JP3752194B2 - Rice husk molding, pavement structure and ground structure - Google Patents

Rice husk molding, pavement structure and ground structure Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3752194B2
JP3752194B2 JP2002117830A JP2002117830A JP3752194B2 JP 3752194 B2 JP3752194 B2 JP 3752194B2 JP 2002117830 A JP2002117830 A JP 2002117830A JP 2002117830 A JP2002117830 A JP 2002117830A JP 3752194 B2 JP3752194 B2 JP 3752194B2
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rice husk
adhesive
cement
rice
molded body
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JP2003313068A (en
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正司 松場
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正司 松場
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/91Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete

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  • Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、籾殻成形体、舗装構造及び地盤構造に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
籾殻、セメント、水、接着剤等の混練物を所定形状に固化させた成形体には、従来、特開2000−220247号公報に記載の軽量ブリックがある。この軽量ブリックはセメントと砂と土とに籾殻を混ぜて撹拌し、これに更に接着剤と水とを混ぜて撹拌した後、その混練物を型枠により成形して製造されている。各材料の調合比率は、セメントを3とした場合に、重量比で籾殻が0.5、砂が1〜1.5、土が1〜1.5である。
【0003】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
この従来の成形体は、一般に建築用壁材等に利用されるが、重量的にその大部分を占めるセメントと砂と土とに極く少量の籾殻を混ぜて混練し成型したものであって、籾殻に対するセメント、砂、土の重量比が非常に大であるため、内部の隙間が少なく、通気性、断熱性等に欠け、また調湿性に劣る欠点がある。
【0004】
しかもセメント、砂、土の重量比が非常に大であるため、重量的にも非常に重たく十分に軽量化できない上に、成型体の成型後の切断、その他の二次加工が困難であるという欠点がある。
【0005】
本発明は、このような従来の問題点に鑑み、透水性、通気性、断熱性、弾力性等の優れた性質を有し、多岐の用途に幅広く利用でき、しかも成型後の切断等の二次加工を容易にできる籾殻成形体を提供すると共に、この籾殻成形体の性質を利用した舗装構造及び地盤構造を提供することを目的とする。
【0006】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明に係る籾殻成形体は、殻2及びセメントが重量比1対2〜5で混合された、土、砂等の骨材を含まない混合物に水及び接着剤を加えて混練した混練物を固化してなる籾殻成形体であって、略全体に分散する無数の籾殻2の表面に、セメントペースト及び接着剤が固化し且つ各籾殻2の略全面を薄膜状に覆う被覆層3が形成されると共に、隣接する各籾殻2がその各被覆層3間に隙間4を形成するように、被覆層3と同じセメントペースト及び接着剤が固化してなる結合部5で直接又は被覆層3を介して結合され、隙間4が略全体に分散して連続状に形成されている。
【0007】
また本発明に係る舗装構造は、土、砕石等の基盤部11,15上に表層部12,17aが設けられた舗装構造において、表層部12,17aは殻2及びセメントが重量比1対3〜5で混合された、土、砂等の骨材を含まない混合物に水及び接着剤を加えて混練した混練物を固化してなる籾殻成形体1により構成され、該籾殻成形体1は略全体に分散する無数の籾殻2の表面に、セメントペースト及び接着剤が固化し且つ各籾殻2の略全面を薄膜状に覆う被覆層3が形成されると共に、隣接する各籾殻2がその各被覆層3間に隙間4を形成するように該被覆層3を介して結合され、隙間4が略全体に分散して連続状に形成されている。
【0008】
更に本発明に係る地盤構造は、ゴルフ場のグリーン20等の地盤構造において、芝生23等を植生する表層部22の下側に、殻2及びセメントが重量比1対2〜4で混合された、土、砂等の骨材を含まない混合物に水及び接着剤を加えて混練した混練物を固化してなる籾殻成形体層21が設けられ、該籾殻成形体層21は略全体に分散する無数の籾殻2の表面に、セメントペースト及び接着剤が固化し且つ各籾殻2の略全面を薄膜状に覆う被覆層3が形成されると共に、隣接する各籾殻2がその各被覆層3間に隙間4を形成するように該被覆層3を介して結合され、隙間4が略全体に分散して連続状に形成されている。
【0009】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明の各実施形態を図面に基づいて詳細に説明する。
【0010】
図1〜図3は本発明の第1の実施形態を例示し、基礎材料としての籾殻成形体を示している。図1において、1は籾殻成形体であり、この籾殻成形体1は、籾殻2とセメントとを主要材料とし、これらに適当量の水及び接着剤を加えた混練物を、型枠により用途に応じて所定形状に成型し固化したものである。
【0011】
この籾殻成形体1は、無数の籾殻2が略全体に略均一に分散しており、その無数の籾殻2の表面に、図2及び図3に示すようにセメントペースト及び接着剤が固化し且つ各籾殻2の略全面を薄膜状に覆う被覆層3が形成されている。そして、隣接する各籾殻2は、その各被覆層3間に隙間4を形成するように、被覆層3と同一のセメントペースト及び接着剤が固化した結合部5で直接又は被覆層3を介して互いに結合され、隙間4が籾殻成形体1の略全体に略均一に分散して連続状に形成されている。
【0012】
各材料の調合比率は籾殻成形体1の用途によっても異なるが、重量比で籾殻:セメント:水:接着剤を1:2:1:0.2、又は1:3:1.25:0.3、又は1:4:1.5:0.4、又は1:5:2:0.5程度としている。何れの調合比率の場合にも、セメントに比べて比重の小さい籾殻2の体積が非常に多くなっている。
【0013】
籾殻2は籾殻成形体1の略全体にわたって略均一に分散しているが、夫々が不規則な方向を向いた状態になっている。なお、籾殻2は均一に分散していることが望ましいが、部分的に多少のムラがあっても、全体として略均一であれば十分である。
【0014】
被覆層3は、セメントペースト及び接着剤が固化したもので、不規則に分散する籾殻2の表面の略全面を薄膜状に覆うように形成されている。そして、隣接する籾殻2の被覆層3は、被覆層3と同質の結合部5で互いに結合されており、この被覆層3の間に隙間4が形成されている。
【0015】
隙間4は、籾殻成形体1の略全体にわたって略均一に分散すると共に、夫々がその周辺の隙間4と連続するように形成されている。従って、隣接する複数の籾殻2が結合部5で相互に結合され、しかも各籾殻2が不規則な方向を向いていることから、隙間4は周囲の隙間4と複雑に絡み合うように網目状に連続しており、この隙間4を通って空気、水等が籾殻成形体1の全方向に透過できるようになっている。
【0016】
この籾殻成形体1を製造する際には、まず籾殻2とセメントとを混合して撹拌する。この撹拌はセメント混練用のミキサー等を用いれば容易に行なうことができるが、手作業により行なっても良い。また籾殻2とセメントとの混合比率は、籾殻2を1としたとき、重量比でセメントを2〜5程度の範囲で籾殻成形体1の用途に応じて決定すれば良い。例えば、籾殻成形体1を建築用断熱材に用いる場合には、籾殻:セメントを1:2程度にする。
【0017】
籾殻2とセメントとが十分に混合すれば、水と接着剤とを混ぜ合わせたものを入れて、撹拌し混練して混練物を調製する。水、接着剤の籾殻2に対する混合比率は、籾殻2を1としたときに重量比で水を1〜2、接着剤を0.2〜0.5程度の範囲で籾殻成形体1の用途に応じて設定する。例えば、建築用断熱材の場合には、籾殻:水:接着剤を重量比で1:1:0.2程度に設定する。接着剤には、アクリル系、エチレン酢酸ビニル系、SBR系等のモルタル接着増強剤を用いており、これにより籾殻2相互の結合力を大きくでき、籾殻成形体1の強度を大にできる。
【0018】
