JP3823075B2 - Retaining wall and retaining wall block - Google Patents

Retaining wall and retaining wall block Download PDF

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JP3823075B2
JP3823075B2 JP2002236091A JP2002236091A JP3823075B2 JP 3823075 B2 JP3823075 B2 JP 3823075B2 JP 2002236091 A JP2002236091 A JP 2002236091A JP 2002236091 A JP2002236091 A JP 2002236091A JP 3823075 B2 JP3823075 B2 JP 3823075B2
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retaining wall
coarse granular
plate
geogrid
surface plate
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JP2004076343A (en
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元保 糸井
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株式会社パリティジパング
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、道路周辺、公園、運動場、宅地等の切土又は盛土等の法面や、河川、湖沼、用水等の水辺の堤防等の法面等の各種法面における土砂の崩落を防止する擁壁及びそれに使用する擁壁用ブロックに関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
先に本願出願人は、図13に示すように、起立した表面板52と、表面板52より奥へ離間して起立した控板53と、表面板52と控板53とを連結する繋ぎ板54とを含む擁壁用ブロック51を使用した擁壁を提案したところ(実用新案第2510846号、特許第2858079号)、広く実用化されるに至り好評を博している。実際にこの擁壁を施工するには、法面60の直ぐ前方における現場地盤61に掘削した溝62に、砕石、栗石等の粗粒状基礎材64を敷き詰めて基礎とする。その上に最下段の擁壁用ブロック51を据付け、その表面板52と控板53との間の空所56に砕石、栗石等の粗粒状充填材67を充填する。続いて、二段目以降の擁壁用ブロック51を据付け、同様に粗粒状充填材67を充填する。
【0003】
こうして構築した擁壁は、粗粒状基礎材64及び相対的に下段と上段の粗粒状充填材67が互いに噛み合うことで、擁壁用ブロック51の移動を防止し、擁壁の形態や強度を保つ役目を果たしている。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
ところが、不測の事態(大雨、湧水、鉄砲水等)が起きると、基礎を構成する粗粒状基礎材64が動き、基礎が変位したり、場合によっては粗粒状基礎材64が流出したりする可能性がある。このため、その変位や流出が上方に連鎖して、擁壁ブロック51の空所56に充填されている粒状充填材67が上下方向(特に下方向)に移動すると、擁壁が弱体化し、法面60の安定化能力が低下するおそれがあった。
【0005】
そこで、本発明の第一の目的は、基礎の変位及び粗粒状基礎材の流出を防止して、擁壁の弱体化を防ぎ、法面の安定化能力を維持することにある。本発明の第二の目的は、擁壁用ブロックの充填材の移動を抑制して安定化させ、擁壁の弱体化を防ぎ、法面の安定化能力を維持することにある。
【0006】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明に係る擁壁は、起立した表面板と、表面板より奥へ離間して起立した控板と、表面板の左右方向途中部と控板の左右方向途中部とを連結する一対の繋ぎ板とを含む擁壁用ブロックを、表面板と控板との間における一対の繋ぎ板の間の中央空所と各繋ぎ板の外側方の側部凹所と粗粒状充填材(中詰材)を充填しつつ、左右に並べるとともに上下に複数段に積んで構築される擁壁において、以下の(1)(2)又は(3)の手段を採ることを特徴としている。
【0007】
(1)最下段の前記擁壁用ブロックの下に、粗粒状基礎材を該粗粒状基礎材の平均粒径より小さくかつ該粗粒状基礎材の一部が突出可能な大きさの網目単位を持つジオグリッドで巻き囲んでなる基礎を設け、
前記ジオグリッドを通して、前記基礎の粗粒状基礎材と最下段の擁壁用ブロックの中央空所及び側部凹所に充填された粗粒状充填材とが噛み合うようにしたことを特徴とする擁壁。
【0008】
(2)充填材が中央空所及び側部凹所を上下方向に移動するのを抑制して安定化させる安定化部材として、前記粗粒状基礎材の平均粒径より小さくかつ該粗粒状基礎材の一部が突出可能な大きさの網目単位を持つジオグリッドを、前記中央空所及び側部凹所の下端の高さレベルに位置するように、表面板、控板及び繋ぎ板の少なくとも一つに係止して設け、
前記ジオグリッドを通して、前記ジオグリッドより上の粗粒状基礎材と前記ジオグリッドより下の粗粒状充填材とが噛み合うようにしたことを特徴とする擁壁。
【0009】
(3)最下段の擁壁用ブロックの下に、粗粒状基礎材を該粗粒状基礎材の平均粒径より小さくかつ該粗粒状基礎材の一部が突出可能な大きさの網目単位を持つジオグリッドで巻き囲んでなる基礎を設け、
前記ジオグリッドを通して、前記基礎の粗粒状基礎材と最下段の擁壁用ブロックの中央空所及び側部凹所に充填された粗粒状充填材とが噛み合うようにしたとともに、
充填材が中央空所及び側部凹所を上下方向に移動するのを抑制して安定化させる安定化部材として、前記粗粒状基礎材の平均粒径より小さくかつ該粗粒状基礎材の一部が突出可能な大きさの網目単位を持つジオグリッドを、前記中央空所及び側部凹所の下端の高さレベルに位置するように、前記表面板、控板及び繋ぎ板の少なくとも一つに係止して設け、
前記ジオグリッドを通して、前記ジオグリッドより上の粗粒状基礎材と前記ジオグリッドより下の粗粒状充填材とが噛み合うようにしたことを特徴とする擁壁。
【0010】
また、本発明に係る擁壁用ブロックは、
(4)起立した表面板と、表面板より奥へ離間して起立した控板と、表面板の左右方向途中部と控板の左右方向途中部とを連結する一対の繋ぎ板と、前記表面板と控板との間における一対の繋ぎ板の間の中央空所と各繋ぎ板の外側方の側部凹所とを含む擁壁用ブロックにおいて、
中央空所及び側部凹所に充填される粗粒状充填材が上下方向に移動するのを抑制して安定化させる安定化部材として、前記粗粒状基礎材の平均粒径より小さくかつ該粗粒状基礎材の一部が突出可能な大きさの網目単位を持つジオグリッドを、前記中央空所及び側部凹所の下端の高さレベルに位置するように、表面板、控板及び繋ぎ板の少なくとも一つに係止して設け、
前記ジオグリッドを通して、前記ジオグリッドより上の粗粒状基礎材と前記ジオグリッドより下の粗粒状充填材とが噛み合うようにしたことを特徴としている。
【0011】
上記手段(1)又は(3)において、「粗粒状基礎材」は、特に限定されないが、砕石、栗石、コンクリートガラ等を例示できる。コンクリートガラとしては、他の場所で発生した廃棄コンクリートや、現場の古いコンクリート擁壁等を破砕したものを使用でき、廃棄物の再利用及び環境保護に役立つ。
【0012】
「ジオグリッド」の網目は、特に限定されないが、粗粒状基礎材の平均粒径より小さくかつ粗粒状基礎材の一部(ここでは粗粒状基礎材一個単位の一部を意味している。)が突出可能な大きさの網目単位を持つものが好ましい。ジオグリッドの材質は、特に限定されないが、高密度ポリエチレン樹脂、ポリプロピレン樹脂等を例示できる。ジオグリッドの巻き端どうしは、結合してもしなくてもよいが、結合することが好ましい。ジオグリッドは、基礎の長さに応じた枚数を使用する。
【0013】
上記手段(1)〜(4)において、「充填材」は、特に限定されないが、単位体積重量が大きくかつ水の影響をうけにくいものが好ましく、砕石、栗石、コンクリートガラ、粗粒状鉱滓等の粗粒状充填材や、土、クラッシャーラン、粉状鉱滓等の粉状充填材を例示できる。粗粒状充填材を使用する場合、前記基礎の粗粒状基礎材と同じにしてもよいし異ならせてもよい。
【0014】
充填材が粗粒状充填材である場合、前記複数段のうちの一段以上かつ半数段以下の擁壁用ブロックに安定化部材を設ければ足りる。経済性を問わなければ、半数以上かつ全段の擁壁用ブロックに安定化部材を設けてもよい。
【0015】
充填材が粉状充填材である場合、前記複数段のうちの半数段以上かつ全段以下の擁壁用ブロックに前記安定化部材を設けることが好ましい。但し、一段以上かつ半数段以下の擁壁用ブロックに安定化部材を設けても実施可能である。
【0016】
表面板と控板との間の空所における安定化部材の位置は、特に限定されないが、下段の擁壁用ブロックの空所に充填された充填材と上段の擁壁用ブロックの空所に充填された充填材とを噛み合わせて両擁壁用ブロックの相対移動を防止するためには、空所の下端を除く高さレベルに位置することが好ましく、空所の下端及び上端を除く高さレベルに位置することがさらに好ましく、空所の略中央高さレベルに位置することが最も好ましい。ここで、「空所の下端(及び上端)を除く高さレベル」は、安定化部材より下方(及び上方)の空所に粗粒状充填材が存在しうるよう、空所の下端30mm(及び上端30mm)を除く高さレベルであることが好ましい。
【0017】
安定化部材としては、特に限定されないが、板状、穴あき板状又は網状の部材を例示できる。また、例えば繋ぎ板が左右に相互間隔をおいて平行に一対設けられている場合、表面板と控板と一対の繋ぎ板とで囲まれる平面四角形の空所をその前記途中高さで-略塞ぐ又は大部分塞ぐことができる平面四角形の板状、穴あき板状又は網状の部材を例示できる。安定化部材の材質としては、特に限定されないが、コンクリート、金属(鋼、アルミニウム合金等)、合成樹脂(高密度ポリエチレン樹脂、ポリプロピレン樹脂等)、セラミック、木材等を例示できる。安定化部材の厚さは特に限定されず、好ましい厚さは材質によって異なるが、例えばコンクリートの場合は50〜120mmが好ましい。
【0018】
また、安定化部材の位置に関する前記記載に拘わらず、安定化部材が前記網状の部材である場合には、空所の下端の高さレベルに位置するように設けることも好ましい。すなわち、安定化部材が、表面板、控板及び繋ぎ板の少なくとも一つの下端面に係止又は一体形成して設けられた網状の部材である態様である。この場合、網状の部材の網目は、特に限定されないが、粗粒状基礎材の平均粒径より小さくかつ粗粒状基礎材の一部(ここでは粗粒状基礎材一個単位の一部を意味している。)が突出可能な大きさの網目単位を持つものが好ましく、具体的製品としては前記ジオグリッドが好ましい。
