JP3839615B2 - Vacuum carburizing method - Google Patents

Vacuum carburizing method Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3839615B2
JP3839615B2 JP10485599A JP10485599A JP3839615B2 JP 3839615 B2 JP3839615 B2 JP 3839615B2 JP 10485599 A JP10485599 A JP 10485599A JP 10485599 A JP10485599 A JP 10485599A JP 3839615 B2 JP3839615 B2 JP 3839615B2
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carburizing
gas
flow rate
period
chamber
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JP2000001765A (en
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正臣 和歌
徹 門野
哲 原井
徹也 岡田
直明 今井
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Nachi Fujikoshi Corp
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Nachi Fujikoshi Corp
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は鉄鋼材料の真空浸炭処理方法及び装置に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
鉄鋼材料の浸炭には従来からガス浸炭、真空浸炭、プラズマ浸炭等が行われている。ガス浸炭は現状広く行われているが、可燃ガスによる危険性、処理品表面の粒界酸化、高温浸炭による短サイクル化が難しい等の問題点がある。またプラズマ浸炭はコストが高く特殊浸炭に限定されている。真空浸炭では900〜1100℃で浸炭ガスとして飽和炭化水素(メタンガス、プロパンガス、ブタン)を用いて10〜70kPaの圧力で処理する方法がある。
【0003】
さらに、アセチレンを用いた浸炭処理方法として、特開平8-325701号公報では、真空浸炭処理室の圧力を1kPa以下とし、一定時間アセチレンガスを流し、その後ガスを一定時間停止し処理品内部へ炭素を拡散させている。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
かかる真空浸炭の場合にはガス浸炭と比較すると炉内の炭素濃度が高くなるため、温度が同じでも、内部との炭素濃度勾配が大きくなるため浸炭時間を短縮することができるという利点を有する。しかし、真空浸炭においては、表面、特に、コーナー部表面は平面部と比べ内部へ炭素が拡散する面積が少ないため、炭素濃度が高くなり残留オーステナイトが多くなり、又は網状の炭化物が生成されやすくなるという問題があった。この残留オーステナイトが多すぎたり、網状の炭化物が生成されると浸炭製品の品質を大きく低下させるという問題があった。又、アセチレンでは1kPa、エチレンでは10kPaをそれぞれ超えると煤が発生し、制御範囲が狭いという問題があった。
【0005】
本発明の目的はかかる問題点に鑑みて、真空浸炭処理方法において、コーナー部も含めた表面炭素濃度過多による不具合を解決し、かつ幅広い浸炭圧力での処理が可能で煤の発生も無く安価に浸炭する方法及び装置を提供することである。
【0006】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明においては、真空浸炭処理において、浸炭ガスとしてエチレンガス又はエチレンガスとアセチレンガスの混合ガスを用い、該浸炭ガスの供給量を少なくとも一度高流量レベルとし炭素を表面に浸透させる浸炭期とし、前記浸炭期から低流量レベルとして炭素を内部へ拡散させる拡散期とし、さらに高流量レベルの浸炭期から低流量レベルの拡散期へと、浸炭期と拡散期とを繰り返して変化させ、かつ前記浸炭ガスの高流量レベル時の浸炭期での浸炭室の圧力が1kPaを超え10kPa以下の範囲にされていることを特徴とする真空浸炭方法を提供することにより上記課題を解決した。
【0007】
浸炭ガスにエチレンガス又はエチレンガスとアセチレンガスの混合ガスを用いて真空浸炭を行う事により、エチレンやアセチレンは鋼表面で効率的に分解して、浸炭源の炭素を供給する。浸炭室の圧力を1kPaを超え10kPa以下の範囲にして、浸炭期に規定のガス量を規定時間流し炭素を表面に浸透させ、拡散期では浸炭ガスを規定時間停止又は減少させて、炭素を内部へ拡散することを繰り返すパルス浸炭を行うことにより、特にコーナー部の炭素の高濃度化による網状の炭化物の生成を抑制することができる。
【0008】
これは浸炭ガス供給を低レベルに保っている間は、炭素源の供給が抑制されるとともに、表層の炭素は熱拡散によりワークの内部へ拡散する。浸炭ガスの供給を高いレベルに戻すことにより再び活発な浸炭が繰り返される。このように浸炭ガスの供給量を高レベルと低レベルの間で変化させこれを繰り返すことにより、表層部の炭素の拡散が進行しやすくなるので、表面異常層のない浸炭処理ができるのである。また、細い穴部等の浸炭ガスの流れがよくなるので、狭い空間部の浸炭も均一になる。