籾殻2、セメント等を所定の状態まで混練した後、その混練物を用途に応じた所定形状の型枠に流し込んで成型する。建築用断熱材の場合であれば、縦180cm、横90cmの型枠を用い、この型枠に厚みが7cm程度となるように混練物を流し込む。なお、型枠の大きさ、型枠に流し込む際の混練物の厚みは適宜決定すれば良い。
【0019】
次に型枠内の混練物を厚み方向に加圧し、所定時間養生する。建築用断熱材の場合には、混練物を型枠に流し込んだ時点の7cm程度の厚みに対して、固化後の籾殻成形体1の厚みが5cm程度になるように6〜8割程度の体積まで加圧する。この加圧は、混練物を型枠に流し込んだ後に所定時間だけ行なうようにしても良いし、混練物が固化するまで継続して行なうようにしても良い。混練物が型くずれしない程度に固まれば、型枠から脱型し、更に乾燥が必要であれば乾燥させる。
【0020】
このように成型した籾殻成形体1は、主要材料の籾殻2及びセメントに水及び接着剤を加えた混練物を固化しているので、従来のものに比較してセメントの使用量が非常に少ない上に、土、砂等を使用していないため、非常に重量が軽く軽量化できると共に、切断等の二次加工が非常に容易である。
【0021】
しかも、この籾殻成形体1は、その略全体に分散する無数の籾殻2の表面に、セメントペースト及び接着剤が固化し且つ各籾殻2の略全面を薄膜状に覆う被覆層3が形成されると共に、隣接する各籾殻2がその各被覆層3間に隙間4を形成するように、被覆層3と同じセメントペースト及び接着剤が固化してなる結合部5で直接又は被覆層3を介して結合され、隙間4が略全体に分散して連続状に形成されており、透水性、通気性、断熱性、弾力性等の優れた性質を有し、多岐の用途に幅広く活用できる利点がある。
【0022】
例えば建築用断熱材に用いる場合には、板状に成型した籾殻成形体1を通常の断熱材と同様に壁材の内部等に設ける。この場合には、薄い被覆層3で覆われた籾殻2、被覆層3相互間の隙間4等により、所定の調湿性、呼吸性、通気性、断熱性を得ることができる。
【0023】
また一般的に用途のない籾殻2を原料としているため、籾殻2を有効に利用できると共に、材料の調達が容易であり、安価に製造することができる。しかも化学製品、石油製品等を用いた断熱材を用いる場合に比べ、籾殻2は天然材であり、有害化学物質、アレルギー原等が発生する心配もなく、環境、人体等への悪影響も防止できる。
【0024】
図4は本発明の第2の実施形態を例示し、籾殻2とセメントとの籾殻成形体1をインターロッキングブロック6に適用したものである。このインターロッキングブロック6は、図2及び図3に示す第1の実施形態と同様に、主要材料の籾殻2及びセメントに水及び接着剤を加えた混練物を固化してなる籾殻成形体1を用いたものであって、略全体に分散する無数の籾殻2の表面に、セメントペースト及び接着剤が固化し且つ各籾殻2の略全面を薄膜状に覆う被覆層3が形成されると共に、隣接する各籾殻2がその各被覆層3間に隙間4を形成するように、被覆層3と同じセメントペースト及び接着剤が固化してなる結合部5で直接又は被覆層3を介して結合され、隙間4が略全体に分散して連続状に形成されている。
【0025】
なお、製造方法は第1の実施形態と略同様であり、インターロッキングブロック6に適した形状の型枠を用いて成型する。また各材料の混合比率は、籾殻:セメント:水:接着剤を重量比で1:3〜4:0.3〜0.4:1.3〜1.5程度に設定する。型枠に流し込んだ後の加圧の程度も適宜決定すれば良い。
【0026】
このインターロッキングブロック6を歩道等に施工する際は、土等の地盤7の上に砕石8を敷き詰め、その砕石8の上側に砂9を敷き、この砂9の上側にインターロッキングブロック6を組み合わせて並べていく。なお、各インターロッキングブロック6間の目地に目地砂9aを充填しておけば、インターロッキングブロック6の横ズレを防止できると共に、インターロッキングブロック6同士の接触による損傷等を防止できる。
【0027】
このインターロッキングブロック6は、その略全体に連続状に隙間4が形成されているので、透水性が良く路面の排水性が向上する。また籾殻成形体1の内部と同様にその表面側にも籾殻2、隙間4があり表面が粗面状に構成されているので、滑り止め効果が大であると共に、雨の跳ね上がり等も減少し、雨天でも歩行者が歩きやすい。更に、籾殻2の弾力性により歩行者の足への負担を緩和又は軽減できる。
【0028】
図5は本発明の第3の実施形態を例示し、遊歩道10の舗装構造を示している。この遊歩道10の舗装構造は、基盤部11と、その上側の表層部12とを備え、表層部12の幅方向の両側には縁石13が設けられている。基盤部11は、雨水等により沈下、流動等が起こらないように、土、砕石等を敷き詰めて押し固めることにより形成されている。
【0029】
表層部12は、図2及び図3に示す第1の実施形態と略同様に、主要材料の籾殻2及びセメントに水及び接着剤を加えた混練物を固化してなる籾殻成形体1により構成されている。そして、この籾殻成形体1は略全体に分散する無数の籾殻2の表面に、セメントペースト及び接着剤が固化し且つ各籾殻2の略全面を薄膜状に覆う被覆層3が形成されると共に、隣接する各籾殻2がその各被覆層3間に隙間4を形成するように、被覆層3と同じセメントペースト及び接着剤が固化してなる結合部5で直接又は被覆層3を介して結合され、隙間4が略全体に分散して連続状に形成されている。なお、各材料の混合比率は、籾殻:セメント:水:接着剤を重量比で1:3〜4:0.3〜0.4:1.3〜1.5程度に設定すれば良い。
【0030】
このような遊歩道10の施工の際には、まず施工現場で土、砕石等を敷き詰め、押し固めて基盤部11を形成する。このとき基盤部11の上面は水平でも良いし、傾斜しても良い。そして、表層部12を設ける部分に対応してベニヤ板等で枠を組み、その枠の中に籾殻2、セメント、水及び接着剤の混練物を流し込む。その後、混練物を上側から加圧する。なお、この加圧は、混練物の上面側をならし、枠内に混練物を行きわたらせる程度で十分である。その後、混練物が固まるまで養生する。
【0031】
なお、舗装面積が大きい場合は、複数段階に区切って施工するようにしても良い。また混練物を流し込む前に縁石13を設け、その縁石13により枠を構成しても良い。縁石13は必ずしも設けなくても良いし、建造物の壁面等により兼用しても良い。
【0032】
この遊歩道10の舗装構造の場合にも、表層部12を構成する籾殻成形体1により、インターロッキングブロック6の場合と同様の効果を得ることができる。また表層部12全体が多量の籾殻2を含む籾殻成形体1によりできているため、アスファルト等を用いた場合に比較して、表層部12による日光の照り返し、輻射熱等を少なくでき、しかも自然に調和し、都市の緑化等に貢献できる。
【0033】
図6〜図8は本発明の第4の実施形態を例示し、駐車場14の舗装構造を示している。駐車場14は住宅26と道路27との間等に設けられ、車を駐車するための駐車領域16と、その周辺部17とに分かれている。なお、この実施形態では、周辺部17の周辺表層部17aに本発明を適用している。
【0034】
この駐車場14の舗装構造は、基盤部15の上側に防水シート18を介して、駐車領域16を構成する駐車域表層部16aと、その周囲の周辺部17を構成する周辺表層部17aとを備えると共に、雨水等を排出するための排水溝19を備えている。
【0035】
基盤部15は、砕石等を敷き詰めて押し固めることにより形成されている。また基盤部15の上面は、排水溝19側に向かって下向きの傾斜状に形成されている。なお、基盤部15の下側は土29等により構成されている。
【0036】
防水シート18は、ビニールシート、ゴムシート等の防水性、耐腐食性を有するシートにより構成され、基盤部15の上側に駐車領域16と周辺部17とに跨って、それらの略全面に対応するように設けられている。
【0037】
駐車領域16はコンクリート等からなる駐車域表層部16aにより構成されている。駐車域表層部16aは、車の占有領域よりもやや大きい程度に、防水シート18の上側に適当な厚みをもって設けられている。なお、駐車域表層部16aの上面は、排水溝19側に向かって下向きの傾斜状に形成されており、雨水等が排水溝19に流れ込むようになっている。
【0038】
周辺部17は、排水溝19側を除いて駐車領域16を取り囲んでおり、その周辺表層部17aは、防水シート18の上側に籾殻2、セメント、水及び接着剤の混練物を固化させてなる籾殻成形体1により形成されている。
【0039】
周辺表層部17aは、図2及び図3に示す第1の実施形態と略同様に、主要材料の籾殻2及びセメントに水及び接着剤を加えた混練物を固化してなる籾殻成形体1により構成されている。そして、この籾殻成形体1は略全体に分散する無数の籾殻2の表面に、セメントペースト及び接着剤が固化し且つ各籾殻2の略全面を薄膜状に覆う被覆層3が形成されると共に、隣接する各籾殻2がその各被覆層3間に隙間4を形成するように、被覆層3と同じセメントペースト及び接着剤が固化してなる結合部5で直接又は被覆層3を介して結合され、隙間4が略全体に分散して連続状に形成されている。なお、各材料の混合比率は、籾殻:セメント:水:接着剤を重量比で1:5:0.5:2程度に設定すれば良い。
【0040】
