JP3766477B2 - Pellet for feed, crumble for feed and production method thereof - Google Patents

Pellet for feed, crumble for feed and production method thereof Download PDF

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JP3766477B2
JP3766477B2 JP23502696A JP23502696A JP3766477B2 JP 3766477 B2 JP3766477 B2 JP 3766477B2 JP 23502696 A JP23502696 A JP 23502696A JP 23502696 A JP23502696 A JP 23502696A JP 3766477 B2 JP3766477 B2 JP 3766477B2
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feed
weight
pellets
processed food
parts
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JPH1075719A (en
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進 郡司
隆一 東
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Marubeni Nisshin Feed Co Ltd
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Marubeni Nisshin Feed Co Ltd
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/80Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
    • Y02P60/87Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production

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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は高水分含量の植物性加工食品残渣を有効利用した飼料用ペレット及びこれを粗砕した飼料用クランブル、ならびにそれらの製造法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来、豆乳粕、おから、酒粕、焼酎粕、ウイスキー粕などの植物性加工食品残渣は、食品工業における副産物として安価に入手することができるため、飼料原料として用いられているが、その高い水分含量(通常75〜90重量%)のために黴が発生しやすく、また物流費が多くかかると云う問題があった。一方、斯かる植物性加工食品残渣を乾燥させるためにはそのコストが高くつき、採算が採れないものであった。
【0003】
そこで、近年斯かる高水分含量の植物性加工食品残渣に低水分の有機物を混合して中水分化せしめて飼料を製造する方法、例えば豆腐粕、ビール粕、焼酎粕、酒類粕、リンゴ粕、ミカン粕、キャベツ粕、大根葉屑、トマト屑、白菜屑などの高水分有機物と、籾殻、稲藁、麦藁、蒸煮木材などの低水分粗繊維物とを混合して、新たな熱源を使用しないで中水分化し、必要に応じて米糠、大豆粕などの一般原料を添加して、ペレット状の飼料とする方法(特開昭63−102640号公報);水分75〜80%の高水分ビール粕と水分5〜10%の乾燥したビール粕を混合して、水分56〜60%の中水分状態に調整した後、単段又は複数段で成形し、その成形物を低温の温風で乾燥して水分5〜10%にすることによってビール粕を乾燥し、必要に応じて糖蜜、ビール酵母、コンニャク飛粉、炭酸カルシウム、フスマ等を混合して飼料とする方法(特開平3−72848号公報);あるいはビール粕、おから、野菜類などの高水分の含水有機物と、籾殻、わらなどの低水分の含水有機物とからなる被乾燥物を混合して圧縮し、圧縮により発生する摩擦熱を用いて中水分化し、これを単段又は複数段の成形機にて細粒状に成形し、その成形物を特定の方法により2段階乾燥処理して飼料とする方法(特開昭63−153383号公報)が報告されている。
【0004】
然しながら、これらの方法によっても、得られる飼料中の植物性加工食品残渣の乾物換算含有率はせいぜい10重量%程度が限度であり、かつ得られる成形物も硬くしかも崩れ易い等の欠点を有し、何れも飼料として未だ植物性加工食品残渣を効率的に有効利用し得なかったのが、実状であった。
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
