JP3806115B2 - Tile construction method and roof structure - Google Patents

Tile construction method and roof structure Download PDF

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JP3806115B2
JP3806115B2 JP2003434360A JP2003434360A JP3806115B2 JP 3806115 B2 JP3806115 B2 JP 3806115B2 JP 2003434360 A JP2003434360 A JP 2003434360A JP 2003434360 A JP2003434360 A JP 2003434360A JP 3806115 B2 JP3806115 B2 JP 3806115B2
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ventilation
tile
roof
ridge
roof tile
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JP2005188254A (en
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正也 江原
英実 伊藤
進悟 坪井
欣大 松本
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エバー株式会社
日本洋瓦商事株式会社
株式会社 坪井利三郎商店
日本住環境株式会社
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Description

本発明は、瓦と野地板の間における通気を確保して、屋根に断熱性や野地の耐久性を始めとする優れた性能を与えることのできる瓦施工方法、および本施工方法により構築することのできる屋根構造に関する。   INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention can be constructed by a roof tile construction method capable of ensuring ventilation between a roof tile and a field board, and providing excellent performance such as heat insulation and field durability to the roof, and this construction method. It relates to the roof structure.

従来、瓦と野地板の間における通気を確保するための金属瓦として、下記特許文献1に示されるものが知られている。この金属瓦は、裏打材の表面に、軒から棟へ延びる複数の凹溝を有しており、野地板上に施工される。また、特許文献1の0016段落には、空気を入りやすくし、また雨水の侵入を防ぐため、軒先納めにスリットを設けることが開示されている。   Conventionally, what is shown by the following patent document 1 is known as a metal tile for ensuring the ventilation | gas_flowing between a roof tile and a field plate. This metal tile has a plurality of concave grooves extending from the eaves to the ridge on the surface of the backing material, and is constructed on a field plate. Further, paragraph 0016 of Patent Document 1 discloses that a slit is provided in the front of the eaves in order to facilitate air entry and prevent rainwater from entering.

特許第2632458号公報Japanese Patent No. 2632458

上記従来の金属瓦においては、通気用に多数の凹溝を設けなければならず、コストがかさむし、形状も平板瓦に限られてしまう。また、この金属瓦を施工した屋根においては、軒先納めに単なるスリットを設けているが、スリットの寸法や数を様々に考えてみても、通風量と強度とのバランスがとれないし、雨水侵入を防止するためにスリットの位置に配慮しなければならないので施工が難しい。また、スリットを設けるだけでは、十分な空気の量を受入れることができず、通気量を十分に確保することができない。   In the above conventional metal roof tiles, a large number of concave grooves must be provided for ventilation, which increases the cost and limits the shape to flat roof tiles. In addition, in the roof where this metal tile is constructed, a simple slit is provided in the eaves, but even if the dimensions and number of slits are considered in various ways, there is no balance between the amount of ventilation and the strength, and rainwater intrusion occurs. Construction is difficult because the position of the slits must be taken into consideration. Moreover, if only the slit is provided, a sufficient amount of air cannot be received, and a sufficient amount of ventilation cannot be ensured.

そこで、請求項1、請求項4に記載の発明は、様々な形状ないし素材の瓦、あるいは一般の瓦を用いながら、瓦と野地板の間における通気を通気量の多い状態で確保でき、特に軒や棟における施工が極めて簡単で屋根に優れた性能を与える瓦施工方法、ないしは屋根構造を提供することを目的としたものである。 Therefore, according to claim 1, the invention according to claim 4, while using a variety of shapes or materials of the tile or common tile, the ventilation in roof tiles and roofing plates can be secured in a large state of aeration rate, Ya particularly eaves The purpose of the present invention is to provide a tile construction method or a roof structure that is extremely simple to construct in the building and gives excellent performance to the roof.

上記目的を達成するために、請求項1に記載の発明は、野地板の軒側上面に、軒側の面から棟側の面への貫通孔を隣接状態で複数有する長尺直方体状の通気鼻桟を、最下層の貫通孔が野地板上面に連続するように位置する状態で渡し、軒の瓦を、下部下側に通気鼻桟を有する状態で固定し、軒の瓦から棟の瓦までを、軒から棟にわたり野地板から離れた空間部分を有する状態で固定し、棟の瓦の上面に、軒側の面から棟側の面への貫通孔を隣接状態で複数有する通気棟部材を渡し、ここで通気棟部材を、フレキシブルな防水通気シートの両端縁に、下側に防水パッキンを固定した、貫通孔を有する長尺直方体状の通気部材を配置したものとし、通気棟部材の上側に、冠瓦を載せることを特徴とするものである。また、上記目的を達成するために、請求項4に記載の発明は、各瓦が、軒から棟にわたり野地板から離れた空間部分を有する状態で固定されており、軒における瓦と野地板との間に、軒側の面から棟側の面への貫通孔を隣接状態で複数有する長尺直方体状の通気鼻桟が、最下層の貫通孔が野地板上面に連続するように位置する状態で渡されるとともに、棟における冠瓦と瓦との間に、軒側の面から棟側の面への貫通孔を隣接状態で複数有する通気棟部材が渡されており、通気棟部材が、フレキシブルな防水通気シートの両端縁に、下側に防水パッキンを固定した、貫通孔を有する長尺直方体状の通気部材を配置したものとされていることを特徴とするものである。 In order to achieve the above object, the invention described in claim 1 is a long rectangular parallelepiped ventilation having a plurality of through holes from the eave side surface to the ridge side surface on the eave side upper surface of the base plate. Pass the nose bridge in a state where the lowermost through hole is continuous with the top surface of the base plate , and fix the roof tile with the ventilation nose bridge on the lower side of the bottom. A ventilation ridge member that has a plurality of through holes from the eave side surface to the ridge side surface on the upper surface of the roof tile of the ridge, and is fixed in a state having a space portion away from the field plate from the eave to the ridge. Here, the ventilation wing member is arranged with a long rectangular parallelepiped ventilation member having a through hole with a waterproof packing fixed to both ends of the flexible waterproof ventilation sheet . A crown tile is placed on the upper side. Moreover, in order to achieve the said objective, invention of Claim 4 is fixed in the state in which each roof tile has the space part away from the field board from the eave to the ridge, A long rectangular parallelepiped vent nose bar having a plurality of adjacent through holes from the eave side surface to the ridge side surface is positioned so that the lowermost through hole is continuous with the top surface of the base plate in conjunction passed, between the crown tiles and tiles in buildings, the through-hole from the surface of the eaves side to the ridge side faces are passed ventilation ridge member having a plurality adjacent state, the ventilation ridge member, the flexible A long rectangular parallelepiped-shaped ventilation member having a through hole with a waterproof packing fixed to the lower side is arranged at both end edges of such a waterproof ventilation sheet .

