JP3763340B2

JP3763340B2 - Hot water spraying tool for soil sterilization

Info

Publication number: JP3763340B2
Application number: JP07423999A
Authority: JP
Inventors: 勝馬場; 博章市塚; 正暢石合
Original assignee: ネポン株式会社
Priority date: 1999-02-15
Filing date: 1999-02-15
Publication date: 2006-04-05
Anticipated expiration: 2019-02-15
Also published as: JP2000232844A

Description

【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は土壌殺菌用の熱湯散布用具、より詳しくは植物栽培用の土壌中の病害虫の殺菌のために７０〜９０℃の熱湯を栽培土壌の上に散布し、上昇した土壌温度を維持するための熱湯水路と保温用フィルムとが一体化した用具に関する。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
土壌中の病害虫の殺菌（以下、土壌殺菌と略称する。）が施設園芸の分野で注目されているが、それが注目され実施されるに至った主な理由は連作障害の防止である。連作障害の原因は同じ場所で同じ作物を作り続ける連作による土壌中の病害虫の増殖および余剰肥料による塩類集積であり、土壌殺菌は土壌中の病害虫による連作障害の防止を目的とする。塩類集積は本発明では対象としない。
【０００３】
土壌殺菌法は、現在、化学的方法として農薬による殺菌、物理的方法として太陽熱による殺菌、蒸気殺菌および熱湯による殺菌の４つの方法が実施されている。
【０００４】
農薬による殺菌のコストの主なものは農薬の費用だけであり、実施がさほど難しくなく、作物の種類に応じて農薬を選択できるので、病害虫の殺菌だけに着目すると農薬の使用は効果的である。
【０００５】
太陽熱による殺菌は太陽熱利用方法によるものであり、その利点としては、イ．特別の設備を必要とせず、ロ．環境にやさしく、ハ．低コストであり、ニ．圃場全体が殺菌できることである。
【０００６】
蒸気殺菌は蒸気ボイラで発生する蒸気を用いる方法で、それにはホジソンパイプ法、スパイク法、キャンバスホース法、殺菌槽法の４つがある。ホジソンパイプ法は蒸気殺菌の主たる方法で、メロン、花卉類の栽培用に使用されており、栽培区と通路区とが隔離されている限られた区域で用いられ、穴あきパイプを深さ２０ｃｍの底に埋め蒸気を上方向に放出する。スパイク法は大面積圃場に用いられ、深さ２０ｃｍに押し込んだスパイクの先端から蒸気を放出させる方法である。キャンバス法は作業性のよい方法で、布ホースを土壌表面上に置き土壌をシートで被覆し、蒸気を下へ土壌中に浸透させる方法であるが、現在あまり使用されていない。殺菌槽法は、育苗や植木鉢の用土の殺菌に適し、底に蒸気室を設けそこから土壌に向け蒸気を噴出させるものであり広く用いられている。
【０００７】
蒸気殺菌の不利な点は、蒸気発生用のボイラの取扱いには専門知識が要求され、しかもボイラに頻繁なメンテナンスが必要で、寿命も４〜５年程度と短い。さらに、土壌中に蒸気の通り道ができ、また、土壌の温度ムラもできやすいことである。農薬による殺菌は、人体および環境に与える悪影響が大きく散布後数十時間温室内に人は入れない。臭化メチルは殺菌効果は大であるものの、西暦２００５年以降はフロン規制により使用が禁止されるという問題がある。太陽熱による殺菌は天候に左右され夏の晴天時にしか実施できず、また完全に殺菌できるかどうか保証し難い。
【０００８】
上述から次の事情が判明した。現在、蒸気ボイラによる殺菌は土壌中に蒸気の通り道ができ殺菌ムラが起きやすいため、主にメロンや花卉栽培のように栽培区域が他の区域と隔離されたところで効果的であり、事実、蒸気殺菌はこの限られた区域の殺菌に限定されている（ホジソン法、殺菌槽法）。このように圃場全体の殺菌に蒸気方式はあまり利用されていない。所定量の作物の確実な供給を求める市場の要請を考慮に入れると、上記の方法の代替として求められているものは、圃場全体の土壌殺菌であると結論できる。
【０００９】
以上の理由で、熱湯による殺菌が注目されるに至った。特にこの方法の利点は、イ．環境にやさしく、ロ．ボイラの能力により制限されるものの圃場全体を殺菌できることである。また、この方法は散水量が増えると塩類集積をある程度解消すると報告されている。
【００１０】
熱湯散布による土壌中の病害虫殺菌に牽引方式を用いる例は「日本農業新聞」の１９９８年（平成１０年）４月２３日版に発表された。この具体例を同新聞に掲げられた模式図（側断面図）を図１６に転写して示す。同新聞に記載の説明を引用すると、図示しないボイラからチューブ（図示せず）で温室内に配管し、散布幅４．５ｍの熱湯散布機１に連結する。毎分３０リットルの熱湯がポンプ（図示せず）で送られ、地表面に散布しながら、ウィンチ２、ワイヤ３で毎時２〜２．５ｍの速さで移動する。放熱を防ぐため圃場をアルミ蒸着フィルム４で覆う。なお、同図において、５は作土、６は熱湯である。
熱湯散布法としては、蒸気の例のほかに、散水パイプを土壌表面に並べて散布する方法またはパイプを土中に埋めて放水する方法もある。
【００１１】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
熱湯散布による殺菌方式は効果が確実であるものの装置が大掛かりになるという不利な点がある。地中にパイプを埋没する方式はパイプの設置に時間と労力を費やし、パイプを並べて熱湯を散布する方法ではパイプ群を移動するのに手間がかかり、どの方法を用いても放熱ロスを防ぐためには保温フィルムで覆う作業が必要になるという問題がある。
【００１２】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記課題は、対面する上面フィルムと下面フィルムは２以上の第１接触面で接着されて少なくとも１つの熱湯を通す水路が形成されてなり、下面フィルムの水路形成部分のほぼ中央には熱湯放出のための複数個の孔が水路の方向と同方向に間隔をおいて形成されてなることを特徴とする土壌殺菌用の熱湯散布用具を提供することによって解決される。
【００１３】
また、上記課題は、対面する上面フィルムと下面フィルムは２以上の第１接着面で接着されて少なくとも１つの熱湯を通す水路を形成してなり、下面フィルムの水路形成部分のほぼ中央に熱湯放出のための複数個の孔が水路と同方向に間隔をおいて形成され、水路内に散水チューブが水路と同方向に配置され、散水チューブには水路を構成する下面フィルムの孔に対応して散水孔が形成されてなることを特徴とする土壌殺菌用の熱湯散布用具によって解決される。
【００１４】
また、上記課題は、対面する上面フィルムと透水性のある下面透水性フィルムとは２以上の第１接着面で接着されて少なくとも１つの熱湯を通す水路が形成されてなり、水路内に散水チューブが該水路と同方向に配置され、散水チューブの下面透水性フィルムに面する部分に散水孔が形成されてなることを特徴とする土壌殺菌用の熱湯散布用具によって解決される。
【００１５】
さらに、上記課題は、通気性は低いが、透水性の高い下面透水性フィルムと保温用フィルムは下面透水性フィルムの上面に第３接着面で接着され、２以上の散水チューブは下面透水性フィルムの上面に第４接着面において接着され、散水チューブの上面には２以上の散水孔が形成されてなり、散水チューブに強制的に熱湯を供給し、熱湯を散水孔から保温用フィルムにより限定される空気ドーム内に放出し土壌へ浸透させることを特徴とする土壌殺菌用の熱湯散布用具によって解決される。
【００１６】
【作用】
本発明にかかる土壌殺菌用の熱湯散布用具は、熱湯を通す水路と上面フィルムおよび下面フィルムとが一体化されているので、熱湯散布における該用具の設置の手間が省け、移動が可能であり、さらには放熱が抑えられるので熱湯の熱の無駄がなく、晴天のときには太陽光により水路の温度損失が抑えられ土壌の温度上昇が確保され、上面フィルムは土壌からの熱放出を抑制し、空気ドームを設けると熱放出抑制の効果はさらに高められる。
また、空気ドームを形成した中で散水チューブで熱湯を散布する場合は、水平方向へも熱湯が拡散するため少ない散水チューブでより多くの面積をカバーできる。
【００１７】
【実施例】
本発明にかかる土壌殺菌用の熱湯散布用具１０（以下、熱湯散布用具と略称）の第１実施例は図１（ａ）の横方向点線に沿って一部切欠した平面図と同図の下から長尺方向に見た同図（ｂ）の側面図に示され、図中、１０は熱湯散布用具、１１ａは上面フィルム、１１ｂは下面フィルムでこれらのフィルムはいずれも透明で７０〜９０℃の温度の熱湯に耐えられる材質のものであり、熱湯が散布される植物栽培用の土壌を保温するにも役立つ。本発明の実施においては図示の形状のものが使用可能であるが、必要とあれば図の縦方向に任意の長さに延在させたものも使用できる。１２は上面フィルム１１ａ、下面フィルム１１ｂと接着面１３で囲まれた熱湯を通す水路、斜線を付した部分１３は上面フィルム１１ａと下面フィルム１１ｂとの第１接着面、１４は水路１２の側断面図に見て下面フィルム１１ｂにあけた熱湯放出のための孔である。水路１２内を流れる熱湯の水圧は０．５ｆｋｇ／ｃｍ^２程度に設定する。水路１２は３本を図示したがその数は１本以上適宜設定し、複数の水路は同一方向にほぼ平行に延在する。隣り合う水路１２の中心線の間の距離は１０〜４０ｃｍに設定する。この実施例は熱湯を散布するための水路１２を保温用の上面フィルム１１ａおよび下面フィルム１１ｂと一体化して形成した構成で、横幅は６０ｃｍ〜３ｍに、縦方向長さは１０〜２０ｍに設定する。フィルムを３ｍ×２０ｍ＝６０ｍ^２の寸法にすると多くの温室では２つの熱湯散布用具を横方向に並べそれらを縦方向に移動するだけで用が足りる。縦方向の長さを短くしたい場合には、熱湯散布用具１０を折り曲げることで調節できる。上面フィルム１１ａと下面フィルム１１ｂとを一体化するには、接着面１３の位置で接着剤を用いるか熱融着等で接着する。接着は水路と水路の間すべてにわたってひろがってもよい。
【００１８】
図２（ａ）と（ｂ）は本発明第２実施例の図１（ａ）と（ｂ）に類似の平面図と側面図で図１に示した部分と同じ部分は同一符号で示す。接着面１３相互間の白地部分は上面フィルム１１ａおよび下面フィルム１１ｂの透明部分を示し、図２（ａ）において水路１２の砂地を付した部分は水路１２が黒色に着色されていることを示す。これは例えば上面フィルム１１ａの水路１２部分を帯状に黒色に着色しておくことで形成できる。黒色フィルムは黒色であることにより太陽光により加温され、水路１２を通る熱湯の熱損失を少なくし、水路が長いときでも熱湯の散布温度がより均一となり殺菌効果を高める効果がある。それ以外の構成は第１実施例と同様である。この例はそれ故に夏場の病害虫殺菌に有効である。冬場には上面フィルム１１ａを保温力の高いシルバーフィルムにしてもよい。
【００１９】
図３は第３実施例の図で、同図（ａ）と（ｂ）は図１に類似の平面図と側面図で図１と図２に示した部分と同じ部分は同じ符号を付して示す。この実施例で熱湯を散布するための水路１２は上面フィルム１１ａと帯状の下面フィルム１１ｂの短尺方向両端を第１接着面１３で接着して形成される構成で、水路部分のみのフィルムが二重になっておりフィルム材を少なくできる。帯状のフィルムは３〜１０ｃｍ×１０〜２０ｍの寸法に設定する。この構成とは上下逆に帯状のフィルムを図４に示されるように上面フィルム１１ａで形成して水路１２を形成することも同様にでき、その場合の効果は前記したところと同じである。上面フィルム１１ａを黒色の帯状のフィルムとすれば、双方の構成において帯状部分の印刷をする必要がないという利点も生ずる。
【００２０】
図５（ａ）と（ｂ）は本発明第４実施例の図１（ａ）と（ｂ）に類似の平面図と側面図で、図中、図１から図４までに示した部分と同じ部分は同一符号を付して示し、１６は上面フィルム１１ａの上方に配置される保温用フィルムであり、１７は保温用フィルム１６と上面フィルム１１ａとを接着する第２接着面であり、この第２接着面で保温用フィルム１６、上面フィルム１１ａおよび下面フィルム１１ｂを貼り合わせて上面フィルム１１ａを水路１２の上面に密着させる。図において、保温用フィルムを別個のフィルムとして示すためにそれは水路１２から離れた状態で描いた。この実施例は、保温用フィルム１６と第２接着面１７とを除くと第１実施例と同じ構成のものである。