斯かる実状に於て、本発明者は高水分含量の植物性加工食品残渣を効率的に有効利用し、当該残渣を乾物換算で10重量%以上含有する嗜好性の良好な飼料用ペレットを提供することを目的として種々研究を行なったところ、未乾燥の植物性加工食品残渣を40重量%以上配合すれば、乾物換算による植物性加工食品残渣の含有率が10重量%以上となるが、単に未乾燥の植物性加工食品残渣を40重量%以上含有する混合物を造粒しようとしても、高水分の故にペレットダイから混合物が押出されず造粒が不可能であること;他方、植物性加工食品残渣を予め乾燥すれば、乾物換算で10重量%以上含有させることはできるが、乾燥処理は前述の如く、コスト高となると共に、該乾燥後造粒すると、硬度が11を超えて硬く、嗜好性が劣ったものとなったり、あるいはPDI(Pellet Durability Index)が9.4を下回り、粉状化し易いものとなることが判明した。
【0006】
そこで、更に研究を重ねた結果、未乾燥の植物性加工食品残渣と糟糠類との混合物を加熱処理し、該混合物を乾燥して、更に未乾燥の植物性加工食品残渣と混合の上、造粒すれば、植物性加工食品残渣を乾物換算で10重量%以上と高率で含有せしめることができると共に、硬度が適度で嗜好性の良い、しかも粉状化しにくいペレットが得られることを見い出し、本発明を完成した。
【0007】
【課題を解決するための手段】
すなわち、本発明は、乾物換算で10重量%以上の植物性加工食品残渣と残余量の糟糖類とを主成分とし、かつ硬度3〜11及びPDI9.4〜9.9の物性を有する飼料用ペレット及びそれを粗砕した飼料用クランブル;含水率75〜90重量%の植物性加工食品残渣20〜40重量部と糟糠類80〜60重量部とを混合して加熱処理した後乾燥して乾燥物を得、次いで該乾燥物80〜60重量部と含水率75〜90重量%の植物性加工食品残渣20〜40重量部とを混合し造粒することを特徴とする飼料用ペレットの製造法;及び当該方法で得られた飼料用ペレット80〜60重量部と含水率75〜90重量%の植物性加工食品残渣20〜40重量部とを混合し造粒することを特徴とする飼料用ペレットの製造法及びこれらの飼料用ペレットを粗砕することを特徴とする飼料用クランブルの製造法である。
【0008】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明に於ける植物性加工食品残渣は、食品工業において副産物として排出されるもので、75〜90重量%の含水率を有し、通常は排出された状態(未乾燥)のまま使用される。斯かる植物性加工食品残渣としては、例えば豆乳粕、おから、酒粕、焼酎粕、ウイスキー粕、ビール粕、納豆煮汁粕等が挙げられ、これらは単独又は2種以上を適宜組み合せて使用することができる。
【0009】
本発明に用いられる糟糠類としては、例えば末粉、小麦フスマ、小麦胚芽、米ぬか、脱脂米ぬか、グルテンフィード、グルテンミール等が挙げられ、これらは単独又は2種以上を適宜組み合せて使用することができる。
【0010】
上記のとおり、本発明に用いられる原料は植物性加工食品残渣及び糟糠類であるが、その他にとうもろこし、コーンスターチ、小麦、大麦、えん麦などの穀類やこれらの粉末を適宜添加配合することにより、本発明の飼料用ペレット及びその粗砕物である飼料用クランブルの物性や嗜好性をより良好なものとすることができる。
【0011】
本発明の飼料用ペレットは、硬度3〜11及びPDI9.4〜9.9の物性を有するものであり、このまま給餌してもよいし、粗砕してクランブル状として給餌してもよいが、幼動物の場合はクランブル状として給餌する方がより好ましい。ここで、硬度が3未満であると軟らかすぎ、また11を超えるとペレットが硬くなり、いずれも家畜などによる嗜好性が低下する。また、PDIが9.4未満であると、ペレットは崩れやすくなって粉状化しやすく、家畜などの嗜好性が低下する。特に粉砕や運搬などにより粉状化しやすい。また9.9を超えると硬すぎて飼料として適さなくなる。
【0012】
そして、本発明の飼料用ペレット及び飼料用クランブルは、家畜にとって栄養価の高い植物性加工食品残渣を乾物換算で10重量%以上、特に好ましくは10〜25重量%含有するため、蛋白質含量が高く、しかも必要に応じてビタミン、ミネラルなどの微量原料を配合することによって、完全飼料として単独で家畜等に給餌することができる。
【0013】
本発明の飼料用ペレットの製造法における加熱処理工程は、植物性加工食品残渣と糟糠類との混合物が温度80〜150℃の状態に1〜10分間さらされるような処理方法であればいずれの方法でもよいが、特にペレットミル、エクストルーダー等の成形機を用いて加熱と成形とを同時に行なう方法が好適である。
【0014】
本発明に於て、加熱処理後の混合物の乾燥は、含水率が5〜15重量%になるように、例えば振動流動層乾燥機によって行なうのが好ましい。また、該混合物がペレットなどの粒状に成形されている場合は、ペレットクーラーなどを用いて乾燥することができる。
【0015】
本発明において、上記の乾燥物に高水分含量の植物性加工食品残渣を混合した混合物の造粒操作としては、ペレットミル、エクストルーダー等の成形機を用いて、ペレット状にすることによって好適に行なうことができる。
【0016】
【実施例】
以下実施例を挙げて本発明を更に説明する。
尚、以下に挙げる例において、硬度及びPDIは次のようにして求めた値である。
硬度
木屋式デジタル硬度計KHT−20型を用いて、ペレットの正常粒を、硬度計の加圧面(直径5mm)にペレットの亀裂部分が当たらないように試料台の上に横倒しに乗せたのち、加圧速度1mm/secにてペレットを押しつぶし、砕けたときの加重(単位:kg)を読み取る。この操作をペレット20粒について行い、得られた平均値を硬度とした。
PDI
ペレット500gを正確に量りStroupの粉化率試験機に入れて、1分間50回転にて10分間回転させた。回転後のペレットを目開き5.5mmの篩で30秒間篩分けし、篩上に残ったペレットの重量を測定し、下記の式によりPDIを求めた。
