JP3764325B2 - Solar cooling system and natural cooling, hot water supply, snow melting equipment - Google Patents

Description

【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、空気と水の温度差による自然な流れを利用した自然冷房、太陽熱給湯、融雪等多目的に活用するシステム及び装置。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
従来、建物の屋根面で得られる太陽エネルギーの活用は給湯、暖房、発電等が主で、冷房には一度電気に変えてから使用していた。放射冷却を利用する場合は屋根面に、水を張る等していた。（例えば、特開平１０−１１０９７５）
又融雪には屋根面に融雪だけを目的にしたヒーター板や温水管等の発熱装置を設置する必要がある。太陽光電池屋根面下に冷却用の通気層を設け融雪時にその通気層を使い全面に温風を送る方法も考案されているが、保守管理の面や投資効率の悪さから普及がしにくい。（例えば、特開平１１−２５６７８０）
【０００３】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
建物の屋根面で得られるクリーンな太陽エネルギーを、簡単で安価な工法で効率良く年間を通して多目的に活用する事が必要である。
【０００４】
【課題を解決するための手段】
（イ）本発明は、建物の屋根面で得られるクリーンな太陽エネルギーを、簡単で安価な工法で効率良く多目的に活用する為に、屋根面（１）と屋根断熱層（２）との間に空気の流れを確保するための屋根面通気層（３）を設け、壁下部吸気口とをつなぎ屋根が暖められる事から出来る通気層内と地表面との温度差、その事で生じる空気の流れを、ただ外部に放出すだけではなく、冷却部の湿潤状態にしてある放熱キャップ間を通す事で、放射冷却状態を作り、放熱キャップ下面に上昇してくる室内の空気の温度をエネルギーを必要とせずに直接連続的に低下させる事が出来る。又日射が強いほど空気の流れが強くなり冷房効果が大きくなる。
（ロ）本発明は、屋根面下部の通気層内に集熱用配管を屋根全体に連続的に配し、建物棟部にある蓄湯槽下部から冷水を自然循環させて集熱し、従来の屋根の上に設置する温水器よりは低温ではあるが、大量の湯を屋根全体から安価で取り出す事が出来る。パイプは直接太陽光線に当たらない為劣化の心配も少なく、水圧も少ないため安価な一般家庭用ビニールホースでも充分対応できる。
（ハ）本発明は、屋根面下部通気層内に集熱用配管を屋根全体に連続的に配した給湯装置をそのまま活用し、建物棟部にある蓄湯槽の融雪用自動加熱装置を使い蓄湯槽内の水を温め、逆流防止装置を解除して温水を集熱時と逆方向に自然循環させ、屋根面を温めて簡単に落雪、融雪する事が出来る。
【０００５】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明の実施の形態を図面に基づき説明する。
【０００６】
図１は本発明の全体の断面図である。
（イ）太陽熱利用による冷房は、建物内部の一部もしくは全体を吹き抜け状態にし、室内の暖かい空気が天井最上部に集まり易い構造にする。天井最上部には水張りトレー（６）を設置し、自動水量調整器（６−ａ）を通して小量の蒸発用補給水（１３）を張り、放熱キャップ（６−ｂ）全体に湿潤シート（７）をかぶせ毛細管現象の働きで常時湿った状態になる。一方太陽熱によって屋根面（１）は熱せられ、屋根面通気層（３）内の空気は膨張して軽くなり、外気との温度差が大きくなる事から壁下開閉型吸気口（４−ａ）からの空気の流れが発生し、壁面通気層（４）と屋根面通気層（３）と放熱キャップ（６−ｂ）の冷却部を通り棟部ダンパー付き排気ガラリ（５）から外部に抜ける過程で、放射冷却作用の働きから湿潤シート（７）や放熱キャップ（６−ｂ）の熱を大量に奪う事になる。
（ロ）太陽熱利用による給湯は、建物最上部に貯湯槽（８）を設置し自動給水装置（８−ａ）で給水し、屋根面通気層（３）内に集熱循環パイプ（１０）を配し自然循環させて貯湯槽（８）内の水温を上げる。
（ハ）屋根に積もる雪の融雪は（ロ）に説明した給湯設備をそのまま使用し、貯湯槽（８）の水温が不足の場合は融雪用補助加熱装置（８−ｂ）を作動して水温を上げ送水パイプ（１０−ａ）の開閉型逆流防止装置（９）を操作して、集熱時とは逆の水の流れを自然に起こさせて集熱循環パイプ（１０）を温め、屋根面通気層（３）の温度を上げ屋根面（１）を加熱して融雪する。
【０００７】
図２及び図３は本発明の冷房時に作動する冷却部の断面図及び斜視図である。室内天井最上部に設置した水張りトレー（６）は、結露水滴落下防止部（６−ｃ）の有る放熱キャップ（６−ｂ）がコップを逆さにした様な状態で並んでおり、自動自動水量調整器（６−ａ）により小量の蒸発用補給水（１３）を張っておく。又、全ての放熱キャップ（６−ｂ）には湿潤シート（７）をかぶせ、毛細管現象により常時湿らせて置く。屋根面通気層（３）から棟部ダンパー付き排気ガラリ（５）へ抜ける空気は冷却部を通り、湿った部分の熱を奪う。室内の暖かい空気は上昇して天井最上部に集まり、放熱キャップ（６−ｂ）内で冷却されて自然に下降し、室内空気の循環が自然に発生して連続的に冷却作用が働く。
【０００８】
図４は本発明の給湯及び融雪装置の斜視図である。
（イ）太陽熱利用の給湯は、建物の棟最上部に貯湯槽（８）を設置し、自動給水装置（８−ａ）にて給水を行い、左右両端下部から送水パイプ（１０−ａ）を配管し、開閉型逆流防止装置（９）を組み込み、軒先から、各たる木（１４）間に配置された集熱循環パイプ（１０）へ送る。屋根面通気層（３）内で温められた水は軽くなるため自動的に貯湯層（８）に移動する事を屋根全体で連続的に繰り返す。
