JP3847466B2 - Process for hydroformylation of olefins - Google Patents

Process for hydroformylation of olefins Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3847466B2
JP3847466B2 JP24707798A JP24707798A JP3847466B2 JP 3847466 B2 JP3847466 B2 JP 3847466B2 JP 24707798 A JP24707798 A JP 24707798A JP 24707798 A JP24707798 A JP 24707798A JP 3847466 B2 JP3847466 B2 JP 3847466B2
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Prior art keywords
hydroformylation
reaction
catalyst
solution
hydroformylation reaction
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JP2000072706A (en
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泰彦 木下
健一郎 廣戸
真治 磯谷
和之 横山
和彦 栗田
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Mitsubishi Chemical Corp
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Mitsubishi Chemical Corp
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/50Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
    • Y02P20/52Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals using catalysts, e.g. selective catalysts

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  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は第VIII族金属錯体を用いたオレフィンのヒドロホルミル化反応の改良方法に関するものである。詳しくは、本発明はオレフィンのヒドロホルミル化反応工程或いは反応生成物から触媒液を分離する工程で生成する触媒の失活物質を除去し、触媒の安定性を維持することによりヒドロホルミル化反応を長期間安定して操業する改良されたオレフィンのヒドロホルミル化反応方法に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
第VIII族金属錯体を触媒として用いたオレフィンのヒドロホルミル化反応は、従来より広く知られており世界的に商業化された反応プロセスである。特に、触媒として用いられるロジウム、コバルト等は高価であり、その触媒活性を低下させないような方法についてはこれまでも種々の改良が試みられている。
この触媒活性の低下を抑制又は賦活する方法として、例えば、特開平7−53434号においては、ロジウム触媒を含む反応液より触媒を実質的に失活させないで未反応オレフィンを回収する方法が開示され、特開平7−149684号においては、ヒドロホルミル化反応の反応生成液の分離操作を行う際、触媒の配位子である3価有機燐化合物の変質を減少することができるアルデヒド類の製造方法が開示されている。
【0003】
また、失活したロジウム触媒液を再活性化させる方法として、例えば、特開昭57−87845号においては、反応器中の活性の低下した触媒液を酸素で処理することにより活性を高める方法が開示されている。特開昭55−159841号においては、活性の低下した触媒液を蒸留濃縮することにより触媒の活性を回復させる方法が開示されている。また、特開昭53−92706号では、ヒドロホルミル化反応におけるロジウム触媒の失活を抑制する方法において、一酸化炭素分圧、反応温度、TPP(トリフェニルフォスフィン)/Rh比等の反応条件を変数として算出される安定係数Fと活性低下速度との関係が開示されている。
更に、特表昭63−503385号には外部からRhブラックを加えヒドロホルミル化反応を行うと、Rhブラックが液中に溶解しているRh金属錯体触媒を沈殿させる触媒作用を有することが開示され、特定の添加物を加えることによりRhブラックに対し錯体触媒の沈殿を抑制することが開示されている。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