保温用フィルム１６は上面フィルム１１ａと一緒になって地面からの放熱を防止し殺菌力を高める効果を有する。保温用フィルム１６は透明フィルムまたはシルバーのものもしくは熱反射性のものにしてもよい。
【００２１】
図６（ａ）と（ｂ）は本発明第５実施例の図１（ａ）と（ｂ）に類似の平面図と側面図であり、図中、図１〜図５に示した部分と同じ部分は同じ符号で示し、１８は第２接着面１７の中央寄りに形成した第３接着面、１９は第３接着面の片方、図示の例では左の第３接着面の上方にあけた空気導入口であり、それは図示の位置の右反対側、すなわち図の右の第３接着面１８の上方に設けてもよい。この実施例においては、縦方向の熱湯の入口側は水路がつぶれない程度に土をのせたり鎖のような重しをのせ反対側は折り返してクリップなどで固定するなどして密閉し空気導入口１９から空気を入れると上面フィルム１１ａと保温用フィルム１６との間の容積が第４実施例の場合よりも著しく大になって、上面フィルム１１ａと保温用フィルム１６との間に空気ドーム（もしくはトンネル）３０が形成され保温効果ひいては殺菌効果がさらに増大する。空気は図示しない小型ファンまたは送風機を用いて導入する。空気導入口１９は図７に示すように図６の場合とは反対側に形成してもよく、その場合の効果は図６に示す例の場合と同様である。
【００２２】
図８（ａ）と（ｂ）は本発明第６実施例の図１（ａ）と（ｂ）に類似する平面図と側面図で、図１〜図７に示した部分と同じ部分は同一符号で示す。この実施例は、上面フィルム１１ａと下面フィルム１１ｂとの間に形成される水路１２内にそれと同方向に延在する散水チューブ２０がはさみ込まれ固定されており、散水チューブ２０の孔１４に面する部分には散水孔２０ａがあけられている。接着剤は、上面フィルムの下方面と下面フィルムの上方面とに塗布し、またはいずれか一方の相手方に面する面のみに塗布して貼り合わせる。熱湯は散水チューブ内を流れるため接着面は必ずしも連続している必要はなく、図９に示されるように散水チューブが固定できるように断続的な接着面としてもよい。下面フィルム１１ｂの水路１２の孔１４に面する部分は孔１４をあけるが、その代わりにスリット（図示せず。）をあけてもよい。水路内に散水チューブを配置することにより散水チューブの耐熱性や耐圧性が高ければよいので上面および下面フィルムを薄くしたり安価な材質に代えることも可能で軽く扱いやすいものにしたり低コストで製造できる。さらに、熱湯は平均的に水路内へ供給され次いで土壌の上に放出されて土壌の保温が平均化され殺菌力が高められるという効果が得られる。
【００２３】
図１０は本発明第７実施例の図で、同図（ａ）と（ｂ）は図８（ａ）と（ｂ）に類似する図で、図１〜図９に示した部分と同じ部分は同一符号で示す。この実施例では、散水チューブ２０の散水孔２０ａを上向きにし、水路１２の散水孔１４を下向きにした変形例である。散水チューブ２０の散水孔２０ａを上向きとすることで、水路から出る湯の量が一定になり、水路が長くなった場合に散水ムラが起こりにくいという利点が得られる。
【００２４】
図１１は本発明の第８実施例の図で、同図（ａ）と（ｂ）は図１０（ａ）と（ｂ）に類似の平面図と側面図で、図１〜図１０に示した部分と同じ部分は同一符号で示し、１１ｃは下面フィルム１１ｂに代わる下面透水性フィルムである。この実施例においては、対面する上面フィルム１１ａと下面透水性フィルム１１ｃは図示の如く第１接着面１３で接着されて熱湯を通す水路１２を形成し、水路１２内に散水チューブ２０が水路１２と同方向に配置され、散水チューブ２０の下方に散水孔２０ａが形成され、下面透水性フィルム１１ｃそのものが透水性であるので孔１４が形成されていないところが異なる。透水性フィルムに代えて不織布を用いてもよく、透水性フィルムにせよ不織布にせよ熱湯の放出が分散、平均化される効果がある。その他の構成は第５実施例と同じである。
【００２５】
図１２（ａ）と（ｂ）は本発明の第９実施例の平面図と側面図で、図１〜図１１に示した部分と同じ部分は同一符号で示す。この実施例は、下面透水性フィルム１１ｃと保温用フィルム１６は第３接着面１８で接着され空気導入口１９から空気が導入されて空気ドーム３０が作られ、水路１２が形成されない代わりに２以上の散水チューブ２０が下面透水性フィルム１１ｃの上面に第４接着面１８ａにおいて接着され、散水チューブ２０の上面には２以上の散水孔２０ａが形成されている。第１〜第７実施例では散布した熱湯がそのまま土壌に流れ落ち熱湯は土壌への自然な浸透で拡散していくため水路や散水孔の間隔があまり広くできないが、上側に散水孔１４を形成した散水チューブ２０に強制的に熱湯を供給し熱湯を散水孔２０ａから強制的に拡散できるため水路の形成が少なくても大きな面積に熱湯を散布することができる。このとき下面フィルムには不織布のような通気性は低いが透水性の高いフィルムを使うことで空気ドーム３０内に放出される熱湯は土壌へ浸透していく。熱湯散布用具の左右は、空気ドーム形成時に下面フィルムを土壌に密着させ空気漏れを防ぎ保温性を確保するため重し替わりとしてそれぞれ中心方向へのみの散水孔をもった散水チューブを配置するか、または盛土やパイプ等を第３接着面１８の上にのせて重しにしてもよい。空気導入口１９は図１２に示す例とは反対側に図１３に示す如くに形成してもよく、その場合の効果は図１２に示す例の場合と同様である。
【００２６】
図１４は水路１２に熱湯を供給するのに用いるヘッダー２１を示す。図中、２２は給水管でそれは連結管２３につながり、連結管２３を水路１２の端部に挿入する。かかるヘッダー２１は例えば耐熱性のプラスチック材料で容易に形成される。
【００２７】
使用において、図１〜図１３に示した実施例のいずれかからなるユニット１０は図１５に示すように配置される。図１５において、図１〜図１４に示した部分と同じ部分は同一符号で示し、３１は圃場土壌、３２はボイラ、３３は熱交換器、３４は殺菌制御ユニット、３４ａは制御部、３５（ＦＭ）は流量センサ、３６（Ｐ）は循環ポンプ、３７（ＴＨ）は低温出湯防止センサ、３８（ＦＴ）は給水用フィルタ、３９は給水路、４０は熱湯管、一点鎖線４１は制御信号路、４２はモータ、４３はバルブ、破線４４はセンサ信号路、４５は接続具である。
【００２８】
給水管３９から供給される給水（井戸水、用水等）は熱交換器３３内でボイラ３２から供給される熱湯との熱交換により熱湯となり、熱湯管４０を経て圃場土壌３１上に配置された散布ユニット１０へ供給される。散布ユニット１０へ供給される熱湯の温度を制御するために熱交換器３３から出る熱湯は殺菌制御ユニット３４で適正温度に制御される。ボイラ３２と熱交換器３３の間には循環ポンプ３６が配置され熱湯をユニット１０へ供給する。低温出湯防止センサ３８が熱交換器３３と制御部３４ａの間に設けられ低温水が供給されることのないよう保証する。制御部３４ａから出る上方の実線矢印と下方の破線矢印とは他の熱湯散布ユニットへ熱湯が供給されることを示す。
【００２９】
【発明の効果】
本発明の各実施例が奏する効果を見ると、
基本的な第１実施例においては、用具は対面する２枚のフィルムで構成され、これらのフィルムを接着することにより熱湯散布用の水路が形成され、しかもこの上下のフィルムが熱湯が散布された土壌の保温を助け、用具は３ｍ×２０ｍ＝６０ｍ^２の寸法にすることによりほとんどの温室では２つの用具を横に並べ縦方向に移動させるだけで温室全体をカバーすることができ、
第２実施例においては上面フィルム１１ａの水路１２上の部分を着色することにより水路を通る熱湯の熱損失を少にし、
第３実施例においては、上面フィルムと下面フィルムのいずれかの水路構成部分を帯状に形成することによりフィルム材を少なくすることができ、
第４実施例では保温フィルムを上面フィルム１１ａの上に配置することにより土壌面からの放熱を防止し殺菌効果を高め、
第５実施例においては、上面フィルムと保温フィルムの間に空気ドームを形成させ、保温効果ひいては殺菌効果をさらに高め、
第６実施例においては水路内に散水チューブを配置し、それの散水孔から熱湯を水路に供給するので、より軽く扱いやすいものとなり、さらには低コストで製造でき、
第７実施例では、散水孔から上向きに熱湯を放出することにより放出される湯の量が一定になる効果が得られ、
第８実施例では下面のフィルムは透水性フィルムになっており、この実施例は第６実施例の効果に加え、下面フィルムの孔１４の形成が不要になる一方で熱湯の放出が平均化される効果を有し、
第９実施例では散水チューブから上向きに強制的に熱湯を放出させることにより水路の数が少なくても大きな面積をカバーできる効果が得られる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】本発明第１実施例の図で、同図（ａ）は平面図、同図（ｂ）は側面図である。
【図２】本発明第２実施例の図で、同図（ａ）は平面図、同図（ｂ）は側面図である。
【図３】本発明第３実施例の図で、同図（ａ）は平面図、同図（ｂ）は側面図である。
【図４】本発明第３実施例の変形例の図で、同図（ａ）は平面図、同図（ｂ）は側面図である。
【図５】本発明第４実施例の図で、同図（ａ）は平面図、同図（ｂ）は側面図である。
【図６】本発明第５実施例の図で、同図（ａ）は平面図、同図（ｂ）は側面図である。
【図７】本発明第５実施例の変形例の図で、同図（ａ）は平面図、同図（ｂ）は側面図である。
【図８】本発明第６実施例の図で、同図（ａ）は平面図、同図（ｂ）は側面図である。
【図９】本発明第６実施例の変形例の図で、同図（ａ）は平面図、同図（ｂ）は側面図である。
【図１０】本発明第７実施例の図で、同図（ａ）は平面図、同図（ｂ）は側面図である。
【図１１】本発明第８実施例の図で、同図（ａ）は平面図、同図（ｂ）は側面図である。
【図１２】本発明第９実施例の図で、同図（ａ）は平面図、同図（ｂ）は側面図である。
【図１３】本発明第９実施例の変形例の図で、同図（ａ）は平面図、同図（ｂ）は側面図である。
【図１４】本発明の用具とヘッダーを示す平面図である。
【図１５】本発明の実用例を示す平面図である。
【図１６】従来例の一つの模式的側面図である。
【符号の説明】
１０土壌殺菌用の熱湯散布用具（熱湯散布用具）
１１ａ上面フィルム
１１ｂ下面フィルム
１１ｃ下面透水性フィルム
１２水路
１３第１接着面
１４孔
１５黒色フィルム
１６保温用フィルム
１７第２接着面
１８第３接着面
１８ａ第４接着面
１９空気導入口
２０散水チューブ
２０ａ散水孔
２１ヘッダー
２２給水管
２３連結管
３０空気ドーム
３１圃場土壌
３２ボイラ
３３熱交換器
３４殺菌制御ユニット
３４ａ制御部
３５センサ
３６循環ポンプ
３７低温出湯防止センサ
３８給水用フィルタ
３９給水路
４０熱湯管
４１制御信号路
４２モータ
４３バルブ
４４センサ信号路
４５接続具[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a hot water spraying tool for soil sterilization, more specifically, to spray 70-90 ° C. hot water on cultivated soil for sterilizing pests in soil for plant cultivation, and to maintain an elevated soil temperature. This relates to a tool in which a hot water channel and a heat retaining film are integrated.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Sterilization of pests in the soil (hereinafter abbreviated as soil sterilization) has attracted attention in the field of institutional horticulture, but the main reason for its attention and implementation has been the prevention of continuous cropping disorders. The cause of continuous cropping is the growth of pests in the soil by continuous cropping in the same place and the accumulation of salt by surplus fertilizer. The purpose of soil sterilization is to prevent continuous cropping by the pests in the soil. Salt accumulation is not a subject of the present invention.
