JP3723420B2 - coaxial cable - Google Patents

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Publication number
JP3723420B2
JP3723420B2 JP2000205505A JP2000205505A JP3723420B2 JP 3723420 B2 JP3723420 B2 JP 3723420B2 JP 2000205505 A JP2000205505 A JP 2000205505A JP 2000205505 A JP2000205505 A JP 2000205505A JP 3723420 B2 JP3723420 B2 JP 3723420B2
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Japan
Prior art keywords
outer conductor
coaxial cable
capacitor
capacitors
heat
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
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JP2000205505A
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Japanese (ja)
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JP2002025358A (en
Inventor
邦浩 河合
圭 佐藤
哲也 三村
俊雄 野島
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NTT Docomo Inc
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NTT Docomo Inc
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Priority to JP2000205505A priority Critical patent/JP3723420B2/en
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、熱的に外部と隔離することを必要とする系と外界との間に接続する同軸ケーブルに関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
電気回路上の熱雑音を低減するため、回路を冷却して動作させるという技術が用いられる。また近年では、超伝導現象を利用して、より電気的損失の少ない回路を実現するという研究が盛んに行われているが、超伝導現象の発生温度が約−200°C程度と極めて低いため、回路を冷却しなければならない。
図1に熱的に外界との遮断を必要とする系の一例を示す。
【0003】
このような系においては、回路及びそれを保持する台座に向かって、はるかに高い温度状態にある外界から熱が侵入し、回路及び台座の温度を上昇させようとするため、外界と回路及び台座とは熱的に遮断する必要がある。図1に示すような無線通信における受信機において、熱的に外界と遮断を必要とする系とは、受信帯域フィルタ4及び受信低雑音増幅器5である。外界とは熱遮蔽函3の外部を指す。図1に示す装置においては、外界から入力された信号を選択して増幅して出力するという機能から、外界との電気信号の入出力を行わなければならない。そこで、外界と回路との間で信号を伝達するために同軸コネクタ2及び同軸ケーブル1a,1bを使用する。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかし、これらのコネクタとケーブルを介して外界の熱が、熱的に遮断を必要とする系に伝わり、回路を冷却する冷却装置の容量が大きくなるという問題があった。
本発明は、同軸ケーブル(例えば、セミリジッドケーブル)を介して伝えられる外界の熱を同軸ケーブル上で抑制し、なおかつ、所望の電気信号を劣化させることなく伝達することのできる同軸ケーブルを提供することを目的とする。
【0005】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は、同軸ケーブルにおいて、その外部導体を周方向に一部切断しケーブル外部導体を熱的、電気的に分離した上で、電気的な接続を断絶された外部導体の両端をコンデンサで結合することにより行い、伝熱を抑制し、電気信号は伝達することを特徴とする。さらに、上記コンデンサを同軸ケーブルの周方向に複数個配置することで、電気信号の劣化を抑制することを特徴とする。
ある温度T1の状態から、より低い温度T2の状態へ伝達される熱量Qは次式のように表わされる。
【0006】
【数1】

Figure 0003723420
【0007】
ここで、Rthは熱的な抵抗である。この式より、熱の侵入量Qを抑制するためには、Rthを増大させる必要があることがわかる。さて、一般的に金属は熱の良導体である。その理由は、金属がもつ自由電子が熱を伝導させるためである。従って、自由電子を遮断することで熱伝導を抑制することができる。そこで本発明では、導体間を自由電子をもたないコンデンサで結合させることにより、熱の伝達を抑制するものである。実際において、あるコンデンサ1個の単位長さ当たりにおける熱抵抗の大きさは、銅の約130倍大きいことを確認している。このコンデンサを使用することにより、外界からの熱伝導を抑制することができる。
【0008】
外部導体にコンデンサを複数個つなぐ理由は、1個だけコンデンサをつないだものと比較して、電気信号の劣化が少ないためである。
