JP3741147B2 - Pulse wave sensor - Google Patents

Pulse wave sensor Download PDF

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JP3741147B2
JP3741147B2 JP2005123787A JP2005123787A JP3741147B2 JP 3741147 B2 JP3741147 B2 JP 3741147B2 JP 2005123787 A JP2005123787 A JP 2005123787A JP 2005123787 A JP2005123787 A JP 2005123787A JP 3741147 B2 JP3741147 B2 JP 3741147B2
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pulse wave
detection unit
wrist
belt
sensor
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JP2005246089A (en
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理江 大崎
禎祐 木村
直樹 深谷
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Denso Corp
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Denso Corp
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Description

本発明は、人体の脈波を検出する脈波センサに関する。   The present invention relates to a pulse wave sensor that detects a pulse wave of a human body.

従来技術として、例えば特開平１１−７００８７号公報に開示された腕時計型脈波検出装置がある。この脈波検出装置は、人体の手首に装着して使用するもので、脈波を検出する検出部と表示部を有するセンサ本体とを有し、センサ本体に取り付けられたバンドを介して検出部を手首の腹側（裏側）に固定し、その検出部で検出された脈波情報を手首の甲側に設けたセンサ本体の表示部に表示することができる。   As a prior art, for example, there is a wristwatch type pulse wave detection device disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 11-70087. This pulse wave detection device is used by being worn on the wrist of a human body, and has a detection unit for detecting a pulse wave and a sensor main body having a display unit, and a detection unit via a band attached to the sensor main body. Can be fixed to the ventral side (back side) of the wrist, and the pulse wave information detected by the detection unit can be displayed on the display unit of the sensor body provided on the back side of the wrist.

ところが、手首の腹側には、２本の骨（橈骨と尺骨）が通っているため、手首を動かした時等に、皮膚表面の動きが大きく、検出部が手首の検出部位からずれ易いという問題がある。また、検出部を手首の腹側に固定すると、橈骨や尺骨を圧迫するため、装着感が悪くなる。その結果、無意識に手首を動かすことが多くなり、安定した状態で脈波を検出することが困難となる。本発明は、上記事情に基づいて成されたもので、その目的は、安定した脈波検出ができ、検出確率の高い脈波センサを提供することにある。   However, since two bones (radius and ulna) pass through the ventral side of the wrist, when the wrist is moved, the movement of the skin surface is large, and the detection part is easily displaced from the detection part of the wrist. There's a problem. In addition, when the detection unit is fixed to the ventral side of the wrist, the ribs and the ulna are pressed, so that the wearing feeling is deteriorated. As a result, the wrist is often moved unconsciously, and it becomes difficult to detect the pulse wave in a stable state. The present invention has been made based on the above circumstances, and an object thereof is to provide a pulse wave sensor capable of detecting a stable pulse wave and having a high detection probability.

発光素子と受光素子を具備する検出部と、この検出部と信号線を介して接続された回路部を内蔵するセンサ本体とを備え、検出部を人体の手首または前腕部に取り付けて人体の脈波を検出する脈波センサであって、検出部は第１のベルトによって手首または前腕部に固定され、センサ本体は、検出部の上部に重ねて配置され、第１のベルトの外側に巻き付けられる第２のベルトによって手首または前腕部に固定されることを特徴とする。   A detection unit including a light emitting element and a light receiving element; and a sensor main body including a circuit unit connected to the detection unit via a signal line. The detection unit is attached to a wrist or a forearm of a human body and is connected to a human body pulse. A pulse wave sensor for detecting a wave, wherein the detection unit is fixed to a wrist or a forearm portion by a first belt, and the sensor main body is disposed to overlap the detection unit and wound around the outside of the first belt. It is fixed to the wrist or the forearm by the second belt.

この構成によれば、センサ本体とは別に検出部を固定する専用のベルト（第１のベルト）を具備しているので、センサ本体の動きが検出部に伝わり難く、検出部で安定した脈波検出ができる。   According to this configuration, since the dedicated belt (first belt) for fixing the detection unit is provided separately from the sensor main body, the movement of the sensor main body is difficult to be transmitted to the detection unit, and a stable pulse wave at the detection unit. Can be detected.

また、第１のベルトは伸縮性を有する素材を使用してもよい。   The first belt may be made of a stretchable material.

さらに、第１のベルトによる手首に加える圧力は、５〜１５ｍｍＨｇに制限するようにしてもよい。   Further, the pressure applied to the wrist by the first belt may be limited to 5 to 15 mmHg.