また、請求項2、あるいは請求項5に記載の発明は、上記目的に加えて、軒と棟の間において通気量を更に確保する目的を達成するため、瓦が、軒側の面から棟側の面への貫通孔を隣接状態で複数有する通気瓦桟によって固定されることにある。 In addition to the above-mentioned object, the invention according to claim 2 or claim 5 achieves the object of further securing the air flow between the eave and the ridge, so that the roof tile is formed from the eave side to the ridge side. It is to be fixed by a ventilated roof rail having a plurality of through holes in the adjacent state.

更に、請求項3、あるいは請求項6に記載の発明は、上記目的に加えて、平瓦においても通気を確保し、あるいは他の瓦において通気量を更に向上する目的を達成するため、瓦が、野地板上に渡された縦桟の上に固定されていることにある。 Furthermore, in addition to the above object, the invention according to claim 3 or claim 6 is provided with a roof tile in order to achieve the purpose of ensuring ventilation in a flat roof tile or further improving the air flow rate in other roof tiles. It is fixed on the vertical rail passed over the field board.

本発明によれば、通気量が多く、優れた断熱性や野地の耐久性を長期間保持可能である瓦−野地板間通気を、低コストで容易に屋根に付与し、施工が容易ながら、雨水の野地板ないしは屋根裏への浸入を防止し、通気にも配慮することができる瓦施工方法、あるいは屋根構造を提供することができる、という効果を奏する。 According to the present invention, the ventilation between the tile and the field board, which has a large amount of ventilation and can maintain excellent heat insulation and durability of the field for a long period of time , is easily imparted to the roof at low cost , There is an effect that it is possible to provide a roof tile construction method or a roof structure that can prevent rainwater from entering a ground plate or an attic and can consider ventilation .

以下、本発明の実施形態に係る瓦施工方法および屋根構造について、第1形態ないし第2形態およびこれらの変更例を挙げ、適宜図面に基づいて説明する。なお、本発明はこれら形態や変更例に限られるものではない。   Hereinafter, a tile construction method and a roof structure according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described based on the drawings as appropriate by giving first to second embodiments and modified examples thereof. Note that the present invention is not limited to these forms and modifications.

(第1形態)
図1は第1形態に係る瓦施工方法において用いられる、通気軒部材としての通気鼻桟10の説明図である。通気鼻桟10は、軒上側に設置される一般の鼻桟と同等の大きさを有する長尺直方体(例えば高さ30mm×奥行40mm×長さ1200mm)である。また、通気鼻桟10には、長辺を含む面12から対向する面14への貫通孔16が、互いに隣接する状態で複数設けられている。
(First form)
FIG. 1 is an explanatory view of a ventilation nose bar 10 as a ventilation eaves member used in the roof tile construction method according to the first embodiment. The ventilation nose bar 10 is a long rectangular parallelepiped (for example, 30 mm in height x 40 mm in depth x 1200 mm in length) having the same size as a general nose bridge installed on the eaves upper side. In addition, the ventilation nose bar 10 is provided with a plurality of through holes 16 from the surface 12 including the long side to the opposing surface 14 so as to be adjacent to each other.

なお、貫通孔16の大きさは、5mm四方で全長40mm程度であり、貫通孔16は5層程度設けられる。また、通気鼻桟10は、貫通孔16を、面12,14の全体にわたり有している。更に、通気鼻桟10は、プラスチック製である。通気鼻桟10は、貫通孔16の並んだプラスチックプレートを複数枚積層し、積層状態でヒートカッターにより切断し、切断面を熱融着固定して製造される。そしてここでは、プラスチックプレートを通気鼻桟10の高さ方向へ積層し、貫通孔16を、隣接する層と横方向の並びが異なり、各層毎に配置の異なるものとしている。   In addition, the size of the through-hole 16 is 5 mm square and the total length is about 40 mm, and the through-hole 16 is provided with about 5 layers. The ventilation nose bar 10 has a through hole 16 over the entire surfaces 12 and 14. Further, the ventilation nose bar 10 is made of plastic. The ventilation nose bar 10 is manufactured by laminating a plurality of plastic plates in which the through-holes 16 are arranged, cutting them with a heat cutter in the laminated state, and fixing the cut surfaces by heat sealing. Here, the plastic plates are stacked in the height direction of the ventilation nose bar 10, and the through holes 16 are arranged differently in the lateral direction from the adjacent layers, and are arranged differently for each layer.

図2は第1形態の瓦施工方法において用いられる、通気軒部材としての通気面戸20の説明図である。通気面戸20は、上辺が波形状を呈するプレート群22と、プレート群22にほぼ垂直な固定板24とからなる。プレート群22の上辺は、施工しようとする瓦(平瓦以外)の下面軒側外形に沿って形成される。また、プレート群22には、広い面26から対向する面27への貫通孔28が、互いに隣接する状態で複数設けられている。   FIG. 2 is an explanatory view of a vent surface door 20 as a vent eave member used in the roof tile construction method of the first embodiment. The ventilation face door 20 includes a plate group 22 whose upper side has a wave shape and a fixing plate 24 substantially perpendicular to the plate group 22. The upper side of the plate group 22 is formed along the lower surface eave side outer shape of the tile to be constructed (other than the flat tile). The plate group 22 is provided with a plurality of through holes 28 from the wide surface 26 to the opposing surface 27 in a state of being adjacent to each other.