【0017】
【数1】

Figure 0003766477
【0018】
実施例1
豆乳粕(含水率85重量%)35重量部及び末粉65重量部を混合し、これを口径6mm、厚さ20mmのダイを装着した上田鉄工(株)製ペレットミルを用いて押出し、長さ10〜12mmに切断したのち、振動流動層乾燥機を用いて60℃の温風で3時間乾燥させて、次いでそのまま冷風をあてて冷却してペレット(含水率8重量%)を得た。次に、このペレット65重量部と上記豆乳粕35重量部を混合し、上記と同様にしてペレットを製造した。このようにして得られたペレットの植物性加工食品残渣乾物換算含有率は15.8重量%であり、またその硬度は9.3、PDIは9.7であった。
【0019】
比較例1
実施例1で得られたペレットと同じ原料配合割合になるように、予め乾燥し粉砕した豆乳粕(含水率12重量%)16重量部及び末粉84重量部を混合し、これを口径6mm、厚さ20mmのダイを装着した上田鉄工(株)製ペレットミルを用いて18重量部の水蒸気を添加しながら更に混合し、長さ10〜12mmのペレットを得た。このようにして得られたペレットの植物性加工食品残渣乾物換算含有率は16.0重量%であり、またその硬度は11.5、PDIは8.4であった。
【0020】
比較例2
実施例1で得られたペレットと同じ原料配合割合になるように、豆乳粕(含水率85重量%)52重量部及び末粉48重量部を混合し、これを口径6mm、厚さ20mmのダイを装着した上田鉄工(株)製ペレットミルを用いて混合物を押し出そうとしたが、混合物がペレットミルより押し出されず、ペレット化することができなかった。
【0021】
試験例1
平均体重40kgの豚6頭を供試豚とし、実施例1のペレットを粗砕してクランブル状としたもの20重量部及びDXコロフード〔日清製粉(株)製子豚用粉末配合飼料〕80重量部を混合した飼料と、比較例1のペレットを粗砕してクランブル状としたもの20重量部及びDXコロフード80重量部を混合した飼料とを、別々の容器に入れて6日間不断給餌し、その食下量を毎日測定した。その1日(6頭)あたりの平均食下量(kg)は、下記の表1に示すとおりであった。
【0022】
【表1】
Figure 0003766477
【0023】
実施例2
実施例1において、末粉の代わりにグルテンミールを用いたほかは、実施例1と同様にしてペレットを製造した。このようにして得られたペレットの植物性加工食品残渣乾物換算含有率は15.7重量%であり、またその硬度は6.3、PDIは9.4であった。
【0024】
比較例3
比較例1において、末粉の代わりにグルテンミールを用いたほかは、比較例1と同様にしてペレットを製造した。このようにして得られたペレットの植物性加工食品残渣乾物換算含有率は16.0重量%であり、またその硬度は14.3、PDIは9.9であった。
【0025】
試験例2
平均体重40kgの豚6頭を供試豚とし、実施例2のペレットを粗砕してクランブル状としたもの20重量部及びDXコロフード80重量部を混合した飼料と、比較例3のペレットを粗砕してクランブル状としたもの20重量部及びDXコロフード80重量部を混合した飼料とを、別々の容器に入れて6日間不断給餌し、その食下量を毎日測定した。その1日(6頭)あたりの平均摂取量(kg)は、下記の表2に示すとおりであった。
【0026】
【表2】
Figure 0003766477
【0027】
実施例3
実施例1において、末粉の代わりに小麦フスマを用いたほかは、実施例1と同様にしてペレットを製造した。このようにして得られたペレットの植物性加工食品残渣乾物換算含有率は15.8重量%であり、またその硬度は6.1、PDIは9.5であった。
【0028】
比較例4
比較例1において、末粉の代わりに小麦フスマを用いたほかは、比較例1と同様にしてペレットを製造した。このようにして得られたペレットの植物性加工食品残渣乾物換算含有率は16.0重量%であり、またその硬度は6.8、PDIは7.7であった。
【0029】
試験例3
平均体重40kgの豚6頭を供試豚とし、実施例3のペレットを粗砕してクランブル状としたもの20重量部及びDXコロフード80重量部を混合した飼料と、比較例4のペレットを粗砕してクランブル状としたもの20重量部及びDXコロフード80重量部を混合した飼料とを、別々の容器に入れて6日間不断給餌し、その食下量を毎日測定した。その1日(6頭)あたりの平均摂取量(kg)は、下記の表3に示すとおりであった。
【0030】
【表3】
Figure 0003766477
【0031】
実施例4
実施例1において、豆乳粕の代わりに焼酎粕(含水率約90重量%)を用いたほかは、実施例1と同様にしてペレットを製造した。このようにして得られたペレットの植物性加工食品残渣乾物換算含有率は12.1重量%であり、またその硬度は9.9、PDIは9.5であった。
【0032】
実施例5
実施例4で製造されたペレット65重量部及び上記焼酎粕35重量部を混合し、この混合物を口径6mm、厚さ20mmのダイを装着した上田鉄鋼(株)製ペレットミルを用いて押出し、長さ10〜12mmに切断する。次にこのペレットを振動流動層乾燥機を用いて60℃の温風で3時間乾燥し、次いでそのまま冷風を当てながら冷却してペレットを得た。このようにして得られたペレットの植物性加工食品残渣乾物換算含有率は17.3重量%であり、またその硬度は8.0、PDIは9.5であった。
【0033】
実施例6