図2は、切断された外部導体間に1個のコンデンサを接続した場合の外部導体に流れる表面電流の分布を示したものであり、色の黒いところほど多く電流が流れていることを示す。図2において、電流の分布は上部方向に偏っており、電流が集中している部位が、コンデンサが接続されている部位である。電流が一個所に集中することにより、外部電極とコンデンサとの間のインピーダンス不整合が起こり、信号の劣化が発生する。一方図3は、外部導体に4つコンデンサを接続したときの外部導体とコンデンサとの接続面に流れる表面電流の分布を示したもので、図2と比較して、電流が一様に分布している。従って、外部電極とコンデンサとの間のインピーダンス不整合が起こらず、信号の劣化が発生しない。
【0009】
以上に示したとおり、本発明を使用することによって、熱の伝達を遮断し、かつ、電気信号を劣化させることなく伝達することが可能となる。
【0010】
【発明の実施の形態】
図4に請求項1の発明の実施例を示す。
この実施例では同軸ケーブルの外部導体aと外部導体bとの間にコンデンサを、周方向に4つ等間隔に接続したものである。なお、コンデンサの配置形態に関しては、外部導体における電流分布をバランス良くすることができれば、厳密には規定しない。コンデンサには誘電体が存在し、その両端に電極となる金属が存在し、一方の電極と他方の電極は誘電体を介して接合され、直接電極同士が接することは無い。従って、電極から電極への自由電子の移動は不可能であり、伝熱を抑制することができる。上記実施例では4つのコンデンサを等間隔に配置しているがコンデンサは2個以上であればよく、また、その配置を等間隔にしなくてもよい。
【0011】
図5に示すように、図4の同軸ケーブルの片方を冷却装置と接続した場合において、同じ能力の冷却装置でも、コンデンサを用いて断熱を計った同軸ケーブルの方が何も加工しない同軸ケーブルより、冷却部の温度を低くすることが可能となる。
また、コンデンサで接続しているため、信号の劣化を抑制できる。
図6は、同軸ケーブルの外部導体の1部分を周方向に帯状に切断した両端をコンデンサ1個でつないだものと、4個でつないだものにおける信号伝達時の減衰量を比較したものである。減衰量とは、同じ寸法で何も加工を施していない同軸ケーブルの信号伝達時の減衰量との変化分であり、大きいものほど減衰量が大きいことを示す。なお、両者の合成静電容量はほぼ等しくなっている。図6に示すとおり、静電容量の大きさが同じにもかかわらず、コンデンサ4個をつないだものの方が信号の劣化が格段に少なく、加工していない同軸ケーブルと同等の性能であることがわかる。
【0012】
図7に請求項2の発明の実施例を示す。
同軸ケーブルの外部導体aと外部導体bとが、円環状のコンデンサを介して接続された構造を有する。円環状のコンデンサにより、コンデンサの電極と外部導体との接続面における表面電流の分布が円周方向に完全に一様となり、信号を劣化させることなく伝達することが可能である。
なお、同軸ケーブルの外部導体を切断してコンデンサを接続する位置は、図1において同軸コネクタ2と受信帯域フィルタ4間と、同軸コネクタ2と受信低雑音増幅器3間の同軸ケーブルにおいてである。
【0013】
【発明の効果】
以上述べたように、本発明は、同軸ケーブルの外部導体を周方向に帯状に切断し、絶縁された外部導体の両端を複数個のコンデンサ、あるいは環状のコンデンサを介して接続して構成することにより、特殊な構造の同軸ケーブルを用いることなく熱伝達を抑制でき、しかも電気信号を劣化させることなく伝送することができる。さらに、複数個のコンデンサを用いることにより1個のコンデンサを用いた場合に比べて減衰量を格段に小さくすることができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】熱的に外界との遮断を必要とする系の一例を示したブロック図。
【図2】切断された外部導体の両端を1個のコンデンサで接続した場合における外部導体とコンデンサの接続面における表面電流分布を示す図。
【図3】切断された外部導体の両端を4個のコンデンサで接続した場合における外部導体とコンデンサの接続面における表面電流分布を示す図。
【図4】本発明の請求項1の実施例の構成図。
【図5】本発明を用いた場合の熱的効果を説明する図。
【図6】本発明を用いた場合の電気的効果を説明する図。
【図7】本発明の請求項2の実施例の構成図。
【符号の説明】
1a、1b 同軸ケーブル
2 同軸コネクタ
3 熱遮蔽函
4 受信帯域フィルタ
5 受信低雑音増幅器
6 冷却部材
7 冷却手段
8 外部導体a
9 外部導体b
10 内部導体
11 誘電体
12 コンデンサ
13 外部導体a
14 外部導体b
15 内部導体
16 誘電体
17 円環状コンデンサ[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a coaxial cable connected between a system that needs to be thermally isolated from the outside and the outside world.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In order to reduce thermal noise on an electric circuit, a technique of operating the circuit after cooling is used. In recent years, research has been actively conducted to realize a circuit with less electrical loss by utilizing the superconducting phenomenon. However, the temperature at which the superconducting phenomenon occurs is as low as about -200 ° C. The circuit must be cooled.