上記したような従来の第VIII族金属錯体触媒を用いたオレフィンのヒドロホルミル化反応における触媒活性の低下を抑制する方法は、反応条件の調節や分離操作条件の選択など、煩雑な操作を必要とする問題点を有している。
本発明は、ヒドロホルミル化反応において簡単な操作で上記触媒の活性低下を抑制し、第VIII族金属錯体触媒の安定性を向上させる方法を提供することを目的とする。
【0005】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、上記従来の方法に鑑み、第VIII族金属錯体触媒を用いてオレフィンのヒドロホルミル化反応を行う際の触媒の活性低下の原因について鋭意検討を重ねた結果、上記活性が低下した反応液では、ヒドロホルミル化反応に用いている第VIII族金属錯体触媒の一部が不溶化して析出することを見出し、またヒドロホルミル化反応時にこの不溶化した析出物が、更に液中の第VIII族金属錯体触媒を不溶化する触媒作用があることも発見した。従って、ヒドロホルミル化反応開始初期にこの不溶化物がわずかでも液中に存在していると、反応を長期間連続運転を行なった際には、この不溶化物質が反応器内に蓄積されることによりその不溶化触媒作用が増大し、第VIII族金属錯体触媒の活性低下が促進され、オレフィンのヒドロホルミル化反応の商業的プロセスとして重大な問題を招くこととなる。
【0006】
本発明者らは、第VIII族金属錯体触媒を用いたオレフィンのヒドロホルミル化反応の際に生じる不溶化物質が、第VIII族錯体触媒の不溶化を誘発し触媒活性の低下をもたらすので、この不溶化物を除去することにより、第VIII族金属錯体触媒の不溶化を抑制することができ、長期間安定した連続運転を可能にすることを見出し本発明を完成した。
【0007】
すなわち、本発明の要旨は、オレフィンを第VIII族金属錯体触媒を用いて均一液相でヒドロホルミル化反応させ、ヒドロホルミル化反応液から分離した触媒液を反応に循環使用するオレフィンのヒドロホルミル化反応方法において、ヒドロホルミル化反応工程及び/又は触媒液の分離工程において生成したする第VIII族金属錯体触媒の一部が不溶化して析出した不溶性物質触媒液から分離除去することを特徴とするオレフィンのヒドロホルミル化反応方法に存する。
【0008】
本発明のヒドロホルミル化反応方法におけるより好ましい態様は、第VIII族金属がロジウムであること;不溶性物質の分離が濾過、遠心分離、沈降分離または吸着処理のいずれかの方法で行われること;ヒドロホルミル化反応器より得られるヒドロホルミル化反応液から触媒液を分離し、該触媒液を濾過して不溶性物質を除去した後、ヒドロホルミル化反応器に循環すること;不溶性物質の濾過を、濾過効率99%以上の粒子直径が0.1〜1000ミクロンの範囲にある濾過器を用いて行うことを包含するものである。
【0009】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明を詳細に説明する。
本発明のオレフィンのヒドロホルミル化反応に使用される原料オレフィンとしては特に制限されず、通常、2〜20個の炭素原子を含有し、1個もしくは2個以上のエチレン性不飽和基を有するα−オレフィン又は内部オレフィンである。また、このオレフィンは反応を阻害しない限り、カルボニル基、オキシ基、ヒドロキシ基、アルキル基、アリ−ル基、ハロゲン、ハロアルキル基等の如き置換基を含有していても良い。具体的には、プロピレン、ブテン、ヘキセン、オクテン、ノネン等が挙げられるが、これらは純品でもパラフィン等のオレフィン以外の炭化水素を含む低純度品でもよい。
【0010】
ヒドロホルミル化反応の反応溶媒としては、第VIII族金属錯体触媒を溶解し反応に影響を与えない溶媒であれば使用することができる。オレフィン自身を溶媒にすることも出来るし、生成アルデヒドや副生するその縮合物を用いることもできるが、生成アルデヒドの縮合物としては、具体的にはアルデヒドの三量体や四量体等が挙げられる。その他の溶媒としては、ヘキサン、オクタン等の脂肪族炭化水素、トルエン、キシレン等の芳香族炭化水素、シクロヘキサン等の脂環式炭化水素、ブタノール、オクタノール、ポリエチレングリコール等のアルコール類、トリグライム等のエーテル類、ジオクチルフタレート等のエステル類、水等を挙げることができる。また、原料オレフィンと同炭素数を有するパラフィン類を用いてもよい。
【0011】
ヒドロホルミル化反応条件としては、通常、水素分圧 0.1〜200kg/cm2G、一酸化炭素分圧 0.1〜200kg/cm2G、全圧 数kg/cm2G〜300kg/cm2G、水素分圧/一酸化炭素分圧=0.1〜10、反応温度 70〜200℃、反応時間 数分〜10数時間の範囲内で適宜選択される。また、第VIII族金属触媒の使用濃度としては、数重量ppm〜数重量%の範囲内で適宜選択される。
【0012】
