JP3729088B2 - Garbage processing machine - Google Patents

Garbage processing machine Download PDF

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JP3729088B2
JP3729088B2 JP2001158757A JP2001158757A JP3729088B2 JP 3729088 B2 JP3729088 B2 JP 3729088B2 JP 2001158757 A JP2001158757 A JP 2001158757A JP 2001158757 A JP2001158757 A JP 2001158757A JP 3729088 B2 JP3729088 B2 JP 3729088B2
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garbage
storage unit
garbage storage
microorganisms
temperature
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JP2002346517A (en
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達夫 吉川
三郎 梶川
昌弘 木村
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Panasonic Corp
Panasonic Holdings Corp
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Matsushita Electric Industrial Co Ltd
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Description

【0001】
【発明が属する技術】
本発明は生ゴミを処理する生ゴミ処理機に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来の生ゴミ処理機は、大きく微生物分解タイプと加熱乾燥タイプに分けられる。
【0003】
微生物分解タイプは、生ゴミを微生物が分解するもので、生ゴミ投入前に微生物活性化のためおがくずなどのチップを入れておいて使用する。運転中は生ゴミ分解槽を30℃前後の温度を維持し、定期的に攪拌を加えながら分解活動を促進させるもので1日分の生ゴミを1日〜3日程度の時間をかけて分解処理していく。
【0004】
この場合、微生物が生ゴミを分解処理することにより、生ゴミは、発酵しながら分解されるため、処理後の生ゴミは、そのまま有機肥料として活用することができる。その反面微生物を正常に活動させるためには、投入する生ゴミの種類や量を制限する必要があり、また処理物は雑菌も多く付着しているため、衛生上の取り扱いには注意が必要であった。
【0005】
一方、加熱乾燥タイプは、生ゴミを100〜130℃程度の熱を加えて乾燥させるというもので、2〜4時間程度で1日分の生ゴミを乾燥し、減量させることができる。この方式では、ヒータの熱を送風する送風ファンと、生ゴミを粉砕攪拌する攪拌手段と、処理中の臭いを除去するための脱臭装置とが配備されているタイプが一般的である。
【0006】
加熱乾燥タイプの場合は、短時間で処理できることと、投入する生ゴミの種類を限定する必要がなく、また処理後の処理物は雑菌などが著しく減少もしくは死滅しているため衛生的であり、使用面では取り扱いが容易である。その反面、微生物分解タイプに比べれば電気使用量が多く、また処理物を有機肥料として使用するためには、2週間程度の熟成期間が必要といわれている。
【0007】
本発明は前記2方式のよい部分を利用することを狙うもので、加熱乾燥タイプに比べ電気使用量を抑えながら、衛生的でかつ肥料としても有効活用できる処理物を作り出せる生ゴミ処理機を提供することを目的とする。
【0008】
【課題を解決するための手段】
前記従来の課題を達成するために本発明は、生ゴミ収納部と、前記生ゴミ収納部内を加熱する加熱手段と、前記加熱手段を制御する制御手段とを備え、前記制御手段は前記加熱手段の設定を前記生ゴミ収納部内の微生物を活性化させる温度と、前記生ゴミ収納部内の微生物を減少、もしくは消滅させる温度とに切り換え可能とし、前記加熱手段の設定温度切り換えを自動的に行うための信号入力として、生ゴミ収納部内のガスの発生量、濃度、臭気を検出する検出手段の信号出力の少なくとも1つを利用する構成としたもので、微生物が分解処理したものを加熱して雑菌を減少させたり、加熱乾燥後も有機肥料として即時に使用できるよう発酵を促したりすることができる。
【0009】
また、一定の時間経過後に処理モードを自動的に切り換えることができ、たとえば微生物分解がほぼ完了した時間に加熱乾燥で殺菌処理を行うなどの2つの処理モードの利点を生かした使い方ができる。
【0010】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明の請求項1記載の発明は、生ゴミ収納部と、前記生ゴミ収納部内を加熱する加熱手段と、前記加熱手段を制御する制御手段とを備え、前記制御手段は前記加熱手段の設定を前記生ゴミ収納部内の微生物を活性化させる温度と、前記生ゴミ収納部内の微生物を減少、もしくは消滅させる温度とに切り換え可能とし、前記加熱手段の設定温度切り換えを自動的に行うための信号入力として、生ゴミ収納部内のガスの発生量、濃度、臭気を検出する検出手段の信号出力の少なくとも1つを利用する構成としたもので、微生物分解処理による生ゴミ処理と、加熱乾燥による乾燥処理を1つの機器で選択しながら処理できる。
【0011】
そのため、微生物で分解処理したものを加熱して雑菌を減少させたり、加熱乾燥後も有機肥料として即時に使用できるよう発酵を促したりすることができ、1つの機器で処理モードを切り換えることにより、電気使用量を抑えながら衛生的でかつ肥料としても有効活用できる処理物が作り出せる生ゴミ処理機を提供することができる。
【0012】
