JP3722347B2 - Liquid membrane plate heat exchanger - Google Patents

Liquid membrane plate heat exchanger Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3722347B2
JP3722347B2 JP24961599A JP24961599A JP3722347B2 JP 3722347 B2 JP3722347 B2 JP 3722347B2 JP 24961599 A JP24961599 A JP 24961599A JP 24961599 A JP24961599 A JP 24961599A JP 3722347 B2 JP3722347 B2 JP 3722347B2
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Prior art keywords
plate
liquid
heat exchanger
plate heat
liquid film
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JP2001074391A (en
Inventor
利男 松原
晃好 鈴木
智芳 入江
知行 内村
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荏原冷熱システム株式会社
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A30/00Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
    • Y02A30/27Relating to heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC] technologies
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02BCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
    • Y02B30/62Absorption based systems

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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、プレートの面を伝熱面として伝熱面に沿って流体を流す液膜式プレート熱交換器に係り、特に吸収冷凍機の蒸発器、凝縮器、低温再生器、吸収器のように少なくとも一方の流体が低圧蒸気である場合、流体の一部もしくは全部が相変化して気化もしくは液化する、あるいは蒸気を発生もしくは吸収する場合に好適なプレート式熱交換器に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
吸収冷凍機の容積、設置面積を縮小しようとすれば、シェルアンドチューブ型の熱交換器は伝熱面積に比して容積がまだまだ大きく、例えばプレート式熱交換器などの採用が検討される。特に、吸収冷凍機の蒸発器、吸収器、凝縮器、低温再生器としては、液膜式のプレート熱交換器が好適であると考えられている。
特に、例えば吸収冷凍機の吸収器、蒸発器として使用される液膜式プレート熱交換器では、吸収器となるプレート熱交換器要素と蒸発器となるプレート熱交換器要素のそれぞれの伝熱面を向かい合わせて配置することにより、蒸気流速を大きく抑え、小型化すると同時に高性能化できることが知られている。
【0003】
このような形の熱交換器の技術的課題としては、液膜側の流体の供給と、回収が大きな課題となっている。すなわち、例えば蒸発器となるプレート面には、伝熱面に均一に冷媒を行き渡らせるために、伝熱面で蒸発する量の数倍の冷媒を供給する必要があるが、この場合、蒸発しなかった冷媒と吸収溶液が混合してしまうと、冷凍能力に与からない冷媒(無効冷媒)となってしまうため、冷凍機の効率が悪化する。
したがって、隣接している吸収器プレートと蒸発器プレートとの間で、溶液と冷媒とを混合させないように回収する手段が必要となる。
この場合、下部で両液の分離の必要が無いように、蒸発量以上の冷媒を供給しないことも考えられる。このようにすると、下部では冷媒は全て蒸発・吸収されるために回収するのは吸収溶液のみであり、上述したような問題は基本的に起こらない。
【0004】
しかし、この場合、冷媒を伝熱面の全面に均一に分布させるのは困難であり、流下する冷媒の下流では冷媒のかからない無効な伝熱面が出来てしまう。また、供給する冷媒の量の制御を誤ると、無効冷媒となって冷凍機の能力を大きく低下させる。
例えば、本発明者らが先に提案した図4に示すような、各プレート2の対応する位置に回収器10を設ける方法が一つの解決法である。しかし、このような方法では回収器のコストが過大となるという間題がある。また、プレート部と液回収器を別に製作するため、製作公差が大きいと回収器とプレートとにずれが生じ、ずれを調整する必要が生じたり、液を確実に回収できなくなる場合がある。特に、熱交換器を真空ロウ付けで製作しようとする場合、熱交換器の要素間の間隔は製造工程上一定に保てない場合が有る。
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、上記先行技術に鑑み、特に、例えば吸収式冷凍機の蒸発器・吸収器として働く2種類の液膜式プレート熱交換器要素を交互に配置した形式の、液膜式熱交換器であって、各要素に流れる液膜型の流体を、それぞれ回収することのできる安価で調整の不要な液膜式プレート熱交換器を提供することを課題とする。
【0006】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記課題を解決するために、本発明では、内側を流れる流体と外面に沿って流れる流体との間で熱交換する第1プレートと、該第1のプレートとは異なった温度の内側及び外面を流れる流体間で熱交換する第2プレートとを、各プレート面が向かい合うようにして、所定の隙間を隔てて、複数交互に配備したそれぞれ異なった温度を有する2組の流体を同時に熱交換する液膜式プレート熱交換器において、前記第1又は第2プレートの少なくとも一方の下部を覆うように、曲げ板で構成された液回収器を設けることとしたものである。