[0003]
As the soil sterilization method, four methods of sterilization with agricultural chemicals as chemical methods and sterilization with solar heat, steam sterilization and sterilization with hot water as physical methods are currently implemented.
[0004]
The main cost of sterilization with pesticides is only the cost of pesticides, which is not so difficult to implement and can be selected according to the type of crop, so the use of pesticides is effective when focusing only on the sterilization of pests .
[0005]
The sterilization by solar heat is due to the solar heat utilization method. No special equipment is required. Environmentally friendly, c. Low cost, d. The entire field can be sterilized.
[0006]
Steam sterilization is a method using steam generated in a steam boiler, and there are four methods: Hodgson pipe method, spike method, canvas hose method, and sterilization tank method. The Hodgson pipe method is the main method of steam sterilization and is used for cultivation of melons and flower buds. It is used in a limited area where the cultivation area and the passage area are isolated, and the perforated pipe is 20cm deep. Vapor is buried in the bottom and discharged upward. The spike method is used in large-area fields, and is a method in which steam is released from the tip of a spike that has been pushed to a depth of 20 cm. The canvas method is a method with good workability, and is a method in which a cloth hose is placed on the soil surface, the soil is covered with a sheet, and the vapor penetrates down into the soil. The sterilization tank method is suitable for sterilization of soil for raising seedlings and flower pots, and is widely used because a steam chamber is provided at the bottom and steam is ejected from the chamber toward the soil.
[0007]
Disadvantages of steam sterilization are that specialized knowledge is required for handling steam generating boilers, and that the boilers require frequent maintenance and have a short life span of about 4-5 years. Furthermore, the passage of steam can be made in the soil, and the temperature of the soil is easily uneven. Sterilization with pesticides has a significant adverse effect on the human body and the environment, and no one can enter the greenhouse for tens of hours after spraying. Although methyl bromide has a great bactericidal effect, it has a problem that its use is prohibited by Freon regulations after the year 2005. Solar sterilization depends on the weather and can only be carried out in fine weather in summer, and it is difficult to guarantee that it can be completely sterilized.
[0008]
From the above, the following circumstances were found. At present, steam boiler sterilization is effective when the cultivation area is isolated from other areas, such as melon and flower cultivating, because steam passage in the soil and sterilization unevenness are likely to occur. Sterilization is limited to this limited area (Hodgson method, sterilization tank method). In this way, the steam method is not used much for sterilization of the entire field. Taking into account market demands for a reliable supply of a given amount of crop, it can be concluded that what is sought as an alternative to the above method is soil sterilization of the entire field.
[0009]
For these reasons, sterilization with hot water has attracted attention. The advantages of this method are Environmentally friendly, b. Although it is limited by the ability of the boiler, the entire field can be sterilized. In addition, this method is reported to eliminate salt accumulation to some extent when the amount of watering increases.
[0010]
An example of using a traction method for disinfecting pests in soil by spraying hot water was published in the April 23, 1998 edition of the “Nippon Agricultural Newspaper”. A specific example (side sectional view) shown in the newspaper is transcribed and shown in FIG. To quote the description in the newspaper, a boiler (not shown) is connected to a greenhouse with a tube (not shown) and connected to a hot water spreader 1 having a spread width of 4.5 m. 30 liters of hot water per minute is sent by a pump (not shown) and moved at a speed of 2 to 2.5 m per hour by the winch 2 and the wire 3 while being sprayed on the ground surface. The field is covered with an aluminum vapor deposition film 4 to prevent heat dissipation. In the figure, 5 is soil and 6 is hot water.
In addition to the steam example, the hot water spraying method includes a method in which sprinkling pipes are sprayed on the soil surface or a method in which the pipes are buried in the soil and discharged.
[0011]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Although the sterilization method by hot water spraying has a certain effect, there is a disadvantage that the apparatus becomes large. The method of burying pipes in the ground takes time and labor to install the pipes, and the method of arranging the pipes and spraying hot water takes time to move the pipe group, and any method can be used to prevent heat dissipation loss Has a problem that it is necessary to cover with a heat insulating film.