【0019】
なお、安定化部材は、左右に隣り合う二つの擁壁用ブロックの間にかからないように設けてもかかるように設けてもよく、かからない安定化部材とかかる安定化部材とを併設してもよい。
【0020】
安定化部材を表面板、控板又は繋ぎ板の少なくとも一つに「係止」する場合、その係止手段としては、特に限定されないが、留め具による掛止又締着や、表面板、控板又は繋ぎ板に設けた凸部又は凹部との係合又は嵌合や、控板又は繋ぎ板の上端に対する安定化部材の延長部分の掛止等を例示できる。留め具としては、特に限定されないが、L字形アングル、ボルト等を例示できる。
【0021】
安定化部材を表面板、控板又は繋ぎ板の少なくとも一つに「一体形成」する場合、その一体形成手段としては、特に限定されないが、コンクリートによる一体的なプレキャストを例示できる。
【0022】
【発明の実施の形態】
[第一実施形態]
図1〜図4に示す本発明の第一実施形態は、擁壁用ブロック1を、その表面板2と控板3との間の空所6に粗粒状充填材17を充填しつつ、左右に並べるとともに上下に複数段に積んで構築される擁壁において、最下段の擁壁用ブロック1の下に粗粒状基礎材14をジオグリッド15で巻き囲んでなる基礎13を設けた例である。本例において以下に挙げる各部の寸法は例示であり、適宜変更できる。
【0023】
本実施形態で使用する擁壁用ブロック1は、図3(a)に示すように、起立した表面板2と、表面板2より奥へ離間して起立した控板3と、表面板2の左右方向途中部と控板3の左右方向途中部とを連結する一対の繋ぎ板4、4とが、コンクリートで一体的にプレキャストされてなる。
【0024】
表面板2は、幅約2000mm、高さ約1000mm、厚さ約120mmの長方形板であり、その表面には例えば石垣模様、溝模様等の模様が設けられ、左右の側端面の上部及び下部には、水抜きスリット形成用の浅い凹部5が形成されている。控板3は、幅約1860mm、高さ約500mm、厚さ約120mmの長方形板である。一対の繋ぎ板4,4は、それぞれ前後長さ約1000mm、高さ約500mm(但し、表面板2に結合する前部分のみは高さ約900mmに増加した補強部4a,4aとなっている)、厚さ約100mmの板である。擁壁用ブロック1の重さは約1300kgである。
【0025】
控板3及び繋ぎ板4,4の各下端面は、表面板2の下端面と同じレベルに合わせられているので、控板3及び繋ぎ板4,4(補強部4a,4aを除く)の各上端面は表面板2の上端面に対して略1/2の高さレベルにある。また、両繋ぎ板4,4は左右に約1000mmの相互間隔をおいて平行に対峙しており、その中央位置と表面板2の左右方向中央位置と控板3の左右方向中央位置とは前後に合わせられている。従って、各繋ぎ板4,4の外側面に対し、表面板2は近い方の側端面までが約400mm突出しており(突出部2a)、控板3は近い方の側端面までが約330mm突出している(突出部3a)。
【0026】
本実施形態の場合、表面板2と控板3との間の空所6は、表面板2と控板3と一対の繋ぎ板4、4とで囲まれた平面四角形(本例では略正方形)の中央空所7と、各繋ぎ板4,4の外側方において前記表面板2の突出部2aと前記控板3の突出部3aと各繋ぎ板4,4とで囲まれた平面コ字形の側部凹所8とからなる。このような中央空所7を備えた擁壁用ブロック1は箱型(あるいは容器型又はビン型)擁壁用ブロックと言われている。
【0027】
本実施形態の擁壁においては、法面10の直ぐ前方における現場地盤11に開口前後幅1500〜2000mm、底前後幅1000〜1500mm、深さ200〜500mmの溝12が掘削され、該溝12の中に、粗粒状基礎材14をジオグリッド15で巻き囲んでなる基礎13が設けられている。粗粒状基礎材14には、例えば単粒度砕石(S−40以上)が用いられている。ジオグリッド15には、図4(b)に示すように、例えば高密度ポリエチレン樹脂よりなり、粗粒状基礎材14の平均粒径より小さくかつ粗粒状基礎材14の一部が突出可能な大きさの網目単位を持つものが用いられている。基礎13の施工は、図4(a)に示すように、溝12を掘削して締固め、該溝12にジオグリッド15をその両端が溝12の前後に余るようにして敷き、該ジオグリッド15上に粗粒状基礎材14を載せた後、余らせておいたジオグリッド15の両端を粗粒状基礎材14の上に巻いて巻き端とし、巻き端どうしを締結部材、熱溶着等により結合することで行われる。
【0028】
この基礎13の上には、最下段(一段目)を構成する複数の擁壁用ブロック1が左右に並べて据付けられている。隣り合う擁壁用ブロック1の浅い凹部5の同士間にはスリットが形成され、擁壁の内部に過剰に貯まる水を正面側へ抜くことができる。正面側への凸が特に急となるアール部やコーナー部においては、図3(b)に示すように、隣り合う擁壁用ブロック1の一方が上下反転されて据付けられ、もって隣り合う控板3同士が左右に当たらず(よってアール部やコーナー部の形成が阻害されず)、その代わりに、隣り合う控板3同士及び繋ぎ板4同士が、前記のとおり表面板2の上端面に対して略1/2の高さレベルにあることにより、上下に重なって当たっている。
【0029】
表面板2と控板3との間の空所6(前記のとおり中央空所7及び側部凹所8)並びに控板3と法面10と間の空間16には、粗粒状充填材17が充填されて締め固められている。さらに、粗粒状充填材17は、空所6及び空間16の上端を越え、表面板2の上端面と同一レベルまで充填されて締め固められている。
【0030】
この最下段の粗粒状充填材17の上には、二段目を構成する複数の擁壁用ブロック1が最下段と同様にして据付けられるとともに、粗粒状充填材17が充填されている。また、三段目以降があるときは、同様に擁壁用ブロック1の据付け及び粗粒状充填材17の充填が繰り返される。そして、このタイプの擁壁はほとんどの場合に傾斜壁(寺勾配も含む)であるから、相対的に下段の擁壁用ブロック1の表面板2に対して相対的に上段の擁壁用ブロック1の表面板2は後方に位置するように据付けられる。勿論、垂直壁の場合は、上下の表面板2が面一に合わせられる。
【0031】
以上のように構成された本実施形態の擁壁によれば、次の作用効果(1)(2)が得られる。
(1)基礎13の変位及び流出を防止
図4(b)に示すように、ジオグリッド15は粗粒状基礎材14の平均粒径より小さい網目単位を持つので、巻き囲んでいる粗粒状基礎材14が網目からこぼれ出にくい。そして、不測の事態(湧水、大雨、鉄砲水等)が起きても、ジオグリッド15が巻き囲んでいる粗粒状基礎材14の動きを拘束しているので、基礎13の変位や粗粒状基礎材14の流出を防止することができる。このため、その変位や流出が上方に連鎖して、擁壁用ブロック1の空所6に充填されている粗粒状充填材17が上下方向(特に下方向)に移動し、擁壁が弱体化するといった不具合を防ぐことができ、もって法面の安定化能力を維持することができる。また、このように基礎13の変位が防止されるので、現場地盤11に軟弱な部分があっても施工可能であり、法面10を安定化させることができる。
【0032】
(2)ジオグリッド15を通して粗粒状基礎材14と粗粒状充填材17との噛み合いが可能
図4(b)に示すように、ジオグリッド15は粗粒状基礎材14の一部が突出可能な大きさの網目単位を持つので、該粗粒状基礎材14の一部がジオグリッド15を突出して、最下段の擁壁用ブロック1の空所6に充填された粗粒状充填材17と噛み合い、あるいは該粗粒状充填材17がジオグリッド15を突出して、粗粒状基礎材14と噛み合うことができる。このため、ジオグリッド15が無い場合と同様に、平時における基礎13と最下段の擁壁用ブロック1との滑りを防止することができる。
【0033】
[第二実施形態]
図5〜図7に示す本発明の第二実施形態は、粗粒状充填材17(後述するように粉状充填材でもよい)が表面板2と控板3との間の空所6を上下方向に移動するのを抑制して安定化させる安定化部材21,22を表面板2、控板3又は繋ぎ板4,4の少なくとも一つに係止又は一体形成して設けた点においてのみ、第一実施形態と異なるものである。本例において挙げる各部の寸法も例示であり、適宜変更できる。
【0034】
本実施形態では、最下段に第一実施形態の擁壁用ブロック1に安定化部材21,22を加えてなる擁壁用ブロック100を使用し、二段目以降に第一実施形態と同様の擁壁用ブロック1を使用している。但し、擁壁用ブロック100は、最下段に限らず、擁壁全体から見て中央段より下方の段のみ(例えば最下段と第二段のみ、あるいは第二段のみ)に使用するようにしてもよい。
【0035】
擁壁用ブロック100において、安定化部材21は、平面四角形の中央空所7をその下端及び上端を除く高さレベルに位置して略塞ぐことができる左右幅約1000mm、前後長約1000mm、厚さ約80mmの四角板である。また、安定化部材22は、左右に隣り合う二つの擁壁用ブロック100,100の間にかかって、平面コ字形の側部凹所8をその下端及び上端を除く高さレベルに位置して略塞ぐことができる左右幅約800mm、前後長約1000mm、厚さ約80mmの四角板である。安定化部材21,22には適宜の寸法及び数の透水孔27が形成され、安定化部材21,22上に雨水、湧水等が溜まらないようになっている。
【0036】
安定化部材21,22はそれぞれ、表面板2、控板3及び繋ぎ板4,4に基端が埋設されたアンカー24により各板2,3,4に強固に取り付けられた鋼製のL字形アングル材23に対し、周縁部が載置されるとともにボルト(図示略)により上下移動不能に取着される。この載置及び取着は、後述するように現場で行うことが好ましい。
【0037】
安定化部材21,22の位置は、前記のとおり空所6の下端及び上端を除く高さレベルであり、図7の(a)に示すように上端寄りでも、(b)に示すように略中央高さレベルでも、(c)に示すように下端寄りでもよいが、空所の下端50mm(及び上端50mm)を除くことが好ましい。なお、(d)に示すように空所6の下端及び上端に位置させることもできなくはないが、後述するように擁壁用ブロック1がずれやすくなる。
【0038】
本実施形態の擁壁においては、最下段(一段目)に複数の擁壁用ブロック100が左右に並べて据付けられ、正面側への凸が特に急となるアール部やコーナー部においては、第一実施形態と同様に上下反転されて据付けられる。そして、空所6(前記のとおり中央空所7及び側部凹所8)並びに控板3と法面10と間の空間16には、粗粒状充填材17が充填されて締め固められ、さらに、粗粒状充填材17は、空所6及び空間16の上端を越え、表面板2の上端面と同一レベルまで充填されて締め固められる。
【0039】
この充填は、
▲1▼ まず安定化部材21,22が取着されていない状態の擁壁用ブロック100を据付けて、中央空所7及び側部凹所8のうち安定化部材21,22の下面レベル相当までに粗粒状充填材17を充填して締め固めた後、
▲2▼ L字形アングル材23に対し、安定化部材21,22の周縁部を載置するとともにボルト(図示略)により取着し(下方向への移動を止めるだけならば載置だけでもよい)、