本発明に使用する触媒の第VIII族金属としては、ロジウム、コバルト、白金などが挙げられるが、ロジウムが最も好ましい。ロジウム源としては、ヒドリドカルボニルトリス(トリフェニルフォスフィン)ロジウム、アセトキシビス(トリフェニルフォスフィン)等のロジウム錯体の他に、ロジウムアセチルアセトナート、酢酸ロジウム等の有機塩、硝酸ロジウム等の無機塩、酸化ロジウム等の酸化物も使用することができる。
第VIII族金属錯体触媒は、配位子を必ずしも必要としないが、トリフェニルフォスフィン等のトリアリールフォスフィン、第3モノオルガノフォスファイト、第3ジオルガノフォスファイト、第3トリオルガノフォスファイト、第3オルガノポリフォスファイト、第3ビスフォスファイト等の第3級有機リン化合物を配位子として含有する触媒が有利に使用される。
【0013】
ロジウム源は直接ヒドロホルミル化反応器に供給してもよいが、反応器外で一酸化炭素、水素及び配位子有機リン化合物とともに、溶媒中で高められた温度・圧力下で反応させ調製しておくこともできる。ロジウムとリン化合物の比率は、通常P/Rh=3〜10000(モル比)の範囲で適宜選ばれる。
オレフィンのヒドロホルミル化反応は、通常連続式の反応器に原料であるオレフィン、オキソガス及び触媒液を連続的に供給し、上記ヒドロホルミル化反応条件下にて実施されるが、回分式の反応器を使用することもできる。また、反応器の種類としては、攪拌槽型、気泡塔型、管型又はガスストリッピング型等を用いることができる。
【0014】
本発明は、第VIII族金属錯体触媒を用いた均一液相でのオレフィンのヒドロホルミル化反応において、該金属錯体触媒を不溶化する原因となる不溶性物質を反応系から分離除去するものであるが、この不溶性物質は、主に(1)オレフィンのヒドロホルミル化反応工程、および(2)オレフィンのヒドロホルミル化反応液から未反応オレフィン、オキソガス、生成アルデヒド等の各種成分を分離して触媒液を得る分離操作工程で生成するものである。特に分離操作で蒸留を用いる場合、一酸化炭素分圧が通常1kg/cm2G以上になるため、触媒液を50℃以上に加熱すると不溶性物質が生成されやすい。
従って、不溶性物質の分離除去は、オレフィンのヒドロホルミル化反応後得られる反応液中に存在する不溶性物質、或いはヒドロホルミル化反応液から分離して得られる触媒液中に存在する不溶性物質のいずれか一方或いは両方を対象として行われる。
【0015】
不溶性物質の平均粒径は、それが生成する条件により異なるが、例えばロジウム錯体触媒を用いたヒドロホルミル化反応工程で生成する不溶性物質の平均粒径は参考例1に示す様に数ミクロンから数百ミクロンの範囲である。不溶性物質の分離操作手段としてはこの様な大きさの粒子を分離除去出来れば特に制限されず、濾過、吸着、遠心分離、沈降分離のいずれかまたはこれらを組合わせることにより実施することができるが、濾過処理は簡便であり好ましい手段である。また不溶性物質の平均粒径が数ミクロンから数百ミクロンであるため、濾過処理で行う場合は、濾過効率99%以上の粒子直径が0.1〜1000ミクロンの範囲にある濾過器を用いることが望ましい。つまり、濾過器としては、濾過器の能力が0.1ミクロンの粒子を99%以上除去できるものから1000ミクロンの粒子を99%以上除去できるものの範囲であることを意味するのである。
【0016】
第VIII族金属錯体触媒としてロジウム錯体触媒を用いた均一液相でのオレフィンのヒドロホルミル化反応において、その反応工程で生成したロジウムを含有する不溶性物質はその構造が充分解明されていないが、ヒドロホルミル化反応液中に溶解している金属錯体触媒を不溶化する触媒作用を有しており、またヒドロホルミル化反応生成液から触媒液を分離する際には触媒液に付随して移動する。従って、オレフィンのヒドロホルミル化反応を長期間連続して運転する場合、通常、反応液から分離された触媒液は循環使用されるので、この不溶性物質が微量でも触媒液と共に循環されると、次第に不溶性物質が反応器壁面に付着蓄積し、反応器容積当たり、Rh蓄積量が10mg/l以上反応器壁面に付着すると、液中の金属錯体触媒を益々不溶化析出させ、ヒドロホルミル化反応の反応性の低下をもたらすが、本発明によりこの不溶性物質を除去すれば、このような障害を回避することが出来安定した運転が可能になるのである。
【0017】
本発明を実施例により更に詳細に説明するが、本発明はその要旨を超えない限り以下の実施例に制限されるものではない。
【0018】
参考例1
酢酸ロジウムを用いて、反応圧力170Kg/cm2G、反応温度130℃に維持された反応器に、オクテンとH2/CO=1のガス(以下オキソガスと呼ぶ)を連続的に供給してヒドロホルミル化反応を行なった。
なお、反応液中のロジウム濃度は20mg/lとなった。
反応器から留出する反応液にトリフェニルホスフィンを反応液中のロジウムに対し5倍モル加えた後、60mmHgの真空蒸留分離器にて生成液(未反応オクテン、ノナナール)と触媒液とに分離した。この触媒液を循環触媒として反応器に戻しオクテンの連続的ヒドロホルミル化反応を実施したところ、ヒドロホルミル化反応液に不溶性物質が生成した。この不溶性物質は、反応液から触媒液を分離した場合に触媒液側に存在する。また不溶性物質は、反応液中のロジウムの1%を含有していた(0.2mg/l)。触媒液から不溶性物質を濾別し、この物質を光学顕微鏡及びイメージコミュニケ−タ−マシ−ン(三菱化学社製MKSIPS-1000)を使い画像処理を行って粒径分布の測定を行った。その結果平均粒径が5ミクロンであった。またこの不溶性物質中にロジウムが68wt%の割合で含まれていて、X線吸収広域微細構造測定装置(EXAFS)による測定の結果Rh-Rh結合を持つ複核錯体であった。