[0012]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The above problem is that the upper film and the lower film facing each other are bonded at two or more first contact surfaces to form a water channel through which at least one hot water is passed, and the hot water discharge is almost at the center of the water channel forming portion of the lower film. It is solved by providing a hot water spraying tool for soil sterilization, in which a plurality of holes are formed at intervals in the same direction as the direction of the water channel.
[0013]
In addition, the above problem is that the upper film and the lower film facing each other are bonded by two or more first adhesive surfaces to form a water channel through which at least one hot water is passed, and the hot water is released almost at the center of the water channel forming portion of the lower film. A plurality of holes are formed at intervals in the same direction as the water channel, and a water spray tube is disposed in the water channel in the same direction as the water channel, and the water spray tube corresponds to the hole of the lower surface film constituting the water channel. It solves with the hot water spraying tool for soil sterilization characterized by having a watering hole formed.
[0014]
Further, the above-mentioned problem is that a water channel through which at least one hot water is passed is formed by adhering the upper surface film and the water-permeable lower surface water-permeable film to each other by two or more first adhesive surfaces, and a water spray tube is formed in the water channel. Is arranged in the same direction as the water channel, and a water spray hole is formed in a portion facing the lower surface permeable film of the water spray tube.
[0015]
Further, the above-mentioned problem is that the lower water-permeable film and the heat retaining film having high water permeability are bonded to the upper surface of the lower water-permeable film by the third adhesive surface, but two or more water spray tubes are the lower water-permeable film. The upper surface of the water spray tube is bonded to the upper surface of the water spray tube, and two or more water spray holes are formed on the upper surface of the water spray tube. Hot water is forcibly supplied to the water spray tube, and the hot water is limited by the heat retaining film. that was released into the air in the dome is solved by hot water spraying equipment for soil sterilization, wherein Rukoto infiltrated into the soil.
[0016]
[Action]
The hot water spraying tool for soil sterilization according to the present invention is integrated with a water channel through which hot water passes and an upper film and a lower film, so that the labor of installing the tool in hot water spraying can be saved and moved. Furthermore, since heat dissipation is suppressed, there is no waste of hot water heat, and in sunny weather, the temperature loss of the water channel is suppressed by sunlight and the temperature rise of the soil is secured, and the top film suppresses heat release from the soil, and the air dome The effect of suppressing heat release is further enhanced.
In addition, when hot water is sprayed with a sprinkling tube while the air dome is formed, since the hot water diffuses in the horizontal direction, a larger area can be covered with a small number of sprinkling tubes.
[0017]
【Example】
A first embodiment of a hot water spraying tool 10 for soil sterilization according to the present invention (hereinafter abbreviated as a hot water spraying tool) is a plan view partially cut out along the horizontal dotted line in FIG. As shown in the side view of FIG. 2B in the longitudinal direction, 10 is a hot water spraying tool, 11a is a top film, 11b is a bottom film, and these films are all transparent and 70 to 90 ° C. It is made of a material that can withstand hot water at a temperature of 5 mm, and is useful for keeping the soil for plant cultivation to which hot water is sprayed. In the practice of the present invention, the shape shown in the figure can be used, but if necessary, it can be extended to an arbitrary length in the vertical direction of the figure. Reference numeral 12 denotes an upper surface film 11 a, a water channel for passing hot water surrounded by the lower surface film 11 b and the adhesive surface 13, a hatched portion 13 is a first adhesive surface between the upper film 11 a and the lower film 11 b, and 14 is a side cross section of the water channel 12. It is a hole for hot water discharge | penetration opened in the lower surface film 11b seeing the figure. The water pressure of the hot water flowing through the water channel 12 is set to about 0.5 fkg / cm ² . Although three water channels 12 are illustrated, the number is appropriately set to one or more, and the plurality of water channels extend substantially in parallel in the same direction. The distance between the center lines of adjacent water channels 12 is set to 10 to 40 cm. In this embodiment, the water channel 12 for spraying hot water is formed integrally with the heat-retaining upper film 11a and the lower film 11b, and the horizontal width is set to 60 cm to 3 m and the vertical length is set to 10 to 20 m. . When the film is 3 m × 20 m = 60 m ² in many greenhouses, it is sufficient to arrange two hot water spraying devices in the horizontal direction and move them in the vertical direction. When it is desired to shorten the length in the vertical direction, it can be adjusted by bending the hot water spraying tool 10. In order to integrate the upper surface film 11a and the lower surface film 11b, an adhesive is used at the position of the adhesive surface 13 or is bonded by thermal fusion or the like. Adhesion may spread all the way between the waterways.
