JP3846891B2 - Signal transmission method - Google Patents

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JP3846891B2
JP3846891B2 JP2004165375A JP2004165375A JP3846891B2 JP 3846891 B2 JP3846891 B2 JP 3846891B2 JP 2004165375 A JP2004165375 A JP 2004165375A JP 2004165375 A JP2004165375 A JP 2004165375A JP 3846891 B2 JP3846891 B2 JP 3846891B2
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signal
transmission
camera
transmission path
transmitted
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JP2004312767A (en
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一宏 田辺
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Hitachi Kokusai Electric Inc
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Description

本発明は、テレビジョンカメラ(以下、カメラと略す)とカメラ制御装置(以下、CCUと称す。CCU: Camera Control Unit)等の2つの映像機器との間を結び、双方向に映像、音声、制御信号などを多重伝送する装置に関するものである。   The present invention connects two video devices such as a television camera (hereinafter abbreviated as a camera) and a camera control unit (hereinafter referred to as a CCU: Camera Control Unit), and bidirectionally transmits video, audio, The present invention relates to an apparatus for multiplex transmission of control signals and the like.

従来、カメラとCCUとの間の伝送は、双方向に映像、音声、制御信号などを周波数分割多重して、同軸ケーブルを介してアナログ的に行われていた。この様なアナログ処理の場合、ケーブル特性、及び周波数分割する際のフィルタ特性の影響を受け、カメラ側あるいはCCU側で得られた映像、音声信号に特性劣化が生じやすい。この問題を解決するため、本出願人は、伝送路の両端で、それぞれ映像、音声信号などをディジタル化し、時分割多重化、時間軸圧縮して、信号期間と無信号期間の繰返しからなる送信信号を生成し、伝送路の一端からの送信信号の無信号期間に、他端からの送信信号を相互に伝送することによって、1つの伝送路にて双方向伝送を可能とした、「ディジタル映像信号多重伝送方法およびその装置」(特願平5−352868号)を提案した。   Conventionally, transmission between the camera and the CCU has been performed in an analog manner via a coaxial cable by frequency-division multiplexing video, audio, control signals, etc. in both directions. In the case of such analog processing, characteristic deterioration is likely to occur in the video and audio signals obtained on the camera side or the CCU side due to the influence of the cable characteristics and the filter characteristics at the time of frequency division. In order to solve this problem, the present applicant digitizes video and audio signals at both ends of the transmission line, performs time-division multiplexing, time-axis compression, and transmits the signal period and non-signal period repeatedly. By generating a signal and transmitting the transmission signal from the other end to each other during the non-signal period of the transmission signal from one end of the transmission path, it is possible to perform bidirectional transmission on one transmission path. Signal multiplex transmission method and apparatus "(Japanese Patent Application No. 5-352868) was proposed.