実施例1において、豆乳粕の代わりに焼酎粕(含水率約90重量%)を用い、末粉の代わりにグルテンミールを用いたほかは、実施例1と同様にしてペレットを製造した。このようにして得られたペレットの植物性加工食品残渣乾物換算含有率は12.0重量%であり、またその硬度は3.7、PDIは9.6であった。
【0034】
実施例7
実施例1において、豆乳粕の代わりに上記焼酎粕を用い、末粉の代わりに小麦フスマを用いたほかは、実施例と同様にしてペレットを製造した。このようにして得られたペレットの植物性加工食品残渣乾物換算含有率は12.3重量%であり、またその硬度は10.5、PDIは9.6であった。
【0035】
実施例8
実施例7で製造されたペレット65重量部及び上記焼酎粕35重量部を混合し、この混合物を口径6mm、厚さ20mmのダイを装着した上田鉄工(株)製ペレットミルを用いて押出し、長さ10〜12mmに切断する。次にこのペレットを振動流動層乾燥機を用いて60℃の温風で3時間乾燥し、次いでそのまま冷風を当てながら冷却してペレット(含水率8重量%)を得た。このようにして得られたペレットの植物性加工食品残渣乾物換算含有率は17.2重量%であり、またその硬度は7.2、PDIは9.5であった。
【0036】
実施例9
実施例1において、豆乳粕の代わりにビール粕(含水率約80重量%)を用いたほかは、実施例1と同様にしてペレットを製造した。このようにして得られたペレットの植物性加工食品残渣乾物換算含有率は20.2重量%であり、またその硬度は5.3、PDIは9.5であった。
【0037】
比較例5
実施例9で得られたペレットと同じ原料配合割合になるように、上記ビール粕53重量部及び末粉47重量部を混合し、この混合物を口径6mm、厚さ20mmのダイを装着した上田鉄工(株)製ペレットミルを用いて押し出したが、押し出された混合物がすぐに崩壊して、円柱状のペレットを製造することができなかった。
【0038】
実施例10
実施例1において、豆乳粕の代わりに酒粕(含水率約78重量%)を用いたほかは、実施例と同様にしてペレットを製造した。このようにして得られたペレットの植物性加工食品残渣乾物換算含有率は21.9重量%であり、またその硬度は9.3、PDIは9.6であった。
【0039】
実施例11
実施例1において、豆乳粕の代わりに上記酒粕を用い、末粉の代わりにグルテンミールを用いたほかは、実施例10と同様にしてペレットを製造した。このようにして得られたペレットの植物性加工食品残渣乾物換算含有率は21.8重量%であり、またその硬度は9.2、PDIは9.5であった。
【0040】
以上の結果から、実施例1〜11に示したように、本発明の飼料用ペレットは、硬度が3〜11であり家畜等にとって摂取しやすいばかりでなく、PDIが9.4〜9.9であるので輸送行程などで粉化しにくく取り扱いやすい飼料用ペレットであることが明らかである。他方、従来の方法で植物性加工食品残渣を多量に配合しようとした場合、予め乾燥した植物性加工食品残渣を用いると、比較例1、3、4のとおり、硬度やPDIを満足しないペレットができ、また乾燥していない植物性加工食品残渣を多量に混合して一度で成形しようとしても比較例2、5のとおり造粒できないことが明らかである。
【0041】
【発明の効果】
本発明飼料用ペレット及び飼料用クランブルは、硬度が適度で嗜好性が良く、しかも粉状化しにくい特性を有するものであり、また本発明製造方法によれば、植物性加工食品残渣を乾物換算で10重量%以上と高率で含有せしめることができるので、植物性加工食品残渣を効率的に有効利用し得ると共に、当該特性を有する飼料用ペレット及び飼料用クランブルを効率的に製造することができる。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a feed pellet using a vegetable processed food residue having a high water content effectively, a crumble for feed obtained by roughly pulverizing the pellet, and a production method thereof.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, vegetable processed food residues such as soy milk lees, okara, sake lees, shochu, whiskey lees, etc. have been used as feed materials because they can be obtained at low cost as by-products in the food industry, but their high moisture content Due to the content (usually 75 to 90% by weight), there was a problem that wrinkles were likely to occur and the distribution cost was high. On the other hand, in order to dry such a vegetable processed food residue, the cost was high and it was not profitable.