▲3▼ 続いて、安定化部材21,22より上方に粗粒状充填材17を充填して締め固めて、行うことができる。
【0040】
本実施形態の擁壁のその他の構造は第一実施形態と同様なので、第一実施形態における説明を援用する。
【0041】
以上のように構成された本実施形態の擁壁によれば、第一実施形態の作用効果(1)(2)に加えて、次の作用効果(3)(4)が得られる。
【0042】
(3)粗粒状充填材17の移動・流出の防止
上記作用効果(1)のとおり、ジオグリッド15が粗粒状基礎材14の動きを拘束して、基礎13の変位や粗粒状基礎材14の流出を防止しているが、ジオグリッド15をもってしても基礎13が変位するような不測の事態(湧水、大雨、鉄砲水等)が起きるおそれがないとはいえない。そのようなときでも、安定化部材21,22が空所6(7,8)内の粗粒状充填材17の上下方向の移動を抑制して安定化させるので、基礎13の変位が最下段及びそれより上段の粗粒状充填材17の移動に連鎖せず、擁壁の弱体化を防止でき、もって法面10の安定化能力を維持することができる。
【0043】
(4)擁壁用ブロック1のずれを防止
安定化部材21,22が空所6(7,8)の下端及び上端を除く高さレベルに位置しているので、該空所6(7,8)の下端及び上端に粗粒状充填材17が入り込むことができる。このため、相対的に下段の擁壁用ブロック1又は100の空所6に充填された粗粒状充填材17と相対的に上段の擁壁用ブロック1の空所6に充填された粗粒状充填材17とを噛み合わせて両擁壁用ブロックの相対移動(ずれ)を防止することができる。
なお、図7(d)に示すように、安定化部材21,22が空所6の下端及び上端に位置していると、この安定化部材21,22と上段又は下段の粗粒状充填材17との間が滑りやすいため、擁壁用ブロック1がずれやすい。
【0044】
なお、本実施形態において、最下段(一段目)のみならず、複数の段(例えば一段おき)に安定化部材21,22を設けた擁壁用ブロック100を使用して据え付けることもできる。擁壁用ブロック100の使用段を増やすこと(半数段以上が好ましい)、例えば図8に示すように全段に擁壁用ブロック100を使用することにより、粗粒状充填材17に代えて、土などの粉状充填材18を用いることも可能となる。
【0045】
[第三実施形態]
図9〜図11に示す本発明の第三実施形態は、粉状充填材18(後述するように粗粒状充填材でもよい)が表面板2と控板3との間の空所6を上下方向に移動するのを抑制して安定化させる安定化部材31を表面板2、控板3又は繋ぎ板4,4の少なくとも一つの下端面に係止又は一体形成して設けた点においてのみ、第一実施形態と異なるものである。本例において挙げる各部の寸法も例示であり、適宜変更できる。
【0046】
本実施形態では、最下段に第一実施形態と同様の擁壁用ブロック1を使用し、二段目以降に第一実施形態の擁壁用ブロック1に安定化部材31を加えてなる擁壁用ブロック101を使用している。但し、擁壁用ブロック101は、最下段にも使用してもよい。
【0047】
擁壁用ブロック101において、安定化部材31には、第一実施形態のジオグリッド15と同様の、例えば高密度ポリエチレン樹脂よりなり、粗粒状基礎材14の平均粒径より小さくかつ粗粒状基礎材14の一部が突出可能な大きさの網目単位を持つジオグリッドが用いられている。この安定化部材31は、中央空所7と両側の側部凹所8とをその下端の高さレベルに位置して網状に塞ぐ(覆う)ことができる左右幅約1200mm、前後長約1240mmの四角形に切り出されたジオグリッドである。安定化部材31は、その左右端のうちの一方端が表面板2の端よりも約200mmはみ出すようにして(はみ出し部31a)、表面板2、控板3及び繋ぎ板4,4の下端面にあてがわれ、各板2、3、4に基端が埋設されたアンカー32の先端をジオグリッドの網目に通して曲げることにより、係止されている。
【0048】
本実施形態の擁壁は、ブロックとして安定化部材31を設けた擁壁用ブロック101を用いることと、充填材として土等の粉状充填材18を用いることを除いて、構造は第一実施形態と同様なので、その余は第一実施形態における説明を援用する。なお、擁壁用ブロック101を左右に並べて据付ける際に、前記のとおり安定化部材31のはみ出し部31aの上に隣りの擁壁用ブロック101の安定化部材31が重なり、その重なった網目に粉状充填材18が入り込むので、隣り合う擁壁用ブロック101同士を連結する効果がある。
【0049】
以上のように構成された本実施形態の擁壁によれば、第一実施形態の作用効果(1)(2)に加えて、次の作用効果(5)が得られる。
【0050】
(5)粉状充填材18の移動・流出の抑制
上記作用効果(3)で記載したと同様に、不測の事態(湧水、大雨、鉄砲水等)が起きたときでも、安定化部材31が空所6(7,8)内の粉状充填材18を拘束し上下方向の移動を抑制して安定化させるので、基礎13の変位が最下段及びそれより上段の粉状充填材18の移動に連鎖せず、擁壁の弱体化を防止でき、もって法面10の安定化能力を維持することができる。
【0051】
なお、本実施形態において、粉状充填材18に代えて粗粒状充填材17を用いることもできる。この場合も、上下段の粗粒状充填材17の一部が網状の安定化部材31を突出して互いに噛み合うことができる。このため、安定化部材31が無い場合と同様に、各段の擁壁用ブロックの滑りを防止することができる。
【0052】
なお、本発明は上記各実施形態に限定されるものではなく、本発明の趣旨を逸脱しない範囲で適宜に変更して具体化することもできる。
(1)第一実施形態や第二実施形態において、各段の擁壁用ブロックの下にジオグリッドを敷設することにより、充填材を更に拘束して擁壁の安定性を強化することができる。
【0053】
(2)図12(a)に示すように、安定化部材21(22も同様)を金属板で形成するとともに、その集襟からの延長部分21aを繋ぎ板4又は控板3の上端に掛止させて取着すること。また、図12(b)に示すように、安定化部材21(22も同様)を穴21bあき板状とし、表面板2、控板3及び繋ぎ板4,4と一体的にプレキャストすること。このように、最小限面積の穴21bを設けることで、前記充填時に穴21bから下方へ粗粒状充填材17を充填することができる。
【0054】
(3)第二実施形態や第三実施形態において、基礎13としてジオグリッド15を用いない粗粒状基礎材14のみの態様とすることもできる。その場合の第三実施形態では、最下段にも安定化部材31を設けた擁壁用ブロック101を用いる。
【0055】
【発明の効果】
以上詳述した通り、本発明に係る擁壁及び擁壁用ブロックによれば、不測の事態(大雨、湧水、鉄砲水等)が起きたときでも、擁壁の弱体化を防ぎ、法面の安定化能力を維持することができるという優れた効果を奏する。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の第一実施形態に係る擁壁の斜視図である。
【図2】同擁壁の断面図である。
【図3】同擁壁に使用する擁壁用ブロックの斜視図である。
【図4】同擁壁の基礎を示し、(a)は施工方法を示す概略断面図、(b)は基礎の上面の部分拡大斜視図である。
【図5】本発明の第二実施形態に係る擁壁の断面図である。
【図6】同擁壁に使用する擁壁用ブロックの斜視図である。
【図7】同擁壁用ブロックにおける安定化部材の位置のバリエーションを示す断面図である。
【図8】同擁壁の変更例を示す斜視図である。
【図9】本発明の第三実施形態に係る擁壁の断面図である。
【図10】同擁壁に使用する擁壁用ブロックの斜視図である。
【図11】(a)は同擁壁用ブロックの断面図、(b)は左右に並設した擁壁用ブロックの正面図である。
【図12】同擁壁用ブロックの変更例を示す斜視図である。
【図13】従来例に係る擁壁の断面図である。
【符号の説明】
1 擁壁用ブロック
2 表面板
3 控板
4 繋ぎ板
6 空所
7 中央空所
8 側部凹所
13 基礎
14 粗粒状基礎材
15 ジオグリッド
17 粗粒状充填材
21 安定化部材
22 安定化部材
31 安定化部材
100 擁壁用ブロック
101 擁壁用ブロック
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention prevents collapse of earth and sand on various slopes such as slopes such as cuts or embankments of roads, parks, playgrounds, residential land, etc., and slopes of riversides, lakes, watersides, etc. The present invention relates to a retaining wall and a retaining wall block used therein.
[0002]
[Prior art]
First, as shown in FIG. 13, the applicant of the present application, as shown in FIG. 13, stands the surface plate 52, the holding plate 53 standing up from the surface plate 52, and the connecting plate connecting the surface plate 52 and the holding plate 53. When a retaining wall using the retaining wall block 51 including 54 is proposed (utility model No. 2510846, Japanese Patent No. 2858079), it has been widely used and has been well received. In order to actually construct this retaining wall, a rough granular base material 64 such as crushed stone or chestnut is spread on the groove 62 excavated in the ground 61 immediately in front of the slope 60 and used as a foundation. The bottom retaining wall block 51 is installed thereon, and a space 56 between the surface plate 52 and the holding plate 53 is filled with a coarse granular filler 67 such as crushed stone or chestnut. Subsequently, the retaining wall block 51 in the second and subsequent stages is installed, and the coarse granular filler 67 is similarly filled.