【0019】
実施例1(循環触媒)
オクテン80gに、参考例1の循環触媒液を濾過器(日本ポール(株)製品;PFY1UY 100)で濾過を行って不溶性物質を分離した後の触媒液を、液中のロジウム濃度が10〜20mg/lとなるように添加した。この液をオキソガス下、130℃、140Kg/cm2Gで3時間反応させた。反応終了後、反応液中の溶解ロジウムを測定すると、ロジウムバランスは99%だった。
【0020】
比較例1
実施例1において、オクテンに参考例1で得られた不溶性物質70mgを加えた以外は同条件で3時間反応を行った。その結果、反応後のロジウムバランスは89%であった。
【0021】
比較例2
比較例1において、反応圧力を50Kg/cm2Gに変更した以外は同様にして行った。その結果、ロジウムバランスは73%だった。
【0022】
実施例2
実施例1において、反応圧力を50Kg/cm2Gに変更した以外は同様にして行った。その結果、ロジウムバランスは93%だった。
【0023】
【発明の効果】
本発明方法によれば、ヒドロキシホルミル化反応工程、触媒液の分離操作工程で生成する不溶性物質を濾過等の極めて簡単な手法で分離除去することにより、触媒活性の低下を阻止し反応を長期間安定して運転できるので、工業的に極めて有用である。
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an improved process for hydroformylation of olefins using Group VIII metal complexes. Specifically, the present invention removes the catalyst deactivation material generated in the hydroformylation reaction step of olefin or the step of separating the catalyst liquid from the reaction product, and maintains the stability of the catalyst to maintain the hydroformylation reaction for a long time. The present invention relates to an improved process for hydroformylation of olefins which operates stably.
[0002]
[Prior art]
The olefin hydroformylation reaction using a Group VIII metal complex as a catalyst is a reaction process that has been widely known and commercialized worldwide. In particular, rhodium, cobalt, and the like used as catalysts are expensive, and various improvements have been attempted so far for methods that do not reduce the catalytic activity.
As a method for suppressing or activating this decrease in catalytic activity, for example, JP-A-7-53434 discloses a method for recovering unreacted olefins from a reaction solution containing a rhodium catalyst without substantially deactivating the catalyst. JP-A-7-149684 discloses a method for producing aldehydes that can reduce the alteration of the trivalent organic phosphorus compound that is a ligand of the catalyst when the reaction product liquid of the hydroformylation reaction is separated. It is disclosed.