【0009】
本浸炭処理方法では浸炭源を過剰に供給しないので、浸炭ガスの消費量が抑制できるとともに、浸炭室内の煤の発生を抑えることができ、浸炭室の圧力が従来より広い範囲である1kPaを超え10kPa以下とした。なお、本方法においては、1kPa以下では浸炭が不十分となり、10kPa超では煤の発生が大きくなる。
【0010】
浸炭ガスの流量変化は高流量、低流量、高流量、低流量としたが、浸炭状況によりこれを繰り返すのが効果的である。そこで、請求項2においては、浸炭ガスの流量変化を周期的に変化するようにした。
【0011】
また、請求項3のように、浸炭ガスの流量変化はパルス状が制御しやすい。
【0012】
供給ガスの流量変化が少ないと、又、低流量時の時間が短すぎると低流量時の炭素の内部への拡散が促進されない。そこで請求項4においては、浸炭ガスの高流量レベルに対する低流量レベルの流量レベル比を0〜50%とし、かつ高流量レベルに対する低流量レベルの時間比を50〜3,000%とするのがよい。
【0013】
コーナー部の形状や必要な表面組織により、適正な周期やパルス条件(流量と時間)必要である。このためには、浸炭ガスの供給量及び浸炭室内の圧力の制御が重要である。浸炭室内の圧力の制御は、浸炭ガスの供給量の変化に対するより、排出側の排出ガス量を制御する方が変化が大きい。そこで、請求項5においては、浸炭室内の圧力の調整を、真空排気装置と浸炭室の排気口との間に設けられたバルブ又は可動オリフィス機構を調整することにより行うこととした。なお、排気側で流量を制御することにより、入口側制御に比べ、浸炭ガス流量を少なくすることができる。
【0014】
かかる真空浸炭方法の実施にあたっては、加熱装置を具備した浸炭室と、該浸炭室内を排気する真空排気装置と、該浸炭室内へ浸炭ガスを供給する装置と、焼入れ用油槽を備えた冷却室とを有する真空浸炭装置において、浸炭ガス供給量を少なくとも一度高流量レベルから低流量レベルさらに高流量レベルから低流量レベルに変化させ、浸炭をする浸炭期と拡散をする拡散期を繰り返す制御系を設け、かつ浸炭室内の圧力を調節するために、浸炭室の排気口と真空排気装置との間にバルブ又は可動オリフィス機構を設けた真空浸炭装置により行うことができる。
【0015】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明の実施の形態について図面を参照して説明する。図1は本発明の実施の形態を示す真空浸炭装置の全体概要図である。図1に示すように、本真空浸炭炉は加熱装置を具備した浸炭室10と、該浸炭室に接続された冷却室3と、製品出入用の搬送装置2から構成されている。
【0016】
浸炭室10には、ワーク8を高温加熱するための図示しない発熱体が取り付けられ、かつ保温のための断熱箱9が取り付けられている。また、エチレンガス又はエチレンガスとアセチレンガスの混合ガスを図示しない供給口から浸炭室10内へ供給するようにされており、この浸炭ガス供給量を制御するガス供給盤11と発熱体を制御する温度制御装置13が備えられている。これらの構成は従来の真空浸炭装置とほぼ同様であり、さらに、従来のものでは浸炭室の排気口17が真空排気装置12に接続されている。しかし、本装置においては、特に浸炭室の排気口17と真空排気装置12の間に浸炭室内の圧力を調整するためのバルブ16が接続されている。このバルブ16は真空排気装置12と排気口17の間にある、図示しない主排気バルブと直列に取付けた例であるが、並列に取付けてもよい。さらに真空排気装置12と冷却室3の排気口18の間にも、図示しない排気バルブが取付けれれている。又、真空排気装置12は、冷却室3と浸炭室10にそれぞれ設けてもよい。
【0017】
浸炭室10に接続された冷却室3は、焼き入れ油槽7と、焼き入れエレベーター5及び炉内搬送装置6、によって構成され、浸炭室とは中扉15により開閉可能にされている。さらに、冷却室3は前扉14によって開閉可能にされている。扉14、15はそれぞれの室を密閉できるようにされている。また、冷却室3の排気口18が真空排気装置12とバルブ16との間に接続されている。冷却室3の前扉14の前にワークを出し入れをするための搬送テーブル2が配置されている。なお、符号1、4、4′8はそれぞれの装置でのワークを示す。
【0018】
次に本発明の浸炭方法について説明する。図1の本発明の装置を用いて以下の処理を順次行う。
(1) まず真空排気装置12によりバルブ16をほぼ全開とし、さらに図示しない浸炭室10の排気バルブ、及び冷却室3の排気バルブ、を開いた状態、即ち浸炭室10と冷却室3を連通させた状態で、浸炭室10と冷却室3を0.05kPa以下まで真空排気する。
(2) 所定の圧力に達した後、浸炭室10を排気しながら浸炭温度まで昇温する。
(3) 冷却室3の前扉14を開放して、ワーク1を搬送テーブル2によって焼き入れエレベータ5上にワーク4を搬入し、前扉14を閉める。
(4) 冷却室3を真空排気装置12により0.05kPa以下まで真空排気する。
(5) 所定の圧力に達した後中扉15を開放して、処理品4を冷却室3から浸炭室10内に搬送し、中扉を閉める。
(6) 浸炭室10を真空加熱しワーク4を所定温度(850〜1100℃)に加熱、均熱する。