前記液膜式プレート熱交換器において、液回収器は、曲げ板を接合して構成することができ、また、前記液回収器は、下部に傾斜を設け、回収した液が左右どちらか一方に流れるように構成することができ、さらに前記液回収器は、第1及び第2プレートの下部にそれぞれ設け、回収した流体を左右に振り分けるように構成することができる。
【0007】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明においては、液回収器としてプレート下部を覆うような曲げ板を用い、液を回収し、回収した液を所定の方向に流すような構造とした。この時、液回収器は流体の種類により左右に振り分けるような構造にしてもよい。また、一方の流体だけ回収するようにしてもよい。
また、曲げ板は分割して製作し、プレートと同時に接合してもよい。
【0008】
本発明のプレートは、外表面を流体が流れ、内部流体との間でプレートの伝熱面を介して熱交換を行うため、外表面を流れる流体は、該伝熱面に広がり、乾いた面がないように濡れ性を良くする必要がある。そのため、プレートの表面上部に液分配器を設けることができ、該液分配器は、プレート表面と平行して樋状に設けられ、プレート表面に向けて液を流下するオリフィス穴が側面に設けられており、また、該液分配器は、樋の一側面として、プレート面を利用してもよい。これにより、プレート表面に流体を供給する際の液の飛散を防止して、プレート表面上に流体を満遍なく平均に流すことができる。
また、本発明の伝熱面を構成するプレートはステンレス鋼製とし、その外表面に、電解的に溶解した多孔質層、クロムの溶融塩浴で処理した酸化クロムの拡散層又は小さな多数の凹みを設けるか、あるいは、梨地状にするのがよい。
【0009】
次に本発明を図面を用いて具体的に説明する。
図1は、本発明の液膜式プレート熱交換器の一例を示す断面構成図であり、(a)は正面図、(b)は側面図を示す。
図1では、4つずつのプレート2、2’を交互に結合して構成されており、吸収式冷凍機の蒸発・吸収器として使用したもので、各プレート2、2’に液回収器7、8を設け、それぞれ流体の種類によって左右に振り分けて回収する形式のものである。
図1においては、液膜式プレート熱交換器1の各熱交換器要素は、それぞれ蒸発器の役割を担うプレート2(蒸発器プレート)と吸収器の役割を担うプレート2’(吸収器プレート)とが、交互に配置されており、蒸発器プレート2には冷媒5が、吸収器プレート2’には吸収溶液6がそれぞれ上部の液分配器により供給されている。
【0010】
供給された液5、6は、それぞれプレート2、2’の表面を伝って流下し、下部の液回収器7、8で受けられる。液回収器7、8に入った液5、6は、それぞれ下部に設けられた傾斜によって、液の種類別に左右に振り分けられる。
また、プレート内部には、蒸発器プレート2ではプレート上部を連通する連通管3によって冷水が供給されており、プレート下部の連通管3’から冷却された冷水が抜き出される。
一方、吸収プレート2’では、プレート下部の連通管4’から冷却水が供給されて、プレート上部の連通管4から排出されている。
このような構造とすると、製造工程上、プレートの厚み、間隔が厳密にコントロールできなくても、液回収器7、8はプレートの下部を覆うような構造となっているため、位置調整の必要が無い。また、確実に液を回収し、所望の経路で回収することができる。
【0011】
図2は、本発明の液膜式プレート熱交換器の他の例を示す断面構成図であり、(a)は正面図、(b)は側面図を示す。
図2では、液回収器が一方の液体、ここでは吸収器プレートの吸収溶液6のみを回収する液回収器8が設けられている。
この場合、液回収器8で回収されなかった液、ここでは冷媒5は、熱交換器1の下部に溜まることとなる。液回収器8で回収された液6は、液回収器8の両端(もしくは片端)から排出され、所定の場所に滴下される。又は、液回収器8から直接配管を通じて回収することもでき、この場合配管の所定の位置に穴を開けておき、滴下するなどの方法を用いて回収してもよい。
図3は、本発明の液膜式プレート熱交換器を製作する際の説明図で、矢印のように接合して製作する。
このように、プレート2、2’と液分配器9と曲げ板7’をそれぞれ分割して作製し、プレートと同時に接合して、液回収器7、8を有する本発明のプレート熱交換器を製作することができる。
【0012】
【発明の効果】
本発明では、プレートの下部を覆うように液回収器を設けることで、簡単な部品で、液が混合しないように回収することができると同時に、プレートの製造上の公差が大きくても調整等の必要無しに液回収を行うことができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の液膜式プレート熱交換器の一例を示す断面構成図で、(a)正面図、(b)側面図。
【図2】本発明の液膜式プレート熱交換器の他の例を示す断面構成図で、(a)正面図、(b)側面図。
【図3】本発明の液膜式プレート熱交換器を製作するための説明図。
【図4】先行技術のプレート熱交換器の断面構成図。
【符号の説明】
1:液膜式プレート熱交換器、2、2’:プレート、3、4:上部連通管、3’、4’:下部連通管、5:冷媒、6:吸収溶液、7、8:液回収器、7’:曲げ板、9:液分配器
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a liquid film plate heat exchanger in which a plate surface serves as a heat transfer surface and allows fluid to flow along the heat transfer surface, and particularly to an evaporator, condenser, low temperature regenerator, and absorber of an absorption refrigerator. When at least one of the fluids is low-pressure steam, the present invention relates to a plate heat exchanger suitable for a case where part or all of the fluid undergoes phase change to vaporize or liquefy, or generate or absorb steam.