次に、本発明の脈波センサの実施例を図面に基づいて説明する。図１は脈波センサの取付け状態を示す断面図である。本実施例の脈波センサ１は、人体の脈波を計測して医療診断や健康診断等に用いるもので、検出部２とセンサ本体３とを有し、図１に示すように、人体の手首４の甲側（背側）に取り付けて使用される。   Next, embodiments of the pulse wave sensor of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing an attached state of the pulse wave sensor. The pulse wave sensor 1 of the present embodiment is used for medical diagnosis and health checkup by measuring the pulse wave of the human body, and has a detection unit 2 and a sensor main body 3, and as shown in FIG. Used by attaching to the back side (back side) of the wrist 4.

検出部２は、図２に示すように、開口部を有するパッケージ５と、このパッケージ５に収容される発光素子６と受光素子７、及びパッケージ５の開口部に取り付けられる透光板８等より構成される。パッケージ５の内部には、回路基板９が具備され、この回路基板９上に発光素子６（例えばＬＥＤ）と受光素子７（例えばＰＤ）とが並んで組み付けられている。透光板８は、光を透過できる例えばガラス板であり、人体の皮膚に接触する表面側が凸曲面で構成されている（図２参照）。   As shown in FIG. 2, the detection unit 2 includes a package 5 having an opening, a light emitting element 6 and a light receiving element 7 accommodated in the package 5, a translucent plate 8 attached to the opening of the package 5, and the like. Composed. A circuit board 9 is provided inside the package 5, and a light emitting element 6 (for example, LED) and a light receiving element 7 (for example, PD) are assembled side by side on the circuit board 9. The translucent plate 8 is, for example, a glass plate that can transmit light, and the surface side that contacts the skin of the human body is formed by a convex curved surface (see FIG. 2).

この検出部２は、センサ本体３とは別に、検出部２に取り付けられた専用のベルト１０によって手首４に固定される（図１参照）。ベルト１０は、例えば伸縮性を有する素材を使用して、手首４に一定の圧力が加わるようにしても良い。これにより、透光板８の表面を皮膚表面に密着できるため、皮膚表面からの反射光や外乱光等の侵入を防止できる。但し、手首４に加える圧力が大きいと、圧迫感が増大して装着感が悪化するため、装着感が悪化しない程度の圧力、例えば５〜１５ｍｍＨｇの圧力に制限することが望ましい。   The detection unit 2 is fixed to the wrist 4 by a dedicated belt 10 attached to the detection unit 2 separately from the sensor body 3 (see FIG. 1). The belt 10 may use a material having elasticity, for example, so that a certain pressure is applied to the wrist 4. Thereby, since the surface of the translucent board 8 can be closely_contact | adhered to the skin surface, invasion of the reflected light from the skin surface, disturbance light, etc. can be prevented. However, if the pressure applied to the wrist 4 is large, the feeling of pressure increases and the feeling of wearing deteriorates. Therefore, it is desirable to limit the pressure to a level that does not deteriorate the feeling of wearing, for example, 5-15 mmHg.

なお、検出部２は、図２に示すように、発光素子６と受光素子７とが並んで配置されているため、発光素子６と受光素子７とが並ぶ方向（図２の左右方向）に長く設けられている。この場合、検出部２の長手方向（発光素子６と受光素子７とが並ぶ方向）を手首４の周方向に合わせて配置すると、検出部２のずれが大きくなり、且つ装着感も悪化する可能性があるため、検出部２の長手方向を腕の長手方向に合わせて配置した方が良い。従って、ベルト１０を手首４に巻き付けた時に、検出部２の長手方向が腕の長手方向に合うように、検出部２にベルト１０が取り付けられている。   As shown in FIG. 2, since the light emitting element 6 and the light receiving element 7 are arranged side by side in the detection unit 2, the light emitting element 6 and the light receiving element 7 are arranged in the direction (left and right direction in FIG. 2). It is long. In this case, if the longitudinal direction of the detection unit 2 (the direction in which the light emitting element 6 and the light receiving element 7 are arranged) is aligned with the circumferential direction of the wrist 4, the displacement of the detection unit 2 becomes large and the wearing feeling may be deteriorated. Therefore, it is better to arrange the detection unit 2 so that the longitudinal direction thereof matches the longitudinal direction of the arm. Therefore, when the belt 10 is wound around the wrist 4, the belt 10 is attached to the detection unit 2 so that the longitudinal direction of the detection unit 2 matches the longitudinal direction of the arm.