（ロ）太陽熱利用の融雪は、（イ）の給湯設備をそのまま使用し、貯湯槽（８）の水温が不足の場合は融雪用補助加熱装置（８−ｂ）を使って温度を上げ、送水パイプ（１０−ａ）の開閉型逆流防止装置（９）を操作して逆流防止を解除し、自然に集熱時とは逆の水の流れをおこさせ、集熱循環パイプ（１０）を温めて屋根面通気層（３）の温度を上げ、屋根面（１）を加熱して融雪する。
【発明の効果】
本発明は以上説明した様な形態で実施され、以下に記載されるような効果を奏する。
（イ）どんな屋根材の建物でも効果が期待でき、屋根材をアモルファス系太陽電池の皮膜タイプを使用すれば熱を通し易いため、屋根面に降り注ぐ太陽エネルギーの光と熱の両方を年間を通して最大限利用する事が出来る。
（ロ）設備が簡単で安い費用で設置でき、同じ関連設備を年間を通して活用出来るので投資効率が高い。
（ハ）今まで排除され不要に考えられていた夏場の太陽熱を、自然の作用で室内の冷房に活用でき、内部の熱を外に出す事もなく、むしろ外気の温度上昇を抑える働きがあり、地球温暖化防止に役立つ。
（ニ）屋根面に当たる太陽熱が多い程、冷却効果も大きくなる。
（ホ）設備配管類の全てが、屋根及び建物の内部に設置されるので、紫外線による劣化や強風についての対策の必要性が少なくて済み、設備費が安くて済む。
（ヘ）融雪設備は、年間を通して給湯に使っている設備類を、開閉型逆流防止装置（９）を切り替え操作だけで使用できるので、保守及び設備費がかからない。
（ト）屋根裏の保守管理スペース（１１）を集熱ダクトとして温められた空気を集め、送風管で１階床下畜熱槽（１２）に送り、冬場の床暖房にも対応出来る事で、年間を通しての給湯、夏場の冷房、冬場の暖房及び融雪、災害時の飲料水の確保等多目的に活用できる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】本発明の全体断面図
【図２】本発明の冷却部を示す断面図
【図３】本発明の冷却部を示す斜視図
【図４】本発明の給湯及び融雪装置を示す斜視図
【符号の説明】
１ 屋根面
１−ａ屋根材
１−ｂ野地板
２ 屋根断熱層
２−ａ断熱材
２−ｂ防水シート
２−ｃ断熱材受板
３ 屋根面通気層
４ 壁面通気層
４−ａ開閉型吸気口
５ 棟部ダンパー付き排気ガラリ
６ 水張りトレー
６−ａ自動水量調整器
６−ｂ放熱キャップ
６−ｃ結露水滴落下防止部
７ 湿潤シート
８ 貯湯槽
８−ａ自動給水装置
８−ｂ融雪用補助加熱装置
９ 開閉型逆流防止装置
１０ 集熱循環パイプ
１０−ａ送水パイプ
１０−ｂ給湯用配管
１１ 保守管理スペース
１２ １階床下畜熱槽
１３ 蒸発用補給水
１４ たる木[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is a system and apparatus utilized for various purposes such as natural cooling using a natural flow due to a temperature difference between air and water, solar hot water supply, and snow melting.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, solar energy obtained on the roof surface of buildings has been mainly used for hot water supply, heating, power generation, etc., and once used for cooling, it was changed to electricity. When using radiant cooling, water was applied to the roof surface. (For example, JP-A-10-110975)
For snow melting, it is necessary to install a heating device such as a heater plate or a hot water pipe only for melting snow on the roof surface. Although a method has been devised in which a ventilation layer for cooling is provided under the roof of the photovoltaic cell and the warm layer is sent to the entire surface using the ventilation layer when melting snow, it is difficult to spread due to poor maintenance and investment efficiency. (For example, JP-A-11-256780)
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
It is necessary to use the clean solar energy obtained on the roof of buildings for various purposes throughout the year with a simple and inexpensive construction method.