[0003]
In addition, as a method for reactivating the deactivated rhodium catalyst solution, for example, in JP-A-57-87845, there is a method for increasing the activity by treating the catalyst solution having decreased activity in the reactor with oxygen. It is disclosed. Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 55-159841 discloses a method for recovering the activity of a catalyst by distilling and concentrating a catalyst solution having reduced activity. Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 53-92706 discloses a method for suppressing the deactivation of a rhodium catalyst in a hydroformylation reaction, including reaction conditions such as carbon monoxide partial pressure, reaction temperature, and TPP (triphenylphosphine) / Rh ratio. The relationship between the stability factor F calculated as a variable and the rate of decrease in activity is disclosed.
Furthermore, JP-T 63-503385 discloses that when Rh black is added from the outside and a hydroformylation reaction is carried out, Rh black has a catalytic action to precipitate an Rh metal complex catalyst dissolved in the liquid, It has been disclosed to suppress precipitation of the complex catalyst with respect to Rh black by adding a specific additive.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The method for suppressing the decrease in catalytic activity in the olefin hydroformylation reaction using the conventional Group VIII metal complex catalyst as described above requires complicated operations such as adjustment of reaction conditions and selection of separation operation conditions. Has a problem.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for suppressing the decrease in the activity of the catalyst by a simple operation in the hydroformylation reaction and improving the stability of the Group VIII metal complex catalyst.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In view of the above-mentioned conventional methods, the present inventors have conducted extensive studies on the cause of a decrease in the activity of the catalyst when performing a hydroformylation reaction of an olefin using a Group VIII metal complex catalyst. In the reaction solution, it was found that a part of the Group VIII metal complex catalyst used in the hydroformylation reaction was insolubilized and precipitated, and this insolubilized precipitate was further added to the Group VIII metal in the solution. It was also discovered that there is a catalytic action to insolubilize the complex catalyst. Therefore, if this insolubilized material is present in the liquid even at the beginning of the hydroformylation reaction, the insolubilized material accumulates in the reactor when the reaction is continued for a long time. The insolubilization catalysis is increased, the activity of the Group VIII metal complex catalyst is decreased, and this causes a serious problem as a commercial process for hydroformylation of olefins.
[0006]
Since the insolubilized substance produced in the hydroformylation reaction of an olefin using a Group VIII metal complex catalyst induces insolubilization of the Group VIII complex catalyst, resulting in a decrease in the catalytic activity. As a result of the removal, it was found that insolubilization of the Group VIII metal complex catalyst could be suppressed, and that stable operation could be performed for a long period of time, and the present invention was completed.
[0007]
That is, the gist of the present invention is an olefin hydroformylation reaction method in which an olefin is hydroformylated in a homogeneous liquid phase using a Group VIII metal complex catalyst, and a catalyst solution separated from the hydroformylation reaction solution is recycled in the reaction. Hydroformylation of an olefin, characterized in that a part of the Group VIII metal complex catalyst formed in the hydroformylation reaction step and / or the separation step of the catalyst solution is insolubilized and separated and removed from the catalyst solution . It exists in the reaction method.
[0008]
In a more preferred embodiment of the hydroformylation reaction method of the present invention, the Group VIII metal is rhodium; separation of the insoluble material is performed by any of filtration, centrifugation, sedimentation, or adsorption treatment; hydroformylation The catalyst solution is separated from the hydroformylation reaction solution obtained from the reactor, and the catalyst solution is filtered to remove insoluble substances and then circulated to the hydroformylation reactor; filtration of the insoluble substances is performed with a filtration efficiency of 99% or more. Using a filter having a particle diameter in the range of 0.1 to 1000 microns.
[0009]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.
The raw material olefin used in the hydroformylation reaction of the olefin of the present invention is not particularly limited, and usually contains 2 to 20 carbon atoms and has one or more ethylenically unsaturated groups α- Olefin or internal olefin. Further, this olefin may contain a substituent such as a carbonyl group, an oxy group, a hydroxy group, an alkyl group, an aryl group, a halogen, a haloalkyl group and the like as long as the reaction is not inhibited. Specific examples include propylene, butene, hexene, octene, and nonene. These may be pure products or low-purity products containing hydrocarbons other than olefins such as paraffin.
