JP3735298B2 - Friction stir welding apparatus and friction stir welding method - Google Patents

Friction stir welding apparatus and friction stir welding method Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3735298B2
JP3735298B2 JP2001388447A JP2001388447A JP3735298B2 JP 3735298 B2 JP3735298 B2 JP 3735298B2 JP 2001388447 A JP2001388447 A JP 2001388447A JP 2001388447 A JP2001388447 A JP 2001388447A JP 3735298 B2 JP3735298 B2 JP 3735298B2
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friction stir
stir welding
work piece
shoulder portion
workpiece
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JP2003181656A (en
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広明 佐藤
泰之 藤谷
博正 亀井
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Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd
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Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、被接合材料どうしの突き合わせ面に塑性流動を生じさせて接合一体化する摩擦撹拌接合装置及び摩擦撹拌接合方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
近年、金属材の溶接やロウ付けに代わる新しい接合手段として、摩擦撹拌接合(Friction Stir Welding:FSW)法が登場している。この摩擦撹拌接合法は、たとえば特表平7−505090号公報に開示されているように、金属の被加工物よりも硬い材質のプローブ(棒状突起物)を回転させながら被加工物に摺接させた際に、この摺接部分で発生する摩擦熱と圧力とによって被加工物の素材が塑性流動化するため、該プローブが被加工物中に埋入し、かつ、この埋入状態のまま被加工物中を移動可能になることを利用したものである。このような摩擦撹拌接合法は、たとえばアルミニウム及びアルミニウム合金等の比較的柔らかい金属の接合法として利用されている。
【0003】
以下、従来の摩擦撹拌接合方法を図面に基づいて簡単に説明する。なお、図3は摩擦撹拌接合の実施状態を示す斜視図、図4は摩擦撹拌接合のメカニズムを示す説明図である。
たとえば図3に示すように、被加工物である金属板1,2の接合面どうしを突き合わせた接合線3に回転工具4から突出するプローブ5を回転させながら差し込むと、ショルダー部6との摩擦発熱で金属板1,2の素材が軟化する。このため、プローブ5を接合線3に位置合わせして接合部に差し込むことができ、こうして埋入状態としたプローブ5を固定された金属材料1,2の接合線3に沿って相対移動させると、プローブ5の周辺には軟化域7(図4参照)が生じる。
【0004】
軟化域7では、プローブ5の前方側で塑性流動した両金属板1,2の素材が圧力を受けながら撹拌混練され、プローブ5の後方側へ漸次移行する。この結果、塑性流動した素材は後方側で摩擦熱を失って急速に冷却硬化するので、両金属板1,2は素材どうしが混じり合って完全に一体化した状態で接合される。
なお、プローブ5に回転方向に対する逆ねじ5aを設けることにより、図4に矢印で示すような下向きの塑性流動が生じるので、表面より低い温度となりがちな裏面側に素材のない空間(巣)等の欠陥や融合不良を生じにくくなる。
【0005】
この場合、金属素材が塑性流動する温度は融点よりもかなり低く、接合は固相接合の範疇に入り、接合過程を通して金属材への入熱量は溶接やロウ付けに比較して極めて少なく、かつ凝固収縮に伴う応力の発生もないから、接合部近傍の熱歪みによる変形や割れを生じにくいという利点がある。
【0006】
また、上述した摩擦撹拌接合方法においては、接合時に摩擦熱を発生させるため回転工具4を金属板1,2へ押し付ける必要があり、従って、その反力に対処するため裏当て金8が使用されている。この裏当て金8は、接合する金属板1,2の裏面に密着させて設置するものであり、回転工具4側から作用するたとえば8000〜18000N程度、あるいはそれ以上となる大きな加圧力の反力を受ける。
【0007】
また、図5に示したボビンツールと呼ばれる回転工具4Aには、接合する金属板1,2の表裏両面を挟持するようにして一定の間隔を設けた一対のショルダー部6a,6bが設けられている。この場合、上下一対のショルダー部6a,6b間にプローブ5が設けられているので、接合部の両面において摩擦発熱させることができ、裏面側の融合不良が生じにくい。
【0008】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
ところで、上述した従来技術によれば、接合時の加圧反力を受けるため、接合する金属板1,2の裏側に裏当て金8を密着させて設置する必要がある。このため、摩擦撹拌接合を接合線3が長い部品に適用する場合には、接合線3に沿って回転工具4が移動する距離をカバーできるような大きな裏当て金8を設置する必要がある。なお、回転工具3を押圧して圧力をかけないと、接合部分に融合不良や素材のない空間ができるおそれがあって好ましくない。
【0009】
また、金属板を接合して円筒形状にする場合、円筒の内側に大きな裏当て金8を設置する必要がある。特に、出入口の狭い容器のような円筒形状では、反力に耐えるため大型化する裏当て金8のような治具を内部に設置することができず、従って、摩擦撹拌接合を採用できないのが実状である。
さらに、接合する金属板1,2に板厚変動があると、回転工具による加圧が不均一となるため、軟化域7の塑性流動が不十分となって裏面側に融合不良を作りやすいという問題を有している。なお、上述した従来のボビンツール4Aは、上下のショルダー部6a,6bが軸方向に固定されて一定間隔のため、板厚変動には対応できないものであった。
【0010】
本発明は、上記の事情に鑑みてなされたもので、裏当て金を使用しなくても融合不良のない良好な接合が可能となる摩擦撹拌接合装置及び摩擦撹拌接合方法の提供を目的としている。