図2に、この双方向時分割多重伝送の概念を説明するタイムチャートを示す。以下、この出願に述べられている数値を用いて、伝送路(同軸ケーブル)の伝送ビットレートと、映像信号の周波数帯域、及び量子化精度の関係を説明する。シリアルディジタルデータを同軸ケーブルで数百メートル伝送する場合、現在のケーブルの伝送ビットレートは、最大360Mbps程度である。この様な伝送路を利用し、双方向に伝送するために、以下に示す構成を取る。時分割双方向伝送におけるビットレートの割り付けを、カメラからCCUへの伝送を240Mbps、CCUからカメラへの伝送を120Mbpsとする。ここで、カメラからCCUへ送る映像信号のデータ量は、画素数が60万画素のCCDを採用し、量子化精度を10ビットで処理した場合、以下の計算により644Mbpsとなる。
21.48(MHz)×3(ch)×10(ビット)=644.4(Mbps)
21.48(MHz):60万画素のCCDの標本化周波数
3(ch):R,G,B信号の3チャンネル
そこで、644Mbpsのデータを、最大伝送ビットレート240Mbpsの伝送路に送出するため、以下の制限を加える。
(a)量子化精度を8ビットに落す。
(b)R,G,B信号を輝度信号と色信号(2ch)の構成に変換し、色信号の周波数帯域を標準の1/3にする。(標本化周波数=7.16MHzとなる)
(c)水平、垂直帰線期間(ブランキング期間)を除去する。
水平帰線期間除去比率=有効画素数/水平画素数=1140/1365
=0.835
垂直帰線期間除去比率=(垂直走査周期−垂直帰線期間)/垂直走査周期
=(262.5−19)/262.5=0.9276
帰線期間除去比率=0.835×0.9276=0.7745
以上の制限により、総伝送ビットレートは、以下の如く、221.8Mbpsとなり、240Mbpsの仕様が満足でき、伝送可能となる。
(21.48(MHz)+7.16(MHz)×2(ch))×8(ビット)×0.7745
=221.8Mbps
なお、伝送する信号は、他に音声、制御信号などがあるが、映像信号に比べてデータ量が、小さいので無視した。
特願平05−352868号
FIG. 2 shows a time chart for explaining the concept of this bidirectional time division multiplex transmission. Hereinafter, the relationship between the transmission bit rate of the transmission path (coaxial cable), the frequency band of the video signal, and the quantization accuracy will be described using the numerical values described in this application. When serial digital data is transmitted for several hundred meters using a coaxial cable, the transmission bit rate of the current cable is about 360 Mbps at the maximum. In order to transmit bidirectionally using such a transmission path, the following configuration is adopted. The bit rate allocation in the time-division bidirectional transmission is assumed to be 240 Mbps for transmission from the camera to the CCU, and 120 Mbps for transmission from the CCU to the camera. Here, the data amount of the video signal sent from the camera to the CCU is 644 Mbps according to the following calculation when a CCD having 600,000 pixels is used and the quantization accuracy is 10 bits.
21.48 (MHz) x 3 (ch) x 10 (bits) = 644.4 (Mbps)
21.48 (MHz): Sampling frequency of CCD with 600,000 pixels 3 (ch): 3 channels of R, G, B signals Therefore, in order to send 644 Mbps data to a transmission line with a maximum transmission bit rate of 240 Mbps, Add the following restrictions:
(A) The quantization accuracy is lowered to 8 bits.
(B) The R, G, and B signals are converted into a luminance signal and color signal (2ch) configuration, and the frequency band of the color signal is reduced to 1/3 of the standard. (Sampling frequency = 7.16 MHz)
(C) The horizontal and vertical blanking periods (blanking periods) are removed.
Horizontal blanking period removal ratio = number of effective pixels / number of horizontal pixels = 1140/1365
= 0.835
Vertical blanking period removal ratio = (vertical scanning period−vertical blanking period) / vertical scanning period = (262.5-19) /262.5=0.9276
Blanking period elimination ratio = 0.835 × 0.9276 = 0.7745
Due to the above restrictions, the total transmission bit rate is 221.8 Mbps as shown below, and the specification of 240 Mbps can be satisfied and transmission is possible.
(21.48 (MHz) + 7.16 (MHz) x 2 (ch)) x 8 (bits) x 0.7745
= 221.8Mbps
Signals to be transmitted include audio, control signals, etc., but were ignored because the amount of data was small compared to video signals.
Japanese Patent Application No.05-352868

上記の伝送装置では、信号をディジタル化することによって、アナログ伝送における特性劣化の問題は改善されたが、双方向で時分割多重、時間軸圧縮をし、伝送路の一端からの送信信号の無信号期間に、他端からの送信信号を相互に伝送する方式のため、伝送路の最大伝送ビットレートに合わせ、それぞれの伝送信号のデータ量を低減せねばならず、映像信号の量子化精度、及び周波数帯域を制限する必要がある。本発明は、以上の問題点に鑑み、カメラ−CCU間の双方向伝送において、カメラで得られた高画質な映像データを、その高画質な特性を保持したままCCUへ伝送することを目的とする。   In the above transmission apparatus, the problem of characteristic deterioration in analog transmission has been improved by digitizing the signal, but the time-division multiplexing and time-axis compression are performed in both directions to eliminate the transmission signal from one end of the transmission path. Since the transmission signal from the other end is transmitted to each other during the signal period, the data amount of each transmission signal must be reduced according to the maximum transmission bit rate of the transmission path, the quantization accuracy of the video signal, And it is necessary to limit the frequency band. In view of the above problems, the present invention has an object of transmitting high-quality video data obtained by a camera to a CCU while maintaining the high-quality characteristics in bidirectional transmission between the camera and the CCU. To do.