[0010]
As the reaction solvent for the hydroformylation reaction, any solvent that dissolves the Group VIII metal complex catalyst and does not affect the reaction can be used. The olefin itself can be used as a solvent, or the produced aldehyde or its condensate can be used. Specific examples of the produced aldehyde condensate include trimers and tetramers of aldehydes. Can be mentioned. Other solvents include aliphatic hydrocarbons such as hexane and octane, aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene and xylene, alicyclic hydrocarbons such as cyclohexane, alcohols such as butanol, octanol and polyethylene glycol, and ethers such as triglyme. , Esters such as dioctyl phthalate, water, and the like. Paraffins having the same carbon number as the raw material olefin may be used.
[0011]
The hydroformylation reaction conditions, usually, a hydrogen partial pressure 0.1~200kg / cm 2 G, the carbon monoxide partial pressure 0.1~200kg / cm 2 G, the total pressure number kg / cm 2 G~300kg / cm 2 G, hydrogen partial pressure / carbon monoxide partial pressure = 0.1 to 10, reaction temperature 70 to 200 ° C., reaction time several minutes to several tens hours are appropriately selected. Further, the use concentration of the Group VIII metal catalyst is appropriately selected within the range of several weight ppm to several weight%.
[0012]
Examples of the Group VIII metal of the catalyst used in the present invention include rhodium, cobalt, platinum and the like, but rhodium is most preferable. Rhodium sources include rhodium complexes such as hydridocarbonyltris (triphenylphosphine) rhodium and acetoxybis (triphenylphosphine), organic salts such as rhodium acetylacetonate and rhodium acetate, and inorganic salts such as rhodium nitrate. An oxide such as rhodium oxide can also be used.
The group VIII metal complex catalyst does not necessarily require a ligand, but a triarylphosphine such as triphenylphosphine, a third monoorganophosphite, a third diorganophosphite, a third triorganophosphite, A catalyst containing a tertiary organophosphorus compound such as a third organopolyphosphite or a third bisphosphite as a ligand is advantageously used.
[0013]
The rhodium source may be supplied directly to the hydroformylation reactor, but prepared by reacting with carbon monoxide, hydrogen and the ligand organophosphorus compound outside the reactor at elevated temperature and pressure in a solvent. It can also be left. The ratio of rhodium and phosphorus compound is appropriately selected within the range of P / Rh = 3 to 10,000 (molar ratio).
The olefin hydroformylation reaction is usually carried out under the above hydroformylation reaction conditions by continuously supplying the raw material olefin, oxo gas and catalyst solution to a continuous reactor, but using a batch reactor. You can also Moreover, as a kind of reactor, a stirring tank type, a bubble column type, a tube type, a gas stripping type, etc. can be used.
[0014]
In the present invention, in the hydroformylation reaction of an olefin in a homogeneous liquid phase using a Group VIII metal complex catalyst, insoluble substances that cause insolubilization of the metal complex catalyst are separated and removed from the reaction system. The insoluble substances mainly consist of (1) a hydroformylation reaction step of olefin, and (2) a separation operation step in which various components such as unreacted olefin, oxo gas, and generated aldehyde are separated from the olefin hydroformylation reaction solution to obtain a catalyst solution. Is generated by In particular, when distillation is used in the separation operation, the carbon monoxide partial pressure is usually 1 kg / cm 2 G or higher, so that insoluble substances are easily generated when the catalyst solution is heated to 50 ° C. or higher.
Therefore, the separation and removal of the insoluble substance is performed either by insoluble substances present in the reaction liquid obtained after the hydroformylation reaction of olefin, or insoluble substances present in the catalyst liquid obtained by separation from the hydroformylation reaction liquid, or It is done for both.