また、一定の時間経過後に処理モードを自動的に切り換えることができ、たとえば微生物分解がほぼ完了した時間に加熱乾燥で殺菌処理を行うなどの2つの処理モードの利点を生かした使い方ができる。また、処理物の変化状態に応じて発生するガスの状態を検出して処理モードを自動的に切り換えることができ、進行状態に応じて最適な処理モードを自動で選択してくれるため、手を煩わせることなく最適な処理物をつくりだすことができる。
【0013】
【実施例】
以下、本発明の実施例について、図面を用いて説明する。
【0014】
(実施例1)
図1は本発明の実施例における生ごみ処理機の正面断面図であり、図2は同生ごみ処理機の要部側面断面図である。
【0015】
図1、2において、11は生ゴミを投入する生ごみ収納部である。生ごみ収納部11の一端の上部には、生ごみを投入する投入口12が形成してあり、蓋42に密着して生ごみ収納部11を密閉するパッキン13が設けてある。生ごみ収納部11の上部中央には、リング状のヒータ14とその中央に配備した送風手段である乾燥ファン15が取着してあり、乾燥ファン15は、乾燥モータ16によって回転される。生ごみ収納部11の底面には、その下部に接して面状ヒータ17が設けてある。さらに生ごみ収納部11の中央部には、生ごみ収納部11両壁に橋渡しした回転シャフト18が設けてあり、回転シャフト18には、数本の攪拌羽根19が間隔を置いて配備してある。攪拌羽根19の先端には回転方向に対し傾斜させた平面部22が形成してあり、回転の際、生ごみ及び処理物をスラスト方向に押し出す動きを作り出す。回転シャフト18の回転方向は通常は約1分ごとに反転するが、生ごみ収納部11内の処理物を取り出す場合は、回転シャフトを一方向に連続運転させ、生ごみ収納部11の側壁23側に押出す。生ごみ収納部11の側壁23には、排出口24が設けてあり、扉25をあけて処理物を排出する。排出された処理物は、トレイ44に落ちて貯まる。トレイ44は着脱式であり、一杯になったら引き出して処理物を取り出すことができる。26は回転シャフト18を回転させる駆動モータであり、大小のギヤ27,28によって減速されて回転シャフト18に回転力が伝わる。29は大小のギヤ27,28に張架したチェーンである。
【0016】
30は生ごみ収納部11内の空気を吸い出す換気手段である吸引ファンであり、吸引モータ40にて回転される。31は、触媒脱臭装置、32は触媒脱臭装置を加熱する触媒ヒータである。触媒脱臭装置31は、触媒ヒータ32の外側にらせん状にフィン41を巻きつけ、そこに白金などの触媒を担持したものをケースに入れたもので、フィン41が触媒ヒータ32で加熱されることにより、フィン41間を通過する臭気が分解される。フィン41の温度は、温度センサで検出しながら制御することもできるが、本実施例では、本体の運転状態に合わせて触媒ヒータ32の入力を設定することにより、必要な分解性能を維持することができる。
【0017】
20は生ごみ収納部11と触媒脱臭装置31を連結する連結パイプである。吸引ファン30で生ごみ収納部11内の空気を吸い出す分、外気が排出口24と蓋25との隙間から生ごみ収納部11内に入り込む。その際の空気の流れを説明すると、排出口24から入った空気が連結パイプ20に入り、触媒脱臭装置31で脱臭したあとに排出される。排出口24の隙間から外気を吸引しているため、排出口24の隙間からの臭いもれを防ぐことができる。吸引ファン30により排出された空気は、脱臭装置で加熱されているため、上昇気流が生じ、排気筒の上方に設けた排気口33より外部へ排出される。35は各手段の運転動作を制御する制御回路である。36はリング状ヒータ14を制御する第1の温度センサ、37は面状ヒータ17を制御する第2の温度センサ、38は生ゴミより発生するガスを検知する検出センサであるガスセンサ、39は生ゴミ及びおがくず34の湿り具合を検出する検出センサである湿度センサである。
【0018】
前記構成において生ゴミ収納部11には、介入物としておがくず34を事前に投入しておく。投入口12より投入した生ゴミは、おがくず34とともに攪拌手段である攪拌羽根19によって間欠に攪拌され、その過程のなかで生ゴミに付着した微生物が繁殖して生ゴミを分解していく。おがくず34及び生ゴミは、加熱手段である面状ヒータ17によって加熱され、制御手段である制御回路35によって30℃前後の一定温度が保たれているため、外気温の変動の影響を受けることなく微生物の活性化が行われ、1日分の生ゴミが1日〜3日の間に分解処理され、約1/10に減量される。分解処理の間は、生ゴミより腐敗臭が発生するが、分解の速度が遅いため、その臭気の量は少ない。本実施例では、生ごみ収納部11内の蒸気を吸い出す吸引ファン30と触媒脱臭装置31を設けることにより、この臭気を吸引し、脱臭してから排気しているため、外部に臭気がもれることはほとんどない。また臭気の量が少ないため吸引ファン30の吸引量や脱臭装置31を加熱する触媒ヒータ32の入力は、それほど上げなくても臭気を除去することができ、面状ヒータ17や攪拌用の駆動モータ26とあわせても機器としての電気使用量は、少なく抑えることができる。
【0019】
分解処理が終わった後の処理物は、有機肥料としての自然発酵も進んでおり、そのまま有機肥料として使用できるが、分解処理に伴い発生した多くの微生物及び雑菌が付着しており、直接触ることに対して衛生面で懸念される。そこで本実施例では、面状ヒータ17の設定温度切り換えと同時に乾燥モータ16に取り付けられた乾燥ファン15を回転させることにより、生ゴミ収納部11内に約130℃の温風を拡散させ、おがくず34及び処理物を1時間程度加熱する。これにより処理物が高温になるため、雑菌等が死滅し、その量は大幅に減少するので衛生的でまた菌の繁殖が抑えられることから処理物をそのままの状態で長期保存できるようになる。この時生ゴミ収納部11内に万遍なく温風が行き渡るよう送風の方向を切り換えればより短時間で乾燥ができる。具体的には乾燥ファン15から離れた位置にあるゴミについては、乾燥ファン15の回転数を増やし、送風量を上げることにより、温風が届くようにし、乾燥ファン15に近い位置にあるゴミに対しては、送風量を落とし、ゴミの舞い上がりをおさえながら温風を当てる。この操作を乾燥モータ16の回転数を制御しながら繰り返すことにより、生ゴミ収納部11内のゴミに均一に温風が届くようにする。この際、乾燥モータ16の回転数を上げるだけでなく、間欠運転とし、運転時間を変化させることにより、送風量を制御してもよい。
【0020】