センサ本体３は、図２に示すように、発光素子６を駆動する駆動回路１１および検出部２で検出された脈波情報から脈拍数を算出するマイクロコンピュータ１２等を内蔵するとともに、計測された脈拍数等を表示するモニタ表示部（図示しない）を有し、検出部２とは信号線１３によって接続されている。このセンサ本体３は、腕時計と同様に手首４に装着するもので、図１に示すように、検出部２の上部に重ねて配置し、センサ本体３に取り付けられた専用のベルト１４によって手首４に固定される。但し、検出部２とセンサ本体３との間には、検出部２とセンサ本体３とが直接接触しない様に、例えばスポンジやゲル状タイプの緩衝材１５が挿入されている。   As shown in FIG. 2, the sensor body 3 includes a drive circuit 11 that drives the light emitting element 6 and a microcomputer 12 that calculates the pulse rate from pulse wave information detected by the detection unit 2 and is measured. It has a monitor display unit (not shown) for displaying the pulse rate and the like, and is connected to the detection unit 2 by a signal line 13. The sensor body 3 is attached to the wrist 4 in the same manner as a wristwatch. As shown in FIG. 1, the sensor body 3 is placed on top of the detection unit 2 and is attached to the wrist 4 by a dedicated belt 14 attached to the sensor body 3. Fixed to. However, for example, a sponge or a gel-type cushioning material 15 is inserted between the detection unit 2 and the sensor main body 3 so that the detection unit 2 and the sensor main body 3 are not in direct contact with each other.

ここで、脈波センサ１により脈波を検出するメカニズムについて説明する。図２に示すように、発光素子６から手首４に向かって光が照射されると、光の一部が手首４の内部を通る毛細動脈１６に当たって、毛細動脈１６を流れる血液中のヘモグロビンに吸収され、残りの光が毛細動脈１６で反射して散乱し、その一部が受光素子７に入射する。この時、血液の脈動により毛細動脈１６を流れる血液中のヘモグロビンの量が波動的に変化するので、ヘモグロビンに吸収される光も波動的に変化する。その結果、毛細動脈１６で反射して受光素子７に入射する受光量が変化するため、この受光量の変化を脈波情報として検出することができる。   Here, a mechanism for detecting a pulse wave by the pulse wave sensor 1 will be described. As shown in FIG. 2, when light is emitted from the light emitting element 6 toward the wrist 4, a part of the light hits the capillary artery 16 passing through the wrist 4 and is absorbed by hemoglobin in the blood flowing through the capillary artery 16. The remaining light is reflected and scattered by the capillary artery 16, and a part of the light enters the light receiving element 7. At this time, since the amount of hemoglobin in the blood flowing through the capillary artery 16 changes in a wave manner due to the pulsation of the blood, the light absorbed in the hemoglobin also changes in the wave manner. As a result, the amount of received light that is reflected by the capillary artery 16 and incident on the light receiving element 7 changes, so that this change in the amount of received light can be detected as pulse wave information.

（本実施例の作用及び効果）本実施例の脈波センサ１は、図１に示したように、検出部２を手首４の甲側（背側）に配置して使用するため、手首４の腹側に検出部２を固定した場合と比較して、手首４が動いた時等に検出部２の位置ずれを小さくできる。また、手首４の甲側に検出部２を固定すれば橈骨や尺骨を強く圧迫することがないので、圧迫感により無意識に手首４を動かすことも少なく、検出部位に対し安定して検出部２を固定することができる。更に、手首４の甲側で脈波を測定する場合は、橈骨動脈や尺骨動脈が通っている腹側と比較して受光素子７に入射する受光量（つまり信号強度）は少なくなるが、検出部２の位置ずれに伴う信号強度の変化が小さいため、腹側で測定する場合に比べて体動の影響も小さいと言える。   (Operation and effect of the present embodiment) Since the pulse wave sensor 1 of the present embodiment is used by arranging the detector 2 on the back side (back side) of the wrist 4 as shown in FIG. Compared with the case where the detection unit 2 is fixed to the ventral side, the displacement of the detection unit 2 can be reduced when the wrist 4 is moved. In addition, if the detection unit 2 is fixed to the back side of the wrist 4, the ribs and ulna are not strongly compressed, so the wrist 4 is not moved unconsciously due to the feeling of pressure, and the detection unit 2 is stably detected with respect to the detection site. Can be fixed. Further, when the pulse wave is measured on the back side of the wrist 4, the amount of received light (that is, the signal intensity) incident on the light receiving element 7 is smaller than that on the abdominal side through which the radial artery or ulnar artery passes. It can be said that the influence of the body movement is small as compared with the case where the measurement is performed on the ventral side because the change in the signal intensity due to the positional deviation of the part 2 is small.