[0004]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
(B) The present invention provides a clean solar energy obtained on a roof surface of a building between a roof surface (1) and a roof heat insulating layer (2) in order to efficiently and versatilely use a simple and inexpensive construction method. There is a roof surface ventilation layer (3) to secure the air flow, and the temperature difference between the inside of the ventilation layer and the ground surface, which is formed by connecting the lower wall inlet and heating the roof, The flow is not only released to the outside, but also is passed through between the heat dissipating caps in the cooling section, creating a radiative cooling state, and the energy of the indoor air temperature rising to the bottom of the heat dissipating cap is reduced. It can be reduced directly and continuously without need. The stronger the solar radiation, the stronger the air flow and the greater the cooling effect.
(B) In the present invention, a heat collecting pipe is continuously arranged in the ventilation layer at the lower part of the roof surface, and cold water is naturally circulated from the lower part of the hot water storage tank in the building ridge to collect the heat. Although it is cooler than the water heater installed on the top, a large amount of hot water can be removed from the entire roof at a low cost. Since pipes are not directly exposed to sunlight, there is little risk of deterioration, and since water pressure is low, it can be used even with inexpensive ordinary household vinyl hoses.
(C) The present invention uses a hot water supply device in which heat collecting pipes are continuously arranged in the entire roof in the lower ventilation layer of the roof surface, and stores it using an automatic heating device for melting snow in a hot water storage tank in the building ridge. The water in the water bath is warmed, the backflow prevention device is released, and the hot water is naturally circulated in the opposite direction to that during heat collection, so that the roof surface can be warmed and snow can be easily dropped and melted.
[0005]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
[0006]
FIG. 1 is an overall sectional view of the present invention.
(B) Cooling by using solar heat will make a part of or the whole interior of the building blown through so that warm air in the room can easily gather at the top of the ceiling. A water-filled tray (6) is installed at the top of the ceiling, a small amount of replenishing water for evaporation (13) is stretched through an automatic water amount adjuster (6-a), and a wet sheet (7) is placed over the heat dissipation cap (6-b). ) Is always moist by the action of capillary action. On the other hand, the roof surface (1) is heated by solar heat, the air in the roof surface ventilation layer (3) expands and becomes lighter, and the temperature difference from the outside air becomes large. From the exhaust vent (5) with a wing damper through the cooling part of the wall vent layer (4), the roof vent layer (3), and the heat dissipation cap (6-b). Thus, a large amount of heat is taken from the wet sheet (7) and the heat radiation cap (6-b) from the action of the radiation cooling action.
(B) For hot water supply using solar heat, a hot water storage tank (8) is installed at the top of the building, water is supplied by an automatic water supply device (8-a), and a heat collection and circulation pipe (10) is installed in the roof ventilation layer (3). The water temperature in the hot water storage tank (8) is raised by arranging and allowing natural circulation.
(C) For melting snow on the roof, use the hot water supply equipment described in (b) as it is, and if the water temperature in the hot water storage tank (8) is insufficient, operate the auxiliary heating device for snow melting (8-b) Is operated by operating the open / close type backflow prevention device (9) of the water supply pipe (10-a) to naturally cause the flow of water opposite to that at the time of heat collection to warm the heat collection circulation pipe (10). The temperature of the surface ventilation layer (3) is raised and the roof surface (1) is heated to melt snow.