周辺表層部17aの上面は、駐車域表層部16aの上面と略面一となるように、排水溝19側に向かって下向きの傾斜状に形成されている。また周辺表層部17aの上面と駐車域表層部16aの上面とが略面一でなく、どちらか一方が突出するように構成しても良い。周辺表層部17aの上面、駐車域表層部16aの上面は、略水平状に形成しても良い。
【0041】
排水溝19は、駐車領域16と周辺部17とに跨ってその略全長に設けられ、防水シート18上の雨水等が排水溝19に流れ込み易いように、その上端が防水シート18と略面一又は防水シート18よりも下側となるように配置されている。なお、排水溝19は蓋19aを備えている。
【0042】
このような駐車場14の舗装の施工の際には、まず所定位置に排水溝19を設け、舗装する部分に対応して砕石等を敷き詰め、押し固めて基盤部15を形成する。このとき基盤部15の上面を排水溝19側に傾斜させると共に、基盤部15の傾斜の下端側でその上面と排水溝19の上端とが略面一になるようにする。
【0043】
次に基盤部15の上面側に、駐車域表層部16a及び周辺表層部17aの略全面に対応するように防水シート18を敷く。このとき、排水溝19の上端と基盤部15の傾斜の下端側の上面とが略面一になっているので、防水シート18が排水溝19の上端と略面一又は排水溝19の上端よりも上側になる。
【0044】
そして駐車域表層部16a用の型枠をベニヤ板等により設置して、その型枠に生コンクリートを流し込む。コンクリートが固まれば型枠を外し、周辺表層部17aの外縁にベニヤ板等の型枠を設置し、その型枠と駐車域表層部16aの外縁との間に籾殻2、セメント、水及び接着剤の混練物を流し込む。
【0045】
混練物を外枠と駐車域表層部16aとの間に流し込んだ後、上側から加圧する。この加圧は、混練物の上面側をならし、混練物を外枠と駐車域表層部16aとの間に行きわたらせる程度で十分である。そして、混練物が固まれば型枠を取り外す。
【0046】
この駐車場14の舗装構造は、周辺表層部17aの略全体にわたって略均一に連続状に隙間4が形成されており、雨水等を周辺表層部17aの下側に排水できる。また基盤部15の上面を傾斜状に形成し、その上側に防水シート18を敷くと共に、この防水シート18を排水溝19の上端と略面一又は排水溝19の上端よりも上側に設けているので、雨水等を排水溝19に確実に排水でき、大雨等にも対応できる。更に周辺表層部17aの上面が粗面状になっているので、滑り止め効果が大であり、アスファルト、コンクリート等に比べて光の照り返し、輻射熱等も少なくできる。
【0047】
図9は本発明の第5の実施形態を例示し、ゴルフ場のグリーン20の地盤構造を示している。このグリーン20の地盤構造は、基盤層24の上側に籾殻成形体層21を備え、この籾殻成形体層21の上側の砂層等の表層部22に芝生23が植生されている。
【0048】
即ち、芝生23等を植生する表層部22の下側に、主要材料の籾殻2及びセメントに水及び接着剤を加えた混練物を固化してなる籾殻成形体層21が設けられている。そして、この籾殻成形体層21は、図2及び図3に示す第1の実施形態の籾殻成形体1と略同様に構成され、略全体に分散する無数の籾殻2の表面に、セメントペースト及び接着剤が固化し且つ各籾殻2の略全面を薄膜状に覆う被覆層3が形成されると共に、隣接する各籾殻2がその各被覆層3間に隙間4を形成するように、被覆層3と同じセメントペースト及び接着剤が固化してなる結合部5で直接又は被覆層3を介して結合され、隙間4が略全体に分散して連続状に形成されている。
【0049】
籾殻成形体層21は、芝生23が植生された表層部22の略全面にわたって設けられている。表層部22は籾殻成形体層21の上側に適当な厚みをもって設けられており、この表層部22の上側に芝生23が植生されている。従って、このグリーン20の地盤構造は、芝生23の上側の雨水等が表層部22を透過して籾殻成形体層21に達し、更に籾殻成形体層21を経て排水できるようになっている。なお、各材料の混合比率は、籾殻:セメント:水:接着剤を重量比で1:2〜4:0.2〜0.4:1.0〜1.5程度に設定すれば良い。
【0050】
このようなグリーン20の施工の際には、まずグリーン20の範囲に対応して基盤層24に穴を掘り、必要に応じてその穴の底面を押し固める。穴の大きさ、深さ等は、籾殻成形体層21及び表層部22の厚み、完成後のグリーン20の形状等を考慮して適宜決定すれば良い。
【0051】
次に籾殻2、セメント、水及び接着剤の混練物を適当な厚みになるように流し込む。この場合、ベニヤ板等の枠を設け、その枠の中に混練物を流し込むようにしても良いし、混練物を直接流し込むようにしても良い。
【0052】
混練物を流し込んだ後に、混練物を上側から加圧する。この加圧は、混練物の上面側をならし、混練物を全体に行きわたらせる程度で十分である。そして、混練物が固化して籾殻成形体層21が完成したら、その上側に砂を敷いて表層部22を形成し、この表層部22の上側に芝生23を植生する。なお、籾殻成形体層21と芝生23との間には、表層部22以外のもの、例えば土層等を設けても良い。
【0053】
このようなグリーン20の地盤構造は、籾殻成形体層21の略全体にわたって略均一に連続状に隙間4が形成されており、雨水等を表層部22を介して籾殻成形体層21側から排水できるので、余分な水分を芝生23の付近から除去でき、芝生23が根腐れ等を起こし難くできる。また籾殻成形体層21に通気性があるため、芝生23の生育を好くできる。従って、芝生23の維持、管理が容易になり、管理費等の経費の削減に寄与できる。
【0054】
以上、本発明の各実施形態を詳述したが、本発明は実施形態に限定されるものではなく、本発明の趣旨を逸脱しない範囲で種々の変更が可能である。例えば、第1及び第2の実施形態では、籾殻成形体1を建築用断熱材及びインターロッキングブロック6の用途に用いているが、これ以外の用途に用いることも可能である。
【0055】
第3の実施形態では、遊歩道10の舗装の表層部12に、籾殻2、セメント等の混練物を固化させたものを用いているが、遊歩道10以外にも、商店街、公園等の舗装に用いても良い。
【0056】
第4の実施形態では、駐車場14の周辺部17を構成する周辺表層部17aに、籾殻2、セメント等の混練物を固化させたものを用いているが、駐車領域16を構成する駐車域表層部16aも含めた駐車場14の表層部全体に用いても良い。また駐車場14以外にも、庭、ベランダ等の舗装の表層部に用いても良い。
【0057】
第5の実施形態では、グリーン20の芝生23の下側に、籾殻2、セメント等の混練物を固化させた籾殻成形体層21を設けているが、グリーン20以外にも、例えばサッカー場、野球場等の芝生23を植生する場所に設けても良い。また芝生23以外の植物を植生する場合にも適用可能である。
【0058】
基礎材料としての籾殻成形体1、又は舗装の表層部12,17aには、着色することも可能である。その場合、混練物が固化した後に塗料を吹き付けて着色しても良いし、各材料と共に塗料を混合、撹拌して混練物の段階で着色しても良い。
【0059】
各実施形態に示した材料の混合比率はあくまでも例示であり、用途に応じて適宜変更すれば良い。例えば硬質に構成する場合は籾殻2の混合比率を小さくすれば良いし、軽量又は軟質に構成する場合は籾殻2の混合比率を大きくすれば良い。
【0061】
【発明の効果】
本発明は、殻2及びセメントが重量比1対2〜5で混合された、土、砂等の骨材を含まない混合物に水及び接着剤を加えて混練した混練物を固化してなる籾殻成形体であって、略全体に分散する無数の籾殻2の表面に、セメントペースト及び接着剤が固化し且つ各籾殻2の略全面を薄膜状に覆う被覆層3が形成されると共に、隣接する各籾殻2がその各被覆層3間に隙間4を形成するように、被覆層3と同じセメントペースト及び接着剤が固化してなる結合部5で直接又は被覆層3を介して結合され、隙間4が略全体に分散して連続状に形成されているので、透水性、通気性、断熱性、弾力性等の優れた性質を有し、多岐の用途に幅広く活用できる。
【0062】
また土、砕石等の基盤部11,15上に表層部12,17aが設けられた舗装構造において、表層部12,17aは殻2及びセメントが重量比1対3〜5で混合された、土、砂等の骨材を含まない混合物に水及び接着剤を加えて混練した混練物を固化してなる籾殻成形体1により構成され、該籾殻成形体1は略全体に分散する無数の籾殻2の表面に、セメントペースト及び接着剤が固化し且つ各籾殻2の略全面を薄膜状に覆う被覆層3が形成されると共に、隣接する各籾殻2がその各被覆層3間に隙間4を形成するように該被覆層3を介して結合され、隙間4が略全体に分散して連続状に形成されているので、籾殻成形体1の性質を効果的に利用した舗装が可能である。
【0063】
更にゴルフ場のグリーン20等の地盤構造において、芝生23等を植生する表層部22の下側に、殻2及びセメントが重量比1対2〜4で混合された、土、砂等の骨材を含まない混合物に水及び接着剤を加えて混練した混練物を固化してなる籾殻成形体層21が設けられ、該籾殻成形体層21は略全体に分散する無数の籾殻2の表面に、セメントペースト及び接着剤が固化し且つ各籾殻2の略全面を薄膜状に覆う被覆層3が形成されると共に、隣接する各籾殻2がその各被覆層3間に隙間4を形成するように該被覆層3を介して結合され、隙間4が略全体に分散して連続状に形成されているているので、籾殻成形体層21の性質を効果的に利用して表層部の芝生23等を植生でき、その芝生23等の維持、管理を容易にできる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の第1の実施形態を例示する籾殻とセメントとの籾殻成形体の斜視図である。