[0003]
The retaining wall constructed in this manner prevents the retaining wall block 51 from moving and maintains the shape and strength of the retaining wall by the coarse granular foundation 64 and the relatively lower and upper coarse granular fillers 67 meshing with each other. Playing a role.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, if an unforeseen situation (heavy rain, spring water, flash flood, etc.) occurs, the coarse granular base material 64 that constitutes the foundation moves and the foundation is displaced, and in some cases, the coarse granular basic material 64 may flow out. There is sex. For this reason, when the displacement and outflow are chained upward and the granular filler 67 filled in the space 56 of the retaining wall block 51 moves in the vertical direction (particularly in the downward direction), the retaining wall weakens, There was a possibility that the stabilizing ability of the surface 60 might be lowered.
[0005]
Accordingly, a first object of the present invention is to prevent the displacement of the foundation and the outflow of the coarse granular foundation material, to prevent the retaining wall from weakening, and to maintain the slope stabilization ability. The second object of the present invention is to suppress and stabilize the movement of the filler in the retaining wall block, prevent weakening of the retaining wall, and maintain the slope stabilizing ability.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
  The retaining wall according to the present invention connects an upstanding surface plate, a holding plate that stands up away from the surface plate, a middle portion in the left-right direction of the surface plate, and a middle portion in the left-right direction of the holding plate.A pair ofRetaining wall block including connecting plate between surface plate and holding plateA central space between a pair of connecting plates and lateral recesses on the outside of each connecting plateInCoarse grainIn the retaining wall constructed by filling the filling material (filling material) and arranging them in the left and right and stacking up and down in a plurality of stages, the following means (1), (2) or (3) is adopted. Yes.
[0007]
(1) Coarse granular foundation material under the retaining wall block at the bottomIt has a mesh unit that is smaller than the average particle size of the coarse granular base material and that a part of the coarse granular basic material can protrude.Establish a foundation that is surrounded by a geogrid,
  Retaining wall characterized in that, through the geogrid, the coarse granular base material of the foundation and the coarse granular filler filled in the central space and the side recess of the lowermost retaining wall block mesh with each other. .
[0008]
(2) Filler isCentral cavity and side recessStabilizing member that stabilizes by suppressing the vertical movementAs a geogrid having a mesh unit smaller than the average particle size of the coarse granular base material and having a size capable of projecting a part of the coarse granular basic material, the height of the lower end of the central cavity and the side recess is increased. To be at the levelIt is related to at least one of the surface plate, the holding plate and the connecting plateStopProvided,
  A retaining wall characterized in that the coarse granular base material above the geogrid and the coarse granular filler material below the geogrid mesh with each other through the geogrid.
[0009]
(3) Coarse granular foundation material under the bottom retaining wall blockIt has a mesh unit that is smaller than the average particle size of the coarse granular base material and that a part of the coarse granular basic material can protrude.Establish a foundation that is surrounded by a geogrid,
  Through the geogrid, the coarse granular base material of the foundation and the coarse granular filler filled in the central space and the side recess of the lowermost retaining wall block were engaged with each other.With
  Filler isCentral cavity and side recessStabilizing member that stabilizes by suppressing the vertical movementAs a geogrid having a mesh unit smaller than the average particle size of the coarse granular base material and having a size capable of projecting a part of the coarse granular basic material, the height of the lower end of the central cavity and the side recess is increased. To be at the levelIt is related to at least one of the surface plate, the holding plate and the connecting plate.StopProvided,
  A retaining wall characterized in that the coarse granular base material above the geogrid and the coarse granular filler material below the geogrid mesh with each other through the geogrid.