[0002]
[Prior art]
If it is going to reduce the capacity | capacitance and installation area of an absorption refrigerator, the volume of a shell and tube type heat exchanger is still large compared with a heat-transfer area, For example, adoption of a plate type heat exchanger etc. is examined. In particular, as an evaporator, an absorber, a condenser, and a low-temperature regenerator of an absorption refrigerator, it is considered that a liquid film type plate heat exchanger is suitable.
In particular, for example, in a liquid film plate heat exchanger used as an absorber or an evaporator of an absorption refrigerator, the heat transfer surfaces of the plate heat exchanger element serving as the absorber and the plate heat exchanger element serving as the evaporator It is known that the steam flow rate can be greatly reduced by reducing the size of the steam and the performance can be improved at the same time.
[0003]
As a technical problem of such a heat exchanger, supply and recovery of the fluid on the liquid film side are major problems. That is, for example, in order to spread the refrigerant uniformly on the heat transfer surface, it is necessary to supply the refrigerant several times as much as the amount evaporated on the heat transfer surface. If the refrigerant that has not been mixed with the absorbing solution becomes a refrigerant (ineffective refrigerant) that does not affect the refrigerating capacity, the efficiency of the refrigerator deteriorates.
Therefore, a means for collecting the solution and the refrigerant so as not to be mixed between the adjacent absorber plate and the evaporator plate is required.
In this case, it may be possible not to supply more refrigerant than the amount of evaporation so that there is no need to separate the two liquids at the bottom. In this way, since all the refrigerant is evaporated and absorbed in the lower part, only the absorbing solution is recovered, and the above-mentioned problem basically does not occur.
[0004]
However, in this case, it is difficult to uniformly distribute the refrigerant over the entire surface of the heat transfer surface, and an invalid heat transfer surface that is not covered by the refrigerant is formed downstream of the flowing down refrigerant. Further, if the amount of refrigerant to be supplied is mistakenly controlled, it becomes an invalid refrigerant and greatly reduces the capacity of the refrigerator.