[0018]
2 (a) and 2 (b) are plan views and side views similar to FIGS. 1 (a) and 1 (b) of the second embodiment of the present invention, and the same parts as those shown in FIG. The white background portion between the adhesive surfaces 13 indicates the transparent portion of the upper surface film 11a and the lower surface film 11b, and the portion of the water channel 12 that is sanded in FIG. 2A indicates that the water channel 12 is colored black. This can be formed, for example, by coloring the water channel 12 portion of the upper surface film 11a in a strip shape in black. Since the black film is black, it is heated by sunlight, and heat loss of the hot water passing through the water channel 12 is reduced. Even when the water channel is long, the spraying temperature of the hot water becomes more uniform and the sterilizing effect is enhanced. The other configuration is the same as that of the first embodiment. This example is therefore effective for killing pests in summer. In winter, the top film 11a may be a silver film with high heat retention.
[0019]
FIG. 3 is a diagram of the third embodiment. FIGS. 3A and 3B are a plan view and a side view similar to FIG. 1, and the same parts as those shown in FIGS. Show. In this embodiment, the water channel 12 for spraying hot water is formed by adhering both ends in the short direction of the upper surface film 11a and the belt-like lower surface film 11b with the first adhesive surface 13, and the film only in the water channel portion is double. The film material can be reduced. The band-shaped film is set to a size of 3 to 10 cm × 10 to 20 m. As shown in FIG. 4, the water channel 12 can be formed by forming a band-like film upside down as shown in FIG. 4 to form the water channel 12, and the effect in this case is the same as described above. If the top film 11a is a black belt-like film, there is an advantage that it is not necessary to print the belt-like portion in both configurations.
[0020]
FIGS. 5 (a) and 5 (b) are a plan view and a side view similar to FIGS. 1 (a) and (b) of the fourth embodiment of the present invention, and the portions shown in FIGS. The same parts are denoted by the same reference numerals, 16 is a heat retaining film disposed above the upper film 11a, and 17 is a second adhesive surface for bonding the heat retaining film 16 and the upper film 11a. The heat retaining film 16, the upper film 11 a and the lower film 11 b are bonded to each other on the second adhesive surface to bring the upper film 11 a into close contact with the upper surface of the water channel 12. In the figure, it is drawn away from the water channel 12 to show the warming film as a separate film. This embodiment has the same configuration as the first embodiment except for the heat retaining film 16 and the second adhesive surface 17.
The heat retaining film 16 has the effect of preventing heat radiation from the ground and enhancing the sterilizing power together with the upper film 11a. The heat retaining film 16 may be a transparent film, silver film, or heat reflective film.
[0021]
6 (a) and 6 (b) are a plan view and a side view similar to FIGS. 1 (a) and (b) of the fifth embodiment of the present invention, in which the parts shown in FIGS. The same parts are denoted by the same reference numerals, 18 is a third adhesive surface formed near the center of the second adhesive surface 17, 19 is opened on one side of the third adhesive surface, in the illustrated example, above the left third adhesive surface. An air inlet, which may be provided on the opposite right side of the illustrated position, that is, above the third bonding surface 18 on the right in the drawing. In this embodiment, the inlet side of hot water in the vertical direction is sealed and air-sealed by placing soil on the side so that the water channel is not crushed or placing a weight like a chain and folding the opposite side and fixing with a clip etc. When air is introduced from 19, the volume between the upper film 11 a and the heat retaining film 16 becomes significantly larger than that in the fourth embodiment, and the air dome (or between the upper film 11 a and the heat retaining film 16 is used. (Tunnel) 30 is formed, and the heat retention effect and thus the sterilization effect is further increased. Air is introduced using a small fan or blower (not shown). The air inlet 19 may be formed on the side opposite to the case of FIG. 6 as shown in FIG. 7, and the effect in that case is the same as that of the example shown in FIG.
[0022]
FIGS. 8A and 8B are a plan view and a side view similar to FIGS. 1A and 1B of the sixth embodiment of the present invention, and the same parts as those shown in FIGS. 1 to 7 are the same. This is indicated by a symbol. In this embodiment, a water spray tube 20 extending in the same direction is sandwiched and fixed in a water channel 12 formed between an upper film 11a and a lower film 11b. Sprinkling holes 20a are formed in the portion to be performed. The adhesive is applied to the lower surface of the upper film and the upper surface of the lower film, or is applied and bonded only to the surface facing one of the other parties. Since the hot water flows through the water sprinkling tube, the adhesive surface does not necessarily have to be continuous, and may be an intermittent adhesive surface so that the water sprinkling tube can be fixed as shown in FIG. A portion of the bottom film 11b facing the hole 14 of the water channel 12 is formed with a hole 14, but a slit (not shown) may be formed instead. By installing a watering tube in the waterway, it is sufficient if the watering tube has high heat resistance and pressure resistance, so it is possible to make the top and bottom films thinner or replace with inexpensive materials, making it light and easy to handle, and manufacturing at low cost it can. Furthermore, hot water is supplied into the water channel on average and then released onto the soil, so that the effect of increasing the sterilizing power by averaging the heat retention of the soil is obtained.