なお、貫通孔28は、直径5mm程度の円形であり、プレート群22における各プレートの周辺部以外にわたり、およそ5〜7mmの間隔で配置されている。また、通気面戸20は、プラスチック製である。   The through holes 28 have a circular shape with a diameter of about 5 mm, and are arranged at intervals of about 5 to 7 mm over the periphery of each plate in the plate group 22. The ventilation face door 20 is made of plastic.

図3は第1形態の瓦施工方法において用いられる通気棟部材30の説明図である。通気棟部材30は、長辺方向に折目31を有するシート部材としての長方形状の折板32と、折板32の両長辺下側に固定される通気部材33と、各通気部材33の下側に固定される防水パッキン34とを備えている。   FIG. 3 is an explanatory view of the ventilation ridge member 30 used in the roof tile construction method of the first embodiment. The ventilation building member 30 includes a rectangular folded plate 32 as a sheet member having a fold 31 in the long side direction, a ventilation member 33 fixed to both lower sides of the folded plate 32, and each ventilation member 33. A waterproof packing 34 fixed to the lower side is provided.

折板32は、プラスチックプレートであり、伸ばしたときの大きさが短辺260mm、長辺1000mm程度である。折目31は、半切加工によって設けられる。また、折目31は、複数設けられており、各通気部材33の内側近傍と、中央部両側に配置されている。折板32下面であって、中央部の折目31間には、両面テープ35が設けられる。また、折板32上面であって、中央部の折目31外側間には、補強テープ36が設けられる。   The folded plate 32 is a plastic plate and has a short side of 260 mm and a long side of about 1000 mm when stretched. The fold line 31 is provided by half cutting. A plurality of folds 31 are provided, and are arranged in the vicinity of the inside of each ventilation member 33 and on both sides of the central portion. A double-sided tape 35 is provided between the folds 31 at the center portion on the lower surface of the folded plate 32. A reinforcing tape 36 is provided on the upper surface of the folded plate 32 and between the outer sides of the central fold 31.

通気部材33は、通気鼻桟10と同様に、複数の貫通孔37を隣接状態で有する部材であるが、貫通孔37を有する面38,39は、下辺をおよそ10mm外側へ出す方向へ傾けられており、通気部材33の大きさは、長手方向で1000mm程度、高さで15mm程度とされ、貫通孔37の大きさは、高さ1mm程度、幅5mm程度とされ、貫通孔37は8層程度とされる。   The ventilation member 33 is a member having a plurality of through-holes 37 adjacent to each other as in the case of the ventilation nose bridge 10, but the surfaces 38 and 39 having the through-holes 37 are inclined so as to project the lower side outward by about 10 mm. The size of the ventilation member 33 is about 1000 mm in the longitudinal direction and about 15 mm in height. The size of the through hole 37 is about 1 mm in height and about 5 mm in width. The through hole 37 has eight layers. It is said to be about.

防水パッキン34は、発泡性を呈する直方体状のプラスチックであり、その大きさは高さ20mm程度、奥行き20mm程度、幅1000mm程度である。   The waterproof packing 34 is a rectangular parallelepiped plastic that exhibits foaming properties, and has a size of about 20 mm in height, about 20 mm in depth, and about 1000 mm in width.

次に、これらを用いた第1形態に係る瓦施工方法、ないしは屋根構造を、主に図4および図5に基づいて説明する。   Next, the tile construction method or the roof structure according to the first embodiment using these will be described mainly based on FIGS. 4 and 5.

屋根50において、平瓦でない軒瓦52、瓦53および冠瓦54を施工する前は、軒55から棟56に至る野地板58が現れている。この状態において、まず、軒55における野地板58上に、通気鼻桟10を、貫通孔16が軒55−棟56方向(流れ方向)に向く状態で横に渡し、その上に通気面戸20の固定板24を当て、通気鼻桟10と固定板24を釘打ちする。このとき、通気面戸20の貫通孔28も流れ方向を向く。また、軒瓦52や瓦53を設置するための瓦桟60を、野地板58上において横に渡し、釘打ちするとともに、棟金具62によって垂木64を固定する。   On the roof 50, before the eaves tile 52, the tile 53, and the crown tile 54 which are not flat tiles are constructed, a field plate 58 extending from the eaves 55 to the ridge 56 appears. In this state, first, the ventilation nose bar 10 is handed over on the base plate 58 of the eave 55 in a state where the through-hole 16 faces the eave 55-building 56 direction (flow direction), and the ventilation surface door 20 is provided thereon. The fixing plate 24 is applied and the ventilation nose bar 10 and the fixing plate 24 are nailed. At this time, the through hole 28 of the vent door 20 also faces the flow direction. In addition, a tile rail 60 for installing the eave roof tile 52 and the roof tile 53 is handed over and nailed on the base plate 58, and the rafter 64 is fixed by the ridge bracket 62.

次に、軒瓦52を設置する。軒瓦52の上部を瓦桟60に掛け、下部を通気面戸20のプレート群22に載せる。このとき、通気面戸20が軒瓦52と通気鼻桟10との間に位置し、貫通孔28以外の部分で軒瓦52と通気鼻桟10との間が塞がれる。軒瓦52の上部を瓦桟60および野地板58に釘打ちする。   Next, the eaves tile 52 is installed. The upper part of the eaves tile 52 is hung on the tile frame 60, and the lower part is placed on the plate group 22 of the ventilation face door 20. At this time, the ventilation face door 20 is positioned between the eaves tile 52 and the ventilation nose bar 10, and the area between the eaves tile 52 and the ventilation nose bar 10 is blocked by a portion other than the through hole 28. The upper part of the eaves tile 52 is nailed to the roof rail 60 and the field board 58.