[0003]
Therefore, in recent years, a method for producing a feed by mixing a low-moisture organic substance with such a high-moisture processed vegetable food residue to make it medium moisture, such as tofu lees, beer lees, shochu, liquor lees, apple lees, Mix high-moisture organic substances such as mandarin orange, cabbage, radish leaf, tomato, and Chinese cabbage with low-moisture crude fiber such as rice husk, rice straw, wheat straw, and steamed wood, and do not use a new heat source. A method for making pelletized feed by adding general raw materials such as rice bran and soybean koji if necessary (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 63-102640); high moisture beer lees with a moisture content of 75-80% And dried beer lees with a moisture content of 5 to 10%, adjusted to a medium moisture state with a moisture content of 56 to 60%, and then molded in a single stage or multiple stages, and the molded product is dried with low-temperature hot air. To dry the beer cake by making the moisture 5-10%. Depending on the method, a method of mixing molasses, brewer's yeast, konjac flying powder, calcium carbonate, bran and the like into a feed (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 3-72848); or high water content such as beer lees, okara and vegetables The dried material consisting of organic matter and low-moisture organic matter such as rice husk and straw is mixed and compressed, and converted into water using frictional heat generated by compression, and this is converted into a single-stage or multi-stage molding machine. A method of forming a finely granulated product and drying the molded product into a feed by a two-step drying process using a specific method has been reported (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 63-153383).
[0004]
However, even by these methods, the dry matter equivalent content of the processed vegetable food residue in the feed obtained is limited to about 10% by weight at most, and the obtained molded product is hard and easily broken. In either case, the actual condition was that the processed vegetable food residue could not be efficiently used as feed.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In such a situation, the present inventor efficiently uses a vegetable processed food residue having a high water content, and provides a feed pellet having good palatability containing 10% by weight or more of the residue in terms of dry matter. As a result of various researches for the purpose of doing so, if an undried vegetable processed food residue is added in an amount of 40% by weight or more, the content of the vegetable processed food residue in terms of dry matter becomes 10% by weight or more. Even if an attempt is made to granulate a mixture containing 40% by weight or more of an undried vegetable processed food residue, the mixture is not extruded from the pellet die because of the high moisture content and cannot be granulated; If the residue is dried in advance, it can be contained in an amount of 10% by weight or more in terms of dry matter. However, as described above, the drying treatment is costly and, when granulated after the drying, the hardness is more than 11 and is hard to taste. Inferior Or a thing, or PDI (Pellet Durability Index) is below 9.4, was found to be as easy to pulverization.
[0006]
Therefore, as a result of further research, a mixture of undried vegetable processed food residue and moss was heat-treated, the mixture was dried, further mixed with undried vegetable processed food residue, and then prepared. When it is granulated, it can be found that a vegetable processed food residue can be contained at a high rate of 10% by weight or more in terms of dry matter, and a pellet having a moderate hardness, good palatability, and difficult to powder, is obtained. The present invention has been completed.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
That is, the present invention is for feeds having as a main component a vegetable processed food residue of 10% by weight or more in terms of dry matter and a residual amount of sucrose, and having physical properties of hardness 3-11 and PDI 9.4-9.9. Pellets and crumbles for crushed feed; 20 to 40 parts by weight of vegetable processed food residue having a water content of 75 to 90% by weight and 80 to 60 parts by weight of moss are mixed with heat, dried and dried And then granulating by mixing 80 to 60 parts by weight of the dried product and 20 to 40 parts by weight of a vegetable processed food residue having a moisture content of 75 to 90% by weight. And 80 to 60 parts by weight of pellets for feed obtained by the method and 20 to 40 parts by weight of vegetable processed food residue having a moisture content of 75 to 90% by weight are mixed and granulated. Manufacturing method and feed pellets A method for producing feed crumble, which comprises granulating the door.
[0008]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The vegetable processed food residue in the present invention is discharged as a by-product in the food industry, has a moisture content of 75 to 90% by weight, and is usually used as discharged (undried). . Examples of such vegetable processed food residues include soy milk cake, okara, sake lees, shochu, whiskey lees, beer lees, natto soup lees, etc., and these may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Can do.
[0009]
Examples of the moss used in the present invention include powder, wheat bran, wheat germ, rice bran, defatted rice bran, gluten feed, gluten meal and the like, and these may be used alone or in combination of two or more. it can.
[0010]
As described above, the raw materials used in the present invention are vegetable processed food residues and potatoes, but other cereals such as corn, corn starch, wheat, barley, oats, and their powders can be added and blended as appropriate. The physical properties and palatability of the feed pellets of the invention and the crude crumble of the feed can be improved.
[0011]
The feed pellet of the present invention has physical properties of hardness 3 to 11 and PDI 9.4 to 9.9, and may be fed as it is, or may be coarsely crushed and fed as crumble, In the case of juvenile animals, it is more preferable to feed them as crumbles. Here, if the hardness is less than 3, it is too soft, and if it exceeds 11, the pellets become hard, and the palatability by livestock or the like decreases. On the other hand, if the PDI is less than 9.4, the pellets are liable to collapse and become powdery, and the preference for livestock is reduced. In particular, it is easily pulverized by pulverization or transportation. Moreover, when it exceeds 9.9, it will be too hard to be suitable as a feed.