(7) その後ガス供給盤11により浸炭ガスを浸炭ガス供給口から浸炭室10内に供給する。さらにバルブ16を調整することにより浸炭ガスが高流量レベル時、即ち浸炭期の浸炭室内の圧力が1kPaを超え10kPa以下の範囲の所定圧力になるよう
に調整する。
【0019】
浸炭期においては浸炭ガスを所定の流量(高流量レベル)で流し、拡散期において浸炭ガスを停止又は減少(低流量レベル)させ、これを繰り返す。高流量レベルに対する低流量レベルの流量レベル比を0〜50%とされる。これを事前に設定された時間(拡散/浸炭の時間比50〜3,000%)により高温保持中の間、周期的に繰り返す。
(8) かかるパルス状の浸炭(以下パルス浸炭という)が終了し高温保持時間終了後、焼き入れ温度まで浸炭室を降温し、必要に応じさらに均熱加熱する。
【0020】
なお、浸炭室内の圧力は浸炭ガスの量により変化するが、真空排気装置の能力は浸炭ガスの供給量に比べ十分大きいので、バルブ16により所定の圧力で制御される。浸炭ガスの高流量レベル時に1kPaを超え10kPa以下の範囲で調整し、低流量レベル時はそれ以下の圧力でよいので、バルブ調整は低流量レベル時も調整してもよいが、高流量レベル時に合わせて調整しておけばよい。流量レベル比が0の場合、低流量レベル時は例えば0.05kPa以下となる。
【0021】
(9) 浸炭室10の温度が焼き入れ温度まで低下した後、中扉15を開放し、内部搬送装置6によってワーク4を冷却室3に移動し、エレベーター5の上に搬出した後、中扉15を閉め、エレベーター5を下降させ、油槽7の油中にワーク4′を浸して焼き入れ処理する。このとき窒素ガスを大気圧未満まで導入する。
(10)油中で所定の時間保持した後エレベーター5を上昇させ、油切りする。
(11)冷却室3を大気圧にする。
(12)前扉14を開放して、ワーク4を炉外の搬送テーブル2に搬出した後、前扉14を閉じ、そして
(13)冷却室3を真空排気装置12により0.05kPa以下まで真空排気することにより、1サイクルの真空浸炭処理が完了する。
【0022】
【実施例】
(実施例1)
次に図1に示す本装置を用いた真空浸炭の実施例を説明する。実施例1では浸炭ガスにエチレンガスを用いた。材質がSCM415、外径20mm長さ10mmの丸棒の処理品を浸炭室に搬送し、浸炭室内の温度を930℃に加熱した後、エチレンガスを流量1Lit/minで1分間供給して、浸炭室内圧力1.3kPaになるように排気バルブ調整しながら浸炭し、その後4分間エチレンガスを停止して拡散し、また、浸炭室内圧力1.3kPaでエチレンガスを1分間供給し、その後4分間エチレンガスを停止する。これを1時間(計12回)繰り返すパルス浸炭をした後、焼き入れ温度である850度迄冷却し、この温度で30分保持した後、冷却室に移送し油冷した。
【0023】
かかる真空浸炭処理を行った処理品の炭素分析をしたところ、表面の炭素濃度は0.81%、炭素濃度が0.3%になる表面からの距離は0.55mmとなり適正な値であった。またコーナー部の組織には網状の炭化物は見られず、残留オーステナイトも正常であり、煤の発生も無かった。
【0024】
(実施例2)
次に、浸炭ガスにエチレンガス70%とアセチレンガス30%との混合ガスを用いた本発明の実施例2について説明する。実施例2では、図1に示す本装置を使用し、材質がSCM415、外径20mm長さ10mmの丸棒の処理品を浸炭室に搬送し、浸炭室内の温度を930℃に加熱した後、浸炭室内圧力2.6kPaになるように排気バルブ調整しながら、エチレンガス70%とアセチレンガス30%との混合ガスを流量1Lit/minで1分間供給して浸炭し、その後、浸炭室内圧力0.13kPaになるように排気バルブ調整しながら、混合ガスを流量0.1Lit/minに減じて5分間流し拡散しこれを1時間(10回)繰り返すパルス浸炭をした後、焼き入れ温度850度迄冷却し、この温度で30分保持した後、冷却室に移送し油冷した。
【0025】
かかる処理品の炭素分析をしたところ、表面の炭素濃度は0.84%、炭素濃度が0.3%になる表面からの距離は0.58mmと適正な値であった。またコーナー部の組織には網状の炭化物は見られず、残留オーステナイトも正常であり、煤の発生が無かった。
【0026】
【発明の効果】
本発明の方法によれば、エチレンガス又はエチレンガスとアセチレンガスの混合ガスの供給量を少なくとも一度高流量レベル(浸炭期)から低流量レベル(拡散期)さらに高流量レベル(浸炭期)から低流量レベル(拡散期)へと繰り返し変化させたパルス浸炭としたので、表面異常層のない浸炭処理ができ、狭い空間部の浸炭も均一になる。特にコーナー部も含めた表面炭素濃度過多による不具合がない。また、浸炭ガスの高流量レベル時の浸炭室の圧力を1kPaを超え10kPa以下の範囲にしたので、煤の発生も無く安価に浸炭する方法を提供するものとなった。
【0027】
また、パルス浸炭により、浸炭源を過剰に供給せず、浸炭ガスの消費量を抑制できるので、トータルのランニングコストを下げることができる新たな真空浸炭装置を提供でき、産業上非常に有益である。
【0028】
また、浸炭ガスの流量変化を周期的に変化するようにしたので、より浸炭が均一なものとなった。
【0029】
また、浸炭ガスの流量変化をパルス状の制御としたので、制御がしやすく従来の真空浸炭装置を簡単に本装置に改造できる。
【0030】
また、高流量レベルと低流量レベルの流量レベル比を0〜50%とし、かつ高流量レベルに対する低流量レベルの時間比を50〜3,000%とすることにより、より確実に浸炭ができるものとなった。