【図2】本発明の第1の実施形態を例示する籾殻の結合状態の概略説明図である。
【図3】本発明の第1の実施形態を例示する籾殻と被覆層との拡大断面図である。
【図4】本発明の第2の実施形態を例示するインターロッキングブロックの使用態様を示す断面図である。
【図5】本発明の第3の実施形態を例示する遊歩道の舗装構造の断面図である。
【図6】本発明の第4の実施形態を例示する駐車場とその周辺の概略平面図である。
【図7】本発明の第4の実施形態を例示する駐車場の舗装構造の正面断面図である。
【図8】本発明の第4の実施形態を例示する駐車場の舗装構造の側面断面図である。
【図9】本発明の第5の実施形態を例示するグリーンの地盤構造の断面図である。
1 籾殻成形体
2 籾殻
3 被覆層
4 隙間
5 結合部
11,15 基盤部
12 表層部
17a 周辺表層部
20 グリーン
21 籾殻成形体層
22 表層部
23 芝生
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to rice husk moldings, pavement structures, and ground structures.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, a molded article obtained by solidifying a kneaded material such as rice husk, cement, water, and adhesive into a predetermined shape includes a lightweight brick described in JP-A No. 2000-220247. This lightweight brick is manufactured by mixing rice husk with cement, sand and earth and stirring, further mixing and stirring an adhesive and water, and then molding the kneaded material with a mold. The mixing ratio of each material is 0.5 for rice husk, 1 to 1.5 for sand, and 1 to 1.5 for soil when the cement is 3.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
This conventional molded body is generally used for building wall materials and the like, and is a mixture of kneading and mixing a very small amount of rice husk into cement, sand and earth, which occupy most of its weight. Since the weight ratio of cement, sand, and earth to rice husk is very large, there are few internal gaps, lack of air permeability, heat insulation, etc., and poor humidity control.
[0004]
Moreover, the weight ratio of cement, sand and soil Is not Since it is always large, there is a drawback that it is very heavy in weight and cannot be sufficiently reduced in weight, and it is difficult to cut the molded body after molding and other secondary processing.
[0005]
In view of such conventional problems, the present invention has excellent properties such as water permeability, air permeability, heat insulation, elasticity, etc., and can be widely used for various applications. It is an object of the present invention to provide a rice husk molded body that can be easily processed, and to provide a pavement structure and a ground structure using the properties of the rice husk molded body.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The rice husk molded body according to the present invention is: Shell 2 and cement Is a mixture that does not contain aggregates such as soil and sand, mixed in a weight ratio of 1 to 2-5 Add water and glue to Kneaded A molded rice husk formed by solidifying the kneaded material, and a coating layer 3 that solidifies cement paste and an adhesive on the surface of innumerable rice husks 2 dispersed almost entirely and covers substantially the entire surface of each rice husk 2 in a thin film shape. Are formed, and the adjacent rice husks 2 form gaps 4 between the respective coating layers 3, so that the same cement paste and adhesive as the coating layer 3 are solidified directly or at the bonding portion 5 3, the gap 4 is dispersed substantially throughout and formed continuously.
[0007]
The pavement structure according to the present invention is a pavement structure in which the surface layer portions 12 and 17a are provided on the base portions 11 and 15 such as soil and crushed stone. Shell 2 and cement Is a mixture that does not contain aggregates such as soil and sand, mixed at a weight ratio of 1 to 3 Add water and glue to Kneaded The rice husk molded body 1 is formed by solidifying the kneaded material, and the rice husk molded body 1 is formed on the surface of an infinite number of rice husks 2 dispersed throughout the cement paste and the adhesive and the substantially entire surface of each rice husk 2 is covered. A coating layer 3 covering the thin film is formed, and adjacent rice husks 2 are joined via the coating layer 3 so as to form a gap 4 between the coating layers 3, and the gap 4 is dispersed substantially throughout. Thus, it is formed continuously.