続いて、瓦53を棟56方向へ重ねていく。瓦53の上部を瓦桟60に掛け、下部を下の軒瓦52または瓦53に載せる。なお、瓦53は平瓦ではないため、野地板58から離れた空間部分を有する状態で固定される。この野地板58から離れた空間部分は、軒瓦52や瓦53が流れ方向に沿って重なるため、軒55から棟56へと通気空間となってつながっている。   Subsequently, the roof tiles 53 are stacked in the direction of the building 56. The upper part of the roof tile 53 is hung on the roof tile 60 and the lower section is placed on the lower roof tile 52 or the roof tile 53. Since the roof tile 53 is not a flat roof tile, it is fixed in a state having a space portion away from the field board 58. Since the eave roof tile 52 and the roof tile 53 overlap along the flow direction, the space portion away from the field plate 58 is connected as a ventilation space from the eave 55 to the ridge 56.

そして、棟56の瓦53を固定し、少なくとも野地板58から離れた部分において棟56の瓦53下側から上側の通気を確保したら、通気棟部材30の両面テープ35の剥離紙をめくり、折板32中央部を垂木64に接着する。このとき、防水パッキン34が棟56の瓦53に接触する。また、通気棟部材30の貫通孔37がほぼ流れ方向に向く。なお、折板32中央部の折目31の間隔は、一般的な垂木64の大きさに合わせている。   Then, when the roof 53 of the ridge 56 is fixed and at least a portion away from the base plate 58 ensures the upper side ventilation from the lower side of the roof 53 of the ridge 56, the release paper of the double-sided tape 35 of the ventilation wing member 30 is turned and folded. The central portion of the plate 32 is bonded to the rafter 64. At this time, the waterproof packing 34 contacts the roof 53 of the ridge 56. Further, the through hole 37 of the ventilation wing member 30 is substantially directed in the flow direction. In addition, the space | interval of the fold 31 of the folding plate 32 center part is united with the magnitude | size of the general rafter 64. FIG.

その後、通気棟部材30に冠瓦54を載せ、垂木64に通気棟部材30とともに固定する。このとき、冠瓦54下部内側が、通気部材33上の折板32に載る。また、防水パッキン34が圧縮され、防水性を高める。更に、通気部材33が、冠瓦54下部から内側にわたり、また瓦53の勾配に沿うようになり、冠瓦54内側からのぞくようになる。よって、通気鼻桟10および通気面戸20から、野地−瓦間の空間部分を経由し、棟56の瓦53の上端部と冠瓦54との間を経て、通気部材33へ至る通気路が形成される。   Thereafter, the roof tile 54 is placed on the ventilation building member 30 and fixed to the rafter 64 together with the ventilation building member 30. At this time, the lower inner side of the crown tile 54 is placed on the folded plate 32 on the ventilation member 33. In addition, the waterproof packing 34 is compressed to improve waterproofness. Furthermore, the ventilation member 33 extends from the lower part of the crown tile 54 to the inside and follows the gradient of the roof tile 53, and can be seen from the inside of the crown tile 54. Therefore, there is a ventilation path from the ventilation nose bar 10 and the ventilation surface door 20 to the ventilation member 33 through the space between the field and the roof tile, between the upper end of the roof tile 53 of the building 56 and the crown roof tile 54. It is formed.

このようにして施工された屋根50は、軒瓦52や瓦53が、軒55からに棟56わたり野地板58から離れた空間部分を有する状態で固定されており、軒55における軒瓦52と野地板58との間に、軒55側の面12から棟56側の面14への貫通孔16を隣接状態で複数有する通気鼻桟10を渡し、また軒55側の面26から棟56側の面27への貫通孔28を隣接状態で複数有する通気面戸20を渡すとともに、棟56における冠瓦54と瓦53との間に、軒55側の面38から棟56側の面39への貫通孔37を隣接状態で複数有する通気部材33を渡した構造となっている。   The roof 50 constructed in this manner is fixed in a state where the eaves tile 52 and the tile 53 have a space portion extending from the eave 55 to the ridge 56 or away from the field plate 58, and A vent nose bar 10 having a plurality of adjacent through holes 16 from the surface 12 on the eave 55 side to the surface 14 on the ridge 56 side is passed between the base plate 58 and the surface 26 on the eave 55 side. The air vent door 20 having a plurality of through holes 28 adjacent to the surface 27 is passed, and between the crown tile 54 and the roof tile 53 in the building 56, the surface 38 on the eave 55 side to the surface 39 on the building 56 side. The ventilation member 33 having a plurality of through holes 37 adjacent to each other is provided.

従って、屋根50においては、軒瓦52、瓦53、冠瓦54の材質や形状を問わず、また一般的な軒瓦52等であっても、瓦−野地板間通気を確保することができる。瓦−野地板間通気の代表的な効果として、夏期における日射の遮熱が挙げられ、具体例としては、断熱材を天井に貼った場合に、瓦−野地板間通気施工後の小屋裏における床面積当り冷房負荷が施工前の84%に減少し、断熱材を野地板58の下側および天井に貼った場合に、瓦−野地板間通気施工後の小屋裏の床面積当り冷房負荷が施工前の90%に減少する。また、瓦−野地板間通気の効果として、野地の湿気を排出することもできる。即ち、屋根50においては、有用な瓦−野地板間通気を、デザインの制限されない状態で、また低コストで簡単に確保することができる。   Therefore, in the roof 50, regardless of the material and shape of the eaves tile 52, the tile 53, and the crown tile 54, and even the general eaves tile 52 and the like, the ventilation between the tile and the base plate can be secured. . As a typical effect of ventilation between tile and field board, heat insulation of solar radiation in summer can be mentioned, and as a specific example, when heat insulating material is pasted on the ceiling, in the back of the hut after ventilation construction between tile and field board When the cooling load per floor area is reduced to 84% before construction, and the heat insulating material is pasted on the underside and ceiling of the field board 58, the cooling load per floor area of the back of the hut after the ventilation between the tile and the field board is installed. Reduce to 90% before construction. Moreover, the moisture of a field can also be discharged | emitted as an effect of ventilation between tile-field boards. That is, in the roof 50, it is possible to easily ensure a useful air flow between the tile and the baseboard in a state where the design is not limited and at a low cost.