[0012]
The feed pellet and the feed crumble of the present invention contain 10% by weight or more, particularly preferably 10 to 25% by weight, in terms of dry matter, of a vegetable processed food residue that is highly nutritious for livestock, and therefore has a high protein content. In addition, if necessary, it is possible to feed livestock and the like alone as a complete feed by adding trace amounts of raw materials such as vitamins and minerals.
[0013]
The heat treatment step in the method for producing feed pellets of the present invention may be any treatment method as long as the mixture of the vegetable processed food residue and the moss is exposed to a temperature of 80 to 150 ° C. for 1 to 10 minutes. Although a method may be used, a method in which heating and molding are simultaneously performed using a molding machine such as a pellet mill or an extruder is particularly preferable.
[0014]
In the present invention, the mixture after the heat treatment is preferably dried by, for example, a vibrating fluidized bed dryer so that the water content is 5 to 15% by weight. In addition, when the mixture is formed into pellets or the like, it can be dried using a pellet cooler or the like.
[0015]
In the present invention, the granulation operation of the mixture obtained by mixing the above-mentioned dried product with a vegetable processed food residue having a high water content is preferably made into a pellet using a molding machine such as a pellet mill or an extruder. Can be done.
[0016]
【Example】
The following examples further illustrate the present invention.
In the examples given below, the hardness and PDI are values determined as follows.
Hardness Using a Kiya type digital hardness tester KHT-20, lay the normal grains of the pellet on the sample table so that the cracked part of the pellet does not hit the pressure surface of the hardness tester (diameter 5 mm). After loading, crush the pellets at a pressing speed of 1 mm / sec and read the weight (unit: kg) when crushed. This operation was performed on 20 pellets, and the average value obtained was defined as hardness.
PDI
500 g of pellets were accurately weighed and placed in a Stroup powder rate tester and rotated for 10 minutes at 50 rpm for 1 minute. The pellet after rotation was sieved with a sieve having an opening of 5.5 mm for 30 seconds, the weight of the pellet remaining on the sieve was measured, and PDI was determined by the following formula.
[0017]
[Expression 1]
Figure 0003766477
[0018]
Example 1
35 parts by weight of soy milk cake (water content 85% by weight) and 65 parts by weight of powder are mixed and extruded using a pellet mill manufactured by Ueda Tekko Co., Ltd. equipped with a die having a diameter of 6 mm and a thickness of 20 mm. After cutting to 10-12 mm, it was dried for 3 hours with hot air at 60 ° C. using a vibrating fluidized bed dryer, and then cooled by applying cold air as it was to obtain pellets (water content 8 wt%). Next, 65 parts by weight of the pellets and 35 parts by weight of the soy milk cake were mixed to produce pellets in the same manner as described above. The pellets thus obtained had a dry processed vegetable residue content of 15.8% by weight, a hardness of 9.3, and a PDI of 9.7.
[0019]
Comparative Example 1
16 parts by weight of soy milk cake (moisture content 12% by weight) previously dried and pulverized and 84 parts by weight of powder were mixed so that the same raw material blending ratio as the pellets obtained in Example 1 was obtained. Using a pellet mill manufactured by Ueda Tekko Co., Ltd. equipped with a die having a thickness of 20 mm, mixing was further performed while adding 18 parts by weight of water vapor to obtain pellets having a length of 10 to 12 mm. The pellets thus obtained had a dry processed vegetable residue content of 16.0% by weight, a hardness of 11.5, and a PDI of 8.4.
[0020]
Comparative Example 2
Soymilk koji (moisture content 85% by weight) 52 parts by weight and powdery powder 48 parts by weight were mixed so as to have the same raw material mixing ratio as the pellets obtained in Example 1, and this was mixed with a die having a diameter of 6 mm and a thickness of 20 mm. The mixture was tried to be extruded using a pellet mill manufactured by Ueda Iron Works Co., Ltd., but the mixture was not extruded from the pellet mill and could not be pelletized.
[0021]
Test example 1
6 pigs with an average weight of 40 kg were used as test pigs, 20 parts by weight of the pellets of Example 1 were crushed and crumbled, and DX Kolofood (Nisshin Flour Milling Co., Ltd. powdered feed for piglets) 80 Feeds mixed with parts by weight and feeds mixed with 20 parts by weight of the pellets of Comparative Example 1 and crumbly crumbled and 80 parts by weight of DX roller food are placed in separate containers and fed continuously for 6 days. The amount of meals was measured daily. The average amount of meal (kg) per day (6 animals) was as shown in Table 1 below.
[0022]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003766477
[0023]
Example 2
In Example 1, pellets were produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that gluten meal was used instead of the powder. The pellets thus obtained had a dry processed vegetable residue content of 15.7% by weight, a hardness of 6.3, and a PDI of 9.4.
[0024]
Comparative Example 3
In Comparative Example 1, pellets were produced in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1, except that gluten meal was used instead of the powder. The pellets thus obtained had a dry processed vegetable residue content of 16.0% by weight, a hardness of 14.3, and a PDI of 9.9.
