation and condensation prevention that is optimal for a steel structure. Another purpose is effective use of sawdust chips waste such as wood chips and sawdust.
[0013]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The constitution of the present invention is largely a building spraying material composed of an inorganic binder, particularly inorganic cement, and an aqueous slurry mainly composed of carbide and wood chips. This material is particularly suitable as a spray material for steel structures, and is useful for spray coating on steel frames and slate plates.
[0014]
In addition, it consists of an aqueous slurry mainly composed of inorganic binder, especially inorganic cement, carbide, wood chips and lightweight aggregate. By adding this lightweight aggregate, the thickness of the spray layer increases. It becomes porous and can improve heat insulation and soundproofing.
[0015]
Furthermore, an organic binder made of a water-soluble polymer or an aqueous polymer emulsion is added to the main material to form a building spray material. This increases the adhesion of the spray material to the steel frame and slate plate.
[0016]
To such a main material, a cement quick setting material as an inorganic binder is further added to prevent dripping during spraying, and the spray layer has a large and uniform thickness. Here, as an optimal spraying material, inorganic cement as an inorganic binder is Portland cement or alumina cement, carbide is a carbide or semi-carbide of wood chip, and water-soluble polymer as an organic binder is polyvinyl. Alcohol and aqueous polymer emulsions are emulsions mainly composed of PVAc and EVAc.
[0017]
The cement as the inorganic binder used here is a cement made of blast furnace cement, white cement, silica cement, alumina cement or magnesia cement in addition to general Portland cement. In addition to these cements, one or more kinds of gypsum made of dihydrate gypsum, hemihydrate gypsum, gypsum plaster, magnesia, magnesium sulfate, etc. are mixed and used. Such an inorganic binder is added to the spray composition in an amount of 20 to 80% by weight, preferably 30 to 70% by weight. When the added amount exceeds 80% by weight, the adhesion and strength of the coating material are excellent, but the density and thermal conductivity are high, resulting in poor fire resistance, and the composition generates large stresses in the event of a fire. Cracks tend to occur. On the other hand, if it is 20% by weight or less, the adhesive strength and strength of the coating material are inferior.
[0018]
Charcoal can be used in a wide range of charcoal, bamboo charcoal, and various organic waste charcoal, but it is essentially charcoal, but the raw material is the use of carbonized products of wood waste such as sawdust chips, bark and sawdust. Is preferred. The particle size may be adjusted after carbonization, or processed in a shape that facilitates carbonization, such as crushing, fractionation, or granulation prior to carbonization. Eventually, particles having a particle size of 0.1 to 10 mm, preferably about 0.5 to 5 mm are convenient for spraying, and the performance and uniformity of the spray layer are excellent. Carbonization can use full carbide or semi-carbide, which can contribute to the effective use of industrial waste such as sawdust chips, bark and sawdust. The added range of the carbide is 3 to 30% by weight, preferably 5 to 20% by weight in the solid content in the spray material.
[0019]
The wood chips are made of the above-mentioned carbonized raw materials, such as bark chips, sawdust chips, sawdust, or a mixture thereof, and the carbonized raw materials can be used as they are. Accordingly, particles having a particle size of 0.1 to 10 mm, preferably about 0.5 to 5 mm are suitable for use. The addition range of wood chips and the like is such that the addition amount in the solid content in the spray material is 5 to 40% by weight, preferably 5 to 35% by weight. When it is 40% by weight or more, it becomes a spraying material having inferior fire resistance due to an increase in combustible materials. These are also effective uses of industrial waste.
[0020]
The lightweight aggregate, but the size of 4 to 200 mesh, expanded or unexpanded perlite, pumice, vermiculite, volcanic ash, pumice, inorganic lightweight aggregate, such as natural mineral such as pumice Although preferred are inorganic lightweight aggregates such as hollow spheres that are artificially made to include pores in glass and minerals, organic bones composed of granular expanded polystyrene and crushed expanded polystyrene are preferred. These materials are used alone or in combination of two or more. The inorganic binder is used as a material for smoothly bonding between the lightweight aggregates and the lightweight aggregate and the surface of the steel structure (or the adherend surface such as the ceiling and wall surface of the building). Since organic aggregates are also included in the mortar of inorganic binders, carbonization is promoted by heat such as fire, and even if burned, there is little or no generation of smoke or toxic gas, so there is no problem. Also good.