【0011】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は、上記課題を解決するため、以下の手段を採用した。請求項1に記載の摩擦撹拌接合装置は、被加工物の接合部を回転工具で加熱・撹拌し、非溶融のまま接合する摩擦撹拌接合装置において、前記回転工具は、前記被加工物の表裏両面を挟持するように接触する一対の本体と、前記一対の本体それぞれの前記被加工物に接触する面に形成され摩擦熱により加熱するショルダー部前記一対の本体を貫通する連結ピンとを備え、前記一対の本体及び前記連結ピンが一体となって回転して前記ショルダー部の被加工物裏面側を回転させるとともに、前記回転工具の下方には、前記ショルダー部の被加工物裏面側を回転軸方向に移動可能とし、かつ、前記ショルダー部の被加工物裏面側を回転可能に支持して前記被加工物方向へ押し付ける加圧手段を設けたことを特徴とするものである。
【0012】
このような摩擦撹拌接合装置によれば、このような構成としたことで、加圧手段によって押し付けられたショルダー部の被加工物裏面側が被加工物の裏面に密着して裏当て金として機能する。また、ショルダー部によって裏面からの加熱も可能となるため、入熱効率を向上させることができる。さらに、ショルダー部の裏面側が回転軸方向に移動可能なため、板厚変動にも対応することができる。
【0013】
請求項1記載の摩擦撹拌接合装置においては、前記加圧手段が加圧力検出手段を備えていることが好ましく、これにより、加圧手段による加圧力をフィードバック制御することができる。
【0014】
請求項1または2記載の摩擦撹拌接合装置においては、前記ショルダー部の被加工物裏面側を回転可能に支持する支持手段が冷却手段を備えていることが好ましく、これにより、加圧手段の押し付けを受けて前記ショルダー部の被加工物裏面側を回転可能に支持する部材の温度上昇を抑制することができる。
【0015】
請求項1から3のいずれかに記載の摩擦撹拌接合装置においては、所定位置に固定した状態で回転する前記回転工具に対し、前記被加工物を移動させて接合することが好ましく、特に、大きな裏当て金が必要となる被加工物を接合する場合ほど有効である。
【0016】
請求項記載の摩擦撹拌接合方法は、被加工物の接合部を回転工具で加熱・撹拌し、非溶融のまま接合させる摩擦撹拌接合方法において、前記回転工具が前記被加工物の表裏両面を挟持するように接触して摩擦熱により加熱するショルダー部を設け、前記ショルダー部の被加工物裏面側を回転軸方向へ移動可能に取り付け、前記被加工物の裏面に所定圧力で押し付けて加圧しながら接合させることを特徴とするものである。
【0017】
このような摩擦撹拌接合方法によれば、回転工具が被加工物の表裏両面を挟持するように接触して摩擦熱により加熱するショルダー部を設け、前記ショルダー部の被加工物裏面側を、前記回転上具の下方に設けた加圧手段を用いて前記被加工物の裏面に所定圧力で押し付けて加圧しながら接合させるので、ショルダー部の被加工物裏面側が被加工物の裏面に密着して裏当て金として機能する。この場合、所定圧力を維持するため、加圧力検出手段を設けて加圧力の検出値をフィードバック制御することが好ましい。
【0018】
請求項5記載の摩擦撹拌接合方法においては、前記回転工具を所定位置に固定した状態で回転させるとともに、前記被加工物を移動させて接合することが好ましく、特に、大きな裏当て金が必要となる被加工物を接合する場合ほど有効である。
【0019】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明に係る摩擦撹拌接合装置及び摩擦撹拌接合方法の一実施形態を図面に基づいて説明する。
図1は、摩擦撹拌接合装置の要部構成を示す断面図である。被加工物である金属板1,2の接合線は、回転工具のボビンツール40が被加工物の表面を加圧した状態で回転しながら相対移動することによって接合させる。
【0020】
ボビンツール40は、たとえば図2に示すように、円筒状の本体41と、本体41に下端面に形成された表面側ショルダー部42と、本体41とは別体の裏面側ショルダー部43を備えた下部本体44と、被加工物の金属より固い材質のプローブ部45aを備えている連結ピン45とを具備して構成される。
【0021】
本体41の上部は、図示省略の駆動源(電動モータ等)に連結されて回転し、さらに、図示省略の上部加圧手段によって被加工物の表面に向けて押し付ける加圧力を受けている。一方、下部本体44は、裏面側ショルダー部43が上述した表面側ショルダー部42と対向するように配置して、下方から本体41へ貫通するよう矢印方向へ挿入された連結ピン45により一体化される。
従って、下部本体44は、連結ピン45に沿って軸方向の移動が可能となる。なお、下部本体44の下面には、六角穴44aが設けられ、その周辺下面は加圧面44bとなる。
【0022】
連結ピン45の上端部側は、所定位置において固定ピン46により本体41に固定される。また、連結ピン45の下端部には六角形状のボルト頭部45bが設けられており、このボルト頭部45bは下部本体44の六角穴44aに収納される。
この結果、本体41の回転は固定ピン46を介して連結ピン45に伝達され、さらに、連結ピン45のボルト頭部45bから六角穴44aを介して下部本体44に伝達されるので、本体41、下部本体44及び連結ピン45を具備して構成されるボビンツール40は、同一回転数で一体となって回転することとなる。
なお、連結ピン45のボルト頭部45bと六角穴44aによる回転力の伝達構造に代えて、たとえば軸方向へ自由に移動できるスプライン結合を採用してもよい。
【0023】
連結ピン45に設けられた逆ねじ等のプローブ部45aは、表面側ショルダー部42及び裏面側ショルダー部43の間に挟持される被加工物の板厚をカバーできるように設けられている。従って、汎用性を広げるためには、連結ピン45の軸方向に長いプローブ部45aを設けて広範囲の板厚に対応できるようにしておくのが好ましい。
【0024】
上述したボビンツール40の下部本体44は、ベアリング等の支持部材50により回転可能に支持されている。さらに、支持部材50の下方には、下部本体44を被加工物の裏面側へ向けて押し付ける加圧手段60が設けられている。
なお、支持部材50及び加圧手段60は、図中に想像線で示すフレーム部材の適所に適当な手段をもって固定されている。
【0025】
支持部材50は、回転軸としても機能する連結ピン45の軸心方向の荷重を受ける第1ベアリング51と、下部本体44の外周面を支持する第2ベアリング52とを具備している。また、上述した第1及び第2ベアリング51,52の周囲には、冷却手段として冷却室53a,53b,53cが設けられている。これらの冷却室53a,53b,53cは、冷却水導入管54から導入されて排水管55から流出する冷却水等の媒体が流通することにより、ベアリング摺動部で発生する熱を奪って温度上昇を抑制することができる。冷却水導入管54及び排水管55は、適所に上下動を吸収するフレキシブル管を設けておく。