本発明は上記の目的を達成するため、双方向時分割多重とせず、カメラからCCUへの伝送は独立にシリアルディジタルデータとして送り、これに対してCCUからカメラへの伝送はそのシリアルディジタルデータの伝送周波数帯域と異なる周波数帯に変調多重し、同一の伝送路で送るようにしたものである。   In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention does not use bidirectional time division multiplexing, and transmission from the camera to the CCU is independently sent as serial digital data, whereas transmission from the CCU to the camera is not the serial digital data. Modulated and multiplexed in a frequency band different from the transmission frequency band, and sent over the same transmission path.

上記手段により、カメラからCCUへの伝送は対象となる伝送路の最大ビットレートで送ることが可能となり、量子化精度の劣化、及び帯域制限による解像度の劣化を大幅に改善できる。   By the above means, the transmission from the camera to the CCU can be sent at the maximum bit rate of the target transmission line, and the deterioration of the quantization accuracy and the resolution due to the band limitation can be greatly improved.

以上述べた如く、本発明によれば、高画質な特性を保持したまま、映像信号を伝送することができる。また、映像品質を従来技術レベルまで落とすことによって、伝送ビットレートを下げ、逆に伝送距離を伸ばすことも可能となる。   As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to transmit a video signal while maintaining high image quality characteristics. In addition, by reducing the video quality to the level of the prior art, it is possible to lower the transmission bit rate and conversely increase the transmission distance.

図1に本発明の一実施例の概略構成を示す。以下、図1に従って説明する。カメラ1で得られた映像、音声、制御信号は、カメラ側伝送処理ユニット2に送られ、時分割多重回路6で時分割多重化され、パラレル/シリアル変換回路7により、シリアルディジタルデータに変換され、伝送路3に送出される。また、CCU5で得られた映像、音声、制御信号は、CCU側伝送処理ユニット4内の周波数変調多重回路9で周波数変調多重化され、伝送路3に送出される。ここで、カメラ1からCCU5へ送られたシリアルディジタル信号は、CCU側データ(周波数変調多重回路9の出力)と混在することになるが、後述の如くそれぞれの伝送周波数帯域が異なるように設定されているため、フィルタ処理により分離することができる。   FIG. 1 shows a schematic configuration of an embodiment of the present invention. Hereinafter, a description will be given with reference to FIG. Video, audio and control signals obtained by the camera 1 are sent to the camera-side transmission processing unit 2, time division multiplexed by the time division multiplexing circuit 6, and converted to serial digital data by the parallel / serial conversion circuit 7. And sent to the transmission line 3. The video, audio, and control signals obtained by the CCU 5 are frequency modulation multiplexed by the frequency modulation multiplexing circuit 9 in the CCU side transmission processing unit 4 and sent to the transmission path 3. Here, the serial digital signal sent from the camera 1 to the CCU 5 is mixed with the CCU side data (output of the frequency modulation multiplexing circuit 9), but each transmission frequency band is set to be different as will be described later. Therefore, it can be separated by filtering.

つまり、カメラ1からCCU5へ送られたシリアルディジタル信号は、CCU側伝送処理ユニット4内の分離回路10により、分離され取り出される。この分離されたシリアルディジタル信号は、シリアル/パラレル変換回路11によりパラレルデータに変換され、映像、音声、制御信号に分離されて、CCU5に送出される。CCU5からカメラ1へ送られた周波数変調多重信号も、同様に、分離回路8のフィルタ処理により、分離され取り出される。以上のようにして、双方向伝送を行なうことができる。なお、上記周波数変調多重処理には、ディジタル方式とアナログ方式のどちらを使用してもよい。   That is, the serial digital signal sent from the camera 1 to the CCU 5 is separated and extracted by the separation circuit 10 in the CCU side transmission processing unit 4. The separated serial digital signal is converted into parallel data by the serial / parallel conversion circuit 11, separated into video, audio, and control signals and sent to the CCU 5. Similarly, the frequency-modulated multiplexed signal sent from the CCU 5 to the camera 1 is separated and extracted by the filter processing of the separation circuit 8. As described above, bidirectional transmission can be performed. Note that either the digital method or the analog method may be used for the frequency modulation multiplex processing.