[0008]
Furthermore, in the ground structure according to the present invention, in the ground structure such as the green 20 of the golf course, on the lower side of the surface layer portion 22 where the lawn 23 and the like are vegetated, Shell 2 and cement Is a mixture that does not contain aggregates of soil, sand, etc. Add water and glue to Kneaded A rice husk molded body layer 21 formed by solidifying the kneaded material is provided, and the rice husk molded body layer 21 is solidified with cement paste and an adhesive on the surface of innumerable rice husks 2 dispersed throughout, and substantially A covering layer 3 that covers the entire surface in a thin film is formed, and adjacent rice husks 2 are joined via the covering layer 3 so as to form gaps 4 between the respective covering layers 3. It is dispersed and formed continuously.
[0009]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
[0010]
1 to 3 illustrate a first embodiment of the present invention and show a rice husk molded body as a basic material. In FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 denotes a rice husk molded body. The rice husk molded body 1 includes a rice husk 2 and cement as main materials, and a kneaded material in which appropriate amounts of water and an adhesive are added to the use by a mold. Accordingly, it is molded into a predetermined shape and solidified.
[0011]
In this rice husk molded body 1, innumerable rice husks 2 are dispersed substantially uniformly throughout the whole, and cement paste and an adhesive are solidified on the surface of the innumerable rice husks 2 as shown in FIGS. A covering layer 3 is formed to cover substantially the entire surface of each chaff 2 in the form of a thin film. Then, the adjacent rice husks 2 are directly or via the coating layer 3 at the joint portions 5 in which the same cement paste and adhesive as the coating layer 3 are solidified so as to form a gap 4 between the coating layers 3. The gaps 4 are connected to each other, and the gaps 4 are substantially uniformly dispersed throughout the rice husk molding 1 so as to be continuously formed.
[0012]
The mixing ratio of each material varies depending on the use of the rice husk molding 1, but the weight ratio of rice husk: cement: water: adhesive is 1: 2: 1: 0.2 or 1: 3: 1.25: 0. 3, or 1: 4: 1.5: 0.4, or 1: 5: 2: 0.5. In any blending ratio, the volume of rice husk 2 having a small specific gravity compared to cement is very large.
[0013]
The rice husks 2 are distributed substantially uniformly over substantially the entire rice husk molded body 1, but each is in an irregular direction. The rice husk 2 is desirably dispersed uniformly, but even if there is some unevenness, it is sufficient if it is substantially uniform as a whole.
[0014]
The coating layer 3 is formed by solidifying cement paste and an adhesive, and is formed so as to cover substantially the entire surface of the rice husk 2 that is irregularly dispersed in a thin film shape. The covering layers 3 of the adjacent rice husks 2 are connected to each other by a joint portion 5 that is the same as the covering layer 3, and a gap 4 is formed between the covering layers 3.
[0015]
The gaps 4 are formed so as to be distributed substantially uniformly over substantially the entire rice husk molding 1 and to be continuous with the gaps 4 around the gaps 4. Accordingly, a plurality of adjacent rice husks 2 are connected to each other by the connecting portion 5 and each of the rice husks 2 faces in an irregular direction, so that the gap 4 has a mesh shape so as to be intertwined with the surrounding gap 4 in a complicated manner. It is continuous, and air, water, etc. can permeate | transmit to all the directions of the rice hull molded object 1 through this clearance gap 4. FIG.
[0016]
When manufacturing this rice husk molded object 1, the rice husk 2 and cement are first mixed and stirred. This stirring can be easily performed by using a mixer for cement kneading or the like, but may be performed manually. Moreover, what is necessary is just to determine the mixing ratio of the rice husk 2 and cement according to the use of the rice husk molded object 1 in the range of about 2-5 cement by weight ratio, when the rice husk 2 is 1. For example, when the rice husk molding 1 is used as a heat insulating material for building, the ratio of rice husk: cement is set to about 1: 2.
[0017]
If the rice husk 2 and the cement are sufficiently mixed, a mixture of water and an adhesive is added, stirred and kneaded to prepare a kneaded product. The mixing ratio of water and adhesive to rice husk 2 is 1 to 2 in terms of weight ratio of rice husk 2 and 1 to the use of rice husk molding 1 in the range of about 0.2 to 0.5 adhesive. Set accordingly. For example, in the case of a building heat insulating material, the weight ratio of chaff: water: adhesive is set to about 1: 1: 0.2. As the adhesive, a mortar adhesion enhancer such as acrylic, ethylene vinyl acetate, or SBR is used, whereby the bonding strength between the rice husks 2 can be increased, and the strength of the rice husk molding 1 can be increased.
[0018]
After the rice husk 2, cement and the like are kneaded to a predetermined state, the kneaded product is poured into a mold having a predetermined shape according to the application and molded. In the case of a building heat insulating material, a 180 cm long and 90 cm wide formwork is used, and the kneaded material is poured into the formwork so that the thickness is about 7 cm. In addition, what is necessary is just to determine the magnitude | size of a formwork and the thickness of the kneaded material at the time of pouring into a formwork suitably.
[0019]
Next, the kneaded material in the mold is pressurized in the thickness direction and cured for a predetermined time. In the case of a heat insulating material for construction, the volume of about 60 to 80% so that the thickness of the rice husk molded body 1 after solidification becomes about 5 cm with respect to the thickness of about 7 cm when the kneaded material is poured into the mold. Pressurize until. This pressurization may be performed for a predetermined time after the kneaded material is poured into the mold, or may be continuously performed until the kneaded material is solidified. When the kneaded product has hardened to such an extent that it does not lose its shape, it is removed from the mold, and further dried if necessary.
[0020]
The molded rice husk molded body 1 is solidified with the rice husk 2 as a main material and the kneaded material obtained by adding water and an adhesive to the cement, so that the amount of cement used is very small compared to the conventional one. In addition, since no soil, sand, or the like is used, the weight is very light and the weight can be reduced, and secondary processing such as cutting is very easy.
[0021]
Moreover, in the rice husk molded body 1, a coating layer 3 is formed on the surface of an infinite number of rice husks 2 that are dispersed throughout substantially the entire surface of each rice husk 2 in the form of a thin film. In addition, the adjacent rice husks 2 form gaps 4 between the respective coating layers 3 so that the same cement paste and adhesive as the coating layers 3 are solidified at the joints 5 formed directly or through the coating layers 3. Combined, the gap 4 is dispersed substantially throughout and formed in a continuous shape, has excellent properties such as water permeability, air permeability, heat insulation, elasticity, etc., and has the advantage that it can be widely used for various applications .
[0022]
For example, when used as a heat insulating material for buildings, the rice husk molded body 1 formed into a plate shape is provided inside a wall material or the like in the same manner as a normal heat insulating material. In this case, predetermined humidity control, breathability, breathability, and heat insulation can be obtained by the rice husk 2 covered with the thin coating layer 3, the gap 4 between the coating layers 3, and the like.
[0023]
Moreover, since the rice husk 2 which is generally not used is used as a raw material, the rice husk 2 can be used effectively, and the procurement of the material is easy, and it can be manufactured at low cost. Moreover, compared to the case of using a heat insulating material made of chemical products, petroleum products, etc., the rice husk 2 is a natural material, and there is no fear of generating harmful chemical substances, allergens, etc., and it is possible to prevent adverse effects on the environment, the human body, etc. .
[0024]
FIG. 4 illustrates a second embodiment of the present invention, in which a rice husk molded body 1 of rice husk 2 and cement is applied to the interlocking block 6. As in the first embodiment shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the interlocking block 6 includes a rice husk molded body 1 obtained by solidifying a rice husk 2 as a main material and a kneaded material obtained by adding water and an adhesive to cement. A coating layer 3 is formed on the surface of innumerable rice husks 2 dispersed almost throughout, and the cement paste and the adhesive are solidified and the substantially entire surface of each rice husk 2 is covered with a thin film. The respective rice husks 2 are bonded directly or via the coating layer 3 at a bonding portion 5 formed by solidifying the same cement paste and adhesive as the coating layer 3 so that a gap 4 is formed between the coating layers 3. The gaps 4 are formed so as to be dispersed substantially throughout.