加熱乾燥するときは、吸引モータ40の回転数を上げ、吸引量を増やすとともに、触媒ヒータ32の発熱量を上げ、触媒脱臭装置31分解性能を高める。これにより加熱による臭気発生が増えても触媒脱臭装置31側に吸引し、臭いを除去してしまうため外部に臭いがもれることはない。この場合、吸引モータ40の回転数を上げるだけでなく、間欠運転とし、運転時間を変化させることにより、吸引量を制御してもよい。
【0021】
また、攪拌羽根19も加熱乾燥時は、設定温度切り換えると同時に回転時間を長く採り、生ゴミを頻繁に攪拌する。したがって万遍なく加熱乾燥が行われるとともに、処理物は細かく粉砕され、減容が促進される。処理終了後は、攪拌羽根19を一方向に回転させることにより、処理物が他端側に押し出され、他端の側壁23に設けた排出口24より排出される。排出された処理物は、トレイ44に蓄積されるが雑菌も少なくなっており長期保存でき、必要な時期に有機肥料として利用すればよい。
【0022】
生ゴミ収納部11内の処理物はすべて排出せず、一定量残して次の生ゴミを投入するようにし、再び生ゴミを投入する際には、あらかじめ培養された微生物を含む溶液を投入した培養槽45からポンプ(図示せず)などによってこの溶液を噴出させ、生ゴミおよび処理物に、微生物をふりかける。温度設定は、微生物分解促進用の30℃前後の温度に切り換るため、生ゴミが分解処理されていく。
【0023】
上記温度切り換えは、生ゴミより発生するガスを検知するガスセンサ38と、生ゴミ及びおがくず34の湿り具合を検出する湿度センサ39によって分解発酵時に発生する酸素量と、処理によって減少していく水分量(重量センサで検出しても良い)を検出することにより進行状態を判断して、自動的に切り換る。また運転時間を計測することにより発酵状態を推測し、設定切換の判断値として利用する。これらによって使用者は進行状況を管理する手間は要らず、自動で処理することができる。処理温度設定を使用者が選択して使ってもかまわない。もちろん手動切換スイッチ(図示せず)を設け、投入するゴミの種類や量に応じて処理温度設定を使用者が選択して使ってもよい。
【0024】
以上述べたように本実施例によれば次のような効果が得られる。
【0025】
本実施例によれば、制御手段により加熱手段の温度制御において、生ゴミ収納部内の微生物を繁殖させる温度設定と、生ゴミ収納部内の微生物を減少、もしくは消滅させる温度設定とを切り換えるもので、微生物分解処理による生ゴミ処理と、加熱乾燥による乾燥処理を1つの機器で選択しながら処理できるようにしているので、微生物で分解処理したものを加熱して雑菌を減少させたり、加熱乾燥後も有機肥料として即時に使用できるよう発酵を促すことができ、1つの機器で処理モードを切り換えることにより、電気使用量を抑えながら衛生的でかつ肥料としても有効活用できる処理物を作り出せる。
【0026】
また、生ゴミ収納部の温度を、生ゴミを分解する微生物が活性化する温度設定と、生ゴミを100℃を超える温度で乾燥させる温度設定に切り換える制御手段を有するので、具体的には設定温度を生ゴミを分解する微生物が活性化し繁殖する30℃前後の温度と、生ゴミを短時間で乾燥、抗菌する100℃を超える温度とを切り換えるようにしているので、微生物の活動をより活性化して活用するとともに、短時間で乾燥と雑菌の減少・死滅ができる。
【0027】
さらに、構成機能部品を下記のようにすることにより、利便性をさらに高めることができる。
【0028】
すなわち、生ゴミ収納部内の生ゴミ、もしくは生ゴミと混入して使用する介在物を攪拌する攪拌手段を用い、その攪拌速度、攪拌時間、攪拌停止時間、攪拌方向の設定値のうち、少なくとも1つの設定値を、制御手段により生ゴミ収納部加熱手段の温度設定切り換えに連動して切り換えるようにすることにより、生ゴミを分解もしくは乾燥する温度に合わせ、処理性能を最適にするための攪拌条件を自動的に切り換えることができるので、処理モードに合わせて容易に最適条件を作り出すことができ、一層の処理性能を向上させることができる。
【0029】
また、生ゴミ収納部内に空気流を発生させる送風手段を用い、その送風量、送風時間、送風停止時間、送風方向の設定値のうち、少なくとも1つの設定値を、制御手段により、生ゴミ収納部加熱手段の温度設定切り換えに連動して切り換えるようにすることにより、生ゴミを分解もしくは乾燥する温度に合わせ、処理性能を最適にするための送風条件を自動的に切り換えることができるので、処理モードに合わせて容易に最適条件を作り出すことができ、一層の処理性能を向上させることができる。
【0030】
また、生ゴミ収納部内の換気を行う換気手段を用い、その送風量、送風時間、送風停止時間、送風方向の設定値のうち、少なくとも1つの設定値を、制御手段により、生ゴミ収納部加熱手段の温度設定切り換えに連動して切り換えるようにすることにより、生ゴミを分解もしくは乾燥する温度に合わせ、処理性能を最適にするための換気条件を自動的に切り換えることができるので、処理モードに合わせて容易に最適条件を作り出すことができ、一層の処理性能を向上させることができる。
【0031】
また、生ゴミ収納部より発生する臭気を軽減、もしくは除去する脱臭装置を用い、制御手段により、その脱臭能力を生ゴミ収納部加熱手段の温度設定切り換えに連動して切り換えることにより、生ゴミを分解もしくは乾燥する温度に合わせ処理時に発生する臭気の分解性能を自動的に切り換えることができ、処理モードに合わせて必要な分解性能を発揮するようにすることができるので、臭い発生を低減し、かつ電気使用量の無駄をなくすようにすることができる。
【0032】
また、生ゴミ加熱手段の温度設定切り換えを任意に行える切換スイッチなどの切換手段を配備することにより、使用者が目的に応じて自由に処理方法を選択でき、1つの機器で使用目的に合った処理方法を任意に使い分けできるようにすることができる。
【0033】
また、生ゴミ加熱手段の温度設定切り換えを自動的に行うための信号入力として運転時間を計測するタイマー装置の信号出力を利用すると、一定の時間経過後に処理モードを自動的に切り換えることができ、たとえば微生物分解がほぼ完了した時間に加熱乾燥で殺菌処理を行うなどの2つの処理モードの利点を生かした使い方ができる。
【0034】
また、生ゴミ加熱手段の温度設定切り換えを自動的に行うための信号入力として生ゴミ収納部内のガスの発生量、濃度、臭気のいずれかを検出する検出手段の信号出力を利用すると、処理物の変化状態に応じて発生するガスの状態を検出して処理モードを自動的に切り換えることができ、進行状態に応じて最適な処理モードを自動で選択してくれるため、手を煩わせることなく最適な処理物を作ることができる。