[0010]
  The retaining wall block according to the present invention is:
(4) Connect the standing surface plate, the holding plate that stands up away from the surface plate, and the middle portion of the surface plate in the left-right direction and the middle portion of the holding plate in the left-right direction.A pair ofWith a connecting plateA central space between the pair of connecting plates between the surface plate and the holding plate and a side recess on the outer side of each connecting plate;Retaining wall block including
  Central cavity and side recessFilled inCoarse grainStabilizing member that suppresses and stabilizes the movement of the filler in the vertical directionAs a geogrid having a mesh unit smaller than the average particle size of the coarse granular base material and having a size capable of projecting a part of the coarse granular basic material, the height of the lower end of the central cavity and the side recess is increased. To be at the levelIt is related to at least one of the surface plate, the holding plate and the connecting plateStopProvided,
  Through the geogrid, the coarse granular base material above the geogrid and the coarse granular filler material below the geogrid mesh with each other.It is characterized by that.
[0011]
In the above means (1) or (3), the “coarse granular base material” is not particularly limited, but examples thereof include crushed stone, chestnut stone, and concrete glass. As the concrete glass, waste concrete generated in other places or old concrete retaining walls on site can be used, which is useful for waste reuse and environmental protection.
[0012]
The mesh of “Geogrid” is not particularly limited, but is smaller than the average particle diameter of the coarse granular base material and a part of the coarse granular base material (here, means a part of one coarse granular basic material unit). It is preferable to have a mesh unit of a size that can project. Although the material of a geogrid is not specifically limited, A high density polyethylene resin, a polypropylene resin, etc. can be illustrated. The winding ends of the geogrid may or may not be joined, but are preferably joined. Geogrid uses a number corresponding to the length of the foundation.
[0013]
In the above means (1) to (4), the “filler” is not particularly limited, but is preferably one having a large unit volume weight and not easily affected by water, such as crushed stone, chestnut stone, concrete glass, coarse granular iron, etc. Examples thereof include coarse granular fillers, and powder fillers such as soil, crusher run, and powdered ore. When a coarse granular filler is used, it may be the same as or different from the basic coarse granular base material.
[0014]
When the filler is a coarse granular filler, it is sufficient to provide a stabilizing member in the retaining wall block of one or more stages and half or less of the plurality of stages. If economical efficiency is not ask | required, you may provide a stabilization member in the block for retaining walls of half or more and all the stages.
[0015]
When the filler is a powdery filler, it is preferable to provide the stabilizing member in the retaining wall block that is at least half of the plurality of stages and not more than all stages. However, the present invention can also be implemented by providing a stabilizing member in the retaining wall block having one or more steps and half or less steps.
[0016]
The position of the stabilizing member in the space between the face plate and the holding plate is not particularly limited, but the filler filled in the space in the lower retaining wall block and the space in the upper retaining wall block In order to prevent the relative movement of both retaining wall blocks by meshing with the filled material, it is preferable to be located at a height level excluding the lower end of the void, and the height excluding the lower end and the upper end of the void. More preferably, it is located at a height level, and most preferably at a substantially central height level of the void. Here, the “height level excluding the lower end (and upper end) of the void” means that the lower end of the void 30 mm (and so that coarse granular filler may exist in the void below (and above) the stabilizing member. It is preferable that the height level is excluding the upper end 30 mm).
[0017]
Although it does not specifically limit as a stabilization member, A plate-shaped, perforated plate shape, or a net-like member can be illustrated. In addition, for example, when a pair of connecting plates are provided in parallel on the left and right sides, a plane rectangular space surrounded by the surface plate, the holding plate, and the pair of connecting plates is approximately the height in the middle. Examples of the planar square plate, perforated plate, or net member that can be closed or mostly closed can be given. Although it does not specifically limit as a material of a stabilization member, Concrete, metal (steel, aluminum alloy, etc.), synthetic resin (high density polyethylene resin, polypropylene resin, etc.), ceramic, wood, etc. can be illustrated. The thickness of the stabilizing member is not particularly limited, and the preferred thickness varies depending on the material. For example, in the case of concrete, 50 to 120 mm is preferable.
[0018]
Regardless of the above description regarding the position of the stabilizing member, when the stabilizing member is the net-like member, it is also preferable to provide the stabilizing member so as to be positioned at the height level of the lower end of the void. In other words, the stabilizing member is a net-like member that is locked or integrally formed on at least one lower end surface of the surface plate, the holding plate, and the connecting plate. In this case, the mesh of the net-like member is not particularly limited, but is smaller than the average particle size of the coarse granular base material and a part of the coarse granular base material (here, means a part of one coarse granular basic material unit). .) Has a mesh unit of a size that can be projected, and the geogrid is preferable as a specific product.
[0019]
The stabilizing member may or may not be provided between two retaining wall blocks adjacent to the left and right, or a stabilizing member that does not apply and such a stabilizing member may be provided side by side. .
[0020]
When the stabilizing member is “locked” to at least one of the face plate, the holding plate, or the connecting plate, the locking means is not particularly limited, but it can be latched or fastened by a fastener, the face plate, the holding plate. Examples include engagement or fitting with convex portions or concave portions provided on the plate or the connecting plate, and latching of the extension portion of the stabilizing member with respect to the upper end of the retaining plate or the connecting plate. Although it does not specifically limit as a fastener, An L-shaped angle, a volt | bolt, etc. can be illustrated.
[0021]
In the case where the stabilizing member is “integrally formed” with at least one of the surface plate, the holding plate, and the connecting plate, the integral forming means is not particularly limited, and an integral precast with concrete can be exemplified.
[0022]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[First embodiment]
In the first embodiment of the present invention shown in FIGS. 1 to 4, while the retaining wall block 1 is filled with the coarse granular filler 17 in the space 6 between the surface plate 2 and the holding plate 3, In the retaining wall constructed by stacking up and down and stacked in multiple stages, a foundation 13 is provided in which a coarse granular base material 14 is surrounded by a geogrid 15 below the lowermost retaining wall block 1. . In the present example, the dimensions of the following parts are examples and can be changed as appropriate.
[0023]
As shown in FIG. 3A, the retaining wall block 1 used in the present embodiment includes an upstanding surface plate 2, a holding plate 3 standing up away from the surface plate 2, and a surface plate 2. A pair of connecting plates 4, 4 that connect the middle portion in the left-right direction and the middle portion in the left-right direction of the retaining plate 3 are integrally precast with concrete.
[0024]
The surface plate 2 is a rectangular plate having a width of about 2000 mm, a height of about 1000 mm, and a thickness of about 120 mm. The surface plate is provided with a pattern such as a stone wall pattern or a groove pattern on the upper and lower sides of the left and right side end surfaces. Has a shallow recess 5 for forming a drain slit. The holding plate 3 is a rectangular plate having a width of about 1860 mm, a height of about 500 mm, and a thickness of about 120 mm. Each of the pair of connecting plates 4 and 4 has a front and rear length of about 1000 mm and a height of about 500 mm (however, only the front portion coupled to the surface plate 2 is a reinforcing portion 4a and 4a having an increased height of about 900 mm). A plate having a thickness of about 100 mm. The weight of the retaining wall block 1 is about 1300 kg.
[0025]
Since the lower end surfaces of the holding plate 3 and the connecting plates 4 and 4 are adjusted to the same level as the lower end surface of the surface plate 2, the holding plate 3 and the connecting plates 4 and 4 (except for the reinforcing portions 4a and 4a) Each upper end surface is at a height level of about ½ with respect to the upper end surface of the surface plate 2. The connecting plates 4 and 4 face each other in parallel at an interval of about 1000 mm on the left and right, and the center position, the center position in the left and right direction of the surface plate 2, and the center position in the left and right direction of the holding plate 3 are It is adapted to. Therefore, with respect to the outer surface of each connecting plate 4, 4, the surface plate 2 protrudes by about 400 mm to the closer side end surface (protruding portion 2 a), and the holding plate 3 protrudes by about 330 mm to the closer side end surface. (Protruding part 3a).