浸炭室内の圧力の調整を、バルブ又は可動オリフィス機構を調整することにより排気側で流量を制御するので、制御が簡単で、浸炭ガス流量も少なくすることができ、さらなるコストが低減できる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の実施の形態を示す真空浸炭装置の全体概要図である。
【符号の説明】
3 冷却室 7 (焼き入れ用)油槽
10 浸炭室 11 供給する装置(ガス供給盤)
12 真空排気装置 16 調整バルブ(バルブ又は可動オリフィス機構) 17 排気口
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a vacuum carburizing method and apparatus for steel materials.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, carburizing of steel materials has been performed by gas carburizing, vacuum carburizing, plasma carburizing, and the like. Although gas carburizing is widely used at present, there are problems such as danger from combustible gas, grain boundary oxidation on the surface of the processed product, and difficulty in shortening the cycle by high-temperature carburizing. Plasma carburization is expensive and limited to special carburization. In vacuum carburizing, there is a method of treating at a pressure of 10 to 70 kPa using saturated hydrocarbon (methane gas, propane gas, butane) as a carburizing gas at 900 to 1100 ° C.
[0003]
Furthermore, as a carburizing method using acetylene, in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 8-325701, the pressure of the vacuum carburizing chamber is set to 1 kPa or less, acetylene gas is allowed to flow for a certain period of time, and then the gas is stopped for a certain period of time, and carbon inside the treated product. Is spreading.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In the case of such vacuum carburizing, since the carbon concentration in the furnace is higher than that in gas carburizing, there is an advantage that the carburizing time can be shortened because the carbon concentration gradient with the inside becomes large even at the same temperature. However, in vacuum carburization, the surface, particularly the surface of the corner portion, has a smaller area in which carbon diffuses into the interior than the plane portion, so that the carbon concentration increases and residual austenite increases, or reticulated carbide is likely to be generated. There was a problem. When there is too much retained austenite or net-like carbide is generated, there is a problem that the quality of the carburized product is greatly deteriorated. In addition, when acetylene exceeds 1 kPa and ethylene exceeds 10 kPa, soot is generated and the control range is narrow.