なお、第1ベアリング51及び第2ベアリング52については、たとえば流体ベアリングを採用してもよく、この場合、冷却手段を省略することもできる。
【0026】
加圧手段60としては、たとえば油圧シリンダ61が使用される。この油圧シリンダ61は、ピストンロッド62を上向きに突出させて先端部63が下部本体44の加圧面44bを押し上げるように設置されている。図示の例では、先端部63の上端部に第1ベアリング51が設置されている。
また、油圧シリンダ60の下方には加圧力検出手段としてロードセル70が設けられている。このロードセル70は、加圧手段60の加圧力を検出し、加圧力を所定値に維持するようフィードバック制御するためのセンサである。
【0027】
以下、本発明の摩擦撹拌接合方法について、上述した構成の摩擦撹拌接合装置の作用と共に説明する。
本発明の摩擦撹拌接合方法では、被加工物となる金属板1,2の接合面を合わせた接合線に沿って、被加工物側を固定設置されている摩擦撹拌接合装置に対して相対的に移動させる。なお、被加工物の金属板1,2は、それぞれが公知の送り装置に固定されている。
【0028】
ボビンツール40は、被加工物の端部外側から接合を開始する場合、予め下部本体44を本体41に取り付けておく。この後、第2ベアリング52で下部本体44の外周面を回転可能に支持し、さらに、ピストン61の先端部63に取り付けられた第1ベアリング51を加圧面44bに当接させる。そして、表面側ショルダー部42を被加工物の表面に押し付けるとともに、ピストン61を作動させて裏面側ショルダー部43を被加工物の裏面に押し付け、被加工物の端部を両ショルダー部42,43間の前進側に挟持させる。なお、この挟持状態では、連結ピン45のプローブ部45aが、少なくとも被加工物の板厚部分と一致するように設定される。
【0029】
この状態からボビンツール40を回転させて接合を開始すると、ボビンツール40が被加工物に加圧(押圧)されながら回転し、プローブ部45a及び両ショルダー部42,43との間に発生する摩擦熱で金属板1,2の素材が軟化する。このため、被加工物を固定した送り装置を作動させると、プローブ部45aは接合部に沿って素材内に埋入される。そして、さらに被加工物を相対移動させることで軟化域7(図4参照)が生じ、プローブ部45aの前方側で塑性流動した素材は両ショルダー部42,43から圧力を受けながら撹拌混錬され、プローブ部45aの後方側へ漸次移行する。
【0030】
この結果、塑性流動した素材は、摩擦熱のないプローブ部45aの後方側で急速に冷却硬化するので、金属板1,2は素材どうしが混じり合った状態で完全に接合される。
この時、被加工物となる金属板1,2の接合部は、表裏両面でショルダー部42,43の加圧を受けて摩擦熱により加熱されている。このため、裏面側ショルダー部43が被加工物の裏面側を加圧しているので、従来装置で必要だった裏当て金は不要となる。また、被加工物の表裏においは、従来の片側加熱と比較して温度差がなくなり、入熱効率も向上する。
【0031】
従って、裏当て金を使用しなくても接合部における素材混合や素材分布は均一となり、特に、従来の片側加熱で問題となっていた裏面の融合不良はできず、接合部の内部品質を向上させることができる。すなわち、安定して信頼性の高い接合が可能となる。
【0032】
また、固定式のボビンツール4A(図5参照)とは異なり、裏面側ショルダー部43を形成してある下部本体44が回転軸方向に移動可能な構成としたため、被加工物に板厚変動があっても追従して加圧することができる。
この時、ロードセル70が加圧力を検出しているので、たとえば板厚変動があって加圧力も変動した場合には、この検出値を用いて以下に説明するようにフィードバック制御する。
【0033】
たとえば板厚が薄くなって加圧力が低下した場合には、油圧シリンダ61への給油量を増してピストンロッド62を押し上げ、所定の加圧力を維持するように操作する。この結果、下部本体44が押し上げられて連結ピン45に沿って移動するので、裏面側ショルダー部43は、所定の加圧力を保って被加工物への密着を維持することができる。
【0034】
反対に、板厚が厚くなって加圧力が上昇した場合には、油圧シリンダ61の油量を減らしてピストンロッド62を低下させ、所定の加圧力を維持するように操作する。この結果、下部本体44及びピストンロッド62が板厚増加分だけ下方へ移動し、裏面側ショルダー部43は、所定の加圧力を保って被加工物への密着を維持することができる。
【0035】
このようにして油圧シリンダ61の加圧力をフィードバック制御することにより、被加工物の板厚変動にも対応できるようになるので、これによっても内部品質を向上させ、安定して信頼性の高い接合が可能となる。
なお、上述した裏面側ショルダー部43のフィードバック制御に加えて、本体41の加圧力についても、たとえばレーザ計測等によりこれから接合する部分の表面高さ変動を検知し、この結果に基づいて本体41を上下方向に移動させるという公知の習い制御を併用してもよく、これにより、接合部の内部品質をより一層安定させて信頼性を向上させることができる。
【0036】
ところで、上述した実施形態では、通常の摩擦撹拌接合においは、温度上昇が問題となる第1及び第2ベアリング51,52の冷却を目的として冷却水を導入する冷却手段を設けていたが、加圧力や回転速度、ベアリング自体の材質や種類等の条件によっては冷却手段を必要としない場合もありうる。
また、加圧力検出手段として設けたロードセル70についても、被加工物の板厚変動がないか極めて小さい場合など、油圧シリンダ61の油圧を一定に保持できる場合は設けないことも可能である。
【0037】
そして、上述した摩擦撹拌接合装置及び摩擦撹拌接合方法では、被加工物側を移動させるものとして説明したが、被加工物側を固定して接合装置を移動させることも可能である。しかし、大きな加圧力を与える油圧シリンダ61等の加圧手段60を備えている摩擦撹拌装置側を移動させる場合と比較すれば、被加工物側を移動させて接合すると、操作が容易で装置構成も簡単になるため好ましい。
【0038】
なお、本発明の構成は上述した実施形態に限定されるものではなく、本発明の要旨を逸脱しない範囲内において適宜変更することができる。
【0039】
【発明の効果】
上述した本発明の摩擦撹拌接合装置及び摩擦撹拌接合方法によれば、以下の効果を奏する。
請求項1に記載した本発明の摩擦撹拌接合装置によれば、このような構成としたことで、加圧手段によって押し付けられたショルダー部の被加工物裏面側が被加工物の裏面に密着して裏当て金として機能する。このため従来の裏当て金が不要となり、被加工物を移動させるようにすれば、回転工具の下部本体を駆動させて回転及び加圧する機構があればよい。
【0040】
また、ショルダー部によって被加工部の裏面からも加熱も可能となるため、表裏両面からの加熱によって入熱効率が向上し、軟化域の温度差を小さくすることができる。従って、接合部全体が均一に融合し、温度差を原因とする融合不良がなくなるので、接合部の内部品質を向上させることができる。このため、被加工物の送り速度を上げて摩擦撹拌接合を高速化し、作業時間を短縮することも可能となる。