[0026]
In the case of this embodiment, the space 6 between the surface plate 2 and the retaining plate 3 is a plane quadrangle (in this example, approximately square) surrounded by the surface plate 2, the retaining plate 3, and the pair of connecting plates 4 and 4. ) In the central space 7 and outside the connecting plates 4 and 4, surrounded by the protruding portion 2 a of the surface plate 2, the protruding portion 3 a of the holding plate 3, and the connecting plates 4 and 4. Side recess 8. The retaining wall block 1 having such a central space 7 is said to be a box-type (or container-type or bottle-type) retaining wall block.
[0027]
In the retaining wall of the present embodiment, a groove 12 having an opening front and rear width of 1500 to 2000 mm, a bottom front and rear width of 1000 to 1500 mm, and a depth of 200 to 500 mm is excavated in the field ground 11 immediately in front of the slope 10. Inside, a foundation 13 is provided in which a coarse granular foundation 14 is surrounded by a geogrid 15. For example, single grain crushed stone (S-40 or more) is used for the coarse granular base material 14. As shown in FIG. 4B, the geogrid 15 is made of, for example, a high-density polyethylene resin and is smaller than the average particle diameter of the coarse granular base material 14 and a size that allows a part of the coarse granular basic material 14 to protrude. Those having a mesh unit of are used. As shown in FIG. 4 (a), the foundation 13 is constructed by excavating and compacting the groove 12, and laying the geogrid 15 in the groove 12 so that both ends of the geogrid 12 remain before and after the groove 12. After placing the coarse granular base material 14 on 15, both ends of the remaining geogrid 15 are wound on the coarse granular basic material 14 to form winding ends, and the winding ends are joined by a fastening member, heat welding, or the like. It is done by doing.
[0028]
On this foundation 13, a plurality of retaining wall blocks 1 constituting the lowermost stage (first stage) are installed side by side. A slit is formed between the shallow concave portions 5 of the adjacent retaining wall blocks 1 so that excessive water stored in the retaining wall can be drawn to the front side. As shown in FIG. 3 (b), one of the adjacent retaining wall blocks 1 is installed upside down and installed at the rounded corners and corners where the convexity toward the front side is particularly steep. 3 do not hit the right and left (and thus the formation of the rounded portion and the corner portion is not hindered), and instead, the adjacent holding plates 3 and the connecting plates 4 are in relation to the upper end surface of the surface plate 2 as described above. Because of the height level of about ½, they hit each other vertically.
[0029]
In the space 6 between the surface plate 2 and the holding plate 3 (the central space 7 and the side recess 8 as described above) and the space 16 between the holding plate 3 and the slope 10, a coarse granular filler 17 is provided. Filled and compacted. Further, the coarse granular filler 17 is filled and compacted to the same level as the upper end surface of the surface plate 2 beyond the upper ends of the void 6 and the space 16.
[0030]
A plurality of retaining wall blocks 1 constituting the second stage are installed on the lowermost coarse granular filler 17 in the same manner as the lowermost stage, and the coarse granular filler 17 is filled therewith. Further, when there is a third or subsequent stage, the installation of the retaining wall block 1 and the filling of the coarse granular filler 17 are similarly repeated. In most cases, this type of retaining wall is an inclined wall (including a temple slope), so that the upper retaining wall block is relatively higher than the surface plate 2 of the lower retaining wall block 1. The surface plate 2 of 1 is installed so that it may be located back. Of course, in the case of a vertical wall, the upper and lower surface plates 2 are flush with each other.
[0031]
According to the retaining wall of the present embodiment configured as described above, the following operational effects (1) and (2) are obtained.
(1) Prevent displacement and outflow of foundation 13
As shown in FIG. 4B, since the geogrid 15 has a mesh unit smaller than the average particle diameter of the coarse granular base material 14, the surrounding coarse granular base material 14 is unlikely to spill out of the mesh. Even if an unexpected situation (spring water, heavy rain, flash flood, etc.) occurs, the movement of the coarse granular base material 14 surrounded by the geogrid 15 is restrained. 14 can be prevented from flowing out. For this reason, the displacement and outflow are linked upward, and the coarse granular filler 17 filled in the space 6 of the retaining wall block 1 moves in the vertical direction (particularly in the downward direction), and the retaining wall is weakened. Can be prevented, and the ability to stabilize the slope can be maintained. Moreover, since the displacement of the foundation 13 is prevented in this way, construction is possible even if the site ground 11 has a soft portion, and the slope 10 can be stabilized.
[0032]
(2) Engagement between coarse granular base material 14 and coarse granular filler material 17 through geogrid 15 is possible.
As shown in FIG. 4B, since the geogrid 15 has a mesh unit of a size that allows a part of the coarse granular base material 14 to protrude, a part of the coarse granular base material 14 protrudes from the geogrid 15. Thus, the coarse granular filler 17 filled in the space 6 of the lowest retaining wall block 1 may be engaged, or the coarse granular filler 17 may protrude from the geogrid 15 and be engaged with the coarse granular base material 14. it can. For this reason, similarly to the case where the geogrid 15 is not provided, it is possible to prevent the base 13 and the lowermost retaining wall block 1 from slipping during normal times.
[0033]
[Second Embodiment]
In the second embodiment of the present invention shown in FIGS. 5 to 7, the coarse granular filler 17 (which may be a powdery filler as will be described later) moves up and down the space 6 between the surface plate 2 and the holding plate 3. Only in that the stabilizing members 21 and 22 that suppress and stabilize the movement in the direction are locked or integrally formed with at least one of the surface plate 2, the holding plate 3 or the connecting plates 4 and 4, This is different from the first embodiment. The dimension of each part given in this example is also an example, and can be changed as appropriate.
[0034]
In the present embodiment, a retaining wall block 100 is used which is obtained by adding stabilizing members 21 and 22 to the retaining wall block 1 of the first embodiment at the bottom, and the same as in the first embodiment after the second stage. Retaining wall block 1 is used. However, the retaining wall block 100 is not limited to the lowermost stage, and is used only for the stage below the central stage as viewed from the entire retaining wall (for example, only the lowermost stage and the second stage, or only the second stage). Also good.
[0035]
In the retaining wall block 100, the stabilizing member 21 has a lateral width of about 1000 mm, a front and rear length of about 1000 mm, and a thickness that can substantially close the central space 7 of the plane quadrangle at a height level excluding its lower and upper ends. It is a square plate with a length of about 80 mm. Further, the stabilizing member 22 is placed between two retaining wall blocks 100, 100 adjacent to each other on the left and right sides, and the planar U-shaped side recess 8 is positioned at a height level excluding its lower end and upper end. It is a quadrangular plate having a lateral width of approximately 800 mm, a longitudinal length of approximately 1000 mm, and a thickness of approximately 80 mm that can be substantially closed. The stabilizing members 21 and 22 are formed with water permeable holes 27 having an appropriate size and number so that rainwater, spring water, and the like do not accumulate on the stabilizing members 21 and 22.
[0036]
The stabilizing members 21 and 22 are steel L-shapes firmly attached to the plates 2, 3 and 4 by anchors 24 whose base ends are embedded in the surface plate 2, the holding plate 3 and the connecting plates 4 and 4, respectively. A peripheral portion is placed on the angle member 23 and is attached so as not to move up and down by a bolt (not shown). This placement and attachment is preferably performed on site as described later.
[0037]
The positions of the stabilizing members 21 and 22 are the height levels excluding the lower end and the upper end of the space 6 as described above, and even near the upper end as shown in FIG. The central height level may be close to the lower end as shown in (c), but it is preferable to exclude the lower end 50 mm (and the upper end 50 mm) of the void. In addition, as shown in (d), although it cannot be located in the lower end and upper end of the space 6, the block 1 for retaining walls becomes easy to shift | deviate so that it may mention later.
[0038]
In the retaining wall of the present embodiment, a plurality of retaining wall blocks 100 are installed side by side at the bottom (first stage), and in the rounded and corner portions where the convex toward the front side is particularly steep, As in the embodiment, it is installed upside down. The space 6 (as described above, the central space 7 and the side recess 8) and the space 16 between the retaining plate 3 and the slope 10 are filled with a coarse granular filler 17 and compacted. The coarse granular filler 17 is filled and compacted to the same level as the upper end surface of the surface plate 2 beyond the upper ends of the voids 6 and the spaces 16.
[0039]
This filling is
(1) First, the retaining wall block 100 in a state where the stabilizing members 21 and 22 are not attached is installed, and the lower surface level of the stabilizing members 21 and 22 in the central cavity 7 and the side recess 8 is reached. After filling with coarse granular filler 17 and compacting,
(2) Place the peripheral edge of the stabilizing members 21 and 22 on the L-shaped angle member 23 and attach it with bolts (not shown). ),
(3) Subsequently, the coarse granular filler 17 is filled above the stabilizing members 21 and 22 and compacted.