[0023]
FIG. 10 is a view of a seventh embodiment of the present invention. FIGS. 10A and 10B are views similar to FIGS. 8A and 8B, and are the same as the portions shown in FIGS. Are denoted by the same reference numerals. In this embodiment, the water spray hole 20a of the water spray tube 20 is directed upward, and the water spray hole 14 of the water channel 12 is directed downward. By making the water spray hole 20a of the water spray tube 20 upward, there is an advantage that the amount of hot water coming out of the water channel becomes constant and water spray unevenness hardly occurs when the water channel becomes long.
[0024]
FIG. 11 is a view of an eighth embodiment of the present invention. FIGS. 11 (a) and (b) are plan and side views similar to FIGS. 10 (a) and 10 (b), and are shown in FIGS. The same parts as those described above are denoted by the same reference numerals, and 11c is a lower surface water-permeable film that replaces the lower film 11b. In this embodiment, the upper film 11a and the lower water permeable film 11c that face each other are bonded by a first adhesive surface 13 to form a water channel 12 through which hot water passes, and a water spray tube 20 is connected to the water channel 12 in the water channel 12. It is arranged in the same direction, a watering hole 20a is formed below the watering tube 20, and the bottom water-permeable film 11c itself is water-permeable so that the hole 14 is not formed. A nonwoven fabric may be used in place of the water permeable film, and there is an effect that the discharge of hot water is dispersed and averaged, whether it is a water permeable film or a nonwoven fabric. Other configurations are the same as those of the fifth embodiment.
[0025]
FIGS. 12A and 12B are a plan view and a side view of the ninth embodiment of the present invention, in which the same parts as those shown in FIGS. In this embodiment, the lower water-permeable film 11c and the heat retaining film 16 are bonded at the third bonding surface 18 and air is introduced from the air inlet 19 to form an air dome 30, and two or more water channels 12 are not formed. The water spray tube 20 is bonded to the upper surface of the lower surface permeable film 11c at the fourth adhesive surface 18a, and two or more water spray holes 20a are formed on the upper surface of the water spray tube 20. In the first to seventh embodiments, the sprayed hot water flows down to the soil as it is and the hot water diffuses by natural infiltration into the soil, so the interval between the waterway and the watering holes cannot be made very wide, but the watering holes 14 are formed on the upper side. Since hot water can be forcibly supplied to the sprinkling tube 20 and the hot water can be forcibly diffused from the sprinkling holes 20a, the hot water can be sprayed over a large area even if the formation of water channels is small. At this time, the hot water released into the air dome 30 penetrates into the soil by using a film having a low air permeability such as a non-woven fabric but having a high water permeability. On the left and right of the hot water spraying tool, when the air dome is formed, a bottom film is closely attached to the soil to prevent air leakage and to ensure heat retention. Alternatively, embankments, pipes, and the like may be placed on the third bonding surface 18 and overlapped. The air inlet 19 may be formed on the opposite side of the example shown in FIG. 12 as shown in FIG. 13, and the effect in that case is the same as in the example shown in FIG.
[0026]
FIG. 14 shows a header 21 used to supply hot water to the water channel 12. In the figure, reference numeral 22 denotes a water supply pipe which is connected to a connecting pipe 23, and the connecting pipe 23 is inserted into the end of the water channel 12. The header 21 is easily formed from, for example, a heat resistant plastic material.
[0027]
In use, the unit 10 comprising any of the embodiments shown in FIGS. 1 to 13 is arranged as shown in FIG. 15, the same parts as those shown in FIGS. 1 to 14 are denoted by the same reference numerals, 31 is field soil, 32 is a boiler, 33 is a heat exchanger, 34 is a sterilization control unit, 34a is a control unit, 35 ( FM) is a flow sensor, 36 (P) is a circulation pump, 37 (TH) is a low temperature hot water prevention sensor, 38 (FT) is a water supply filter, 39 is a water supply path, 40 is a hot water pipe, and one-dot chain line 41 is a control signal path. , 42 is a motor, 43 is a valve, broken line 44 is a sensor signal path, and 45 is a connector.
[0028]