【0041】
さらに、ショルダー部の裏面側が回転軸方向に移動可能なため、被加工物に板厚変動があっても対応することができ、所定の加圧力を維持して接合部の内部品質を改善する効果もある。特に、前記加圧手段が加圧力検出手段を備えている場合には、加圧手段により検出した加圧力をフィードバック制御して所定値に維持することができるので、接合部の内部品質が安定してより一層信頼性の高い接合が可能となる。
また、前記ショルダー部の被加工物裏面側を回転可能に支持する支持手段が冷却手段を備えているので、加圧手段の押し付けを受けながら前記ショルダー部の被加工物裏面側を回転可能に支持するベアリング等の部材が温度上昇するのを抑制し、装置の耐久性や信頼性を向上させることができる。
【0042】
請求項記載の摩擦撹拌接合方法によれば、回転工具が前記被加工物の表裏両面を挟持するように接触して摩擦熱により加熱するショルダー部を設け、前記ショルダー部の被加工物裏面側を、前記回転工具の下方に設けた加圧手段を用いて前記被加工物の裏面に所定圧力で押し付けて加圧しながら接合させるので、ショルダー部の被加工物裏面側が被加工物の裏面に密着して裏当て金として機能し、回転工具を所定位置に固定した状態で回転させるとともに、前記被加工物を移動させて接合することができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】 本発明に係る摩擦撹拌接合装置の一実施形態を示す要部断面図である。
【図2】 図1のボビンツール構造を示す斜視図である。
【図3】 摩擦撹拌接合の実施状態を示す斜視図である。
【図4】 摩擦撹拌接合のメカニズムを示す説明図である。
【図5】 従来のボビンツール(回転工具)を示す正面図である。
【符号の説明】
1,2 金属板(被加工物)
3 接合線
40 ボビンツール(回転工具)
41 本体
42 表面側ショルダー部
43 裏面側ショルダー部
44 下部本体
44a 六角穴
44b 加圧面
45 連結ピン
45a プローブ部
45b ボルト頭部
46 固定ピン
50 支持部材
51 第1ベアリング
52 第2ベアリング
53a,53b,53c 冷却室
60 加圧手段
61 油圧シリンダ
62 ピストンロッド
63 先端部
70 ロードセル(加圧力検出手段)
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a friction stir welding apparatus and a friction stir welding method for producing a plastic flow on butted surfaces of materials to be joined and joining and integrating them.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In recent years, a friction stir welding (FSW) method has emerged as a new joining means that replaces welding and brazing of metal materials. This friction stir welding method is slidably contacted with a work piece while rotating a probe (rod-like protrusion) made of a material harder than a metal work piece as disclosed in, for example, Japanese Translation of PCT Publication No. 7-505090. Since the material of the workpiece is plastic fluidized by the frictional heat and pressure generated at the sliding contact portion, the probe is embedded in the workpiece and remains in this embedded state. It uses the fact that it can move in the work piece. Such a friction stir welding method is used as a method for joining relatively soft metals such as aluminum and aluminum alloys.
[0003]
Hereinafter, a conventional friction stir welding method will be briefly described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing an implementation state of friction stir welding, and FIG. 4 is an explanatory view showing a mechanism of friction stir welding.
For example, as shown in FIG. 3, when the probe 5 protruding from the rotary tool 4 is inserted into the joining line 3 where the joining surfaces of the metal plates 1 and 2 that are workpieces are abutted with each other, the friction with the shoulder portion 6 occurs. The material of the metal plates 1 and 2 is softened by heat generation. For this reason, the probe 5 can be aligned with the joint line 3 and inserted into the joint, and the probe 5 thus placed in an embedded state is moved relative to the joint line 3 of the fixed metal materials 1 and 2. A softened region 7 (see FIG. 4) is generated around the probe 5.