[0007]
2 and 3 are a cross-sectional view and a perspective view of a cooling unit that operates during cooling according to the present invention. The water-filled tray (6) installed at the top of the indoor ceiling is lined up with the heat dissipating cap (6-b) with the condensation drop-drop prevention part (6-c) upside down. A small amount of replenishing water for evaporation (13) is stretched by the adjuster (6-a). Further, all the heat dissipation caps (6-b) are covered with a wet sheet (7) and are always moistened by capillary action. The air passing from the ventilation layer (3) on the roof surface to the exhaust louver (5) with the wing damper passes through the cooling section and takes the heat of the wet part. Warm air in the room rises and gathers at the top of the ceiling, cools in the heat dissipating cap (6-b), and naturally descends, and the circulation of the room air naturally occurs and the cooling action works continuously.
[0008]
FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the hot water supply and snow melting apparatus of the present invention.
(B) For hot water supply using solar heat, a hot water storage tank (8) is installed at the top of the building, water is supplied by an automatic water supply device (8-a), and water supply pipes (10-a) are connected from the lower left and right ends. Piping is performed, and an open / close type backflow prevention device (9) is incorporated and sent from the eaves to the heat collecting and circulating pipe (10) disposed between the rafters (14). Since the water warmed in the roof surface ventilation layer (3) becomes light, it automatically moves to the hot water storage layer (8) continuously over the entire roof.
(B) For snow melting using solar heat, use the hot water supply equipment of (a) as it is, and if the water temperature in the hot water storage tank (8) is insufficient, use the auxiliary heating device for snow melting (8-b) to raise the temperature and supply water. Operate the open / close type backflow prevention device (9) of the pipe (10-a) to release the backflow prevention, naturally cause the flow of water opposite to that during heat collection, and warm the heat collection circulation pipe (10) The temperature of the roof surface ventilation layer (3) is raised, and the roof surface (1) is heated to melt snow.
【The invention's effect】
The present invention is implemented in the form as described above, and has the following effects.
(B) The effect can be expected in any roofing material building, and if the roofing material uses an amorphous solar cell coating type, it is easy to conduct heat, so both the light and heat of solar energy that falls on the roof surface are maximized throughout the year. Limited use is possible.
(B) Equipment is simple and can be installed at low cost, and the same related equipment can be used throughout the year, so investment efficiency is high.
(C) The summer heat that was previously considered unnecessary and eliminated can be used for indoor cooling by the action of nature, and it has the function of suppressing the rise in the temperature of the outside air without releasing the internal heat to the outside. Helps prevent global warming.
(D) The more solar heat hits the roof, the greater the cooling effect.
(E) Since all equipment piping is installed inside the roof and building, there is little need for countermeasures against deterioration due to ultraviolet rays and strong winds, and equipment costs can be reduced.
(F) Since the snow melting equipment can use the equipment used for hot water supply throughout the year only by switching the open / close type backflow prevention device (9), maintenance and equipment costs are not required.