[0005]
In view of such a problem, the object of the present invention is to solve the problems caused by excessive surface carbon concentration including the corner portion in the vacuum carburizing method, and can be processed at a wide range of carburizing pressures, so that there is no generation of soot and low cost. It is to provide a method and apparatus for carburizing.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In the present invention, in the vacuum carburizing process, ethylene gas or a mixed gas of ethylene gas and acetylene gas is used as the carburizing gas, and the carburizing period in which carbon is infiltrated into the surface by setting the supply amount of the carburizing gas at a high flow level at least once , The carburization period is a diffusion period in which carbon is diffused into the interior at a low flow level, and the carburization period and the diffusion period are repeatedly changed from a high flow level carburization period to a low flow level diffusion period. The above-mentioned problems have been solved by providing a vacuum carburizing method characterized in that the pressure of the carburizing chamber during the carburizing period at a high gas flow level is in the range of more than 1 kPa and not more than 10 kPa .
[0007]
By performing vacuum carburization using ethylene gas or a mixed gas of ethylene gas and acetylene gas as the carburizing gas, ethylene and acetylene are efficiently decomposed on the steel surface to supply carbon as a carburizing source. The pressure of the carburizing chamber is set in the range of more than 1 kPa and less than 10 kPa , the specified gas amount is allowed to flow for a specified time during the carburizing period, and the carbon is infiltrated into the surface. By performing pulse carburization that repeats diffusion to the surface, it is possible to suppress the formation of reticulated carbides particularly due to the high concentration of carbon in the corners.
[0008]
As long as the carburizing gas supply is kept at a low level, the supply of the carbon source is suppressed, and the carbon on the surface layer diffuses into the workpiece by thermal diffusion. Active carburization is repeated again by returning the supply of carburizing gas to a high level. In this way, by changing the supply amount of the carburizing gas between the high level and the low level and repeating this, the carbon diffusion in the surface layer portion easily proceeds, so that the carburizing process without the surface abnormal layer can be performed. Further, since the flow of the carburizing gas such as the narrow hole portion is improved, the carburizing of the narrow space portion becomes uniform.
[0009]
Since this carburizing treatment method does not supply an excessive amount of carburizing source, the consumption of carburizing gas can be suppressed, the generation of soot in the carburizing chamber can be suppressed, and the pressure in the carburizing chamber exceeds 1 kPa, which is a wider range than before. 10 kPa or less . In this method, carburization is insufficient when the pressure is 1 kPa or less, and soot generation is increased when the pressure exceeds 10 kPa.
[0010]
Although the flow rate change of the carburizing gas is a high flow rate, a low flow rate, a high flow rate, and a low flow rate, it is effective to repeat this depending on the carburizing situation. Therefore, in claim 2, the flow rate change of the carburizing gas is changed periodically.
[0011]
Further, as in claim 3, the change in the flow rate of the carburizing gas is easily controlled in a pulse form.
[0012]
If the flow rate change of the supply gas is small, or if the time at the low flow rate is too short, the diffusion of carbon into the interior at the low flow rate is not promoted. Therefore, in claim 4, the flow rate ratio of the low flow rate level to the high flow rate level of the carburizing gas is set to 0 to 50%, and the time ratio of the low flow rate level to the high flow rate level is set to 50 to 3,000%. Good.
[0013]
Appropriate period and pulse conditions (flow rate and time) are required depending on the shape of the corner and the required surface texture. For this purpose, it is important to control the amount of carburizing gas supplied and the pressure in the carburizing chamber. The control of the pressure in the carburizing chamber has a larger change in controlling the exhaust gas amount on the exhaust side than in the change in the supply amount of the carburizing gas. Therefore, in claim 5, the pressure in the carburizing chamber is adjusted by adjusting a valve or a movable orifice mechanism provided between the vacuum exhaust device and the exhaust port of the carburizing chamber. In addition, by controlling the flow rate on the exhaust side, the carburized gas flow rate can be reduced compared to the inlet side control.
[0014]
In implementing such a vacuum carburizing method, a carburizing chamber provided with the pressurized heat apparatus, a vacuum exhaust device for exhausting the該浸charcoal chamber, the cooling chamber comprising a device for supplying carburizing gas into該浸charcoal chamber, quenching for the vat A control system that changes the carburizing gas supply amount at least once from a high flow level to a low flow level and then from a high flow level to a low flow level, and repeats the carburizing period for carburizing and the diffusion period for diffusing. In order to adjust the pressure in the carburizing chamber, a vacuum carburizing device in which a valve or a movable orifice mechanism is provided between the exhaust port of the carburizing chamber and the vacuum exhaust device can be used.