[0004]
In the softening region 7, the materials of the two metal plates 1 and 2 plastically flowed on the front side of the probe 5 are stirred and kneaded while receiving pressure, and gradually move to the rear side of the probe 5. As a result, the plastic-flowing material loses frictional heat on the rear side and rapidly cools and hardens, so that the two metal plates 1 and 2 are joined together in a state where the materials are mixed and completely integrated.
Since the probe 5 is provided with the reverse screw 5a in the rotation direction, a downward plastic flow as indicated by an arrow in FIG. 4 occurs, so that a space (nest) having no material on the back side, which tends to be a lower temperature than the surface, etc. It is difficult to cause defects and poor fusion.
[0005]
In this case, the temperature at which the metal material plastically flows is considerably lower than the melting point, joining is in the category of solid-phase joining, the heat input to the metal material through the joining process is extremely small compared to welding and brazing, and solidification. Since there is no generation of stress due to shrinkage, there is an advantage that deformation or cracking due to thermal strain in the vicinity of the joint is unlikely to occur.
[0006]
Further, in the friction stir welding method described above, it is necessary to press the rotary tool 4 against the metal plates 1 and 2 in order to generate frictional heat at the time of joining. Therefore, the backing metal 8 is used to cope with the reaction force. ing. This backing metal 8 is installed in close contact with the back surfaces of the metal plates 1 and 2 to be joined, and acts from the rotary tool 4 side, for example, about 8000 to 18000 N, or a reaction force with a large applied pressure. Receive.
[0007]
In addition, the rotating tool 4A called a bobbin tool shown in FIG. 5 is provided with a pair of shoulder portions 6a and 6b that are spaced apart so as to sandwich both front and back surfaces of the metal plates 1 and 2 to be joined. Yes. In this case, since the probe 5 is provided between the pair of upper and lower shoulder portions 6a and 6b, it is possible to generate heat by friction on both surfaces of the joint portion, and the backside fusion failure is unlikely to occur.
[0008]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
By the way, according to the prior art described above, in order to receive the pressure reaction force at the time of joining, it is necessary to install the backing metal 8 in close contact with the back side of the metal plates 1 and 2 to be joined. For this reason, when the friction stir welding is applied to a part having a long joint line 3, it is necessary to install a large backing metal 8 that can cover the distance that the rotary tool 4 moves along the joint line 3. It should be noted that if the rotary tool 3 is not pressed and pressure is not applied, there is a possibility that a fusion failure or a space without a material may be formed at the joining portion.
[0009]
Moreover, when joining a metal plate and making it cylindrical shape, it is necessary to install the big backing metal 8 inside a cylinder. In particular, in the case of a cylindrical shape such as a container with a narrow entrance / exit, a jig such as a backing metal 8 that increases in size to withstand reaction force cannot be installed inside, and therefore friction stir welding cannot be employed. It's real.
Furthermore, if there are fluctuations in the thickness of the metal plates 1 and 2 to be joined, the pressurization by the rotary tool becomes non-uniform, so that the plastic flow in the softened region 7 is insufficient and it is easy to make a poor fusion on the back side. Have a problem. In the above-described conventional bobbin tool 4A, the upper and lower shoulder portions 6a and 6b are fixed in the axial direction and have a constant interval, and therefore cannot cope with the plate thickness variation.
[0010]
The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a friction stir welding apparatus and a friction stir welding method that enable good joining without poor fusion without using a backing metal. .
[0011]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention employs the following means in order to solve the above problems. The friction stir welding apparatus according to claim 1 is a friction stir welding apparatus that heats and agitates a joined portion of workpieces with a rotary tool and joins the workpieces in a non-molten state, and the rotary tool includes front and back surfaces of the workpiece. A pair of main bodies that are in contact with each other so as to sandwich both surfaces; a shoulder portion that is formed on a surface of each of the pair of main bodies that contacts the workpiece; and that is heated by frictional heat; and a connecting pin that passes through the pair of main bodies. The pair of main bodies and the connecting pin rotate together to rotate the work piece back side of the shoulder part, and the work piece back side of the shoulder part is rotated below the rotary tool. A pressurizing means is provided that is movable in the axial direction and that rotatably supports the back side of the workpiece of the shoulder portion and presses the shoulder in the direction of the workpiece.
[0012]
According to such a friction stir welding apparatus, with such a configuration, the work piece back side of the shoulder portion pressed by the pressurizing means is in close contact with the back face of the work piece and functions as a backing metal. . Moreover, since the heating from the back surface is also possible by the shoulder portion, the heat input efficiency can be improved. Furthermore, since the back side of the shoulder portion can move in the direction of the rotation axis, it is possible to cope with fluctuations in the plate thickness.
[0013]
In the friction stir welding apparatus according to the first aspect, it is preferable that the pressurizing unit is provided with a pressurizing force detecting unit, whereby the pressurizing force by the pressurizing unit can be feedback-controlled.
[0014]
In the friction stir welding apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, it is preferable that the supporting means for rotatably supporting the back side of the work piece of the shoulder portion includes a cooling means, whereby the pressing means is pressed. In response, the temperature rise of the member that rotatably supports the work piece back side of the shoulder portion can be suppressed.
[0015]
In the friction stir welding apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, it is preferable that the workpieces are moved and joined to the rotating tool rotating in a fixed state at a predetermined position. It is more effective when joining workpieces that require backing metal.
[0016]
The friction stir welding method according to claim 5 is a friction stir welding method in which a joined portion of workpieces is heated and stirred with a rotary tool and joined without being melted. Provided is a shoulder portion that comes into contact so as to be sandwiched and heated by frictional heat, and attaches the back surface side of the work piece so as to be movable in the direction of the rotation axis, and presses and presses the back surface of the work piece with a predetermined pressure. It is characterized by joining them.