[0025]
The manufacturing method is substantially the same as that of the first embodiment, and is molded using a mold having a shape suitable for the interlocking block 6. Moreover, the mixing ratio of each material is set to about 1: 3 to 4: 0.3 to 0.4: 1.3 to 1.5 by weight ratio of rice husk: cement: water: adhesive. What is necessary is just to determine suitably the grade of the pressurization after pouring into a formwork.
[0026]
When constructing this interlocking block 6 on a sidewalk or the like, crushed stone 8 is spread on the ground 7 such as soil, sand 9 is laid on the upper side of the crushed stone 8, and the interlocking block 6 is combined on the upper side of the sand 9 And line up. In addition, if the joint sand 9a is filled in the joint between each interlocking block 6, the lateral displacement of the interlocking block 6 can be prevented, and damage due to contact between the interlocking blocks 6 can be prevented.
[0027]
Since the interlocking block 6 has the gap 4 formed continuously in substantially the whole, the water permeability is good and the drainage of the road surface is improved. Further, as in the inside of the rice husk molded body 1, the surface side is provided with the rice husk 2 and the gap 4 and the surface is formed into a rough surface, so that the anti-slip effect is great and the splash of rain is reduced. Pedestrians can walk easily even in rainy weather. Furthermore, the burden on the pedestrian's feet can be reduced or reduced by the elasticity of the chaff 2.
[0028]
FIG. 5 illustrates a third embodiment of the present invention and shows the pavement structure of the promenade 10. The pavement structure of this promenade 10 includes a base portion 11 and a surface layer portion 12 on the upper side thereof, and curbs 13 are provided on both sides of the surface layer portion 12 in the width direction. The base 11 is formed by laying and pressing soil, crushed stones, and the like so as not to sink or flow due to rainwater or the like.
[0029]
The surface layer portion 12 is configured by a rice husk molded body 1 formed by solidifying a kneaded material obtained by adding water and an adhesive to cement and a main material of the rice husk 2 and the first embodiment shown in FIGS. 2 and 3. Has been. The rice husk molded body 1 has a coating layer 3 formed on the surface of innumerable rice husks 2 dispersed almost entirely, with the cement paste and the adhesive solidified and covering almost the entire surface of each rice husk 2 in the form of a thin film. The adjacent rice husks 2 are bonded directly or via the coating layer 3 at the bonding portion 5 formed by solidifying the same cement paste and adhesive as the coating layer 3 so that a gap 4 is formed between the coating layers 3. The gaps 4 are formed so as to be dispersed substantially throughout. In addition, what is necessary is just to set the mixing ratio of each material to about 1: 3-4: 0.3-0.4: 1.3-1.5 by a weight ratio of rice husk: cement: water: adhesive.
[0030]
When constructing such a promenade 10, first, soil, crushed stone, and the like are spread on the construction site and pressed to form the base portion 11. At this time, the upper surface of the base portion 11 may be horizontal or inclined. Then, a frame is assembled with a plywood plate or the like corresponding to the portion where the surface layer portion 12 is provided, and the kneaded material of rice husk 2, cement, water and adhesive is poured into the frame. Thereafter, the kneaded product is pressurized from above. The pressurization is sufficient to level the upper surface side of the kneaded product and distribute the kneaded product in the frame. Then, it is cured until the kneaded product is hardened.
[0031]
In addition, when a pavement area is large, you may make it divide | segment and construct in several steps. Further, a curb 13 may be provided before pouring the kneaded material, and the curb 13 may constitute a frame. The curb 13 may not necessarily be provided, or may be shared by the wall surface of the building.
[0032]
Even in the case of the pavement structure of the promenade 10, the same effect as in the case of the interlocking block 6 can be obtained by the rice husk molded body 1 constituting the surface layer portion 12. In addition, since the entire surface layer portion 12 is made of the rice husk molded body 1 including a large amount of rice husk 2, the reflection of sunlight and radiant heat by the surface layer portion 12 can be reduced as compared with the case where asphalt or the like is used. Harmonize and contribute to urban greening.
[0033]
6-8 illustrate the 4th Embodiment of this invention and have shown the pavement structure of the parking lot 14. As shown in FIG. The parking lot 14 is provided between a house 26 and a road 27, and is divided into a parking area 16 for parking a car and a peripheral portion 17 thereof. In this embodiment, the present invention is applied to the peripheral surface layer portion 17a of the peripheral portion 17.
[0034]
The pavement structure of the parking lot 14 has a parking area surface layer portion 16a constituting the parking area 16 and a peripheral surface layer portion 17a constituting the peripheral area 17 surrounding the parking area 16 via a waterproof sheet 18 on the upper side of the base portion 15. A drainage groove 19 is provided for discharging rainwater and the like.
[0035]
The base portion 15 is formed by spreading and crushing crushed stones or the like. Further, the upper surface of the base portion 15 is formed in a downward inclined shape toward the drainage groove 19 side. In addition, the lower side of the base part 15 is comprised with the soil 29 grade | etc.,.
[0036]
The waterproof sheet 18 is composed of a sheet having waterproofness and corrosion resistance, such as a vinyl sheet and a rubber sheet. The waterproof sheet 18 extends over the parking area 16 and the peripheral part 17 on the upper side of the base part 15 and corresponds to substantially the entire surface thereof. It is provided as follows.
[0037]
The parking area 16 is constituted by a parking area surface layer portion 16a made of concrete or the like. The parking area surface layer portion 16a is provided with an appropriate thickness on the upper side of the waterproof sheet 18 so as to be slightly larger than the occupation area of the vehicle. In addition, the upper surface of the parking area surface layer portion 16 a is formed in a downward inclined shape toward the drainage groove 19, and rainwater or the like flows into the drainage groove 19.
[0038]
The peripheral portion 17 surrounds the parking area 16 except for the drainage groove 19 side, and the peripheral surface layer portion 17a is formed by solidifying the kneaded material of rice husk 2, cement, water and adhesive on the upper side of the waterproof sheet 18. The rice husk molded body 1 is formed.
[0039]
As in the first embodiment shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the peripheral surface layer portion 17 a is made of a rice husk molded body 1 formed by solidifying a rice husk 2 as a main material and a kneaded material obtained by adding water and an adhesive to cement. It is configured. The rice husk molded body 1 has a coating layer 3 formed on the surface of innumerable rice husks 2 dispersed almost entirely, with the cement paste and the adhesive solidified and covering almost the entire surface of each rice husk 2 in the form of a thin film. The adjacent rice husks 2 are bonded directly or via the coating layer 3 at the bonding portion 5 formed by solidifying the same cement paste and adhesive as the coating layer 3 so that a gap 4 is formed between the coating layers 3. The gaps 4 are formed so as to be dispersed substantially throughout. In addition, what is necessary is just to set the mixing ratio of each material to about 1: 5: 0.5: 2 by a weight ratio of rice husk: cement: water: adhesive.
[0040]
The upper surface of the peripheral surface layer portion 17a is formed to be inclined downward toward the drainage groove 19 so as to be substantially flush with the upper surface of the parking area surface layer portion 16a. Further, the upper surface of the peripheral surface layer portion 17a and the upper surface of the parking area surface layer portion 16a may not be substantially flush with each other, and either one may protrude. The upper surface of the peripheral surface layer portion 17a and the upper surface of the parking area surface layer portion 16a may be formed substantially horizontally.
[0041]
The drainage groove 19 is provided over substantially the entire length across the parking area 16 and the peripheral portion 17, and the upper end of the drainage groove 19 is substantially flush with the waterproof sheet 18 so that rainwater or the like on the waterproof sheet 18 easily flows into the drainage groove 19. Alternatively, it is arranged to be lower than the waterproof sheet 18. The drainage groove 19 includes a lid 19a.