Supply water (well water, irrigation water, etc.) supplied from the water supply pipe 39 becomes hot water by heat exchange with hot water supplied from the boiler 32 in the heat exchanger 33, and sprayed on the field soil 31 through the hot water pipe 40. Supplied to unit 10. In order to control the temperature of the hot water supplied to the spraying unit 10, the hot water coming out of the heat exchanger 33 is controlled to an appropriate temperature by the sterilization control unit 34. A circulation pump 36 is disposed between the boiler 32 and the heat exchanger 33 to supply hot water to the unit 10. A low temperature hot water prevention sensor 38 is provided between the heat exchanger 33 and the control unit 34a to ensure that low temperature water is not supplied. An upper solid arrow and a lower dashed arrow coming out of the control unit 34a indicate that hot water is supplied to other hot water spraying units.
[0029]
【The invention's effect】
Looking at the effects of the embodiments of the present invention,
In the basic first embodiment, the tool is composed of two facing films, and by adhering these films, a water channel for hot water spraying is formed, and hot water is sprayed on the upper and lower films. helps incubation soil, equipment can cover the entire greenhouse only move vertically arranged two tools laterally in most greenhouses by the dimensions of 3m × 20 m = 60 m ^2,
In the second embodiment, the heat loss of hot water passing through the water channel is reduced by coloring the portion of the top film 11a on the water channel 12;
In the third embodiment, the film material can be reduced by forming the water channel constituent part of either the upper film or the lower film into a strip shape,
In the fourth embodiment, by disposing a heat retaining film on the upper film 11a, heat dissipation from the soil surface is prevented and the bactericidal effect is enhanced.
In the fifth embodiment, an air dome is formed between the top film and the heat retaining film, and the heat retaining effect and thus the sterilizing effect is further enhanced,
In the sixth embodiment, a watering tube is arranged in the water channel, and hot water is supplied to the water channel from the watering hole, so that it becomes lighter and easier to handle, and can be manufactured at a lower cost.
In the seventh embodiment, the effect of making the amount of hot water released constant by releasing hot water upward from the sprinkling holes is obtained,
In the eighth embodiment, the film on the lower surface is a water permeable film. In addition to the effects of the sixth embodiment, this embodiment eliminates the need for forming the holes 14 in the lower film, and averages the discharge of hot water. Have the effect
In the ninth embodiment, an effect of covering a large area can be obtained by forcibly discharging hot water upward from the watering tube even if the number of water channels is small.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1A is a plan view of the first embodiment of the present invention, and FIG.
2A and 2B are views of a second embodiment of the present invention, in which FIG. 2A is a plan view and FIG. 2B is a side view.
3A and 3B are views of a third embodiment of the present invention, in which FIG. 3A is a plan view and FIG. 3B is a side view.
4A and 4B are views of a modification of the third embodiment of the present invention, in which FIG. 4A is a plan view and FIG. 4B is a side view.
5A and 5B are views of a fourth embodiment of the present invention, in which FIG. 5A is a plan view and FIG. 5B is a side view.
6A and 6B are views of a fifth embodiment of the present invention, in which FIG. 6A is a plan view and FIG. 6B is a side view.
7A and 7B are diagrams showing a modification of the fifth embodiment of the present invention, in which FIG. 7A is a plan view and FIG. 7B is a side view.
8A and 8B are views of a sixth embodiment of the present invention, in which FIG. 8A is a plan view and FIG. 8B is a side view.
FIG. 9 is a view of a modification of the sixth embodiment of the present invention, where FIG. 9 (a) is a plan view and FIG. 9 (b) is a side view.
10A and 10B are views of a seventh embodiment of the present invention, in which FIG. 10A is a plan view and FIG. 10B is a side view.
11A and 11B are views of an eighth embodiment of the present invention, in which FIG. 11A is a plan view and FIG. 11B is a side view.
12A and 12B are views of a ninth embodiment of the present invention, where FIG. 12A is a plan view and FIG. 12B is a side view.
FIG. 13 is a view of a modification of the ninth embodiment of the present invention, where FIG. 13 (a) is a plan view and FIG. 13 (b) is a side view.
FIG. 14 is a plan view showing the tool and header of the present invention.
FIG. 15 is a plan view showing a practical example of the present invention.
FIG. 16 is a schematic side view of a conventional example.
[Explanation of symbols]
10 Hot water spraying tool for soil sterilization (hot water spraying tool)
11a Upper surface film 11b Lower surface film 11c Lower surface water permeable film 12 Water channel 13 First adhesive surface 14 Hole 15 Black film 16 Heat retaining film 17 Second adhesive surface 18 Third adhesive surface 18a Fourth adhesive surface 19 Air inlet 20 Sprinkling tube 20a Sprinkling hole 21 Header 22 Water supply pipe 23 Connection pipe 30 Air dome 31 Field soil 32 Boiler 33 Heat exchanger 34 Sterilization control unit 34a Control part 35 Sensor 36 Circulation pump 37 Low temperature hot water prevention sensor 38 Water supply filter 39 Water supply path 40 Hot water pipe 41 Control signal path 42 Motor 43 Valve 44 Sensor signal path 45 Connector