[0017]
According to such a friction stir welding method, the rotary tool is provided so as to sandwich the front and back surfaces of the work piece so that the shoulder part is heated by frictional heat, and the work piece back side of the shoulder part is attached to the work piece. Since the pressing means provided below the rotating upper tool is pressed against the back surface of the workpiece with a predetermined pressure and bonded while being pressed, the back surface side of the workpiece of the shoulder portion is in close contact with the back surface of the workpiece. Functions as a backing metal. In this case, in order to maintain a predetermined pressure, it is preferable to provide a pressure detection means and perform feedback control of the detected pressure value.
[0018]
In the friction stir welding method according to claim 5, it is preferable that the rotary tool is rotated in a state fixed at a predetermined position, and the workpieces are moved and joined, and particularly a large backing metal is required. This is more effective when joining workpieces to be joined.
[0019]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, an embodiment of a friction stir welding apparatus and a friction stir welding method according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a main configuration of the friction stir welding apparatus. The joining lines of the metal plates 1 and 2 that are the workpieces are joined by the relative movement of the bobbin tool 40 of the rotary tool while rotating while pressing the surface of the workpiece.
[0020]
For example, as shown in FIG. 2, the bobbin tool 40 includes a cylindrical main body 41, a front side shoulder portion 42 formed on the lower end surface of the main body 41, and a back side shoulder portion 43 that is separate from the main body 41. The lower main body 44 and a connecting pin 45 provided with a probe portion 45a made of a material harder than the metal of the workpiece.
[0021]
The upper part of the main body 41 is connected to a driving source (not shown) (such as an electric motor) and rotates, and further receives a pressing force that is pressed toward the surface of the workpiece by an upper pressing unit (not shown). On the other hand, the lower main body 44 is arranged so that the back-side shoulder portion 43 faces the above-described front-side shoulder portion 42 and is integrated by a connecting pin 45 inserted in the arrow direction so as to penetrate from the lower side to the main body 41. The
Accordingly, the lower main body 44 can move in the axial direction along the connecting pin 45. A hexagonal hole 44a is provided on the lower surface of the lower main body 44, and a lower surface around the hexagonal hole 44a serves as a pressure surface 44b.
[0022]
The upper end side of the connecting pin 45 is fixed to the main body 41 by a fixing pin 46 at a predetermined position. A hexagonal bolt head 45 b is provided at the lower end of the connecting pin 45, and the bolt head 45 b is accommodated in the hexagonal hole 44 a of the lower body 44.
As a result, the rotation of the main body 41 is transmitted to the connecting pin 45 through the fixing pin 46, and further transmitted from the bolt head 45b of the connecting pin 45 to the lower main body 44 through the hexagonal hole 44a. The bobbin tool 40 configured to include the lower main body 44 and the connecting pin 45 rotates integrally at the same rotational speed.
Instead of the rotational force transmission structure using the bolt head 45b and the hexagonal hole 44a of the connection pin 45, for example, a spline connection that can freely move in the axial direction may be employed.
[0023]
A probe portion 45 a such as a reverse screw provided on the connecting pin 45 is provided so as to cover the plate thickness of the workpiece sandwiched between the front-side shoulder portion 42 and the back-side shoulder portion 43. Therefore, in order to expand versatility, it is preferable to provide a long probe portion 45a in the axial direction of the connecting pin 45 so as to cope with a wide range of plate thicknesses.
[0024]
The lower main body 44 of the bobbin tool 40 described above is rotatably supported by a support member 50 such as a bearing. Further, a pressurizing unit 60 is provided below the support member 50 to press the lower main body 44 toward the back side of the workpiece.
The support member 50 and the pressurizing means 60 are fixed by appropriate means at appropriate positions of the frame member indicated by an imaginary line in the drawing.
[0025]
The support member 50 includes a first bearing 51 that receives a load in the axial direction of the connecting pin 45 that also functions as a rotation shaft, and a second bearing 52 that supports the outer peripheral surface of the lower body 44. Cooling chambers 53a, 53b, and 53c are provided as cooling means around the first and second bearings 51 and 52 described above. These cooling chambers 53a, 53b, and 53c are deprived of heat generated in the bearing sliding portion due to the circulation of a medium such as cooling water introduced from the cooling water introduction pipe 54 and flowing out from the drain pipe 55. Can be suppressed. The cooling water introduction pipe 54 and the drain pipe 55 are provided with flexible pipes that absorb vertical movements at appropriate positions.
In addition, about the 1st bearing 51 and the 2nd bearing 52, a fluid bearing may be employ | adopted, for example, and a cooling means can also be abbreviate | omitted.
[0026]
As the pressurizing means 60, for example, a hydraulic cylinder 61 is used. The hydraulic cylinder 61 is installed such that the piston rod 62 protrudes upward and the tip 63 pushes up the pressure surface 44 b of the lower body 44. In the illustrated example, the first bearing 51 is installed at the upper end portion of the distal end portion 63.
A load cell 70 is provided below the hydraulic cylinder 60 as pressure detection means. The load cell 70 is a sensor for detecting the applied pressure of the pressurizing means 60 and performing feedback control so as to maintain the applied pressure at a predetermined value.
[0027]
Hereinafter, the friction stir welding method of the present invention will be described together with the operation of the friction stir welding apparatus having the above-described configuration.
In the friction stir welding method of the present invention, relative to the friction stir welding apparatus in which the workpiece side is fixedly installed along the joining line that combines the joining surfaces of the metal plates 1 and 2 to be the workpiece. Move to. The metal plates 1 and 2 of the workpiece are each fixed to a known feeding device.