また、屋根50においては、貫通孔16,28を隣接状態で複数有する通気鼻桟10や通気面戸20を、野地板58の軒55側上面に設置しているため、瓦−野地板間通気における通気量を多くすることができる。瓦−野地板間通気における通気量と床面積当り冷房負荷との関係の具体例として、次のようなものがある。   Further, in the roof 50, the ventilation nose bridge 10 and the ventilation surface door 20 having a plurality of through holes 16 and 28 adjacent to each other are installed on the top surface of the field plate 58 on the eave 55 side. It is possible to increase the air flow rate. The following is a specific example of the relationship between the amount of ventilation and the cooling load per floor area in the ventilation between the tile and the field board.

即ち、まず天井のみの断熱材施工時において、小屋裏のみ換気回数5回/h(1時間当り)の冷房負荷を100%としたときに、瓦−野地板間通気層を設けるだけ(通気回数0回/h)で83.8%、通気層通気回数を5回/h(小屋裏容積基準)とすると81.1%、通気回数を20回/hとすると76.2%となる。   That is, when the ceiling-only heat insulating material is installed, only the roof-back ventilation layer is provided when the cooling load at the ventilation rate of 5 times / h (per hour) is 100%. 03.8 / h), 81.8% if the ventilation layer ventilation frequency is 5 times / h (based on the hut back volume), and 76.2% if the ventilation frequency is 20 times / h.

次に、天井および屋根に断熱材を施工した場合において、小屋裏のみ換気回数5回/hの冷房負荷を100%としたときに、通気層通気回数0回/hで89.0%、通気層通気回数5回/hで87.5%、通気層通気回数20回/hで84.6%となる。なおこの場合、小屋裏のみ換気回数5回/hの冷房負荷は、天井のみの断熱材施工時に比較して73.5%となる。   Next, in the case where a heat insulating material is applied to the ceiling and the roof, when the cooling load at the ventilation rate of 5 times / h is 100% only at the back of the hut, the ventilation rate is 89.0% at the ventilation layer ventilation rate of 0 times / h. When the layer ventilation frequency is 5 times / h, it becomes 87.5%, and when the ventilation layer ventilation frequency is 20 times / h, it becomes 84.6%. In this case, the cooling load at the ventilation rate of 5 times / h only in the back of the hut is 73.5% compared to the case of the heat insulating material construction only on the ceiling.

従って、瓦−野地板間通気において、通気量を増やせば、更に断熱性等の性能を向上することができ、屋根50にあっては通気量を多くすることが可能であるために、極めて高い性能を具備させることができる。   Therefore, in the air flow between the tile and the base plate, if the air flow rate is increased, the performance such as heat insulation can be further improved, and in the roof 50, the air flow rate can be increased. Performance can be provided.

更に、屋根50は、通気鼻桟10や通気面戸20によって、通気のための貫通孔16,28が導入された構造を有している。よって、屋根50において、瓦−野地板間通気を実現しながら、一般的な屋根と施工容易性が変らない。   Further, the roof 50 has a structure in which through holes 16 and 28 for ventilation are introduced by the ventilation nose bridge 10 and the ventilation face door 20. Therefore, in the roof 50, construction ease does not change with a general roof, implement | achieving ventilation between tile-field boards.

また、屋根50において、通気鼻桟10の最下層の貫通孔16が、野地板58のすぐ上に(野地板58上面に連続するように)位置する構造を備えている。従って、屋根50においては、野地板58上に浸入した雨水もすぐに軒55から排出することができる。   In addition, the roof 50 has a structure in which the lowermost through hole 16 of the ventilation nose bar 10 is positioned immediately above the field plate 58 (so as to be continuous with the upper surface of the field plate 58). Therefore, on the roof 50, rainwater that has entered the field board 58 can be immediately discharged from the eaves 55.

更に、屋根50において、通気棟部材30が、フレキシブルな折板32の両端縁に通気部材33を配置したものとされているため、一般的な両流れ屋根における棟の両側に一度に設置することができ、様々な形状の冠瓦54に対応することができる。   Further, in the roof 50, since the ventilation building member 30 has the ventilation members 33 arranged at both end edges of the flexible folded plate 32, the ventilation building member 30 should be installed at both sides of the building in a general double-flow roof. It is possible to cope with various shapes of the roof tile 54.

加えて、通気鼻桟10、通気面戸20あるいは通気棟部材30の貫通孔16,28,37が、ほぼ5〜25平方ミリメートルの面積とされているため、昆虫や小鳥の侵入を防止し、耐久性に配慮しながら、断熱や除湿等に有効な瓦−野地板間通気を通気量の十分な状態で行うことができる。   In addition, since the through holes 16, 28, and 37 of the ventilation nose bar 10, the ventilation surface door 20, or the ventilation building member 30 have an area of about 5 to 25 square millimeters, the invasion of insects and small birds is prevented. While considering the durability, it is possible to perform ventilation between the tile and the base plate which is effective for heat insulation, dehumidification, and the like in a state where the ventilation amount is sufficient.