[0015]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is an overall schematic view of a vacuum carburizing apparatus showing an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1, the present vacuum carburizing furnace includes a carburizing chamber 10 equipped with a heating device, a cooling chamber 3 connected to the carburizing chamber, and a transfer device 2 for loading and unloading products.
[0016]
A heating element (not shown) for heating the workpiece 8 at a high temperature is attached to the carburizing chamber 10, and a heat insulating box 9 for heat insulation is attached. Further, ethylene gas or a mixed gas of ethylene gas and acetylene gas is supplied into the carburizing chamber 10 from a supply port (not shown), and the gas supply board 11 for controlling the amount of carburizing gas supply and the heating element are controlled. A temperature control device 13 is provided. These structures are almost the same as those of the conventional vacuum carburizing apparatus. Furthermore, in the conventional apparatus, the exhaust port 17 of the carburizing chamber is connected to the vacuum exhaust apparatus 12. However, in this apparatus, a valve 16 for adjusting the pressure in the carburizing chamber is connected between the exhaust port 17 of the carburizing chamber and the vacuum exhaust device 12. The valve 16 is an example of being mounted in series with a main exhaust valve (not shown) between the vacuum exhaust device 12 and the exhaust port 17, but may be mounted in parallel. Further, an exhaust valve (not shown) is also installed between the vacuum exhaust device 12 and the exhaust port 18 of the cooling chamber 3. Further, the vacuum exhaust device 12 may be provided in each of the cooling chamber 3 and the carburizing chamber 10.
[0017]
The cooling chamber 3 connected to the carburizing chamber 10 includes a quenching oil tank 7, a quenching elevator 5, and an in-furnace transfer device 6, and the carburizing chamber can be opened and closed by an inner door 15. Further, the cooling chamber 3 can be opened and closed by a front door 14. The doors 14 and 15 are configured to seal the respective chambers. An exhaust port 18 of the cooling chamber 3 is connected between the vacuum exhaust device 12 and the valve 16. In front of the front door 14 of the cooling chamber 3, a transfer table 2 for taking in and out the work is disposed. Reference numerals 1, 4, 4'8 denote workpieces in the respective apparatuses.
[0018]
Next, the carburizing method of the present invention will be described. The following processing is sequentially performed using the apparatus of the present invention shown in FIG.
(1) First, the valve 16 is almost fully opened by the vacuum exhaust device 12, and the exhaust valve of the carburizing chamber 10 and the exhaust valve of the cooling chamber 3 (not shown) are opened, that is, the carburizing chamber 10 and the cooling chamber 3 are communicated. In this state, the carburizing chamber 10 and the cooling chamber 3 are evacuated to 0.05 kPa or less.
(2) After reaching a predetermined pressure, the temperature is raised to the carburizing temperature while exhausting the carburizing chamber 10.
(3) The front door 14 of the cooling chamber 3 is opened, the work 1 is transferred onto the quenching elevator 5 by the transfer table 2, and the front door 14 is closed.
(4) The cooling chamber 3 is evacuated to 0.05 kPa or less by the evacuation apparatus 12.
(5) After reaching a predetermined pressure, the middle door 15 is opened, the processed product 4 is transferred from the cooling chamber 3 into the carburizing chamber 10, and the middle door is closed.
(6) The carburizing chamber 10 is heated in a vacuum to heat and soak the workpiece 4 to a predetermined temperature (850 to 1100 ° C.).
(7) Thereafter, the gas supply board 11 supplies the carburizing gas into the carburizing chamber 10 from the carburizing gas supply port. Further, the valve 16 is adjusted so that the pressure of the carburizing gas at a high flow level , that is , the pressure in the carburizing chamber during the carburizing period is a predetermined pressure in the range of more than 1 kPa and not more than 10 kPa .
[0019]
In the carburizing period, the carburizing gas is allowed to flow at a predetermined flow rate (high flow level), and in the diffusion period, the carburizing gas is stopped or reduced (low flow level), and this is repeated. The flow rate ratio of the low flow rate level to the high flow rate level is set to 0 to 50%. This is repeated periodically while the temperature is maintained at a preset time (diffusion / carburization time ratio 50 to 3,000%).
(8) After such pulse carburizing (hereinafter referred to as pulse carburizing) is completed and the high temperature holding time is completed, the temperature of the carburizing chamber is lowered to the quenching temperature, and further soaking is performed as necessary.