[0028]
The bobbin tool 40 attaches the lower main body 44 to the main body 41 in advance when joining is started from the outside of the end of the workpiece. Thereafter, the second bearing 52 rotatably supports the outer peripheral surface of the lower main body 44, and the first bearing 51 attached to the tip 63 of the piston 61 is brought into contact with the pressure surface 44b. And while pressing the surface side shoulder part 42 on the surface of a workpiece, the piston 61 is operated and the back surface side shoulder part 43 is pressed on the back surface of a workpiece, and the edge part of a workpiece is made into both shoulder parts 42 and 43. Hold it on the forward side. In this clamping state, the probe portion 45a of the connecting pin 45 is set to coincide with at least the plate thickness portion of the workpiece.
[0029]
When the bobbin tool 40 is rotated from this state to start joining, the bobbin tool 40 rotates while being pressed (pressed) on the workpiece, and friction is generated between the probe portion 45a and the shoulder portions 42 and 43. The material of the metal plates 1 and 2 is softened by heat. For this reason, if the feeder which fixed the to-be-processed object is operated, the probe part 45a will be embedded in a raw material along a junction part. Further, the softened region 7 (see FIG. 4) is generated by further moving the work piece, and the material plastically flowed on the front side of the probe portion 45a is stirred and kneaded while receiving pressure from the shoulder portions 42 and 43. Then, the probe portion 45a gradually moves to the rear side.
[0030]
As a result, the plastically flowd material rapidly cools and hardens on the rear side of the probe portion 45a without frictional heat, so that the metal plates 1 and 2 are completely joined in a state where the materials are mixed.
At this time, the joints of the metal plates 1 and 2 that are the workpieces are heated by frictional heat under pressure from the shoulder portions 42 and 43 on both the front and back surfaces. For this reason, since the back surface side shoulder part 43 pressurizes the back surface side of a workpiece, the backing metal required with the conventional apparatus becomes unnecessary. Further, there is no temperature difference between the front and back surfaces of the workpiece compared to the conventional one-side heating, and the heat input efficiency is improved.
[0031]
Therefore, even if the backing metal is not used, the material mixing and material distribution at the joint become uniform, and in particular, the poor fusion of the back surface, which was a problem with conventional one-sided heating, is not possible, improving the internal quality of the joint. Can be made. That is, stable and reliable bonding is possible.
[0032]
Further, unlike the fixed bobbin tool 4A (see FIG. 5), the lower main body 44 on which the back side shoulder portion 43 is formed is configured to be movable in the direction of the rotation axis. Even if it exists, it can follow and pressurize.
At this time, since the load cell 70 detects the applied pressure, for example, when the plate thickness varies and the applied pressure also varies, feedback control is performed as described below using this detected value.
[0033]
For example, when the plate thickness is reduced and the applied pressure is reduced, the amount of oil supplied to the hydraulic cylinder 61 is increased and the piston rod 62 is pushed up to operate to maintain a predetermined applied pressure. As a result, the lower main body 44 is pushed up and moves along the connecting pin 45, so that the back-side shoulder portion 43 can maintain a predetermined pressure and maintain close contact with the workpiece.
[0034]
On the other hand, when the plate thickness increases and the applied pressure increases, the amount of oil in the hydraulic cylinder 61 is reduced to lower the piston rod 62, and the operation is performed to maintain the predetermined applied pressure. As a result, the lower main body 44 and the piston rod 62 are moved downward by an increase in the plate thickness, and the back-side shoulder portion 43 can maintain a predetermined pressure and maintain close contact with the workpiece.
[0035]
By feedback controlling the pressure applied to the hydraulic cylinder 61 in this way, it becomes possible to cope with fluctuations in the plate thickness of the workpiece. This also improves the internal quality and enables stable and reliable joining. Is possible.
In addition to the feedback control of the back side shoulder portion 43 described above, the pressure applied to the main body 41 is also detected, for example, by measuring the surface height of the portion to be joined by laser measurement or the like. A well-known learning control of moving in the vertical direction may be used in combination, and thereby the internal quality of the joint can be further stabilized and the reliability can be improved.
[0036]
By the way, in the above-described embodiment, in the normal friction stir welding, the cooling means for introducing the cooling water is provided for the purpose of cooling the first and second bearings 51 and 52 in which the temperature rise becomes a problem. Depending on conditions such as pressure, rotational speed, and the material and type of the bearing itself, the cooling means may not be required.
Further, the load cell 70 provided as the pressure detection means may not be provided when the hydraulic pressure of the hydraulic cylinder 61 can be kept constant, such as when the thickness of the workpiece does not vary or is extremely small.
[0037]
In the friction stir welding apparatus and the friction stir welding method described above, the workpiece side is described as being moved. However, the workpiece side can be fixed and the welding apparatus can be moved. However, as compared with the case where the friction stirrer side having the pressurizing means 60 such as the hydraulic cylinder 61 that applies a large pressure is moved, when the workpiece side is moved and joined, the operation is easy and the device configuration Is also preferable because it becomes simple.
[0038]
In addition, the structure of this invention is not limited to embodiment mentioned above, In the range which does not deviate from the summary of this invention, it can change suitably.
[0039]
【The invention's effect】
The friction stir welding apparatus and friction stir welding method of the present invention described above have the following effects.
According to the friction stir welding apparatus of the present invention described in claim 1, with such a configuration, the work piece back side of the shoulder portion pressed by the pressurizing means is in close contact with the back face of the work piece. Functions as a backing metal. For this reason, the conventional backing metal becomes unnecessary, and if the workpiece is moved, a mechanism for driving the lower main body of the rotary tool to rotate and pressurize it is sufficient.
[0040]
Further, since the shoulder portion can also be heated from the back surface of the processed portion, the heat input efficiency is improved by heating from both the front and back surfaces, and the temperature difference in the softened region can be reduced. Accordingly, the entire joint is uniformly fused, and there is no poor fusion due to the temperature difference, so that the internal quality of the joint can be improved. For this reason, it is possible to increase the feed speed of the workpiece to increase the friction stir welding and shorten the working time.