[0040]
Since the other structure of the retaining wall of this embodiment is the same as that of 1st embodiment, the description in 1st embodiment is used.
[0041]
According to the retaining wall of the present embodiment configured as described above, the following operational effects (3) and (4) are obtained in addition to the operational effects (1) and (2) of the first embodiment.
[0042]
(3) Prevention of movement / outflow of coarse granular filler 17
As described in the above effect (1), the geogrid 15 restrains the movement of the coarse granular base material 14 to prevent the displacement of the basic 13 and the outflow of the coarse granular base material 14. However, it cannot be said that there is no risk of an unexpected situation (spring water, heavy rain, flash flood, etc.) in which the foundation 13 is displaced. Even in such a case, the stabilizing members 21 and 22 stabilize the coarse granular filler 17 in the empty space 6 (7, 8) by suppressing the movement in the vertical direction, so that the displacement of the foundation 13 is the lowest and It is not linked to the movement of the coarse granular filler 17 in the upper stage, so that the weakening of the retaining wall can be prevented, and the stabilizing ability of the slope 10 can be maintained.
[0043]
(4) Prevention of slippage of retaining wall block 1
Since the stabilizing members 21 and 22 are located at a height level excluding the lower end and the upper end of the space 6 (7, 8), the coarse granular filler 17 is formed at the lower end and the upper end of the space 6 (7, 8). Can get in. For this reason, the coarse granular filler 17 filled in the space 6 of the relatively lower retaining wall block 1 or 100 and the coarse granular filler 17 filled in the relatively empty space 6 of the upper retaining wall block 1 It is possible to prevent relative movement (displacement) of both retaining wall blocks by meshing with the material 17.
As shown in FIG. 7D, when the stabilizing members 21 and 22 are positioned at the lower end and the upper end of the space 6, the stabilizing members 21 and 22 and the coarse granular filler 17 at the upper stage or the lower stage. The retaining wall block 1 is likely to be slipped.
[0044]
In addition, in this embodiment, it can also install using the block 100 for retaining walls which provided the stabilizing members 21 and 22 not only in the lowest level (1st level) but in the some level (for example, every other level). Instead of the coarse granular filler 17, the use of the retaining wall block 100 is increased (preferably half or more are preferable), for example, the retaining wall block 100 is used in all stages as shown in FIG. It is also possible to use a powder filler 18 such as.
[0045]
[Third embodiment]
In the third embodiment of the present invention shown in FIGS. 9 to 11, the powdery filler 18 (which may be a coarse granular filler as will be described later) moves up and down the space 6 between the surface plate 2 and the holding plate 3. Only in that the stabilizing member 31 that suppresses and stabilizes movement in the direction is locked or integrally formed on at least one lower end surface of the surface plate 2, the holding plate 3, or the connecting plates 4 and 4, This is different from the first embodiment. The dimension of each part given in this example is also an example, and can be changed as appropriate.
[0046]
In this embodiment, the same retaining wall block 1 as in the first embodiment is used at the bottom, and a retaining wall 31 is added to the retaining wall block 1 of the first embodiment after the second stage. The block 101 for use is used. However, the retaining wall block 101 may also be used in the lowermost stage.
[0047]
In the retaining wall block 101, the stabilizing member 31 is made of, for example, a high-density polyethylene resin similar to the geogrid 15 of the first embodiment, and is smaller than the average particle diameter of the coarse granular base material 14 and coarse granular basic material. A geogrid having a mesh unit of a size that can project a part of 14 is used. This stabilizing member 31 has a lateral width of about 1200 mm and a longitudinal length of about 1240 mm, which can close (cover) the central cavity 7 and the side recesses 8 on both sides at the height level of the lower end in a mesh shape. It is a geogrid cut out to a square. The stabilizing member 31 has one end of the left and right ends protruding about 200 mm beyond the end of the surface plate 2 (the protruding portion 31a), and the lower end surfaces of the surface plate 2, the holding plate 3, and the connecting plates 4 and 4. It is locked by bending the tip of the anchor 32 embedded in the base plate in each of the plates 2, 3, 4 through the mesh of the geogrid.
[0048]
The retaining wall of the present embodiment has the same structure as that of the first embodiment except that the retaining wall block 101 provided with the stabilizing member 31 is used as the block and the powder filler 18 such as soil is used as the filler. Since it is the same as a form, the remainder uses the description in 1st embodiment. When the retaining wall blocks 101 are installed side by side as described above, the stabilizing member 31 of the adjacent retaining wall block 101 overlaps the protruding portion 31a of the stabilizing member 31 as described above, and the overlapping mesh is formed. Since the powdery filler 18 enters, there is an effect of connecting adjacent retaining wall blocks 101 to each other.
[0049]
According to the retaining wall of the present embodiment configured as described above, the following operational effect (5) is obtained in addition to the operational effects (1) and (2) of the first embodiment.
[0050]
(5) Suppression of movement / outflow of powder filler 18
As described in the above effect (3), even when an unexpected situation (spring water, heavy rain, flash flood, etc.) occurs, the stabilizing member 31 is a powder filler in the space 6 (7, 8). 18 is restrained to stabilize the movement in the vertical direction, so that the displacement of the foundation 13 is not linked to the movement of the powder filler 18 in the lowermost stage and the upper stage, and the weakening of the retaining wall can be prevented, Therefore, the stabilizing ability of the slope 10 can be maintained.
[0051]
  In this embodiment, the coarse granular filler 17 can be used instead of the powder filler 18. Also in this case, the upper and lower stages of coarse particlesFillerA part of 17 can protrude from the mesh-like stabilizing member 31 and mesh with each other. For this reason, similarly to the case where the stabilizing member 31 is not provided, it is possible to prevent the retaining wall block of each step from slipping.
[0052]
Note that the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and can be embodied with appropriate modifications without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
(1) In the first embodiment and the second embodiment, by laying a geogrid under the retaining wall block at each stage, the filler can be further restrained to enhance the stability of the retaining wall. .
[0053]
(2) As shown in FIG. 12 (a), the stabilizing member 21 (same for 22) is formed of a metal plate, and the extended portion 21a from the collar is hung on the upper end of the connecting plate 4 or the holding plate 3. Stop and attach. Moreover, as shown in FIG.12 (b), the stabilization member 21 (22 is also the same) is made into the plate shape with the hole 21b, and is precast integrally with the surface plate 2, the holding plate 3, and the connecting plates 4 and 4. Thus, by providing the hole 21b having the minimum area, the coarse granular filler 17 can be filled downward from the hole 21b during the filling.
[0054]
(3) In 2nd embodiment and 3rd embodiment, it can also be set as the aspect of only the coarse granular base material 14 which does not use the geogrid 15 as the foundation 13. FIG. In the third embodiment in that case, the retaining wall block 101 provided with the stabilizing member 31 at the lowest stage is used.
[0055]
【The invention's effect】
As described above in detail, according to the retaining wall and retaining wall block according to the present invention, even when an unexpected situation (heavy rain, spring water, flash flood, etc.) occurs, the retaining wall is prevented from being weakened. There is an excellent effect that the stabilization ability can be maintained.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a retaining wall according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a sectional view of the retaining wall.
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a retaining wall block used for the retaining wall.
4A is a schematic sectional view showing a construction method, and FIG. 4B is a partially enlarged perspective view of the upper surface of the foundation.
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a retaining wall according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a retaining wall block used for the retaining wall.
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view showing variations in the position of the stabilizing member in the retaining wall block.
FIG. 8 is a perspective view showing a modified example of the retaining wall.
FIG. 9 is a sectional view of a retaining wall according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 10 is a perspective view of a retaining wall block used for the retaining wall.
11A is a cross-sectional view of the retaining wall block, and FIG. 11B is a front view of the retaining wall blocks arranged side by side.
FIG. 12 is a perspective view showing a modified example of the retaining wall block.
FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view of a retaining wall according to a conventional example.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 Retaining wall block
2 Surface plate
3 holding plate
4 Connecting board
6 voids
7 Central space
8 Side recess
13 Basics
14 Coarse granular material
15 Geogrid
17 Coarse granular filler
21 Stabilizing member
22 Stabilizing member
31 Stabilizing member
100 Retaining wall block
101 Retaining wall block

Claims (6)

起立した表面板と、該表面板より奥へ離間して起立した控板と、該表面板の左右方向途中部と該控板の左右方向途中部とを連結する一対の繋ぎ板とを含む擁壁用ブロックを、前記表面板と控板との間における一対の繋ぎ板の間の中央空所と各繋ぎ板の外側方の側部凹所と粗粒状充填材を充填しつつ、左右に並べるとともに上下に複数段に積んで構築される擁壁において、
最下段の前記擁壁用ブロックの下に、粗粒状基礎材を該粗粒状基礎材の平均粒径より小さくかつ該粗粒状基礎材の一部が突出可能な大きさの網目単位を持つジオグリッドで巻き囲んでなる基礎を設け、
前記ジオグリッドを通して、前記基礎の粗粒状基礎材と最下段の擁壁用ブロックの中央空所及び側部凹所に充填された粗粒状充填材とが噛み合うようにしたことを特徴とする擁壁。
A holding plate that includes an upstanding surface plate, a holding plate that stands up away from the surface plate, and a pair of connecting plates that connect a middle portion in the left-right direction of the surface plate and a middle portion in the left-right direction of the holding plate. The wall blocks are arranged side by side while filling the center space between the pair of connecting plates between the surface plate and the holding plate and the side recesses on the outer side of the connecting plates with the coarse granular filler. In the retaining wall that is built up and down in multiple stages,
A geogrid having a mesh unit with a coarse granular base material smaller than the average particle diameter of the coarse granular base material and a part of the coarse granular basic material can protrude below the retaining wall block at the lowest level. Establish a foundation surrounded by
Retaining wall characterized in that, through the geogrid, the coarse granular base material of the foundation and the coarse granular filler filled in the central space and the side recess of the lowermost retaining wall block mesh with each other. .
起立した表面板と、該表面板より奥へ離間して起立した控板と、該表面板の左右方向途中部と該控板の左右方向途中部とを連結する一対の繋ぎ板とを含む擁壁用ブロックを、前記表面板と控板との間における一対の繋ぎ板の間の中央空所と各繋ぎ板の外側方の側部凹所と粗粒状充填材を充填しつつ、左右に並べるとともに上下に複数段に積んで構築される擁壁において、
前記充填材が前記中央空所及び側部凹所を上下方向に移動するのを抑制して安定化させる安定化部材として、前記粗粒状基礎材の平均粒径より小さくかつ該粗粒状基礎材の一部が突出可能な大きさの網目単位を持つジオグリッドを、前記中央空所及び側部凹所の下端の高さレベルに位置するように、前記表面板、控板及び繋ぎ板の少なくとも一つに係止して設け、
前記ジオグリッドを通して、前記ジオグリッドより上の粗粒状基礎材と前記ジオグリッドより下の粗粒状充填材とが噛み合うようにしたことを特徴とする擁壁。
A holding plate that includes an upstanding surface plate, a holding plate that stands up away from the surface plate, and a pair of connecting plates that connect a middle portion in the left-right direction of the surface plate and a middle portion in the left-right direction of the holding plate. The wall blocks are arranged side by side while filling the center space between the pair of connecting plates between the surface plate and the holding plate and the side recesses on the outer side of the connecting plates with the coarse granular filler. In the retaining wall that is built up and down in multiple stages,
As a stabilizing member that suppresses and stabilizes movement of the filler in the central cavity and the side recess in the vertical direction, the stabilizer is smaller than the average particle diameter of the coarse granular base material and At least one of the face plate, the holding plate, and the connecting plate is located at a height level at the lower end of the central cavity and the side recess, with a geogrid having a mesh unit that is partially projectable. Locked to one,
A retaining wall characterized in that the coarse granular base material above the geogrid and the coarse granular filler material below the geogrid mesh with each other through the geogrid.
起立した表面板と、該表面板より奥へ離間して起立した控板と、該表面板の左右方向途中部と該控板の左右方向途中部とを連結する一対の繋ぎ板とを含む擁壁用ブロックを、前記表面板と控板との間における一対の繋ぎ板の間の中央空所と各繋ぎ板の外側方の側部凹所と粗粒状充填材を充填しつつ、左右に並べるとともに上下に複数段に積んで構築される擁壁において、
最下段の前記擁壁用ブロックの下に、粗粒状基礎材を該粗粒状基礎材の平均粒径より小さくかつ該粗粒状基礎材の一部が突出可能な大きさの網目単位を持つジオグリッドで巻き囲んでなる基礎を設け、
前記ジオグリッドを通して、前記基礎の粗粒状基礎材と最下段の擁壁用ブロックの中央空所及び側部凹所に充填された粗粒状充填材とが噛み合うようにしたとともに、
前記充填材が前記中央空所及び側部凹所を上下方向に移動するのを抑制して安定化させる安定化部材として、前記粗粒状基礎材の平均粒径より小さくかつ該粗粒状基礎材の一部が突出可能な大きさの網目単位を持つジオグリッドを、前記中央空所及び側部凹所の下端の高さレベルに位置するように、前記表面板、控板及び繋ぎ板の少なくとも一つに係止して設け、
前記ジオグリッドを通して、前記ジオグリッドより上の粗粒状基礎材と前記ジオグリッドより下の粗粒状充填材とが噛み合うようにしたことを特徴とする擁壁。
A holding plate that includes an upstanding surface plate, a holding plate that stands up away from the surface plate, and a pair of connecting plates that connect a middle portion in the left-right direction of the surface plate and a middle portion in the left-right direction of the holding plate. The wall blocks are arranged side by side while filling the center space between the pair of connecting plates between the surface plate and the holding plate and the side recesses on the outer side of the connecting plates with the coarse granular filler. In the retaining wall that is built up and down in multiple stages,
A geogrid having a mesh unit with a coarse granular base material smaller than the average particle diameter of the coarse granular base material and a part of the coarse granular basic material can protrude below the retaining wall block at the lowest level. Establish a foundation surrounded by
Through the geogrid, the coarse granular base material of the foundation and the coarse granular filler filled in the central space and the side recess of the lowermost retaining wall block are engaged ,
As a stabilizing member that suppresses and stabilizes movement of the filler in the central cavity and the side recess in the vertical direction, the stabilizer is smaller than the average particle diameter of the coarse granular base material and At least one of the face plate, the holding plate, and the connecting plate is located at a height level at the lower end of the central cavity and the side recess, with a geogrid having a mesh unit that is partially projectable. Locked to one,
A retaining wall characterized in that the coarse granular base material above the geogrid and the coarse granular filler material below the geogrid mesh with each other through the geogrid.
起立した表面板と、該表面板より奥へ離間して起立した控板と、該表面板の左右方向途中部と該控板の左右方向途中部とを連結する一対の繋ぎ板と、前記表面板と控板との間における一対の繋ぎ板の間の中央空所と各繋ぎ板の外側方の側部凹所とを含む擁壁用ブロックにおいて、
前記中央空所及び側部凹所に充填される粗粒状充填材が上下方向に移動するのを抑制して安定化させる安定化部材として、前記粗粒状基礎材の平均粒径より小さくかつ該粗粒状基礎材の一部が突出可能な大きさの網目単位を持つジオグリッドを、前記中央空所及び側部凹所の下端の高さレベルに位置するように、前記表面板、控板及び繋ぎ板の少なくとも一つに係止して設け、
前記ジオグリッドを通して、前記ジオグリッドより上の粗粒状基礎材と前記ジオグリッドより下の粗粒状充填材とが噛み合うようにしたことを特徴とする擁壁用ブロック。
A standing surface plate, a copy plate standing apart from said surface plate to the back, and a pair of connecting plates connecting the lateral direction middle portions of the right and left direction middle portion and該控plate of the surface plate, the table In the retaining wall block including the central space between the pair of connecting plates between the face plate and the holding plate and the side recesses on the outer side of each connecting plate ,
As a stabilizing member that suppresses and stabilizes the coarse granular filler filled in the central cavity and the side recess in the vertical direction, the stabilizer is smaller than the average particle diameter of the coarse granular base material and the coarse granular filler A geogrid having a mesh unit of a size that allows a part of the granular base material to protrude is positioned at the height level of the lower end of the central space and the side recess, and the surface plate, the holding plate, and the connecting plate Locked to at least one of the plates,
A retaining wall block characterized in that a coarse granular base material above the geogrid and a coarse granular filler material below the geogrid mesh with each other through the geogrid.
前記ジオグリッドは、その左右端のうちの一方端が前記表面板の端よりもはみ出すようにして設けられた請求項2又は3記載の擁壁。The retaining wall according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the geogrid is provided such that one of left and right ends thereof protrudes beyond an end of the surface plate . 前記ジオグリッドは、その左右端のうちの一方端が前記表面板の端よりもはみ出すようにして設けられた請求項4記載の擁壁用ブロック。The retaining wall block according to claim 4, wherein the geogrid is provided such that one of left and right ends protrudes beyond an end of the surface plate.
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