[0021]
Since the above-described lightweight aggregate has a high porosity and a low specific gravity, the load on the building is reduced. In addition, lightweight aggregate has countless small pores, low thermal conductivity, excellent sound absorption, heat insulation, and strength, and improves the fire resistance, heat insulation and sound absorption performance of spray coating materials. Can do. In particular, inorganic lightweight aggregates such as pearlite and volcanic pumice are inorganic and are more advantageous for spray materials because they do not generate toxic gas to the human body during a fire.
[0022]
Such lightweight aggregate, 60% by weight in the base material of the coating composition of the present invention the addition of ultra-el amount, although the benefits of density and thermal conductivity of the blowing construction has been coated material is lower, with poor adhesive strength and intensity, is less than 10 wt%, are excellent adhesive force and strength, the density and thermal conductivity of the blowing construction has been coated material is high, 10 to 60 wt% in the base material, in particular 10 It is preferable to use in the range of -55% by weight.
[0023]
Further, an organic binder made of an aqueous polymer is added to the main material to make a building spray material. This further increases the adhesion to the steel frame and slate plate. Organic binders are used in places where special strength is required. In addition to water-soluble polymer aqueous solutions such as polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyvinyl acetate (PVAc), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) One or more aqueous emulsions such as acrylic resins are selected and used. The amount of the organic binder added relative to the solid content of the entire spray material is 1 to 10% by weight, preferably 2 to 6% by weight as the solid content.
[0024]
In addition to such a main material, an inorganic cement quick setting material is added to prevent dripping during spraying, and the spray layer has a large and uniform thickness. Examples of the quick setting material include aluminate, carbonate, amorphous calcium aluminate, aluminum sulfate, sodium silicate, sodium fluorosilicate, calcium chloride, hemihydrate gypsum and the like. Even when alumina cement is mixed with Portland cement, quick setting is imparted to the inorganic binder. That is, alumina cement is an inorganic binder as well as a rapid setting material for Portland cement. The addition amount of the quick setting material is 1 to 30% by weight, preferably 2 to 20% by weight as the solid content with respect to the solid content of the entire spraying material.
[0025]
Here, as an optimal spraying material combination, inorganic cement is an alumina cement called Portland cement or white cement, or a mixture thereof, carbide is a carbide or semi-carbide of wood chip, and wood chip is It is a wood chip of a raw material of carbide, and the aqueous polymer is polyvinyl alcohol or an aqueous emulsion. Moreover, the light aggregate added to these main materials is preferably a pumice stone such as pearlite or shirasu balloon.
[0026]
The steel building spray material of the present invention can be applied to a building, particularly a high-rise building in which the steel structure is enlarged as it is, and the smoke generated during the softening deformation of the steel structure material or the combustion of the interior material in the event of a building fire Toxic gas can be eliminated or reduced as much as possible, and human damage caused by fire can be minimized. Of course, this spray construction always provides the optimum heat insulation and anti-condensation effect for steel structures.
[0027]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
EXAMPLES Hereinafter, the spraying material for steel structure building of the present invention will be specifically described by way of examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.
[0028]
Examples 1-6
Portland cement or a mixture of this and alumina cement as inorganic cement, carbide of wood chips made of cedar and straw sawdust and particle size of 1-8 mm as carbide, or mixed sawdust with sawdust, and wood chips Also, an aqueous slurry containing these as main materials was prepared using the above sawdust. Table 1 shows the composition ratio and spraying state. Here, the size of the iron plate used for performance evaluation is 500 × 600 mm and the thickness is 5.5 mm. In addition, the adhesion thickness is the average value measured at five penetration depths after 15 days of room temperature drying in the center of the iron plate, which is sprayed in the range of approximately 300 x 300 mm. The peeled state was struck with a hammer from the opposite side of the plate. The heat insulation is a temperature value 60 seconds after measuring the temperature of a high temperature sensor attached to the opposite side of the plate when a propane gas burner flame is heated 5 cm away from the surface of the spray layer. The following measurement was performed in the same manner. Here, in the measurement of heat insulation, the temperature change up to 60 seconds after heating is as shown in FIG. 1, and the temperature rise of the iron plate due to the spray layer of the present invention is substantially in a log-log proportional relationship.
[0029]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003849981
[0030]
As is apparent from the results in Table 1, it has been found that the presence of wood chips and sawdust improves the adhesion to the steel frame and steel plate and is difficult to peel off unexpectedly. The experiment was omitted because the slate plate has much better adhesion than the iron plate. Wood chips and wood chip carbide from sawmill waste can be used as a filler for spraying mortar, and the elution component from the wood chips may contribute to adhesion, but the reason is not clear.