[0041]
Furthermore, since the back side of the shoulder is movable in the direction of the axis of rotation, it is possible to cope with fluctuations in the plate thickness of the workpiece, and the effect of improving the internal quality of the joint by maintaining a predetermined pressure There is also. In particular, when the pressurizing means includes a pressurizing force detecting means, the pressurizing force detected by the pressurizing means can be feedback-controlled and maintained at a predetermined value, so that the internal quality of the joint portion is stabilized. Therefore, bonding with higher reliability becomes possible.
In addition, since the supporting means for rotatably supporting the work piece back side of the shoulder portion includes a cooling means, the work piece back side of the shoulder portion is rotatably supported while being pressed by the pressing means. It is possible to suppress the temperature rise of a member such as a bearing to improve the durability and reliability of the apparatus.
[0042]
According to the friction stir welding method according to claim 5, the shoulder portion is provided so that the rotary tool comes into contact with both the front and back surfaces of the workpiece and is heated by frictional heat, and the shoulder portion has the back side of the workpiece. Is pressed against the back surface of the work piece with a predetermined pressure using a pressing means provided below the rotary tool, and the back surface side of the work piece of the shoulder portion is in close contact with the back surface of the work piece. Thus, it can function as a backing metal, rotate while the rotary tool is fixed at a predetermined position, and move and join the workpieces.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of an essential part showing an embodiment of a friction stir welding apparatus according to the present invention.
2 is a perspective view showing the bobbin tool structure of FIG. 1. FIG.
FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing an implementation state of friction stir welding.
FIG. 4 is an explanatory view showing a mechanism of friction stir welding.
FIG. 5 is a front view showing a conventional bobbin tool (rotary tool).
[Explanation of symbols]
1, 2 Metal plate (workpiece)
3 Joining line 40 Bobbin tool (rotary tool)
41 Main body 42 Front side shoulder portion 43 Back side shoulder portion 44 Lower main body 44a Hexagonal hole 44b Pressure surface 45 Connection pin 45a Probe portion 45b Bolt head 46 Fixing pin 50 Support member 51 First bearing 52 Second bearing 53a, 53b, 53c Cooling chamber 60 Pressurizing means 61 Hydraulic cylinder 62 Piston rod 63 Tip 70 Load cell (pressurizing force detecting means)

Claims (6)

被加工物の接合部を回転工具で加熱・撹拌し、非溶融のまま接合する摩擦撹拌接合装置において、
前記回転工具は、前記被加工物の表裏両面を挟持するように接触する一対の本体と、
前記一対の本体それぞれの前記被加工物に接触する面に形成され摩擦熱により加熱するショルダー部
前記一対の本体を貫通する連結ピンとを備え、
前記一対の本体及び前記連結ピンが一体となって回転して前記ショルダー部の被加工物裏面側を回転させるとともに、
前記回転工具の下方には、前記ショルダー部の被加工物裏面側を回転軸方向に移動可能とし、かつ、前記ショルダー部の被加工物裏面側を回転可能に支持して前記被加工物方向へ押し付ける加圧手段を設けたことを特徴とする摩擦撹拌接合装置。
In a friction stir welding apparatus that heats and agitates the joints of workpieces with a rotary tool and joins them without melting,
The rotary tool has a pair of main bodies that are in contact with each other so as to sandwich both front and back surfaces of the workpiece ;
A shoulder portion in which said each of the pair of main body is formed on the surface in contact with the workpiece is heated by frictional heat,
A connecting pin penetrating the pair of main bodies,
The pair of main bodies and the connecting pin rotate together to rotate the work piece back side of the shoulder portion,
Below the rotating tool, the back side of the work piece of the shoulder portion can be moved in the direction of the rotation axis, and the back side of the work piece of the shoulder portion can be rotatably supported toward the work piece. A friction stir welding apparatus provided with a pressing means for pressing.
前記加圧手段が加圧力検出手段を備えていることを特徴とする請求項1記載の摩擦撹拌接合装置。  The friction stir welding apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the pressurizing unit includes a pressure detection unit. 前記ショルダー部の被加工物裏面側を回転可能に支持する支持手段が冷却手段を備えていることを特徴とする請求項1または2記載の摩擦撹拌接合装置。  The friction stir welding apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the support means for rotatably supporting the work piece back side of the shoulder portion includes a cooling means. 所定位置に固定した状態で回転する前記回転工具に対し、前記被加工物を移動させて接合することを特徴とする請求項1から3のいずれかに記載の摩擦撹拌接合装置。  The friction stir welding apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the workpieces are moved and joined to the rotating tool that rotates while being fixed at a predetermined position. 被加工物の接合部を回転工具で加熱・撹拌し、非溶融のまま接合させる摩擦撹拌接合方法において、
前記回転工具が前記被加工物の表裏両面を挟持するように接触して摩擦熱により加熱するショルダー部を設け、
前記ショルダー部の被加工物裏面側を、前記回転工具の下方に設けた加圧手段を用いて前記被加工物の裏面に所定圧力で押し付けて加圧しながら接合させることを特徴とする摩擦撹拌接合方法。
In the friction stir welding method in which the joined part of the workpiece is heated and stirred with a rotating tool and joined without melting,
Provided a shoulder portion that is heated by frictional heat in contact with the rotary tool so as to sandwich both front and back surfaces of the workpiece,
Friction stir welding characterized in that the work piece back side of the shoulder portion is pressed and pressed against the back face of the work piece with a predetermined pressure using a pressurizing means provided below the rotary tool. Method.
前記回転工具を所定位置に固定した状態で回転させるとともに、前記被加工物を移動させて接合することを特徴とする請求項5記載の摩擦撹拌接合方法。  6. The friction stir welding method according to claim 5, wherein the rotary tool is rotated while being fixed at a predetermined position, and the workpieces are moved and joined.
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