なお、第1形態の変更例として、次のようなものがある。軒の貫通孔の面積を、1〜100平方ミリメートルという好ましい範囲、またはこれ以外の範囲で変更する。また、軒の貫通孔の隣接間隔を、至近端部間距離で1〜10ミリメートルという好ましい範囲、またはこれ以外の範囲で変更する。同様に、棟の貫通孔の面積を、1〜100平方ミリメートルという好ましい範囲、またはこれ以外の範囲で変更する。また、棟の貫通孔の隣接間隔を、至近端部間距離で1〜10ミリメートルという好ましい範囲、またはこれ以外の範囲で変更する。このような好ましい範囲をとると、雨水や異物の侵入を防止し、構造的にも丈夫なものとすることにより耐久性を向上しながら、通気量をも十分なものとすることができる。   In addition, there exist the following as an example of a change of a 1st form. The area of the through hole of the eaves is changed within a preferable range of 1 to 100 square millimeters or other range. Moreover, the adjacent space | interval of the through-hole of an eave is changed in the preferable range of 1-10 millimeters by the distance between nearest edge parts, or a range other than this. Similarly, the area of the through-hole of a ridge is changed in the preferable range of 1-100 square millimeters, or the range other than this. Moreover, the adjacent space | interval of the through-hole of a ridge is changed in the preferable range of 1-10 millimeters by the distance between nearest edge parts, or the range other than this. When such a preferable range is taken, it is possible to prevent the intrusion of rainwater and foreign matter, and to make the air flow sufficient while improving durability by making the structure durable.

また、通気鼻桟のみを用いて面戸に貫通孔を設置しないようにしたり、貫通孔を有する通気面戸のみを用いて通常の鼻桟を用いたりする。更に、通気鼻桟や通気面戸における面の一部に貫通孔を配置するようにする。このとき、水抜けに配慮して、面の下部のみに(面の下部を含むように)貫通孔を設置することができる。また更に、通気面戸における複数のプレートまたはプレート群全体を、単一のプレートとする。また、特に平瓦に近い瓦の場合に、面戸を省略し、通気鼻桟のみを施工する。更に、通気鼻桟や通気面戸を、通常の鼻桟等とともに(例えば一定数の通常部材毎に通気部材を配置する等して)施工することができ、この場合、通気量や施工コストを調整することができる。   Moreover, a through-hole is not installed in a face door using only a ventilation nose bridge, or a normal nose bridge is used only using a ventilation surface door having a through-hole. Furthermore, a through hole is arranged in a part of the surface of the ventilation nose bar or the ventilation surface door. At this time, in consideration of drainage, a through hole can be provided only at the lower part of the surface (including the lower part of the surface). Still further, the plurality of plates or the entire plate group in the ventilating door is a single plate. In addition, especially in the case of tiles close to flat roof tiles, the face doors are omitted and only the ventilation nose bridge is constructed. Furthermore, it is possible to construct a ventilation nasal bridge or a ventilation face door together with a normal nasal bridge or the like (for example, by arranging a ventilation member for each of a certain number of normal members). Can be adjusted.

加えて、通気棟部材の折板を、柔軟なシートとする。このとき、防水通気シートを採用することができ、この場合、施工が容易ながら、雨水の野地板ないしは屋根裏への浸入を防止し、通気にも配慮することができる。また、通気棟部材における面の一部に貫通孔を配置するようにする。更に、通気棟部材の両面テープや補強テープを省略する。   In addition, the folded plate of the ventilation building member is a flexible sheet. At this time, a waterproof ventilation sheet can be employed. In this case, the construction can be easily performed, but the rainwater can be prevented from entering the base plate or the attic, and ventilation can be taken into consideration. Moreover, a through-hole is arrange | positioned in a part of surface in a ventilation ridge member. Furthermore, the double-sided tape and the reinforcing tape of the ventilation building member are omitted.

加えて、通気鼻桟等において、プラスチックシートを長手方向に積層する。また、各種部材ないし瓦の形状、材質、数量を、例えば通気面戸として金属製のものを採用したり、瓦として中空瓦を採用したり、下面に流れ方向の溝を形成した瓦を採用したりする等、適宜変更する。   In addition, a plastic sheet is laminated in the longitudinal direction in a ventilation nose bridge or the like. In addition, the shape, material, and quantity of various members or tiles, for example, adopting metal as the vent door, adopting a hollow tile as the tile, or adopting a tile with a groove in the flow direction on the lower surface. Change as appropriate.

一方、冠瓦下方を野地板で塞がないようにする等して、屋根裏と棟との通気をも併せて確保するようにもできる。この場合、特に屋根裏の断熱効果に優れる。   On the other hand, it is possible to secure the ventilation between the attic and the ridge by, for example, preventing the bottom of the roof tile from being covered with a field plate. In this case, the heat insulation effect of the attic is particularly excellent.

また、通気棟部材や通気鼻桟と同様の通気部材を隅棟に配置し、通気量を更に増やすこともできる。この場合、好ましくは隅棟の上部または下部のみに配置する。更に、瓦における、軒から棟にわたり野地板から離れた空間部分を、流れ方向に沿わないものとする。   In addition, a ventilation member similar to the ventilation ridge member or the ventilation nose bridge may be disposed in the corner ridge to further increase the ventilation amount. In this case, it is preferably arranged only at the upper or lower part of the corner building. Furthermore, the space part away from the field board in the roof tile from the eave to the ridge shall not be along the flow direction.

また、図6(a)に示すように、通気鼻桟70として、通常の鼻桟に貫通孔72を掘ったものを採用したり、図6(b)に示すように、通気鼻桟80として、通常の鼻桟の下面を好ましくは高さ3〜8mmで削って貫通孔82としたものを採用したり、これら双方の貫通孔を設けた通気鼻桟を採用したりする。更に、通気鼻桟と同様になる各種の通気瓦桟をもって瓦を施工する。この場合、瓦の形状に依らず、屋根中央部の通気を十分に確保することができる。   Further, as shown in FIG. 6 (a), as the ventilation nose bridge 70, a normal nose bridge obtained by digging a through hole 72 is adopted, or as shown in FIG. 6 (b), the ventilation nose bridge 80 is used. The lower surface of a normal nose bridge is preferably cut at a height of 3 to 8 mm to form a through hole 82, or a ventilation nose bridge provided with both through holes is employed. Furthermore, roof tiles are constructed with various ventilation tiles that are similar to the ventilation nose. In this case, it is possible to ensure sufficient ventilation in the center of the roof regardless of the shape of the tile.