[0015]
The average particle size of the insoluble material varies depending on the conditions under which it is produced. For example, the average particle size of the insoluble material produced in the hydroformylation reaction step using a rhodium complex catalyst is from several microns to several hundreds as shown in Reference Example 1. It is in the micron range. The insoluble material separation operation means is not particularly limited as long as particles of such a size can be separated and removed, and can be carried out by filtration, adsorption, centrifugation, sedimentation separation, or a combination thereof. Filtration is a simple and preferred means. In addition, since the average particle size of the insoluble substance is from several microns to several hundred microns, when performing filtration, a filter having a particle diameter in the range of 0.1 to 1000 microns with a filtration efficiency of 99% or more should be used. desirable. In other words, the filter means that the capacity of the filter is in the range from 99% or more removing 0.1 micron particles to 99% or more removing 1000 micron particles.
[0016]
In the hydroformylation of olefins in a homogeneous liquid phase using a rhodium complex catalyst as a Group VIII metal complex catalyst, the structure of the insoluble substance containing rhodium produced in the reaction process has not been fully elucidated, but hydroformylation It has a catalytic action to insolubilize the metal complex catalyst dissolved in the reaction solution, and moves along with the catalyst solution when the catalyst solution is separated from the hydroformylation reaction product solution. Therefore, when the hydroformylation reaction of olefins is continuously operated for a long period of time, the catalyst solution separated from the reaction solution is usually circulated. Therefore, even if a small amount of this insoluble substance is circulated with the catalyst solution, it gradually becomes insoluble. When substances accumulate on the reactor wall and accumulate on the reactor wall with an Rh accumulation amount of 10 mg / l or more per reactor volume, the metal complex catalyst in the liquid is increasingly insolubilized and the reactivity of the hydroformylation reaction decreases. However, if this insoluble material is removed according to the present invention, such troubles can be avoided and stable operation becomes possible.
[0017]
Examples The present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples. However, the present invention is not limited to the following examples unless it exceeds the gist.
[0018]
Reference example 1
Hydroformyl was supplied by continuously supplying octene and H 2 / CO = 1 gas (hereinafter referred to as oxo gas) to a reactor maintained at a reaction pressure of 170 kg / cm 2 G and a reaction temperature of 130 ° C. using rhodium acetate. The reaction was carried out.
The rhodium concentration in the reaction solution was 20 mg / l.
Triphenylphosphine is added to the reaction liquid distilled from the reactor 5 times mol to rhodium in the reaction liquid, and then separated into the product liquid (unreacted octene, nonanal) and catalyst liquid in a 60 mmHg vacuum distillation separator. did. When this catalyst solution was returned to the reactor as a circulating catalyst and octene was continuously hydroformylated, an insoluble substance was produced in the hydroformylation reaction solution. This insoluble substance is present on the catalyst solution side when the catalyst solution is separated from the reaction solution. The insoluble material contained 1% of rhodium in the reaction solution (0.2 mg / l). The insoluble material was filtered off from the catalyst solution, and this material was subjected to image processing using an optical microscope and an image communicator machine (MKSIPS-1000 manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation) to measure the particle size distribution. As a result, the average particle size was 5 microns. Further, this insoluble material contained rhodium at a ratio of 68 wt%, and as a result of measurement with an X-ray absorption broad-area fine structure measurement apparatus (EXAFS), it was a binuclear complex having Rh-Rh bonds.
[0019]
Example 1 (Cyclic catalyst)
The catalyst solution after separating the insoluble material by filtering the circulated catalyst solution of Reference Example 1 to 80 g of octene with a filter (Nihon Pole Co., Ltd. product: PFY1UY 100), the rhodium concentration in the solution is 10 to 20 mg. It added so that it might become / l. This solution was reacted under oxo gas at 130 ° C. and 140 kg / cm 2 G for 3 hours. When the dissolved rhodium in the reaction solution was measured after completion of the reaction, the rhodium balance was 99%.
[0020]
Comparative Example 1
In Example 1, the reaction was performed for 3 hours under the same conditions except that 70 mg of the insoluble material obtained in Reference Example 1 was added to octene. As a result, the rhodium balance after the reaction was 89%.
[0021]
Comparative Example 2
The same procedure as in Comparative Example 1 was conducted except that the reaction pressure was changed to 50 kg / cm 2 G. As a result, the rhodium balance was 73%.