FIG. 1 shows an example of a system that requires thermal isolation from the outside world.
[0003]
In such a system, since heat enters from the outside at a much higher temperature toward the circuit and the pedestal that holds the circuit and tries to raise the temperature of the circuit and the pedestal, It is necessary to shut off thermally. In the receiver in wireless communication as shown in FIG. 1, the system that needs to be thermally blocked from the outside is a reception band filter 4 and a reception low noise amplifier 5. The outside world refers to the outside of the heat shielding box 3. In the apparatus shown in FIG. 1, it is necessary to input / output electric signals to / from the outside due to the function of selecting, amplifying and outputting a signal input from the outside. Therefore, the coaxial connector 2 and the coaxial cables 1a and 1b are used to transmit signals between the outside world and the circuit.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, there has been a problem that the heat of the outside world is transmitted to the system that needs to be thermally interrupted through these connectors and cables, and the capacity of the cooling device for cooling the circuit is increased.
The present invention provides a coaxial cable that suppresses external heat transmitted through a coaxial cable (for example, a semi-rigid cable) on the coaxial cable and can transmit a desired electric signal without deteriorating. With the goal.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In the present invention, in the coaxial cable, the outer conductor is partially cut in the circumferential direction, the cable outer conductor is thermally and electrically separated, and both ends of the outer conductor disconnected from each other are coupled by a capacitor. It is characterized by suppressing heat transfer and transmitting electrical signals. Furthermore, a plurality of the capacitors are arranged in the circumferential direction of the coaxial cable to suppress deterioration of the electric signal.
The amount of heat Q transferred from a state at a certain temperature T 1 to a state at a lower temperature T 2 is expressed by the following equation.
[0006]
[Expression 1]
Figure 0003723420
[0007]
Here, R th is a thermal resistance. From this equation, it can be seen that R th needs to be increased in order to suppress the heat penetration amount Q. Now, metals are generally good heat conductors. The reason is that the free electrons of the metal conduct heat. Therefore, heat conduction can be suppressed by blocking free electrons. Therefore, in the present invention, heat transfer is suppressed by coupling the conductors with a capacitor having no free electrons. In fact, it has been confirmed that the thermal resistance per unit length of a certain capacitor is about 130 times that of copper. By using this capacitor, heat conduction from the outside can be suppressed.
[0008]
The reason for connecting a plurality of capacitors to the external conductor is that there is less deterioration of the electrical signal compared to a case where only one capacitor is connected.
FIG. 2 shows the distribution of the surface current flowing through the outer conductor when one capacitor is connected between the cut outer conductors, and shows that more current flows as the color is darker. In FIG. 2, the current distribution is biased upward, and the portion where the current is concentrated is the portion where the capacitor is connected. When the current is concentrated in one place, impedance mismatch between the external electrode and the capacitor occurs, and signal degradation occurs. On the other hand, FIG. 3 shows the distribution of the surface current flowing on the connection surface between the outer conductor and the capacitor when four capacitors are connected to the outer conductor. Compared with FIG. 2, the current is uniformly distributed. ing. Therefore, impedance mismatch between the external electrode and the capacitor does not occur, and signal degradation does not occur.
[0009]
As described above, by using the present invention, it is possible to block heat transmission and transmit an electric signal without deteriorating.
[0010]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
FIG. 4 shows an embodiment of the invention of claim 1.
In this embodiment, four capacitors are connected at equal intervals in the circumferential direction between the outer conductor a and the outer conductor b of the coaxial cable. Note that the arrangement of the capacitors is not strictly defined as long as the current distribution in the outer conductor can be balanced. A capacitor has a dielectric, and there is a metal serving as an electrode at both ends thereof. One electrode and the other electrode are joined via the dielectric, and the electrodes do not directly contact each other. Therefore, free electrons cannot move from electrode to electrode, and heat transfer can be suppressed. In the above-described embodiment, four capacitors are arranged at equal intervals. However, the number of capacitors may be two or more, and the arrangement may not be equal.