ここで、手首４の甲側で脈波を測定した場合と、手首４の腹側で脈波を測定した場合とで、体動の影響がどの様に現れるかを調べた。その結果、図３に示すように、完全静止している状態では、甲側でも腹側でも脈波を測定することが可能であるが、体動がある状態では、腹側で測定した場合（ｂ）に体動の影響を大きく受けていることが分かる。この場合、脈波の測定は不可能である。これに対し、甲側で測定した場合（ａ）は、腹側と比較して体動の影響が小さく、脈波の測定が可能である。   Here, it was examined how the influence of body movement appears when the pulse wave is measured on the back side of the wrist 4 and when the pulse wave is measured on the ventral side of the wrist 4. As a result, as shown in FIG. 3, it is possible to measure the pulse wave on the instep side or the ventral side in a completely stationary state. It can be seen that b) is greatly influenced by body movement. In this case, the pulse wave cannot be measured. On the other hand, when measured on the back side (a), the influence of body movement is small compared to the abdominal side, and the pulse wave can be measured.

脈波センサ１の検出部２は、透光板８の表面が凸曲面で構成され、その凸曲面を皮膚表面に密着させて使用するため、皮膚表面に対する透光板８の密着度が向上する。これにより、発光素子６から照射された光が皮膚表面で反射して受光素子７に入射する反射光量（図２参照）の変動を抑制でき、且つ外乱光等のノイズの混入も防止できる。また、透光板８が皮膚表面に食い込むため、検出部２の位置ずれ防止効果を得ることもできる。   The detection unit 2 of the pulse wave sensor 1 is configured such that the surface of the translucent plate 8 has a convex curved surface, and the convex curved surface is used in close contact with the skin surface, so that the degree of adhesion of the translucent plate 8 to the skin surface is improved. . Thereby, the fluctuation | variation of the reflected light amount (refer FIG. 2) which the light irradiated from the light emitting element 6 reflects on the skin surface and injects into the light receiving element 7 can be suppressed, and mixing of noises, such as disturbance light, can also be prevented. Moreover, since the translucent plate 8 bites into the skin surface, it is possible to obtain the effect of preventing the positional deviation of the detection unit 2.

ここで、表面が凸曲面の透光板８と、平面の透光板８とを用いてそれぞれ脈波を測定した結果を図４に示す。この場合、体動がある状態で脈波を測定した時に、表面が平面の透光板８を用いて測定した場合（ｂ）は、体動の影響を大きく受けているが、表面が凸曲面の透光板８を用いて測定した場合（ａ）は、体動の影響が小さく、脈波の測定が可能であることが分かる。   Here, FIG. 4 shows the result of measuring the pulse wave using the translucent plate 8 having a convex curved surface and the translucent plate 8 having a flat surface. In this case, when the pulse wave is measured in a state where there is a body motion, when the surface is measured using the light-transmitting plate 8 having a flat surface (b), it is greatly affected by the body motion, but the surface is a convex curved surface. In the case (a) of measurement using the translucent plate 8, it is understood that the influence of body movement is small and the pulse wave can be measured.

また、本実施例の脈波センサ１は、検出部２とセンサ本体３とをそれぞれ専用のベルト１０、１４で手首４に固定するため、センサ本体３の動きが検出部２に伝わり難く、検出部２を安定的に固定することができる。また、検出部２とセンサ本体３との間に緩衝材１５が挿入されているので、センサ本体３に加わる力やセンサ本体３の動きが検出部２に伝わり難くなる。以上の結果、検出部２を安定して手首４に固定でき、且つ受光素子７に入射するノイズ光量を抑制できることから、安静時のみならず、日常生活や軽い運動時等でも良好なＳ／Ｎ比を得ることができ、検出確率の高い脈波センサ１を提供できる。   In addition, since the pulse wave sensor 1 of the present embodiment fixes the detection unit 2 and the sensor main body 3 to the wrist 4 with dedicated belts 10 and 14, respectively, the movement of the sensor main body 3 is not easily transmitted to the detection unit 2, The part 2 can be stably fixed. Further, since the cushioning material 15 is inserted between the detection unit 2 and the sensor main body 3, it is difficult for the force applied to the sensor main body 3 and the movement of the sensor main body 3 to be transmitted to the detection unit 2. As a result, the detection unit 2 can be stably fixed to the wrist 4 and the amount of noise incident on the light receiving element 7 can be suppressed, so that the S / N is good not only at rest but also in daily life and light exercise. A pulse wave sensor 1 with a high detection probability can be provided.