Claims

対面する上面フィルム（１１ａ）と下面フィルム（１１ｂ）は２以上の第１接触面（１３）で接着されて少なくとも１つの熱湯を通す水路（１２）が形成されてなり、
下面フィルム（１１ｂ）の水路（１２）形成部分のほぼ中央には熱湯放出のための複数個の孔（１４）が水路（１２）の方向と同方向に間隔をおいて形成されてなることを特徴とする土壌殺菌用の熱湯散布用具。The upper surface film (11a) and the lower surface film (11b) facing each other are bonded by two or more first contact surfaces (13) to form a water channel (12) through which at least one hot water is passed,
A plurality of holes (14) for discharging hot water are formed at substantially the center of the water channel (12) forming portion of the bottom film (11b) at intervals in the same direction as the direction of the water channel (12). A hot water spraying tool for soil sterilization.

上面フィルム（１１ａ）の水路（１２）上の部分は黒く着色されている請求項１記載の土壌殺菌用の熱湯散布用具。The hot water spraying tool for soil sterilization according to claim 1, wherein a portion of the top film (11a) on the water channel (12) is colored black.

下面フィルム（１１ｂ）は帯状のフィルムで形成され２以上の第１接着面（１３）において上面フィルム（１１ａ）に接着されて第１接着面（１３）の間に水路（１２）が構成されてなる請求項１記載の土壌殺菌用の熱湯散布用具。The lower film (11b) is formed of a belt-like film and is bonded to the upper film (11a) at two or more first adhesive surfaces (13) to form a water channel (12) between the first adhesive surfaces (13). The hot water spraying tool for soil sterilization according to claim 1.

保温用フィルム（１６）が上面フィルム（１１ａ）の上方に配置され、保温用フィルム（１６）の水路（１２）の横方向の両端部と上面フィルム（１１ａ）の同方向の両端部とは第２接着面（１７）において上面フィルム（１１ａ）が水路（１２）の上面に密着する状態に接着される請求項１記載の土壌殺菌用の熱湯散布用具。The heat retaining film (16) is disposed above the upper film (11a), and the both ends in the horizontal direction of the water channel (12) of the heat retaining film (16) and the both ends in the same direction of the upper film (11a) are The hot water spraying tool for soil sterilization according to claim 1, wherein the upper surface film (11a) is adhered to the upper surface of the water channel (12) on the two adhesive surfaces (17).

第２接着面（１７）の水路（１２）寄りの第３接着面（１８）において保温用フィルム（１６）は上面フィルム（１１ａ）に接着され、第３接着面（１８）のいずれか一方の上方に形成した空気導入口（１９）からの空気導入により上面フィルム（１１ａ）と保温用フィルム（１６）との間に空気ドーム（３０）が形成されてなる請求項４記載の土壌殺菌用の熱湯散布用具。In the third adhesive surface (18) near the water channel (12) of the second adhesive surface (17), the heat retaining film (16) is adhered to the upper surface film (11a), and one of the third adhesive surfaces (18) The soil sterilizing material according to claim 4, wherein an air dome (30) is formed between the top film (11a) and the heat retaining film (16) by introducing air from an air inlet (19) formed above. Hot water spraying tool.

対面する上面フィルム（１１ａ）と下面フィルム（１１ｂ）は２以上の第１接着面（１３）で接着されて少なくとも１つの熱湯を通す水路（１２）を形成してなり、
下面フィルム（１１ｂ）の水路（１２）形成部分のほぼ中央に熱湯放出のための複数個の孔（１４）が水路（１２）と同方向に間隔をおいて形成され、
水路（１２）内に散水チューブ（２０）が水路（１２）と同方向に配置され、散水チューブ（２０）には水路（１２）を構成する下面フィルム（１１ｂ）の孔（１４）に対応して散水孔（２０ａ）が形成されてなることを特徴とする土壌殺菌用の熱湯散布用具。The upper film (11a) and the lower film (11b) facing each other are bonded by two or more first bonding surfaces (13) to form a water channel (12) through which at least one hot water passes,
A plurality of holes (14) for discharging hot water are formed at substantially the center of the water channel (12) forming portion of the bottom film (11b) at intervals in the same direction as the water channel (12).
A watering tube (20) is disposed in the water channel (12) in the same direction as the water channel (12), and the watering tube (20) corresponds to the hole (14) of the lower surface film (11b) constituting the water channel (12). A hot water spraying tool for soil sterilization, wherein watering holes (20a) are formed.

散水孔（２０ａ）は散水チューブ（２０）の上面のほぼ中央位置に形成されてなる請求項６記載の土壌殺菌用の熱湯散布用具。The hot water spraying tool for soil sterilization according to claim 6, wherein the water spray hole (20a) is formed at a substantially central position on the upper surface of the water spray tube (20).

対面する上面フィルム（１１ａ）と透水性のある下面透水性フィルム（１１ｃ）とは２以上の第１接着面（１３）で接着されて少なくとも１つの熱湯を通す水路（１２）が形成されてなり、
水路（１２）内に散水チューブ（２０）が該水路と同方向に配置され、散水チューブ（２０）の下面透水性フィルム（１１ｃ）に面する部分に散水孔（２０ａ）が形成されてなることを特徴とする土壌殺菌用の熱湯散布用具。The facing upper surface film (11a) and the water permeable lower surface permeable film (11c) are bonded by two or more first adhesive surfaces (13) to form a water channel (12) through which at least one hot water passes. ,
In the water channel (12), the water spray tube (20) is disposed in the same direction as the water channel, and the water spray hole (20a) is formed in the portion of the water spray tube (20) facing the lower surface permeable film (11c). A hot water spraying tool for soil sterilization.

通気性は低いが、透水性の高い下面透水性フィルム（１１ｃ）と保温用フィルム（１６）は下面透水性フィルム（１１ｃ）の上面に第３接着面（１８）で接着され、２以上の散水チューブ（２０）は下面透水性フィルム（１１ｃ）の上面に第４接着面（１８ａ）において接着され、散水チューブ（２０）の上面には２以上の散水孔（２０ａ）が形成されてなり、散水チューブ（２０）に強制的に熱湯を供給し、熱湯を散水孔（２０ａ）から保温用フィルム（１６）により限定される空気ドーム（３０）内に放出し土壌へ浸透させることを特徴とする土壌殺菌用の熱湯散布用具。 Although the air permeability is low, the lower water-permeable film (11c) and the heat retaining film (16) having high water permeability are bonded to the upper surface of the lower water-permeable film (11c) by the third adhesive surface (18), and two or more water sprays The tube (20) is bonded to the upper surface of the lower surface permeable film (11c) at the fourth adhesive surface (18a), and two or more water spray holes (20a) are formed on the upper surface of the water spray tube (20). forcibly supplying hot water to the tube (20), characterized by Rukoto infiltrated hot water from water spray holes (20a) to be released into the air dome to be limited (30) soil by thermal insulation film (16) Hot water spraying tool for soil sterilization.