【0035】
また、生ゴミ加熱手段の温度設定切り換えを自動的に行うための信号入力として生ゴミ収納部内の生ゴミ、もしくは生ゴミと混入して使用する介在物の湿度もしくは水分含有率のいずれかを検出する検出手段の信号出力を利用すると、生ゴミ収納部内の湿気もしくは水分率の状態を検出して、処理物の変化状態に応じて処理モードを自動的に切り換えることができ、進行状態に応じて最適な処理モードを自動で選択できるので、手を煩わせることなく最適な処理物をつくりだすことができる。
【0036】
また、生ゴミ加熱手段の温度設定切り換えを自動的に行うための信号入力として生ゴミ収納部内の生ゴミ、もしくは生ゴミと混入して使用する介在物の重量もしくは容量のいずれかを検出する検出手段の信号出力を利用すると、生ゴミ収納部内の処理物の重量、もしくは容量を検出して、処理物の変化状態に応じて処理モードを自動的に切り換えることができ、進行状態や蓄積量に応じて最適な処理モードを自動で選択できるため、手を煩わせることなく最適な処理物をつくりだすことができる。
【0037】
(実施例2)
図3は本発明の実施例2における生ごみ処理機の正面断面図である。なお、本実施例は、実施例1と基本構成は同じでなので、説明に必要な構成以外の同じ構成の符号およびその説明は省略し、実施例1と異なる点について主に説明する。
【0038】
本実施例が実施例1と異なる点は、本実施例ではガイド板46と仕切板47を設けた点である。これにより生ごみ収納部11を加熱乾燥処理槽48と、微生物分解処理槽49とに分けることができる。なお、攪拌羽根19の回転により、平板22によって押し上げられた生ゴミは、攪拌羽根19の回転方向によって、加熱乾燥処理槽48と、微生物分解処理槽49との間を行き来することができる構成としている。
【0039】
本実施例では、投入された生ゴミを加熱乾燥で完全乾燥状態(含水分率0%)に対し50〜80%、好ましくは60〜70%まで乾燥させ、その後処理物を微生物分解槽に移動して微生物により発酵処理をさせる。加熱乾燥により短時間で減量された生ごみは、微生物分解槽でも比較的速く分解処理されるため短時間で処理でき、しかも発酵が進んでいるので有機肥料として利用できる。ここで生ごみの乾燥度合いを50〜80%にしたのは50%未満では処理時間がかかりすぎるためであり、80%を超えると電気使用量が多くなるとともに、乾燥し過ぎのため、発酵しにくく有機肥料としてそのまま使用することができ難くなるためである。
【0040】
よって実施例1よりも短時間で生ごみの処理と、有機肥料の作成とを行うことができる。もちろんもう一度加熱乾燥処理槽48に戻し、雑菌を減少させる処理を行い、衛生面の向上を図ることもできる。
【0041】
以上述べたように本実施例によれば次のような効果が得られる。
【0042】
すなわち、生ゴミを分解処理する微生物を培養する培養層と、生ゴミを投入する生ゴミ収納部へ前記培養層から微生物を供給する移動手段を有しているので、加熱乾燥処理後、直ちに微生物分解処理に切り換えられるよう微生物を投入することができ、効率よく2つの処理モードを切り換えることができる。
【0043】
さらに下記のようにすることにより、利便性を高めることができる。
【0044】
生ごみ収納部内に、微生物を繁殖させる温度設定区画と、微生物を減少、もしくは消滅させる温度設定区画とを設け、微生物分解処理による生ゴミ処理と、加熱乾燥による乾燥処理を1つの機器で同時に処理できるようにし、微生物で分解処理したものを加熱して雑菌を減少させたり、加熱乾燥後も有機肥料として即時に使用できるよう発酵を促したりするなど、1つの機器で2つの処理方法を徐々に組み合わせながら処理することで、短時間で処理することができ、電気使用量を抑えながら衛生的で、かつ肥料としても有効活用できる処理物を作り出すことができる。
【0045】
また、生ゴミ収納部内に、微生物を繁殖させる温度設定槽と、微生物を減少、もしくは消滅させる温度設定槽と用いることで、2つの処理方法を行う処理槽を完全に分けることができ、1つの機器で2つの処理モードを併用し、さらにそれぞれの状態のままで保存できることにより、いつでもどちらかの処理方法の処理物を取り出すことができるようにすることができる。
【0046】
また、微生物を繁殖させる温度設定区画、あるいは槽と、微生物を減少、もしくは消滅させる温度設定区画あるいは槽とを備え、前記2つの区画あるいは槽の間で処理物を移動させる移動手段を設けることにより、いずれか一方の処理方法で処理が経過した処理物を別の処理方法でさらに追加処理できるように交互の区画、もしくは槽を処理物が移動できるので、微生物で分解処理したものを加熱して雑菌を減少させたり、加熱乾燥後も有機肥料として即時に使用できるよう発酵を促したりすることができ、短時間で肥料としても有効活用できる処理物を作り出すことができる。
【0047】
【発明の効果】
以上のように、本発明によれば、加熱乾燥タイプに比べ電気使用量を抑えながら、衛生的でかつ肥料としても有効活用できる処理物を作り出せる生ゴミ処理機を提供することができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】 本発明の実施例1における生ごみ処理機の正面断面図
【図2】 同生ごみ処理機の要部側面断面図
【図3】 本発明の実施例2における生ごみ処理機の正面断面図
【符号の説明】
11 生ごみ収納部
15 乾燥ファン(送風手段)
17 面状ヒータ(加熱手段)
19 攪拌羽根(攪拌手段)
30 吸引ファン(換気手段)
31 触媒脱臭装置(脱臭装置)
34 おがくず(介入物)
35 制御回路(制御手段)
38 ガスセンサ(検出センサ)
39 湿度センサ(検出センサ)
45 培養槽
[0001]
[Technology to which the Invention belongs]
The present invention relates to a garbage processing machine for processing garbage.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventional garbage processing machines are roughly classified into a microbial decomposition type and a heat drying type.