次に、本実施例についての定量的な説明を行なう。ここでは、伝送路の最大伝送ビットレートを360Mbpsとし、60万画素のCCD(標本化周波数=21.48MHz)を採用し、量子化精度を10ビットで処理した場合とする。また、音声、制御信号は、映像信号に比べてデータ量が少ないので無視する。本実施例では、前述のような双方向時分割多重伝送とせず、カメラからCCUへ伝送する信号は、時分割多重し、シリアルディジタルデータとして送り、CCUからカメラへ伝送する信号は、該シリアルディジタルデータの伝送周波数帯域(例えば、300MHz以上)と異なる周波数帯域(例えば、150MHz以下)に変調多重して伝送する。これによって、カメラからCCUへ伝送する信号の伝送ビットレートとして、最大伝送ビットレート360Mbps分がフルに使用でき、上記の制限も、下記(1),(2)のように軽減でき、映像品質が大幅に改善される。   Next, a quantitative description of the present embodiment will be given. Here, it is assumed that the maximum transmission bit rate of the transmission path is 360 Mbps, a CCD of 600,000 pixels (sampling frequency = 21.48 MHz) is employed, and the quantization accuracy is processed with 10 bits. Audio and control signals are ignored because they have a smaller amount of data than video signals. In this embodiment, the bi-directional time division multiplex transmission as described above is not performed, but the signal transmitted from the camera to the CCU is time division multiplexed and sent as serial digital data, and the signal transmitted from the CCU to the camera is the serial digital signal. The data is modulated and multiplexed in a frequency band (for example, 150 MHz or less) different from the data transmission frequency band (for example, 300 MHz or more). As a result, the maximum transmission bit rate of 360 Mbps can be used as the transmission bit rate of the signal transmitted from the camera to the CCU, and the above restrictions can be reduced as shown in (1) and (2) below, and the video quality is reduced. Greatly improved.

(1)S/N(量子化雑音)を重視する場合:
(a)量子化精度は10ビットとする。(低減しない)
(b)色信号(2ch)の周波数帯域を標準の1/2にする。(1/3より改善)(標本化周波数=10.74MHzとなる)
(c)水平、垂直帰線期間(ブランキング期間)を除去する。
帰線期間除去比率=0.7745(これは映像品質に影響しない)
これによって、総伝送ビットレートは、
(21.48(MHz)+10.74(MHz)×2(ch))×10(ビット)×0.7745
=332.7Mbps<360Mbps
となり、映像品質(特に、S/N)を保ったまま、双方向伝送が可能となる。
(1) When importance is attached to S / N (quantization noise):
(A) The quantization accuracy is 10 bits. (Do not reduce)
(B) The frequency band of the color signal (2ch) is halved from the standard. (Improved from 1/3) (sampling frequency = 10.74 MHz)
(C) The horizontal and vertical blanking periods (blanking periods) are removed.
Blanking period removal ratio = 0.7745 (this does not affect video quality)
As a result, the total transmission bit rate is
(21.48 (MHz) + 10.74 (MHz) x 2 (ch)) x 10 (bits) x 0.7745
= 332.7 Mbps <360 Mbps
Thus, bi-directional transmission is possible while maintaining video quality (particularly S / N).

(2)解像度を重視する場合:
(a)量子化精度は8ビットとする。
(b)色信号(2ch)の周波数帯域を標準の8/10にする。(1/3より改善)(標本化周波数=17.184MHzとなる)
(c)水平、垂直帰線期間(ブランキング期間)を除去する。
帰線期間除去比率=0.7745
これによって、総伝送ビットレートは、
(21.48(MHz)+17.184(MHz)×2(ch))×8(ビット)×0.7745
=346.0Mbps<360Mbps
となり、映像品質(特に、解像度)を保ったまま、双方向伝送が可能となる。
(2) When emphasizing resolution:
(A) The quantization accuracy is 8 bits.
(B) The frequency band of the color signal (2ch) is set to the standard 8/10. (Improved from 1/3) (sampling frequency = 17.184 MHz)
(C) The horizontal and vertical blanking periods (blanking periods) are removed.
Return period elimination ratio = 0.7745
As a result, the total transmission bit rate is
(21.48 (MHz) + 17.184 (MHz) x 2 (ch)) x 8 (bits) x 0.7745
= 346.0 Mbps <360 Mbps
Thus, bidirectional transmission is possible while maintaining video quality (particularly resolution).

本発明の一実施例の構成を示すブロック図。The block diagram which shows the structure of one Example of this invention. 双方向時分割多重方式を説明するタイムチャート。The time chart explaining a bidirectional | two-time time division multiplexing system.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

1:カメラ、2:カメラ側伝送処理ユニット、3:伝送路、4:CCU側伝送処理ユニット、5:CCU、6:時分割多重回路、7:パラレル/シリアル変換回路、8,10:分離回路、9:周波数変調多重回路、11:シリアル/パラレル変換回路。


1: camera, 2: camera side transmission processing unit, 3: transmission path, 4: CCU side transmission processing unit, 5: CCU, 6: time division multiplexing circuit, 7: parallel / serial conversion circuit, 8, 10: separation circuit , 9: frequency modulation multiplexing circuit, 11: serial / parallel conversion circuit.