(G) Collecting the heated air using the maintenance management space (11) in the attic as a heat collection duct, sending it to the first floor underfloor heat storage tank (12) with a blower pipe, and supporting floor heating in winter, It can be used for a variety of purposes, such as hot water supply through water, cooling in summer, heating and snow melting in winter, and securing drinking water in the event of a disaster.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is an overall cross-sectional view of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a cooling unit of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a cooling unit of the present invention. Figure [Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Roof surface 1-a Roof material 1-b Field plate 2 Roof heat insulation layer 2-a heat insulation material 2-b Waterproof sheet 2-c Heat insulation material receiving plate 3 Roof surface ventilation layer 4 Wall ventilation layer 4-a Opening and closing type inlet 5 Exhaust gallery with ridge damper 6 Water-filled tray 6-a Automatic water amount adjuster 6-b Radiation cap 6-c Condensation water drop fall prevention unit 7 Wet sheet 8 Hot water storage tank 8-a Automatic water supply device 8-b Auxiliary heating device for melting snow DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 9 Opening and closing type backflow prevention apparatus 10 Heat collection circulation pipe 10-a Water supply pipe 10-b Hot water supply piping 11 Maintenance management space 12 First floor underfloor heat storage tank 13 Evaporation makeup water 14

Claims (4)

屋根面（１）に受ける太陽熱を、屋根面（１）と屋根断熱層（２）の間に屋根面通気層（３）を設け、軒先又は壁下部の外部と連結する事で空気の自然な流れをおこさせ、室内天井部の湿潤状態にしてある部分を通過させてから外部に抜け出る構造にして、放射冷却作用を起こさせる事で連続的に室内温度を下げさせる事を特徴とした冷房システム。The solar heat received by the roof surface (1) is provided with a roof surface ventilation layer (3) between the roof surface (1) and the roof heat insulation layer (2), and is connected to the outside of the eaves or the lower part of the wall, so that natural air The cooling system is characterized by a structure that allows the flow to pass through a wet part of the ceiling of the room and then exits to the outside to continuously reduce the room temperature by causing a radiative cooling effect. . 屋根材（１−ａ）及び屋根下地の野地板（１−ｂ）からなる屋根面（１）と、断熱材（２−ａ）、防水シート（２−ｂ）及び断熱材受板（２−ｃ）からなる屋根断熱層（２）と、屋根面（１）及び屋根断熱層（２）との間に空気の流れを作り、かつ配管を施設するためのスペースを有する屋根面通気層（３）と防虫網の付いた開閉型吸気口（４−ａ）を有する壁面通気層（４）及び棟部ダンパー付き排気ガラリ（５）から成る通気部と、自動水量調整器（６−ａ）が付き、結露水滴落下防止部（６−ｃ）の有る放熱キャップ（６−ｂ）の付いた水張りトレー（６）と、湿潤シート（７）から成る冷却部とで構成され、防虫網の付いた開閉型吸気口（４−ａ）から入る空気が、壁面通気層（４）と屋根面通気層（３）を通り、棟部ダンパー付き排気ガラリ（５）から抜ける自然な空気の流れを使い、放射冷却作用を利用した自然冷房装置。Roof surface (1) consisting of roofing material (1-a) and roof base plate (1-b), heat insulating material (2-a), waterproof sheet (2-b) and heat insulating material receiving plate (2- c) a roof insulation layer (2), and a roof ventilation layer (3) having a space for creating an air flow between the roof surface (1) and the roof insulation layer (2) and installing piping. ) And an air inlet (4-a) having an opening and closing type air inlet (4-a) with an insect screen, and a ventilation part comprising an exhaust gallery (5) with a ridge damper, and an automatic water regulator (6-a) It consists of a water-filled tray (6) with a heat dissipating cap (6-b) with a condensation water drop fall prevention part (6-c), and a cooling part consisting of a wet sheet (7), with an insect screen. Air entering from the open / close inlet (4-a) passes through the wall ventilation layer (4) and the roof ventilation layer (3), with a ridge damper Use the natural flow of air escaping from the gas louver (5), a natural cooling device utilizing the radiation cooling effect. 自動給水装置（８−ａ）が付き保温材で覆われた貯湯槽（８）と開閉型逆流防止装置（９）の付いた送水パイプ（１０−ａ）、及び集熱循環パイプ（１０））とで構成され、屋根面（１）全体で受けた太陽熱を、屋根面通気層（３）内で回収して貯湯槽（８）に貯え、給湯用配管（１０−ｂ）を通して給湯する給湯装置。Hot water tank (8) with automatic water supply device (8-a) and covered with heat insulating material, water supply pipe (10-a) with open / close type backflow prevention device (9), and heat collecting circulation pipe (10)) Water heater that collects solar heat received on the entire roof surface (1), stores it in the roof surface ventilation layer (3), stores it in the hot water storage tank (8), and supplies hot water through the hot water supply pipe (10-b) . 請求項３の給湯装置をそのまま共通で使用し、貯湯槽（８）に融雪用補助加熱装置（８−ｂ）を付け開閉型逆流防止装置（９）を操作することで送水パイプ（１０−ａ）、及び集熱循環パイプ（１０）内の湯の流れを集熱時とは逆に自然対流をさせて放熱し屋根面（１）全体を暖め、屋根面の雪を落雪及び、融雪させる融雪装置。The hot water supply device of claim 3 is used in common as it is, the auxiliary heating device for melting snow (8-b) is attached to the hot water storage tank (8), and the water supply pipe (10-a ) And the flow of hot water in the heat collecting circulation pipe (10), which is natural convection contrary to the time of heat collection, dissipates heat, warms the entire roof surface (1), and the snow on the roof surface falls and melts snow. apparatus.

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