(第2形態)
図7は第2形態に係る瓦施工方法によって形成される屋根90の説明図である。屋根90においては平瓦91を施工するが、そのまま野地板92上に施工すると平瓦91の下面全体が野地板92に接し、瓦−野地板通気が確保されないため、縦桟93を平瓦91と野地板92の間に配する。
(Second form)
FIG. 7 is an explanatory view of a roof 90 formed by the tile construction method according to the second embodiment. Although the flat tile 91 is constructed on the roof 90, if the construction is performed on the base plate 92 as it is, the entire lower surface of the flat tile 91 is in contact with the base plate 92 and the ventilation of the tile-field plate is not ensured. And between the ground plate 92.

第2形態に係る瓦施工方法において、まず縦桟93を、野地板92上の軒94および棟部以外にわたり設置する。縦桟93は、ここでは細長いシート状の部材であり、厚さが5mm程度となっている。次に、軒94において、第1形態と同様に貫通孔95を有する通気鼻桟96、ならびに吊子97および平瓦91を、通気鼻桟95に載った吊子97が平瓦91の下辺を支える状態で固定する。   In the roof tile construction method according to the second embodiment, first, the vertical rail 93 is installed over the eaves 94 and the ridge on the base plate 92. The vertical rail 93 is an elongated sheet-like member here, and has a thickness of about 5 mm. Next, in the eaves 94, the ventilation nose bar 96 having the through-hole 95 and the hanging element 97 and the flat roof tile 91 are provided in the same manner as in the first embodiment. Fix in a supported state.

続いて、平瓦91の上辺に吊子97を配し、ともに釘打ちし、別の平瓦91の下辺を載せ、これを繰返す。そして、棟を第1形態と同様に施工する。   Subsequently, a hanging element 97 is arranged on the upper side of the flat roof tile 91, nailed together, a lower side of another flat roof tile 91 is placed, and this is repeated. And a ridge is constructed similarly to the 1st form.

このような屋根90は、軒94における平瓦91と野地板92との間に、軒94側の面から棟側の面への貫通孔95を隣接状態で複数有する通気鼻桟96を渡すとともに、棟における冠瓦と平瓦91との間に、軒94側の面から棟側の面への貫通孔を隣接状態で複数有する通気部材33を渡し、更に平瓦91と野地板92との間に、縦桟93を渡した構造となっている。従って、屋根90では、平瓦91においても、有用な瓦−野地板間通気を、デザインの制限されない状態で、低コストで簡単に、また耐久性十分に確保することができる。なお、屋根90では、横桟を用いず、吊子97によって施工されているので、流れ方向の通気を阻害する要因が少なく、効率的な通気を確保することができる。   Such a roof 90 passes a ventilation nose bridge 96 having a plurality of through-holes 95 adjacent to each other between the flat tile 91 and the base plate 92 of the eave 94 from the eave 94 side surface to the ridge side surface. The ventilation member 33 having a plurality of through holes from the surface on the eave 94 side to the surface on the ridge side is passed between the crown tile and the flat tile 91 in the ridge. It has a structure in which a vertical rail 93 is passed between them. Therefore, in the roof 90, even in the flat tile 91, it is possible to ensure useful ventilation between the tile and the field board easily at a low cost and with sufficient durability without limiting the design. In addition, since the roof 90 is constructed by the hanger 97 without using the horizontal rail, there are few factors that hinder the ventilation in the flow direction, and efficient ventilation can be ensured.

なお、第2形態の変更例として、第1形態と同様のものの他、次に示すようなものがある。縦桟の高さを、1〜10mmという好ましい範囲、またはこれ以外の範囲で変更する。また、縦桟や吊子の瓦当りの数を、1個あるいは3個以上にする。更に、縦桟や吊子の数を異なるものとしたり、横方向の位置を相違させたりする。また更に、平瓦以外の瓦の施工に用いる。また、縦桟の上に瓦桟をのせ、瓦を固定することもできる。   In addition, as a modification of the second embodiment, there are the following as well as the first embodiment. The height of the vertical beam is changed within a preferable range of 1 to 10 mm, or other range. In addition, the number of vertical bars and hanging tiles per roof tile is set to 1 or 3 or more. Further, the number of vertical bars and suspensions is made different, or the positions in the horizontal direction are made different. Furthermore, it is used for construction of tiles other than flat tiles. It is also possible to fix the roof tile by placing it on the vertical rail.

本発明の第1形態に係る瓦施工方法で用いる通気鼻桟の説明図である。It is explanatory drawing of the ventilation nose bar used with the roof tile construction method which concerns on the 1st form of this invention. 本発明の第1形態に係る瓦施工方法で用いる通気面戸の説明図である。It is explanatory drawing of the ventilation face door used with the tile construction method which concerns on the 1st form of this invention. 本発明の第1形態に係る瓦施工方法で用いる通気棟部材の説明図である。It is explanatory drawing of the ventilation ridge member used with the tile construction method which concerns on the 1st form of this invention. 本発明の第1形態に係る屋根構造の斜視説明図である。It is a perspective explanatory view of the roof structure concerning the 1st form of the present invention. 図4におけるA−A断面図である。It is AA sectional drawing in FIG. (a)〜(b)は本発明の変更例に係る瓦施工方法で用いる通気鼻桟の説明図である。(A)-(b) is explanatory drawing of the ventilation nose bar used with the roof tile construction method which concerns on the example of a change of this invention. 本発明の第2形態に係る屋根構造の(a)斜視説明図(b)B−B断面図である。It is (a) perspective explanatory drawing (b) BB sectional drawing of the roof structure concerning the 2nd form of the present invention.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