[0020]
Although the pressure in the carburizing chamber varies depending on the amount of carburizing gas, the capacity of the evacuation device is sufficiently larger than the amount of carburizing gas supplied, and is thus controlled by the valve 16 at a predetermined pressure. The carburizing gas can be adjusted within the range of more than 1 kPa and less than 10 kPa at the high flow level, and lower pressure at the low flow level. Therefore, the valve adjustment may be adjusted at the low flow level. Just adjust it. When the flow rate level ratio is 0, for example, 0.05 kPa or less at the low flow rate level.
[0021]
(9) After the temperature of the carburizing chamber 10 has dropped to the quenching temperature, the inner door 15 is opened, and the work 4 is moved to the cooling chamber 3 by the internal transfer device 6 and carried out onto the elevator 5, and then the inner door. 15 is closed, the elevator 5 is lowered, and the workpiece 4 ′ is dipped in the oil in the oil tank 7 for quenching treatment. At this time, nitrogen gas is introduced to less than atmospheric pressure.
(10) After holding in oil for a predetermined time, the elevator 5 is raised and drained.
(11) The cooling chamber 3 is brought to atmospheric pressure.
(12) After opening the front door 14 and carrying the work 4 to the transfer table 2 outside the furnace, the front door 14 is closed, and
(13) The cooling chamber 3 is evacuated to 0.05 kPa or less by the evacuation apparatus 12 to complete one cycle of the carburizing process.
[0022]
【Example】
Example 1
Next, an example of vacuum carburization using this apparatus shown in FIG. 1 will be described. In Example 1, ethylene gas was used as the carburizing gas. A processed product of a round bar with a material of SCM415 and an outer diameter of 20 mm and a length of 10 mm is conveyed to the carburizing chamber, the temperature in the carburizing chamber is heated to 930 ° C., and then ethylene gas is supplied at a flow rate of 1 Lit / min for 1 minute to perform carburizing. Carburizing while adjusting the exhaust valve so that the pressure inside the chamber becomes 1.3 kPa, and then stopping and diffusing ethylene gas for 4 minutes, and supplying ethylene gas for 1 minute at a pressure of 1.3 kPa in the carburizing chamber, and then ethylene for 4 minutes. Stop the gas. After pulse carburizing repeated for 1 hour (12 times in total), the steel was cooled to a quenching temperature of 850 ° C., held at this temperature for 30 minutes, then transferred to a cooling chamber and cooled with oil.
[0023]
When the carbon analysis of the processed product subjected to the vacuum carburizing treatment was performed, the surface carbon concentration was 0.81%, and the distance from the surface where the carbon concentration was 0.3% was 0.55 mm, which was an appropriate value. . In addition, no reticulated carbide was observed in the structure of the corner, the retained austenite was normal, and no wrinkles were generated.
[0024]
(Example 2)
Next, Example 2 of the present invention using a mixed gas of 70% ethylene gas and 30% acetylene gas as the carburizing gas will be described. In Example 2, using the present apparatus shown in FIG. 1, the processed material of a round bar having a material of SCM415 and an outer diameter of 20 mm and a length of 10 mm is transferred to the carburizing chamber, and the temperature of the carburizing chamber is heated to 930 ° C. While adjusting the exhaust valve so that the pressure in the carburizing chamber becomes 2.6 kPa, carburizing is performed by supplying a mixed gas of 70% ethylene gas and 30% acetylene gas at a flow rate of 1 Lit / min for 1 minute, and then the pressure in the carburizing chamber is 0. Adjusting the exhaust valve to 13 kPa, reducing the flow rate to 0.1 Lit / min, flowing for 5 minutes, diffusing for 5 minutes and repeating this for 1 hour (10 times), then cooling to a quenching temperature of 850 degrees After maintaining at this temperature for 30 minutes, it was transferred to a cooling chamber and oil cooled.
[0025]
As a result of carbon analysis of the treated product, the surface carbon concentration was 0.84%, and the distance from the surface where the carbon concentration was 0.3% was 0.58 mm, which was an appropriate value. In addition, no reticulated carbide was observed in the structure of the corner, the retained austenite was normal, and no wrinkles were generated.
[0026]
【The invention's effect】
According to the method of the present invention, the supply amount of ethylene gas or a mixed gas of ethylene gas and acetylene gas is reduced at least once from a high flow level (carburization period) to a low flow level (diffusion period) and further from a high flow level (carburization period) to low. Since the pulse carburization was repeatedly changed to the flow rate level (diffusion period) , carburization without an abnormal surface layer can be performed, and the carburization in a narrow space becomes uniform. In particular, there is no problem due to excessive surface carbon concentration including corners. Moreover, since the pressure of the carburizing chamber at the high flow rate level of the carburizing gas is set in the range of more than 1 kPa and not more than 10 kPa, there is provided a method of carburizing at low cost without generation of soot.