（変形例）本実施例では、センサ本体３にマイクロコンピュータ１２を内蔵して、脈波数を算出できる構成として説明しているが、検出部２の検出結果を外部の受信機に送信する送信機能だけを持たせても良い。この場合、センサ本体３を小型化でき、センサ本体３の重さを小さくできるので、センサ本体３に加わる力やセンサ本体３の動きを検出部２に伝え難くできる効果がある。本実施例では、検出部２及びセンサ本体３を手首４に装着する例を説明したが、手首４に限定する必要はなく、前腕部の甲側に取り付けても良い。   (Modification) In the present embodiment, the microcomputer 12 is built in the sensor body 3 and the pulse wave number can be calculated. However, the transmission function for transmitting the detection result of the detection unit 2 to an external receiver is described. You may have only. In this case, since the sensor body 3 can be reduced in size and the weight of the sensor body 3 can be reduced, it is possible to make it difficult to transmit the force applied to the sensor body 3 and the movement of the sensor body 3 to the detection unit 2. In this embodiment, the example in which the detection unit 2 and the sensor main body 3 are mounted on the wrist 4 has been described. However, the detection unit 2 and the sensor body 3 are not limited to the wrist 4 and may be attached to the back side of the forearm.

脈波センサの取付け状態を示す断面図である。It is sectional drawing which shows the attachment state of a pulse wave sensor. 脈波を検出するメカニズムの説明図である。It is explanatory drawing of the mechanism which detects a pulse wave. 手首の甲側と腹側とで体動の影響を測定した脈波グラフである。It is the pulse wave graph which measured the influence of body movement by the back side and the ventral side of a wrist. 透光板の表面形状と体動の影響との関係を測定した脈波グラフである。It is the pulse wave graph which measured the relationship between the surface shape of a light transmission board, and the influence of a body motion.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

１ 脈波センサ
２ 検出部
３ センサ本体
４ 手首
６ 発光素子
７ 受光素子
８ 透光板（透光部材）
１０ ベルト（第１のベルト）
１２ マイクロコンピュータ（回路部）
１３ 信号線
１４ ベルト（第２のベルト）
１５ 緩衝材 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Pulse wave sensor 2 Detection part 3 Sensor main body 4 Wrist 6 Light emitting element 7 Light receiving element 8 Translucent plate (translucent member)
10 Belt (first belt)
12 Microcomputer (circuit part)
13 Signal line 14 Belt (second belt)
15 cushioning material

Claims (3)

発光素子と受光素子を具備する検出部と、この検出部と信号線を介して接続された回路部を内蔵するセンサ本体とを備え、前記検出部を人体の手首または前腕部に取り付けて人体の脈波を検出する脈波センサであって、
前記検出部は第１のベルトによって手首または前腕部に固定され、
前記センサ本体は、前記検出部の上部に重ねて配置され、前記第１のベルトの外側に巻き付けられる第２のベルトによって手首または前腕部に固定されることを特徴とする脈波センサ。 A detection unit including a light emitting element and a light receiving element; and a sensor main body including a circuit unit connected to the detection unit via a signal line. The detection unit is attached to a wrist or a forearm portion of a human body. A pulse wave sensor for detecting a pulse wave,
The detector is fixed to the wrist or forearm by a first belt;
The pulse wave sensor according to claim 1, wherein the sensor main body is disposed on top of the detection unit and is fixed to a wrist or a forearm portion by a second belt wound around the outside of the first belt. 前記第１のベルトは伸縮性を有する素材を使用したことを特徴とする請求項１記載の脈波センサ。 The pulse wave sensor according to claim 1, wherein the first belt is made of a stretchable material. 前記第１のベルトによる手首に加える圧力は、５〜１５mmHgに制限したことを特徴とする請求項２記載の脈波センサ。
The pulse wave sensor according to claim 2, wherein the pressure applied to the wrist by the first belt is limited to 5 to 15 mmHg.
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