[0022]
Example 2
In Example 1, it was carried out in the same manner except for changing the reaction pressure to 50Kg / cm 2 G. As a result, the rhodium balance was 93%.
[0023]
【The invention's effect】
According to the method of the present invention, the insoluble material produced in the hydroxyformylation reaction step and the catalyst liquid separation operation step is separated and removed by a very simple technique such as filtration, thereby preventing a decrease in catalyst activity and allowing the reaction to proceed for a long time. Since it can be operated stably, it is extremely useful industrially.

Claims (5)

オレフィンを第VIII族金属錯体触媒を用いて均一液相でヒドロホルミル化反応させ、ヒドロホルミル化反応液から分離した触媒液を反応に循環使用するオレフィンのヒドロホルミル化反応方法において、ヒドロホルミル化反応工程及び/又は触媒液の分離工程において生成する第VIII族金属錯体触媒の一部が不溶化して析出した不溶性物質触媒液から分離除去することを特徴とするオレフィンのヒドロホルミル化反応方法。In the hydroformylation reaction method of olefin, in which a hydroformylation reaction is performed in a homogeneous liquid phase using a Group VIII metal complex catalyst, and the catalyst solution separated from the hydroformylation reaction solution is used in the reaction, the hydroformylation reaction step and / or A method for hydroformylating olefins, comprising separating and removing from the catalyst solution an insoluble substance which is partly insolubilized and precipitated by the Group VIII metal complex catalyst produced in the catalyst solution separation step. 第VIII族金属がロジウムであることを特徴とする請求項1記載のヒドロホルミル化反応方法。The method for hydroformylation according to claim 1, wherein the Group VIII metal is rhodium. 不溶性物質の分離が濾過、遠心分離、沈降分離または吸着処理のいずれかの方法で行われることを特徴とする請求項1または2記載のヒドロホルミル化反応方法。3. The hydroformylation reaction method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the insoluble substance is separated by any one of filtration, centrifugation, sedimentation separation and adsorption treatment. ヒドロホルミル化反応器より得られるヒドロホルミル化反応液から触媒液を分離し、該触媒液を濾過して不溶性物質を除去した後、ヒドロホルミル化反応器に循環することを特徴とする請求項1乃至3のいずれか一項記載のヒドロホルミル化反応方法。The catalyst solution is separated from the hydroformylation reaction solution obtained from the hydroformylation reactor, the catalyst solution is filtered to remove insoluble substances, and then circulated to the hydroformylation reactor. The hydroformylation reaction method according to any one of the above. 不溶性物質の濾過を、濾過効率99%以上の粒子直径が0.1〜1000ミクロンの範囲にある濾過器を用いて行うことを特徴とする請求項1乃至4のいずれか一項記載のヒドロホルミル化反応方法。The hydroformylation according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the insoluble substance is filtered using a filter having a particle diameter in the range of 0.1 to 1000 microns with a filtration efficiency of 99% or more. Reaction method.
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US10266788B2 (en) 2014-05-30 2019-04-23 Kh Neochem Co., Ltd. Refrigerating-machine oil composition and working fluid composition including same for refrigerating machine

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DE102004059292A1 (en) * 2004-12-09 2006-06-14 Oxeno Olefinchemie Gmbh Process for the preparation of alcohols from olefins by hydroformylation and hydrogenation
DE102009016652A1 (en) * 2009-04-07 2010-10-14 Oxea Gmbh Process for working up a liquid hydroformylation discharge

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US4599206A (en) * 1984-02-17 1986-07-08 Union Carbide Corporation Transition metal complex catalyzed reactions
US4748261A (en) * 1985-09-05 1988-05-31 Union Carbide Corporation Bis-phosphite compounds
DE19619527A1 (en) * 1996-05-15 1997-11-20 Hoechst Ag Catalyst systems based on rhodium complex compounds with diphosphine ligands and their use in the production of aldehydes

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US9878974B2 (en) 2014-05-30 2018-01-30 Kh Neochem Co., Ltd. Ester of pentaerythritol and isotridecanoic acid used therefor
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