[0027]
In addition, pulse carburizing does not supply excessive carburizing sources and can suppress the consumption of carburizing gas, so it can provide a new vacuum carburizing device that can reduce the total running cost, which is very beneficial to the industry. .
[0028]
In addition, since the change in the flow rate of the carburizing gas is changed periodically, the carburization becomes more uniform.
[0029]
In addition, since the change in the flow rate of the carburizing gas is controlled in a pulse form, it is easy to control and the conventional vacuum carburizing apparatus can be easily modified to this apparatus.
[0030]
Also, carburization can be more reliably performed by setting the flow rate ratio between the high flow rate level and the low flow rate level to 0 to 50% and the time ratio of the low flow rate level to the high flow rate level to 50 to 3,000%. It became.
Since the flow rate is controlled on the exhaust side by adjusting the valve or the movable orifice mechanism to adjust the pressure in the carburizing chamber, the control is simple, the carburizing gas flow rate can be reduced, and the cost can be further reduced.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is an overall schematic diagram of a vacuum carburizing apparatus showing an embodiment of the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
3 Cooling chamber 7 (for quenching) Oil tank 10 Carburizing chamber 11 Supply device (gas supply panel)
12 Vacuum exhaust device 16 Adjustment valve (valve or movable orifice mechanism) 17 Exhaust port

Claims (5)

真空浸炭処理において、浸炭ガスとしてエチレンガス又はエチレンガスとアセチレンガスの混合ガスを用い、該浸炭ガスの供給量を少なくとも一度高流量レベルとし炭素を表面に浸透させる浸炭期とし、前記浸炭期から低流量レベルとして炭素を内部へ拡散させる拡散期とし、さらに高流量レベルの浸炭期から低流量レベルの拡散期へと、浸炭期と拡散期とを繰り返して変化させ、かつ前記浸炭ガスの高流量レベル時の浸炭期での浸炭室の圧力が1kPaを超え10kPa以下の範囲にされていることを特徴とする真空浸炭方法。In the vacuum carburizing treatment, ethylene gas or a mixed gas of ethylene gas and acetylene gas is used as the carburizing gas, and the carburizing period in which carbon is infiltrated into the surface by setting the supply amount of the carburizing gas at least once at a high flow rate level is lower than the carburizing period. The flow rate level is a diffusion period in which carbon is diffused into the interior. Further, the carburization period and the diffusion period are repeatedly changed from a high flow rate carburization period to a low flow rate diffusion period, and the carburizing gas has a high flow level. The vacuum carburizing method, wherein the pressure of the carburizing chamber in the carburizing period of time is in the range of more than 1 kPa and not more than 10 kPa . 前記浸炭ガスの流量変化は周期的に変化するようにされていることを特徴とする請求項1記載の真空浸炭方法 2. The vacuum carburizing method according to claim 1, wherein the flow rate change of the carburizing gas is changed periodically . 前記浸炭ガスの流量変化はパルス状であることことを特徴とする請求項1又は2記載の真空浸炭方法 3. The vacuum carburizing method according to claim 1, wherein the flow rate change of the carburizing gas is pulsed . 前記浸炭室へ浸炭ガスの高流量レベルの浸炭期に対する低流量レベルの拡散期の流量レベル比が0〜50%であり、かつ高流量レベルの浸炭期に対する低流量レベルの拡散期の時間比が50〜3,000%であることを特徴とする請求項1又は2又は3に記載の真空浸炭方法。Wherein a high flow level low flow level flow level ratio of the diffusion period of relative carburization phase of 0-50% to the carburizing chamber carburizing gas, and the time ratio of the low flow level of the diffusion period for carburizing stage high flow levels The vacuum carburizing method according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized by being 50 to 3,000%. 浸炭室内の圧力の調整を、真空排気装置と浸炭室の排気口間に設けられたバルブ又は可動オリフィス機構を調整することにより行うことを特徴とする請求項1乃至4のいずれか一に記載の真空浸炭方法。  The pressure in the carburizing chamber is adjusted by adjusting a valve or a movable orifice mechanism provided between the vacuum exhaust device and the exhaust port of the carburizing chamber. Vacuum carburizing method.
JP10485599A 1998-04-14 1999-04-13 Vacuum carburizing method Expired - Lifetime JP3839615B2 (en)

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