[0042]
At the time of pavement construction of such a parking lot 14, first, a drainage groove 19 is provided at a predetermined position, and crushed stones or the like are laid down and pressed corresponding to the portion to be paved to form the base portion 15. At this time, the upper surface of the base portion 15 is inclined toward the drainage groove 19, and the upper surface of the base portion 15 is substantially flush with the upper end of the drainage groove 19 on the lower end side of the inclination of the base portion 15.
[0043]
Next, the waterproof sheet 18 is laid on the upper surface side of the base portion 15 so as to correspond to substantially the entire surface of the parking area surface layer portion 16a and the peripheral surface layer portion 17a. At this time, since the upper end of the drainage groove 19 and the upper surface on the lower end side of the slope of the base portion 15 are substantially flush, the waterproof sheet 18 is substantially flush with the upper end of the drainage groove 19 or from the upper end of the drainage groove 19. Will also be on the top.
[0044]
And the formwork for parking area surface layer part 16a is installed with a plywood board etc., and ready-mixed concrete is poured into the formwork. Once the concrete has hardened, remove the formwork and place a formwork such as plywood on the outer edge of the peripheral surface layer portion 17a. Between the formwork and the outer edge of the parking surface surface portion 16a, the rice husk 2, cement, water and adhesive Pour the kneaded material.
[0045]
After the kneaded material is poured between the outer frame and the parking area surface layer portion 16a, pressure is applied from above. This pressurization is sufficient to level the upper surface side of the kneaded material and spread the kneaded material between the outer frame and the parking zone surface layer portion 16a. And if a kneaded material hardens, a formwork will be removed.
[0046]
In the pavement structure of the parking lot 14, the gaps 4 are formed substantially uniformly and continuously over substantially the entire peripheral surface layer portion 17a, and rainwater and the like can be drained below the peripheral surface layer portion 17a. Further, the upper surface of the base portion 15 is formed in an inclined shape, and a waterproof sheet 18 is laid on the upper side, and the waterproof sheet 18 is provided substantially flush with the upper end of the drainage groove 19 or above the upper end of the drainage groove 19. Therefore, rainwater or the like can be reliably drained into the drainage groove 19 and can cope with heavy rain. Furthermore, since the upper surface of the peripheral surface layer portion 17a is rough, the anti-slip effect is great, and light reflection, radiant heat, and the like can be reduced compared to asphalt, concrete, and the like.
[0047]
FIG. 9 illustrates a fifth embodiment of the present invention and shows the ground structure of the golf course green 20. The ground structure of the green 20 includes a rice husk molded body layer 21 on the upper side of the base layer 24, and a lawn 23 is vegetated on a surface layer portion 22 such as a sand layer on the upper side of the rice husk molded body layer 21.
[0048]
That is, a rice husk formed body layer 21 formed by solidifying a rice husk 2 as a main material and a kneaded material in which water and an adhesive are added to cement is provided below the surface layer portion 22 where the lawn 23 and the like are vegetated. The rice husk molded body layer 21 is configured in substantially the same manner as the rice husk molded body 1 of the first embodiment shown in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3, and cement paste and The coating layer 3 is formed so that the adhesive is solidified and a covering layer 3 is formed to cover substantially the entire surface of each chaff 2 in a thin film shape, and the adjacent chaff 2 forms a gap 4 between the respective coating layers 3. The cement paste and the adhesive which are the same as those in FIG. 5 are bonded directly or through the coating layer 3, and the gaps 4 are dispersed substantially throughout and formed continuously.
[0049]
The rice husk molded body layer 21 is provided over substantially the entire surface layer portion 22 where the lawn 23 is vegetated. The surface layer portion 22 is provided with an appropriate thickness on the upper side of the rice husk molded body layer 21, and a lawn 23 is vegetated on the upper side of the surface layer portion 22. Accordingly, the ground structure of the green 20 allows rainwater or the like on the upper side of the lawn 23 to pass through the surface layer portion 22 to reach the rice husk molded body layer 21 and further drain through the rice husk molded body layer 21. In addition, what is necessary is just to set the mixing ratio of each material to about 1: 2-4: 0.2-0.4: 1.0-1.5 by the weight ratio rice husk: cement: water: adhesive.
[0050]
When constructing such a green 20, first, a hole is dug in the base layer 24 corresponding to the range of the green 20, and the bottom surface of the hole is pressed as necessary. The size, depth, and the like of the hole may be appropriately determined in consideration of the thickness of the rice husk molded body layer 21 and the surface layer portion 22, the shape of the green 20 after completion, and the like.
[0051]
Next, the kneaded material of rice husk 2, cement, water and adhesive is poured into an appropriate thickness. In this case, a frame such as a plywood plate may be provided, and the kneaded material may be poured into the frame, or the kneaded material may be directly poured.
[0052]
After pouring the kneaded product, the kneaded product is pressurized from above. This pressurization is sufficient to level the upper surface side of the kneaded material and spread the kneaded material throughout. When the kneaded product is solidified and the rice husk molded body layer 21 is completed, sand is spread on the upper side to form the surface layer part 22, and the lawn 23 is vegetated on the upper side of the surface layer part 22. In addition, you may provide things other than the surface layer part 22, for example, a soil layer, etc. between the rice husk forming body layer 21 and the lawn 23.
[0053]
In such a ground structure of the green 20, the gaps 4 are formed substantially uniformly and continuously over substantially the entire rice husk molded body layer 21, and rainwater or the like is drained from the rice husk molded body layer 21 side through the surface layer portion 22. Therefore, excess water can be removed from the vicinity of the lawn 23, and the lawn 23 can hardly cause root rot and the like. Further, since the rice husk molded body layer 21 has air permeability, the growth of the lawn 23 can be favored. Therefore, the maintenance and management of the lawn 23 are facilitated, which can contribute to the reduction of expenses such as management costs.
[0054]
While the embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments, and various modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention. For example, in the first and second embodiments, the rice husk molded body 1 is used for a building heat insulating material and an interlocking block 6, but may be used for other purposes.
[0055]
In the third embodiment, solidified kneaded material such as rice husk 2 and cement is used for the surface layer part 12 of the pavement 10 of the promenade 10. It may be used.
[0056]
In 4th Embodiment, what solidified kneaded materials, such as rice husk 2 and cement, is used for the peripheral surface layer part 17a which comprises the peripheral part 17 of the parking lot 14, However, The parking area which comprises the parking area | region 16 You may use for the whole surface layer part of the parking lot 14 also including the surface layer part 16a. Further, in addition to the parking lot 14, it may be used for a surface layer portion of a pavement such as a garden or a veranda.
[0057]
In the fifth embodiment, a rice husk molded body layer 21 in which a kneaded material such as rice husk 2 and cement is solidified is provided below the lawn 23 of the green 20, but other than the green 20, for example, a soccer field, It may be provided at a place where the lawn 23 is vegetated such as a baseball field. Moreover, it is applicable also when planting plants other than the lawn 23.
[0058]
It is also possible to color the rice husk molded body 1 as a basic material or the surface layers 12 and 17a of the pavement. In that case, after the kneaded material is solidified, the paint may be sprayed to be colored, or the paint may be mixed with each material and stirred to be colored at the kneaded product stage.
[0059]
The mixing ratio of the materials shown in each embodiment is merely an example, and may be changed as appropriate according to the application. For example, when it is configured to be hard, the mixing ratio of rice husk 2 may be reduced, and when it is configured to be lightweight or soft, the mixing ratio of rice husk 2 may be increased.