[0003]
The microbial decomposition type is a method in which microorganisms are decomposed by garbage, and chips such as sawdust are put in order to activate microorganisms before the garbage is input. During operation, the garbage decomposition tank is maintained at a temperature of around 30 ° C, and the decomposition activity is promoted while periodically stirring. It decomposes the garbage for one day over a period of 1 to 3 days. Process it.
[0004]
In this case, since the microorganisms decompose the raw garbage so that the raw garbage is decomposed while being fermented, the processed raw garbage can be used as it is as an organic fertilizer. On the other hand, in order for microorganisms to operate normally, it is necessary to limit the type and amount of raw garbage that is input, and since many processed germs are attached to the treated product, care must be taken in handling hygiene. there were.
[0005]
On the other hand, the heat drying type is a method in which the raw garbage is dried by applying heat of about 100 to 130 ° C., and the daily garbage can be dried and reduced in about 2 to 4 hours. In this system, a type in which a blower fan that blows the heat of the heater, a stirring unit that pulverizes and stirs the garbage, and a deodorizing device for removing odor during processing is generally provided.
[0006]
In the case of the heat drying type, it is possible to process in a short time, and it is not necessary to limit the type of raw garbage to be added, and the processed product is hygienic because germs are significantly reduced or killed, In terms of usage, it is easy to handle. On the other hand, the amount of electricity used is larger than that of the microbial decomposition type, and it is said that an aging period of about 2 weeks is required to use the treated product as an organic fertilizer.
[0007]
The present invention aims to utilize the good part of the above two methods, and provides a garbage processing machine that can produce a treated product that is hygienic and can be effectively used as a fertilizer while reducing the amount of electricity used compared to the heat drying type. The purpose is to do.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the conventional problem, the present invention includes a garbage storage unit, a heating unit for heating the inside of the garbage storage unit, and a control unit for controlling the heating unit, and the control unit is the heating unit. Can be switched between a temperature at which microorganisms in the garbage storage unit are activated and a temperature at which microorganisms in the garbage storage unit are reduced or eliminated, and the set temperature of the heating means is automatically switched. As a signal input, at least one of the signal output of the detection means for detecting the generation amount, concentration, and odor of the gas in the garbage storage unit is used. Fermentation can be promoted so that it can be used immediately as an organic fertilizer even after heat drying.
[0009]
In addition, the processing mode can be automatically switched after a lapse of a certain time, and for example, it can be used by taking advantage of the advantages of the two processing modes, such as sterilization by heat drying at the time when microbial decomposition is almost completed.
[0010]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention according to claim 1 of the present invention includes a garbage storage unit, a heating unit for heating the inside of the garbage storage unit, and a control unit for controlling the heating unit, and the control unit is configured to set the heating unit. Can be switched between a temperature for activating microorganisms in the garbage storage section and a temperature for reducing or eliminating microorganisms in the garbage storage section, and a signal for automatically switching the set temperature of the heating means The input uses at least one of the signal output of the detection means for detecting the generation amount, concentration, and odor of gas in the garbage storage unit. The garbage treatment by microbial decomposition treatment and the drying by heat drying Processing can be performed while selecting with one device.
[0011]
Therefore, it is possible to reduce the number of germs by heating those decomposed with microorganisms, or to promote fermentation so that it can be used immediately as an organic fertilizer even after heat drying, and by switching the processing mode with one device, It is possible to provide a garbage disposal machine capable of producing a treated product that is hygienic and can be effectively used as a fertilizer while suppressing the amount of electricity used.
[0012]
In addition, the processing mode can be automatically switched after a lapse of a certain time, and for example, it can be used by taking advantage of the advantages of the two processing modes, such as sterilization by heat drying at the time when microbial decomposition is almost completed. In addition, the processing mode can be automatically switched by detecting the state of the gas generated according to the change state of the processed material, and the optimum processing mode is automatically selected according to the progress state. An optimal processed product can be produced without bothering.
[0013]
【Example】
Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
[0014]
(Example 1)
FIG. 1 is a front sectional view of a garbage disposal machine according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a side sectional view of an essential part of the garbage disposal machine.
[0015]
In FIGS. 1 and 2, reference numeral 11 denotes a garbage storage unit for introducing garbage. At the upper part of one end of the garbage storage unit 11, an input port 12 for introducing the garbage is formed, and a packing 13 that is in close contact with the lid 42 and seals the garbage storage unit 11 is provided. A ring-shaped heater 14 and a drying fan 15 which is a blowing means provided in the center of the garbage storage unit 11 are attached to the garbage storage unit 11. The drying fan 15 is rotated by a drying motor 16. A planar heater 17 is provided on the bottom surface of the garbage storage unit 11 in contact with the lower part thereof. Furthermore, a rotating shaft 18 that bridges both walls of the garbage storage unit 11 is provided at the center of the garbage storage unit 11, and several stirring blades 19 are arranged at intervals on the rotation shaft 18. is there. A flat surface portion 22 inclined with respect to the rotation direction is formed at the tip of the stirring blade 19, and creates a movement of pushing out the garbage and the processed material in the thrust direction during the rotation. The rotation direction of the rotary shaft 18 is usually reversed about every 1 minute. However, when taking out the processed material in the garbage storage unit 11, the rotary shaft is continuously operated in one direction, and the side wall 23 of the garbage storage unit 11. Extrude to the side. A discharge port 24 is provided in the side wall 23 of the garbage storage unit 11, and a door 25 is opened to discharge the processed material. The discharged processed material falls on the tray 44 and is stored. The tray 44 is detachable, and when it is full, it can be pulled out to take out the processed material. Reference numeral 26 denotes a drive motor for rotating the rotary shaft 18, and the rotational force is transmitted to the rotary shaft 18 by being decelerated by the large and small gears 27 and 28. Reference numeral 29 denotes a chain stretched around the large and small gears 27 and 28.