[0025]
Test example 2
6 pigs with an average body weight of 40 kg were used as test pigs, and the pellets of Example 2 were coarsely crushed into a crumbled form and mixed with 20 parts by weight of DX kolo food and 80 parts by weight of DX kolo food, and the pellets of Comparative Example 3 were coarsened. The crushed and crumbled 20 parts by weight and the feed prepared by mixing 80 parts by weight of DX roller food were placed in separate containers and fed continuously for 6 days, and the amount of food consumed was measured every day. The average intake (kg) per day (6 animals) was as shown in Table 2 below.
[0026]
[Table 2]
Figure 0003766477
[0027]
Example 3
In Example 1, pellets were produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that wheat bran was used instead of the powder. The pellets thus obtained had a dry processed vegetable residue content of 15.8% by weight, a hardness of 6.1, and a PDI of 9.5.
[0028]
Comparative Example 4
In Comparative Example 1, pellets were produced in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1, except that wheat bran was used instead of the powder. The pellets thus obtained had a dry processed vegetable residue content of 16.0% by weight, a hardness of 6.8, and a PDI of 7.7.
[0029]
Test example 3
6 pigs with an average body weight of 40 kg were used as test pigs, and the pellets of Example 3 were roughly crushed into 20% by weight of crumbled and 80 parts by weight of DX kolo food, and the pellets of Comparative Example 4 were coarsened. The crushed and crumbled 20 parts by weight and the feed prepared by mixing 80 parts by weight of DX roller food were placed in separate containers and fed continuously for 6 days, and the amount of food consumed was measured every day. The average intake (kg) per day (6 animals) was as shown in Table 3 below.
[0030]
[Table 3]
Figure 0003766477
[0031]
Example 4
In Example 1, pellets were produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that shochu (water content: about 90% by weight) was used instead of soymilk koji. The pellets thus obtained had a dry processed vegetable residue content of 12.1% by weight, a hardness of 9.9, and a PDI of 9.5.
[0032]
Example 5
65 parts by weight of the pellets produced in Example 4 and 35 parts by weight of the above shochu were mixed, and this mixture was extruded using a pellet mill manufactured by Ueda Steel Corporation equipped with a die having a diameter of 6 mm and a thickness of 20 mm. Cut to 10-12 mm. Next, the pellets were dried with hot air at 60 ° C. for 3 hours using a vibrating fluidized bed dryer, and then cooled while applying cold air as they were to obtain pellets. The pellets thus obtained had a dry processed vegetable residue equivalent content of 17.3% by weight, a hardness of 8.0, and a PDI of 9.5.
[0033]
Example 6
In Example 1, pellets were produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that shochu (water content: about 90% by weight) was used instead of soymilk koji, and gluten meal was used instead of powdered powder. The pellets thus obtained had a dry processed vegetable residue content of 12.0% by weight, a hardness of 3.7, and a PDI of 9.6.
[0034]
Example 7
In Example 1, pellets were produced in the same manner as in Example except that the above shochu was used instead of the soymilk koji and the wheat bran was used instead of the powder. The pellets thus obtained had a dry processed vegetable residue content of 12.3% by weight, a hardness of 10.5, and a PDI of 9.6.
[0035]
Example 8
65 parts by weight of the pellets produced in Example 7 and 35 parts by weight of the above shochu were mixed, and this mixture was extruded using a pellet mill manufactured by Ueda Tekko Co., Ltd. equipped with a die having a diameter of 6 mm and a thickness of 20 mm. Cut to 10-12 mm. Next, the pellets were dried with hot air at 60 ° C. for 3 hours using a vibrating fluidized bed dryer, and then cooled while applying cold air as they were to obtain pellets (water content 8 wt%). The pellets thus obtained had a dry processed vegetable residue content of 17.2% by weight, a hardness of 7.2, and a PDI of 9.5.
[0036]
Example 9
In Example 1, pellets were produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that beer cake (water content of about 80% by weight) was used instead of soymilk cake. The pellets thus obtained had a dry processed vegetable residue content of 20.2% by weight, a hardness of 5.3, and a PDI of 9.5.
[0037]
Comparative Example 5
Ueda Tekko Co., Ltd. was mixed with 53 parts by weight of the beer cake and 47 parts by weight of the powder so as to have the same raw material mixing ratio as the pellets obtained in Example 9, and this mixture was equipped with a die having a diameter of 6 mm and a thickness of 20 mm. Extrusion was performed using a pellet mill manufactured by Co., Ltd., but the extruded mixture immediately collapsed, making it impossible to produce cylindrical pellets.
[0038]
Example 10
In Example 1, pellets were produced in the same manner as in Example except that sake lees (water content: about 78% by weight) were used instead of soymilk lees. The pellets obtained in this manner had a dry processed vegetable residue content of 21.9% by weight, a hardness of 9.3, and a PDI of 9.6.