10,70,80 通気鼻桟(通気軒部材)
16,28,37,95 貫通孔
20 通気面戸(通気軒部材)
30 通気棟部材
32 折板(シート部材)
33 通気部材
50,90 屋根
52 軒瓦
53 瓦
54 冠瓦
55,94 軒
56 棟
58,92 野地板
91 平瓦
93 縦桟
10, 70, 80 Ventilation nose bridge (air vent eaves member)
16, 28, 37, 95 Through hole 20 Vent door (vent member)
30 Ventilation building member 32 Folded plate (sheet member)
33 Ventilation members 50,90 Roof 52 roof tiles 53 tiles 54 crown roof tiles 55,94 houses 56 buildings 58,92 Base plate 91 Flat roof tiles 93 Vertical bars

Claims (6)

野地板の軒側上面に、軒側の面から棟側の面への貫通孔を隣接状態で複数有する長尺直方体状の通気鼻桟を、最下層の貫通孔が野地板上面に連続するように位置する状態で渡し、
軒の瓦を、下部下側に通気鼻桟を有する状態で固定し、
軒の瓦から棟の瓦までを、軒から棟にわたり野地板から離れた空間部分を有する状態で固定し、
棟の瓦の上面に、軒側の面から棟側の面への貫通孔を隣接状態で複数有する通気棟部材を渡し、ここで通気棟部材を、フレキシブルな防水通気シートの両端縁に、下側に防水パッキンを固定した、貫通孔を有する長尺直方体状の通気部材を配置したものとし、
通気棟部材の上側に、冠瓦を載せる
ことを特徴とする瓦施工方法。
A long rectangular parallelepiped vent nose bar with multiple through holes from the eave side surface to the ridge side surface adjacent to the eave side upper surface of the base plate so that the bottom through hole continues to the upper surface of the field plate Pass in the state located in
Fix the eaves tile with a vent nose bar at the bottom lower side,
From the eaves tile to the ridge tile, the space from the eaves to the ridge is separated from the field plate, and fixed.
A ventilation ridge member having a plurality of adjacent through holes from the eave side surface to the ridge side surface is passed to the upper surface of the roof tile of the ridge. Here, the ventilation ridge member is attached to both end edges of the flexible waterproof ventilation sheet. It is assumed that a long rectangular parallelepiped ventilation member having a through hole with a waterproof packing fixed on the side is arranged,
A roof tile construction method characterized by placing a crown roof tile on the upper side of a ventilation building member.
瓦を、軒側の面から棟側の面への貫通孔を隣接状態で複数有する通気瓦桟によって固定する
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の瓦施工方法。
2. The roof tile construction method according to claim 1, wherein the roof tile is fixed by a ventilation roof rail having a plurality of through holes from the eave side surface to the ridge side surface in an adjacent state.
野地板上に縦桟を渡し、その上に瓦を固定する
ことを特徴とする請求項1または請求項2に記載の瓦施工方法。
3. The roof tile construction method according to claim 1, wherein a vertical rail is passed over the base plate and a roof tile is fixed thereon.
瓦が、軒から棟にわたり野地板から離れた空間部分を有する状態で固定されており、
軒における瓦と野地板との間に、軒側の面から棟側の面への貫通孔を隣接状態で複数有する長尺直方体状の通気鼻桟が、最下層の貫通孔が野地板上面に連続するように位置する状態で渡されるとともに、
棟における冠瓦と瓦との間に、軒側の面から棟側の面への貫通孔を隣接状態で複数有する通気棟部材が渡されており、
通気棟部材が、フレキシブルな防水通気シートの両端縁に、下側に防水パッキンを固定した、貫通孔を有する長尺直方体状の通気部材を配置したものとされている
ことを特徴とする屋根構造。
The tile is fixed in a state having a space part away from the field board from the eaves to the building,
Between the roof tile and the field board in the eaves, there is a long rectangular parallelepiped nose bridge with multiple through holes from the eave side surface to the ridge side surface , with the bottom through hole on the top of the field board Passed in a continuous position ,
Between the roof tile and the roof tile in the building, a ventilation building member having a plurality of adjacent through holes from the eave side surface to the building side surface is passed ,
The ventilation wing member is characterized in that a long rectangular parallelepiped ventilation member having a through hole with a waterproof packing fixed to the lower side edge of the flexible waterproof ventilation sheet is disposed. And the roof structure.
瓦が、軒側の面から棟側の面への貫通孔を隣接状態で複数有する通気瓦桟によって固定される
ことを特徴とする請求項4に記載の屋根構造。
The roof structure according to claim 4 , wherein the roof tile is fixed by a ventilated roof tile having a plurality of adjacent through holes from the eave side surface to the building side surface.
瓦が、野地板上に渡された縦桟の上に固定されている
ことを特徴とする請求項4または請求項5に記載の屋根構造。
The roof structure according to claim 4 or 5 , wherein the roof tile is fixed on a vertical rail passed over the field board.
JP2003434360A 2003-12-26 2003-12-26 Tile construction method and roof structure Expired - Fee Related JP3806115B2 (en)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2008082034A (en) * 2006-09-27 2008-04-10 Shinsei:Kk Ventilating ridge structure and ventilating roof structure
JP2008150798A (en) * 2006-12-14 2008-07-03 Ever Kk Split gently-convex plain tile fixing structure and ventilating ridge structure
CN103046698B (en) * 2012-12-29 2015-02-25 陕西省第三建筑工程公司 Method of crack resistance and seepage prevention for concrete roof eave edging in archaized architectures
JP7173722B2 (en) * 2017-03-30 2022-11-16 ケイミュー株式会社 roof structure

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