[0016]
Reference numeral 30 denotes a suction fan which is a ventilation means for sucking out air in the garbage storage unit 11 and is rotated by a suction motor 40. 31 is a catalyst deodorizing device, and 32 is a catalyst heater for heating the catalyst deodorizing device. The catalyst deodorizing device 31 is a device in which fins 41 are spirally wound around the outside of the catalyst heater 32 and a catalyst carrying a catalyst such as platinum is put in a case. The fins 41 are heated by the catalyst heater 32. Thus, the odor passing between the fins 41 is decomposed. The temperature of the fin 41 can be controlled while being detected by a temperature sensor, but in this embodiment, the necessary decomposition performance is maintained by setting the input of the catalyst heater 32 in accordance with the operating state of the main body. Can do.
[0017]
Reference numeral 20 denotes a connecting pipe that connects the garbage storage unit 11 and the catalyst deodorizing device 31. Since the air in the garbage storage unit 11 is sucked out by the suction fan 30, the outside air enters the garbage storage unit 11 through the gap between the discharge port 24 and the lid 25. The flow of air at that time will be described. Air that has entered from the discharge port 24 enters the connecting pipe 20 and is deodorized by the catalyst deodorizing device 31 before being discharged. Since the outside air is sucked from the gap of the discharge port 24, odor leakage from the gap of the discharge port 24 can be prevented. Since the air exhausted by the suction fan 30 is heated by the deodorizing device, an ascending airflow is generated and is exhausted to the outside through the exhaust port 33 provided above the exhaust pipe. A control circuit 35 controls the operation of each means. 36 is a first temperature sensor for controlling the ring heater 14, 37 is a second temperature sensor for controlling the planar heater 17, 38 is a gas sensor which is a detection sensor for detecting gas generated from garbage, and 39 is a raw sensor. This is a humidity sensor that is a detection sensor that detects the wetness of dust and sawdust 34.
[0018]
In the above configuration, sawdust 34 is put in the garbage storage unit 11 in advance as an intervention. The garbage thrown in from the inlet 12 is intermittently stirred together with sawdust 34 by a stirring blade 19 as a stirring means, and in the process, microorganisms attached to the garbage are propagated and decomposed. Sawdust 34 and garbage are heated by the planar heater 17 serving as a heating means and maintained at a constant temperature of about 30 ° C. by a control circuit 35 serving as a control means, so that they are not affected by fluctuations in the outside air temperature. Microorganisms are activated, and one day's worth of garbage is decomposed between 1st and 3rd, and reduced to about 1/10. During the decomposition process, a rotting odor is generated from the garbage, but since the decomposition speed is slow, the amount of the odor is small. In this embodiment, by providing the suction fan 30 for sucking out the steam in the garbage storage unit 11 and the catalyst deodorizing device 31, the odor is sucked and deodorized and then exhausted. There is hardly anything. Further, since the amount of odor is small, the odor can be removed without increasing the suction amount of the suction fan 30 and the input of the catalyst heater 32 for heating the deodorizing device 31, and the planar heater 17 and the drive motor for stirring can be removed. Even when combined with H.26, the amount of electricity used as a device can be reduced.
[0019]
The processed product after the decomposition treatment has been naturally fermented as an organic fertilizer and can be used as it is as an organic fertilizer. However, many microorganisms and germs generated by the decomposition treatment are attached and must be in direct contact. Concern about hygiene. Therefore, in this embodiment, by rotating the drying fan 15 attached to the drying motor 16 at the same time when the set temperature of the planar heater 17 is switched, hot air of about 130 ° C. is diffused in the garbage storage unit 11 and sawdust. 34 and the processed product are heated for about 1 hour. As a result, the treated product becomes high temperature, so that various germs and the like are killed and the amount thereof is greatly reduced. Therefore, the treated product can be stored for a long time as it is because it is hygienic and suppresses the growth of bacteria. At this time, drying can be performed in a shorter time if the direction of the air flow is switched so that the warm air is uniformly distributed in the garbage storage unit 11. Specifically, with respect to the dust at a position away from the drying fan 15, the rotational speed of the drying fan 15 is increased and the amount of air blown is increased so that warm air can reach and the dust at a position near the drying fan 15. On the other hand, reduce the air flow and apply warm air while suppressing the rise of garbage. By repeating this operation while controlling the number of rotations of the drying motor 16, the hot air reaches the garbage in the garbage storage unit 11 uniformly. At this time, not only the rotation speed of the drying motor 16 but also the intermittent operation may be performed, and the air flow may be controlled by changing the operation time.
[0020]
When heating and drying, the number of rotations of the suction motor 40 is increased to increase the amount of suction, and the amount of heat generated by the catalyst heater 32 is increased to improve the decomposition performance of the catalyst deodorizing device 31. As a result, even if the generation of odor due to heating increases, the odor is sucked to the catalyst deodorizing device 31 side and removed, so that no odor is leaked to the outside. In this case, not only the number of rotations of the suction motor 40 may be increased, but the suction amount may be controlled by changing the operation time by intermittent operation.
[0021]
Further, when the stirring blade 19 is also heated and dried, at the same time as switching the set temperature, a longer rotation time is taken to frequently stir the garbage. Therefore, heat drying is performed uniformly, and the processed product is finely pulverized to promote volume reduction. After the processing is completed, the processing blade is pushed out to the other end side by rotating the stirring blade 19 in one direction, and discharged from the discharge port 24 provided on the side wall 23 at the other end. The discharged processed product is accumulated in the tray 44, but there are few germs and it can be stored for a long time, and it can be used as an organic fertilizer at a necessary time.