[0039]
Example 11
In Example 1, pellets were produced in the same manner as in Example 10 except that the sake lees were used in place of the soy milk cake and gluten meal was used in place of the powder. The pellets thus obtained had a dry processed vegetable residue content of 21.8% by weight, a hardness of 9.2, and a PDI of 9.5.
[0040]
From the above results, as shown in Examples 1 to 11, the feed pellets of the present invention have a hardness of 3 to 11 and are not only easily consumed by livestock, but also have a PDI of 9.4 to 9.9. Therefore, it is clear that it is a pellet for feed that is difficult to be pulverized in the transportation process and is easy to handle. On the other hand, when trying to add a large amount of vegetable processed food residue by a conventional method, if a vegetable processed food residue dried in advance is used, as in Comparative Examples 1, 3, and 4, pellets that do not satisfy hardness or PDI are obtained. It is apparent that granulation is not possible as in Comparative Examples 2 and 5, even if a large amount of vegetable processed food residue that has not been dried is mixed and formed once.
[0041]
【The invention's effect】
The feed pellets and feed crumbles of the present invention have moderate hardness, good palatability, and properties that are difficult to be pulverized, and according to the production method of the present invention, vegetable processed food residues are converted into dry matter. Since it can be contained at a high rate of 10% by weight or more, the vegetable processed food residue can be efficiently used effectively, and feed pellets and feed crumbles having the characteristics can be efficiently produced. .

Claims (9)

乾物換算で10重量%以上の植物性加工食品残渣と残余量の糟糠類とを主成分とし、かつ硬度3〜11及びPDI9.4〜9.9の物性を有することを特徴とする飼料用ペレット。Feed pellets comprising as a main component a vegetable processed food residue of 10% by weight or more in terms of dry matter and a residual amount of moss, and having physical properties of hardness 3 to 11 and PDI 9.4 to 9.9 . 請求項1の飼料用ペレットを粗砕して得られる飼料用クランブル。The crumble for feed obtained by roughly crushing the pellet for feed of Claim 1. 植物性加工食品残渣が豆乳粕、おから、酒粕、焼酎粕、ウイスキー粕、ビール粕、納豆煮汁粕からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種であることを特徴とする請求項1〜2の何れか1項記載の飼料用ペレット又は飼料用クランブル。The vegetable processed food residue is at least one selected from the group consisting of soy milk cake, okara, sake lees, shochu, whiskey lees, beer lees, and natto boiled lees. 2. Feed pellets or feed crumbles according to item 1. 糟糠類が末粉、小麦フスマ、小麦胚芽、米ぬか、脱脂米ぬか、グルテンフィード、グルテンミールからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種であることを特徴とする請求項1〜3の何れか1項記載の飼料用ペレット又は飼料用クランブル。The moss is at least one selected from the group consisting of powder, wheat bran, wheat germ, rice bran, defatted rice bran, gluten feed, and gluten meal. Feed pellets or feed crumble. 植物性加工食品残渣の乾物換算含有率が10〜25重量%であることを特徴とする請求項1〜4の何れか1項記載の飼料用ペレット又は飼料用クランブル。The feed pellet or the feed crumble according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the dry processed food residue of the vegetable processed food residue is 10 to 25% by weight. 含水率75〜90重量%の植物性加工食品残渣20〜40重量部と糟糠類80〜60重量部とを混合して加熱処理した後乾燥して乾燥物を得、次いで該乾燥物80〜60重量部と含水率75〜90重量%の植物性加工食品残渣20〜40重量部とを混合し造粒することを特徴とする飼料用ペレットの製造法。20 to 40 parts by weight of a vegetable processed food residue having a water content of 75 to 90% by weight and 80 to 60 parts by weight of moss are mixed and heat-treated and dried to obtain a dried product, and then the dried product 80 to 60 A method for producing pellets for feed, comprising mixing and granulating 20 parts by weight of a vegetable processed food residue having a water content of 75 to 90% by weight. 請求項6で得られる飼料用ペレットを粗砕することを特徴とする飼料用クランブルの製造法。A method for producing a crumble for feed, wherein the pellet for feed obtained in claim 6 is roughly crushed. 乾燥物の含水率を5〜15重量%に調整することを特徴とする請求項6〜7の何れか1項記載の飼料用ペレット又は飼料用クランブルの製造法。The method for producing pellets for feed or crumble for feed according to any one of claims 6 to 7, wherein the moisture content of the dried product is adjusted to 5 to 15% by weight. 請求項6〜8の何れか1項で得られた飼料用ペレット又は飼料用クランブル80〜60重量部と、含水率75〜90重量%の植物性加工食品残渣20〜40重量部とを混合し、造粒することを特徴とする飼料用ペレットの製造法。80 to 60 parts by weight of feed pellets or crumble for feed obtained in any one of claims 6 to 8 and 20 to 40 parts by weight of vegetable processed food residue having a moisture content of 75 to 90% by weight are mixed. A method for producing feed pellets, characterized by granulation.
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