[0061]
【The invention's effect】
The present invention Shell 2 and cement Is a mixture that does not contain aggregates such as soil and sand, mixed in a weight ratio of 1 to 2-5 Add water and glue to Kneaded A molded rice husk formed by solidifying the kneaded material, and a coating layer 3 that solidifies cement paste and an adhesive on the surface of innumerable rice husks 2 dispersed almost entirely and covers substantially the entire surface of each rice husk 2 in a thin film shape. Are formed, and the adjacent rice husks 2 form gaps 4 between the respective coating layers 3, so that the same cement paste and adhesive as the coating layer 3 are solidified directly or at the bonding portion 5 3, and the gap 4 is formed in a continuous state by being dispersed almost entirely, so that it has excellent properties such as water permeability, air permeability, heat insulation, elasticity, etc. Can be used.
[0062]
In the pavement structure in which the surface layer portions 12 and 17a are provided on the base portions 11 and 15 such as soil and crushed stone, the surface layer portions 12 and 17a are Shell 2 and cement Is a mixture that does not contain aggregates such as soil and sand, mixed at a weight ratio of 1 to 3 Add water and glue to Kneaded The rice husk molded body 1 is formed by solidifying the kneaded material, and the rice husk molded body 1 is formed on the surface of an infinite number of rice husks 2 dispersed throughout the cement paste and the adhesive and the substantially entire surface of each rice husk 2 is covered. A coating layer 3 covering the thin film is formed, and adjacent rice husks 2 are joined via the coating layer 3 so as to form a gap 4 between the coating layers 3, and the gap 4 is dispersed substantially throughout. Since it is formed in a continuous manner, pavement that effectively utilizes the properties of the rice husk molded body 1 is possible.
[0063]
Furthermore, in the ground structure such as green 20 of the golf course, on the lower side of the surface layer portion 22 where the grass 23 and the like are vegetated, Shell 2 and cement Is a mixture that does not contain aggregates of soil, sand, etc. Add water and glue to Kneaded A rice husk molded body layer 21 formed by solidifying the kneaded material is provided, and the rice husk molded body layer 21 is solidified with cement paste and an adhesive on the surface of innumerable rice husks 2 dispersed throughout, and substantially A covering layer 3 that covers the entire surface in a thin film is formed, and adjacent rice husks 2 are joined via the covering layer 3 so as to form gaps 4 between the respective covering layers 3. The surface lawn 23 can be vegetated by effectively utilizing the properties of the rice husk molded body layer 21 and can be easily maintained and managed. it can.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a rice husk molded body of rice husk and cement illustrating a first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic explanatory view of a combined state of rice husks illustrating the first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a rice husk and a coating layer illustrating the first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a usage mode of an interlocking block illustrating a second embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a pavement structure for a promenade illustrating a third embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a schematic plan view of a parking lot and its surroundings illustrating a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a front sectional view of a pavement structure for a parking lot illustrating a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a side cross-sectional view of a parking lot pavement structure illustrating a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of a green ground structure illustrating a fifth embodiment of the invention.
1 Rice husk molding
2 Rice husk
3 Coating layer
4 Clearance
5 joints
11, 15 Base part
12 Surface layer
17a Surrounding surface layer
20 green
21 Rice husk molding layer
22 Surface layer
23 Lawn

Claims (3)

殻(2)及びセメントが重量比1対2〜5で混合された、土、砂等の骨材を含まない混合物に水及び接着剤を加えて混練した混練物を固化してなる籾殻成形体であって、略全体に分散する無数の籾殻(2)の表面に、セメントペースト及び接着剤が固化し且つ各籾殻(2)の略全面を薄膜状に覆う被覆層(3)が形成されると共に、隣接する各籾殻(2)がその各被覆層(3)間に隙間(4)を形成するように、被覆層(3)と同じセメントペースト及び接着剤が固化してなる結合部(5)で直接又は被覆層(3)を介して結合され、隙間(4)が略全体に分散して連続状に形成されていることを特徴とする籾殻成形体。Chaff molding the rice husk (2), and cement were mixed in a weight ratio of 1: 2 to 5, formed by solidifying the soil, to the mixture containing no aggregate such as sand by adding water and an adhesive kneaded product obtained by kneading A coating layer (3) is formed on the surface of innumerable rice husks (2), which is a body, and the cement paste and adhesive are solidified and covers almost the entire surface of each rice husk (2) in the form of a thin film. At the same time, a joint portion formed by solidifying the same cement paste and adhesive as the coating layer (3) so that each adjacent rice husk (2) forms a gap (4) between the coating layers (3). 5) A rice husk molded body, which is bonded directly or through a coating layer (3), and the gap (4) is dispersed substantially throughout and formed into a continuous shape. 土、砕石等の基盤部(11)(15)上に表層部(12)(17a)が設けられた舗装構造において、表層部(12)(17a)は殻(2)及びセメントが重量比1対3〜5で混合された、土、砂等の骨材を含まない混合物に水及び接着剤を加えて混練した混練物を固化してなる籾殻成形体(1)により構成され、該籾殻成形体(1)は略全体に分散する無数の籾殻(2)の表面に、セメントペースト及び接着剤が固化し且つ各籾殻(2)の略全面を薄膜状に覆う被覆層(3)が形成されると共に、隣接する各籾殻(2)がその各被覆層(3)間に隙間(4)を形成するように該被覆層(3)を介して結合され、隙間(4)が略全体に分散して連続状に形成されていることを特徴とする舗装構造。Sat, base portion such crushed stone (11) (15) in a pavement structure surface portion (12) (17a) is provided on the surface layer portion (12) (17a) is rice husk (2) and cement weight ratio A rice husk formed body (1) obtained by solidifying a kneaded product obtained by adding water and an adhesive to a mixture containing no aggregate such as soil and sand mixed in a ratio of 1 to 3 In the molded body (1), a coating layer (3) is formed on the surface of innumerable rice husks (2) dispersed almost throughout, and the cement paste and the adhesive are solidified and the entire surface of each rice husk (2) is covered in a thin film. In addition, the adjacent rice husks (2) are joined via the covering layer (3) so as to form a gap (4) between the respective covering layers (3), and the gap (4) is almost entirely formed. A pavement structure characterized by being dispersed and continuously formed. ゴルフ場のグリーン(20)等の地盤構造において、芝生(23)等を植生する表層部(22)の下側に、殻(2)及びセメントが重量比1対2〜4で混合された、土、砂等の骨材を含まない混合物に水及び接着剤を加えて混練した混練物を固化してなる籾殻成形体層(21)が設けられ、該籾殻成形体層(21)は略全体に分散する無数の籾殻(2)の表面に、セメントペースト及び接着剤が固化し且つ各籾殻(2)の略全面を薄膜状に覆う被覆層(3)が形成されると共に、隣接する各籾殻(2)がその各被覆層(3)間に隙間(4)を形成するように該被覆層(3)を介して結合され、隙間(4)が略全体に分散して連続状に形成されていることを特徴とする地盤構造。In ground structures such as golf green (20), the turf (23) or the like on the lower side of the surface layer portion of vegetation (22), the rice husk (2), and cement were mixed in a weight ratio of 1: 2-4 And a rice husk molded body layer (21) formed by solidifying a kneaded product obtained by adding water and an adhesive to a mixture containing no aggregate such as earth and sand, and the rice husk molded body layer (21) is substantially On the surface of countless rice husks (2) dispersed throughout, a cement layer and an adhesive are solidified, and a coating layer (3) is formed that covers almost the entire surface of each rice husk (2) in a thin film shape. The rice husks (2) are joined via the coating layer (3) so as to form gaps (4) between the respective coating layers (3), and the gaps (4) are dispersed substantially throughout to form a continuous shape. A ground structure characterized by being made.
JP2002117830A 2002-04-19 2002-04-19 Rice husk molding, pavement structure and ground structure Expired - Fee Related JP3752194B2 (en)

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JP2005207117A (en) * 2004-01-22 2005-08-04 Gifuken Shinrin Kumiai Rengokai Wood chip pavement
JP2007097566A (en) * 2005-10-06 2007-04-19 Silver Recycle:Kk Method for producing water-retaining laying member for greening

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