[0022]
All of the processed material in the garbage storage unit 11 is not discharged, but a certain amount is left and the next garbage is thrown in. When the garbage is put in again, a solution containing microorganisms cultured in advance is added. This solution is ejected from the culture tank 45 by a pump (not shown) or the like, and the microorganisms are sprinkled on the garbage and the processed material. Since the temperature setting is switched to a temperature around 30 ° C. for promoting microbial degradation, the garbage is decomposed.
[0023]
The temperature switching is performed by the gas sensor 38 that detects gas generated from the garbage and the humidity sensor 39 that detects the wetness of the garbage and sawdust 34, and the amount of oxygen that is reduced by the treatment. The state of progress is determined by detecting (which may be detected by a weight sensor), and switching is performed automatically. In addition, the fermentation state is estimated by measuring the operation time and used as a judgment value for setting switching. As a result, the user does not need to manage the progress, and can be processed automatically. The user may select and use the processing temperature setting. Of course, a manual changeover switch (not shown) may be provided, and the user may select and use the processing temperature setting according to the type and amount of dust to be introduced.
[0024]
As described above, according to this embodiment, the following effects can be obtained.
[0025]
According to this embodiment, in the temperature control of the heating means by the control means, the temperature setting for breeding microorganisms in the garbage storage unit and the temperature setting for reducing or eliminating microorganisms in the garbage storage unit are switched. Since it can be processed while selecting garbage treatment by microbial decomposition treatment and drying treatment by heat drying with one device, it is possible to reduce the number of germs by heating those decomposed with microorganisms, even after heat drying Fermentation can be promoted so that it can be used immediately as an organic fertilizer. By switching the processing mode with a single device, it is possible to produce a treated product that is hygienic and can be effectively used as a fertilizer while reducing the amount of electricity used.
[0026]
In addition, since there is a control means for switching the temperature of the garbage storage unit to a temperature setting for activating microorganisms that decompose garbage and a temperature setting for drying the garbage at a temperature exceeding 100 ° C, it is specifically set. The temperature is switched between a temperature around 30 ° C where microorganisms decomposing the garbage are activated and propagated, and a temperature above 100 ° C where the garbage is dried and antibacterial in a short time. It can be used in a short time and can be dried and bacteria can be reduced and killed in a short time.
[0027]
Furthermore, the convenience can be further improved by configuring the functional components as follows.
[0028]
That is, at least one of the set values of the stirring speed, stirring time, stirring stop time, and stirring direction is used using stirring means that stirs the garbage in the garbage storage unit or inclusions mixed with the garbage and used. Mixing conditions are set according to the temperature at which the garbage is decomposed or dried by switching the setting values in conjunction with the temperature setting switching of the garbage storage unit heating means by the control means, and the stirring conditions for optimizing the processing performance Can be automatically switched, the optimum condition can be easily created according to the processing mode, and the processing performance can be further improved.
[0029]
Further, using a blowing means for generating an air flow in the garbage storage unit, at least one set value among the setting values of the blowing amount, the blowing time, the blowing stop time, and the blowing direction is stored by the control means. By switching in conjunction with the temperature setting switching of the section heating means, it is possible to automatically switch the air blowing conditions to optimize the processing performance according to the temperature at which the garbage is decomposed or dried. Optimal conditions can be easily created according to the mode, and further processing performance can be improved.
[0030]
Moreover, the ventilation means for ventilating the inside of the garbage storage unit is used, and at least one set value among the set values of the blowing amount, the blowing time, the blowing stop time, and the blowing direction is heated by the control unit. By switching in conjunction with the temperature setting switching of the means, it is possible to automatically switch the ventilation conditions to optimize the processing performance according to the temperature at which the garbage is decomposed or dried, so the processing mode In addition, optimum conditions can be easily created, and further processing performance can be improved.
[0031]
In addition, by using a deodorizing device that reduces or eliminates odor generated from the garbage storage unit, the deodorizing ability is switched by the control means in conjunction with the temperature setting switching of the garbage storage unit heating means. It can automatically switch the decomposition performance of odor generated during processing according to the temperature to decompose or dry, and it can be made to exhibit the required decomposition performance according to the processing mode, reducing odor generation, In addition, waste of electricity usage can be eliminated.
[0032]
In addition, by providing switching means such as a changeover switch that can arbitrarily change the temperature setting of the garbage heating means, the user can freely select the processing method according to the purpose, and one device suits the purpose of use. It is possible to arbitrarily use the processing method.
[0033]
In addition, if the signal output of the timer device that measures the operation time is used as a signal input for automatically switching the temperature setting of the garbage heating means, the processing mode can be automatically switched after a certain period of time, For example, it can be used by taking advantage of the advantages of the two processing modes, such as sterilization by heat drying at the time when microbial degradation is almost completed.
[0034]
In addition, if the signal output of the detection means for detecting any of the amount, concentration or odor of gas in the garbage storage unit is used as a signal input for automatically switching the temperature setting of the garbage heating means, The processing mode can be switched automatically by detecting the state of the gas generated according to the state of change, and the optimum processing mode is automatically selected according to the progress state, so there is no trouble. An optimal treatment can be made.
[0035]
In addition, as a signal input for automatically switching the temperature setting of the garbage heating means, either the garbage in the garbage storage unit or the humidity or moisture content of inclusions mixed with garbage is used. By using the signal output of the detecting means, the humidity or moisture content in the garbage storage unit can be detected, and the processing mode can be automatically switched according to the change state of the processed material. Since the optimum processing mode can be automatically selected, an optimum processed product can be produced without bothering hands.
[0036]
Also, detection to detect either the garbage in the garbage storage unit or the weight or capacity of inclusions mixed with garbage as a signal input for automatically switching the temperature setting of the garbage heating means By using the signal output of the means, the weight or capacity of the processed material in the garbage storage unit can be detected, and the processing mode can be automatically switched according to the change state of the processed material. Accordingly, since an optimum processing mode can be automatically selected, an optimum processed product can be produced without bothering hands.