[0011]
As shown in FIG. 5, when one of the coaxial cables in FIG. 4 is connected to a cooling device, even with a cooling device having the same capacity, a coaxial cable that uses a capacitor to measure heat insulation is more than a coaxial cable that does not process anything. The temperature of the cooling unit can be lowered.
In addition, since the capacitors are connected, signal deterioration can be suppressed.
FIG. 6 is a comparison of the amount of attenuation at the time of signal transmission between the case where one end of the outer conductor of the coaxial cable is cut into a band shape in the circumferential direction and both ends connected by one capacitor and the case where four pieces are connected. . Attenuation is the amount of change from the attenuation at the time of signal transmission of a coaxial cable that has the same dimensions and nothing is processed, and the larger the value, the greater the attenuation. In addition, both synthetic | combination electrostatic capacitances are substantially equal. As shown in FIG. 6, even though the capacitances are the same, the connection of four capacitors has much less signal degradation and the same performance as an unprocessed coaxial cable. Understand.
[0012]
FIG. 7 shows an embodiment of the second aspect of the present invention.
The outer conductor a and the outer conductor b of the coaxial cable have a structure connected via an annular capacitor. With the annular capacitor, the distribution of the surface current at the connection surface between the capacitor electrode and the outer conductor becomes completely uniform in the circumferential direction, and the signal can be transmitted without deteriorating.
The positions where the outer conductor of the coaxial cable is cut to connect the capacitors are in the coaxial cable between the coaxial connector 2 and the reception band filter 4 and between the coaxial connector 2 and the reception low noise amplifier 3 in FIG.
[0013]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, the outer conductor of the coaxial cable is cut into a strip shape in the circumferential direction, and both ends of the insulated outer conductor are connected via a plurality of capacitors or annular capacitors. Thus, heat transfer can be suppressed without using a coaxial cable having a special structure, and an electric signal can be transmitted without deteriorating. Further, by using a plurality of capacitors, the amount of attenuation can be remarkably reduced as compared with the case of using one capacitor.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an example of a system that needs to be thermally disconnected from the outside.
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a surface current distribution on a connection surface between an outer conductor and a capacitor when both ends of the cut outer conductor are connected by a single capacitor;
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a surface current distribution on a connection surface between an outer conductor and a capacitor when both ends of the cut outer conductor are connected by four capacitors.
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of an embodiment of claim 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining a thermal effect when the present invention is used.
FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining an electrical effect when the present invention is used.
FIG. 7 is a block diagram of an embodiment of claim 2 of the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
1a, 1b Coaxial cable 2 Coaxial connector 3 Heat shielding box 4 Reception band filter 5 Reception low noise amplifier 6 Cooling member 7 Cooling means 8 External conductor a
9 Outer conductor b
10 Inner conductor
11 Dielectric
12 capacitors
13 Outer conductor a
14 Outer conductor b
15 Inner conductor
16 Dielectric
17 Toroidal capacitor

Claims (2)

外部導体の1つ以上の部分が周方向に帯状に切断され、絶縁された外部導体の両端が複数個のコンデンサを介して接続されていることを特徴とする同軸ケーブル。A coaxial cable, wherein one or more portions of the outer conductor are cut into a strip shape in the circumferential direction, and both ends of the insulated outer conductor are connected via a plurality of capacitors. 請求項1に記載の同軸ケーブルにおいて、上記絶縁された外部導体の両端が、内部導体を中心として等角度間隔で4個以上のコンデンサを介して接続されていることを特徴とする同軸ケーブル。 2. The coaxial cable according to claim 1, wherein both ends of the insulated outer conductor are connected via four or more capacitors at equal angular intervals with the inner conductor as a center .
JP2000205505A 2000-07-06 2000-07-06 coaxial cable Expired - Fee Related JP3723420B2 (en)

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KR101248819B1 (en) 2011-06-20 2013-04-01 한국표준과학연구원 Coaxial transmission line for preventing thermal­transmission
CN111819297A (en) * 2018-03-16 2020-10-23 株式会社 Ihi Object processing method and device

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