[0031]
Examples 7-12
Next, in the same manner as in Example 1, an aqueous slurry mainly composed of a mixture of inorganic cement, carbide, and wood chip mixture in Table 1 and a pearlite and shirasu balloon having a particle diameter of 1 to 6 mm as a lightweight aggregate was prepared. did. Table 2 shows the composition ratio and spraying state. By adding these lightweight aggregates, the thickness of the sprayed layer is increased, and it becomes porous to improve heat insulation and soundproofing.
[0032]
[Table 2]
Figure 0003849981
[0033]
As is clear from the results in Table 2, lightweight aggregates are generally used in a mixture with mortar spray material, and the composition of the present invention also contributes to an increase in spray thickness. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 1, the fireproof heat insulation property of Example 11 of Table 2 is superior to that of Example 5 of Table 1.
[0034]
Examples 13-18
Furthermore, in addition to the inorganic cement, carbide, and wood chips shown in Table 2, 100 parts by weight of a main material made of a mixture of pearlite having a particle size of 1 to 6 mm as a lightweight aggregate, an organic binder made of an aqueous polymer. Was added to 2-6 parts by weight to obtain a building spray material. PVA is a 10% aqueous solution and the EVAc emulsion is 58% solids. The results are shown in Table 3.
[0035]
[Table 3]
Figure 0003849981
[0036]
As is apparent from the results in Table 3, the adhesion of the spray material to the steel frame and the slate plate is increased by the addition of the organic binder.
[0037]
Examples 19-24
To such a main material, a cement quick setting material as an inorganic binder is further added to prevent dripping during spraying, and the spray layer has a large and uniform thickness. Here, as an optimum spraying material, No. 2 water glass was used as a quick setting material for the composition shown in Table 3. The results are shown in Table 4.
[0038]
[Table 4]
Figure 0003849981
[0039]
As is clear from the results in Table 4, the addition of organic binder and quick setting material can prevent dripping at the time of spraying and can make the thickness of the sprayed layer large and uniform. Significantly improved. However, even a mixture of the main inorganic binder, carbide and wood chips alone or a thin spray layer as shown in Table 1 may be effective.
[0040]
【The invention's effect】
The spray material of the present invention, when applied to a building, particularly a high-rise building with an enlarged steel structure as it is, is generated when the steel structure material is softened and deformed by the combustion heat when the building fires and the interior material is burned. It is safe with no harmful factors such as poisonous gas. In addition, it is a spray material for insulation and prevention of condensation that is optimal for steel frames as steel structures, slate roofing, and spray materials for slate wall structures. [0041]
Furthermore, today, it is possible to effectively utilize sawdust chips waste such as wood chips and sawdust, which are difficult to dispose as industrial waste, as a component of spray material.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the relationship between the elapsed heating time and the iron plate back surface temperature.

Claims (3)

吹付材組成物の主材が無機結合材としてのセメント類を20〜80重量%、炭化物としての木材チップの炭化物又は半炭化物を3〜30重量%及び木材チップを〜40重量%の成分範囲であり、該主材に対して水性有機結合剤としての水溶性高分子あるいは水性高分子エマルジョンを吹付材全体の固形分に対し固形分として1〜10重量%添加した混合物である水性スラリーからなる建物用吹付材。 Main material is 20 to 80% by weight of cement such as an inorganic binding material, component range of 3 to 30% by weight carbide or semi carbide wood chips as a carbide and a wood chip 5 to 40 wt% of the spray material composition It is composed of an aqueous slurry which is a mixture obtained by adding a water-soluble polymer or an aqueous polymer emulsion as an aqueous organic binder to the main material in a solid content of 1 to 10% by weight with respect to the solid content of the entire spraying material. Building spray material. 吹付材組成物の主材として、更に軽量骨材を10〜60重量%添加してなる請求項1記載の建物用吹付材。 The building spray material according to claim 1 , further comprising 10 to 60% by weight of lightweight aggregate as a main material of the spray material composition. 主材に対し、更に無機結合材の急結材を吹付材全体の固形分に対し固形分として1〜30重量%添加してなる請求項1又は2記載の建物用吹付材。 The main member to further inorganic binding material quick-material obtained by adding 1 to 30 wt% as solid content based on the solid content of the whole Coatings claim 1 or 2 for buildings Coatings according to.
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