[0037]
(Example 2)
FIG. 3 is a front sectional view of a garbage disposal machine in Embodiment 2 of the present invention. Since the basic configuration of the present embodiment is the same as that of the first embodiment, the same reference numerals and descriptions other than those necessary for the description are omitted, and differences from the first embodiment will be mainly described.
[0038]
The present embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that a guide plate 46 and a partition plate 47 are provided in the present embodiment. Thereby, the garbage storage unit 11 can be divided into a heat drying treatment tank 48 and a microbial decomposition treatment tank 49. Note that the garbage pushed up by the flat plate 22 by the rotation of the stirring blade 19 can be moved back and forth between the heat drying treatment tank 48 and the microbial decomposition treatment tank 49 according to the rotation direction of the stirring blade 19. Yes.
[0039]
In this embodiment, the input garbage is dried by heating to 50 to 80%, preferably 60 to 70% of the completely dried state (moisture content 0%), and then the treated product is transferred to the microbial decomposition tank. Then, it is fermented with microorganisms. Garbage that has been reduced in a short time by heating and drying can be processed in a short time because it is decomposed relatively quickly in a microbial decomposition tank, and can be used as an organic fertilizer because fermentation is progressing. Here, the reason why the degree of drying of the garbage is 50 to 80% is that if it is less than 50%, it takes too much processing time. It is difficult to use as it is as an organic fertilizer.
[0040]
Therefore, it is possible to process the garbage and create the organic fertilizer in a shorter time than in Example 1. Of course, it is possible to return to the heat-drying treatment tank 48 once again and perform a treatment for reducing germs to improve the hygiene.
[0041]
As described above, according to this embodiment, the following effects can be obtained.
[0042]
In other words, since it has a culture layer for cultivating microorganisms for decomposing the garbage and a moving means for supplying the microorganisms from the culture layer to the garbage storage unit for introducing the garbage, Microorganisms can be introduced so as to be switched to the decomposition process, and the two processing modes can be switched efficiently.
[0043]
Furthermore, convenience can be improved by doing as follows.
[0044]
In the garbage storage section, a temperature setting section for breeding microorganisms and a temperature setting section for reducing or eliminating microorganisms are provided, and garbage disposal by microbial decomposition treatment and drying treatment by heat drying are simultaneously processed by one device. It is possible to reduce the number of germs by heating what has been decomposed with microorganisms, or to promote fermentation so that it can be used immediately as organic fertilizer even after heat drying. By processing in combination, it is possible to process in a short time, and to produce a processed product that is hygienic and can be effectively used as a fertilizer while suppressing the amount of electricity used.
[0045]
Also, by using a temperature setting tank for breeding microorganisms and a temperature setting tank for reducing or eliminating microorganisms in the garbage storage unit, the processing tanks for performing the two processing methods can be completely separated. By using the two processing modes in combination with the apparatus and storing them in their respective states, it is possible to take out the processed material of either processing method at any time.
[0046]
In addition, a temperature setting section or a tank for propagating microorganisms and a temperature setting section or a tank for reducing or eliminating microorganisms are provided, and by providing a moving means for moving a processed material between the two sections or the tank. , Since the processed product can be moved through alternate compartments or tanks so that the processed product can be further processed by another processing method after one of the processing methods has passed, the one decomposed with microorganisms can be heated. Various bacteria can be reduced, fermentation can be promoted so that it can be used immediately as an organic fertilizer even after heat drying, and a processed product that can be effectively used as a fertilizer can be created in a short time.
[0047]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a garbage processing machine capable of producing a processed product that is hygienic and can be effectively used as a fertilizer while suppressing the amount of electricity used as compared with the heat drying type.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a front cross-sectional view of a garbage processing machine according to a first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a side sectional view of a main part of the garbage processing machine. Front sectional view [Explanation of symbols]
11 Garbage storage 15 Drying fan (air blowing means)
17 Planar heater (heating means)
19 Stirrer blade (stirring means)
30 Suction fan (ventilation means)
31 Catalyst deodorization equipment (deodorization equipment)
34 Sawdust (intervention)
35 Control circuit (control means)
38 Gas sensor (detection sensor)
39 Humidity sensor (detection sensor)
45 Culture tank

Claims (1)

生ゴミ収納部と、前記生ゴミ収納部内を加熱する加熱手段と、前記加熱手段を制御する制御手段とを備え、前記制御手段は前記加熱手段の設定を前記生ゴミ収納部内の微生物を活性化させる温度と、前記生ゴミ収納部内の微生物を減少、もしくは消滅させる温度とに切り換え可能とし、前記加熱手段の設定温度切り換えを自動的に行うための信号入力として、生ゴミ収納部内のガスの発生量、濃度、臭気を検出する検出手段の信号出力の少なくとも1つを利用する構成とした生ゴミ処理機。  A garbage storage section; heating means for heating the inside of the garbage storage section; and control means for controlling the heating means. The control means activates microorganisms in the garbage storage section by setting the heating means. Generation of gas in the garbage storage unit as a signal input for automatically switching the set temperature of the heating means and the temperature for reducing or eliminating microorganisms in the garbage storage unit A garbage processing machine configured to use at least one of signal outputs of detection means for detecting amount, concentration, and odor.
JP2001158757A 2001-05-28 2001-05-28 Garbage processing machine Expired - Fee Related JP3729088B2 (en)

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KR101149712B1 (en) * 2011-01-31 2012-06-08 사천시 Using method of multi-propose useful micro organism incubator
KR101356722B1 (en) * 2012-02-13 2014-02-03 주식회사 지엘바이오 Using Method of Multi-Propose Useful Micro Organism Incubator
CH708197A1 (en) * 2013-06-10 2014-12-15 Axpo Kompogas Engineering Ag Construction method of a fermenter for a biogas plant.
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