Claims (2)

テレビジョンカメラとカメラ制御装置を一本の伝送路で結び、双方向に信号を伝送する伝送方法において、
上記テレビジョンカメラで生成された映像信号、音声信号及び制御信号を上記伝送路の伝送路長及び伝送帯域に合わせた量子化精度と周波数帯域で時分割多重してシリアルディジタル信号となし、該シリアルディジタル信号を上記伝送路を介して上記カメラ制御装置に伝送し、伝送された上記シリアルディジタル信号を上記カメラ制御装置で映像信号、音声信号及び制御信号に変換し、
上記カメラ制御装置で得られた映像信号、音声信号及び制御信号それぞれ上記シリアルディジタル信号伝送帯域より低い周波数帯域の変調信号に変調し、上記伝送路を介して上記変調信号を上記テレビジョンカメラに伝送し、該テレビジョンカメラで上記変調信号を映像信号、音声信号及び制御信号に変換することを特徴とする双方向の信号伝送方法。
In a transmission method in which a television camera and a camera control device are connected by a single transmission line and a signal is transmitted bidirectionally
The television image signal generated by John cameras, audio signal and control signal to time division multiplexing by the quantization precision and the frequency band to suit the transmission path length and the transmission band of the transmission line serial digital signal ungated, the serial A digital signal is transmitted to the camera control device via the transmission path, and the transmitted serial digital signal is converted into a video signal, an audio signal and a control signal by the camera control device;
Video signal obtained by the camera control unit, the audio signals and control signals respectively modulated to a modulated signal of a frequency band lower than the transmission band of the serial digital signal, the television cameras the modulated signal through the transmission path A bidirectional signal transmission method, wherein the television camera converts the modulated signal into a video signal, an audio signal, and a control signal .
テレビジョンカメラとカメラ制御装置と、該テレビジョンカメラとカメラ制御装置とを結合する伝送路とを備えた伝送装置において、
上記テレビジョンカメラは、上記テレビジョンカメラで生成された映像信号、音声信号及び制御信号を上記伝送路の伝送路長及び伝送帯域に合わせた量子化精度と周波数帯域で時分割多重して時分割多重信号とする時分割多重回路と、該時分割多重された時分割多重信号をシリアルディジタル信号に変換するパラレルシリアル変換回路と、上記カメラ制御装置から上記伝送路を介して伝送された変調信号から映像信号、音声信号及び制御信号を分離する第1の分離回路とを有し、
上記カメラ制御装置は、上記伝送路を介して伝送された上記シリアルディジタル信号から映像信号、音声信号及び制御信号を分離する第2の分離回路と、上記カメラ制御装置で得られた映像信号、音声信号及び制御信号上記伝送路を介して伝送された上記シリアルディジタル信号伝送周波数帯域より低い周波数帯域の上記変調信号に変調し、該変調信号を上記伝送路を介して上記テレビジョンカメラに伝送する周波数変調多重回路とを有することを特徴とする双方向の信号伝送装置。
In a transmission device comprising a television camera and a camera control device, and a transmission path for coupling the television camera and the camera control device,
The television camera time-division-multiplexes the video signal, audio signal, and control signal generated by the television camera in a time-division-multiplexed manner with a quantization accuracy and a frequency band that match the transmission path length and transmission band of the transmission path. A time-division multiplexing circuit to be a multiplexed signal, a parallel-serial conversion circuit for converting the time-division multiplexed time-division multiplexed signal into a serial digital signal , and a modulation signal transmitted from the camera control device via the transmission path A first separation circuit that separates the video signal, the audio signal, and the control signal ;
The camera control device includes: a second separation circuit that separates a video signal, an audio signal, and a control signal from the serial digital signal transmitted through the transmission path; and a video signal, an audio obtained by the camera control device. the signal and control signal modulated into the modulated signal of a frequency band lower than the transmission frequency band of the transmitted said serial digital signal through the transmission path, transmitted to the television cameras the modulated signal through the transmission path A bidirectional signal transmission device comprising: a frequency modulation multiplexing circuit that performs the same.
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