For example, as shown in FIG. 4 previously proposed by the present inventors, a method of providing the collector 10 at a corresponding position of each plate 2 is one solution. However, such a method has the problem that the cost of the collector becomes excessive. In addition, since the plate portion and the liquid recovery device are manufactured separately, if the manufacturing tolerance is large, the recovery device and the plate may be displaced, and it may be necessary to adjust the displacement, or the liquid may not be reliably recovered. In particular, when the heat exchanger is to be manufactured by vacuum brazing, the interval between the elements of the heat exchanger may not be kept constant in the manufacturing process.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In view of the above prior art, the present invention is particularly a liquid film heat exchanger of a type in which, for example, two liquid film plate heat exchanger elements that function as an evaporator / absorber of an absorption refrigerator are alternately arranged. An object of the present invention is to provide an inexpensive liquid film type plate heat exchanger that can recover the liquid film type fluid flowing in each element and that does not require adjustment.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above-described problem, in the present invention, a first plate that exchanges heat between a fluid flowing inside and a fluid flowing along the outer surface, and the inner and outer surfaces having different temperatures from the first plate are provided. A liquid that exchanges heat between two sets of fluids that are arranged in a plurality of alternating manners with a predetermined gap between the second plates that exchange heat between flowing fluids, with each plate surface facing each other. In the membrane-type plate heat exchanger, a liquid collector constituted by a bent plate is provided so as to cover at least one lower part of the first or second plate.
In the liquid film type plate heat exchanger, the liquid recovery unit can be configured by joining bent plates, and the liquid recovery unit is provided with an inclination in the lower part so that the recovered liquid is on either the left or right side. Further, the liquid recovery device can be provided at the lower part of the first and second plates, respectively, and can be configured to distribute the recovered fluid to the left and right.
[0007]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
In the present invention, a bent plate that covers the lower part of the plate is used as the liquid recovery device, and the liquid is recovered, and the recovered liquid flows in a predetermined direction. At this time, the liquid recovery device may be structured to be distributed to the left and right according to the type of fluid. Moreover, you may make it collect | recover only one fluid.
Further, the bent plate may be manufactured by being divided and joined together with the plate.
[0008]
In the plate of the present invention, the fluid flows on the outer surface and exchanges heat with the inner fluid via the heat transfer surface of the plate. Therefore, the fluid flowing on the outer surface spreads to the heat transfer surface and is a dry surface. It is necessary to improve wettability so that there is no. Therefore, a liquid distributor can be provided on the upper surface of the plate. The liquid distributor is provided in a bowl shape in parallel with the plate surface, and an orifice hole is provided on the side surface for flowing the liquid toward the plate surface. In addition, the liquid distributor may use a plate surface as one side surface of the bottle. Thereby, scattering of the liquid at the time of supplying the fluid to the plate surface can be prevented, and the fluid can flow evenly on the plate surface evenly.
Further, the plate constituting the heat transfer surface of the present invention is made of stainless steel, and the outer surface thereof has a porous layer dissolved electrolytically, a diffusion layer of chromium oxide treated with a molten salt bath of chromium, or a large number of small dents. It is better to have a satin finish.
[0009]
Next, the present invention will be specifically described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional configuration diagram illustrating an example of a liquid film plate heat exchanger according to the present invention, where (a) is a front view and (b) is a side view.
In FIG. 1, four plates 2 and 2 ′ are alternately connected to each other and used as an evaporator / absorber of an absorption refrigeration machine. , 8 are provided, which are divided into left and right according to the type of fluid and collected.
In FIG. 1, each heat exchanger element of the liquid film type plate heat exchanger 1 includes a plate 2 (evaporator plate) serving as an evaporator and a plate 2 ′ (absorber plate) serving as an absorber. Are alternately arranged, and refrigerant 5 is supplied to the evaporator plate 2 and absorption solution 6 is supplied to the absorber plate 2 ′ by the upper liquid distributor.
[0010]
The supplied liquids 5 and 6 flow down on the surfaces of the plates 2 and 2 ′, respectively, and are received by the lower liquid recovery units 7 and 8. The liquids 5 and 6 that have entered the liquid collectors 7 and 8 are distributed to the left and right according to the type of liquid, respectively, according to the inclination provided in the lower part.
Further, cold water is supplied into the plate through a communication pipe 3 communicating with the upper part of the evaporator plate 2, and the cooled cold water is extracted from a communication pipe 3 ′ at the lower part of the plate.
On the other hand, in the absorption plate 2 ′, cooling water is supplied from the communication pipe 4 ′ at the lower part of the plate and discharged from the communication pipe 4 at the upper part of the plate.
In such a structure, the liquid collectors 7 and 8 cover the lower part of the plate even if the thickness and interval of the plate cannot be strictly controlled in the manufacturing process, so the position needs to be adjusted. There is no. Further, the liquid can be reliably recovered and recovered by a desired route.
[0011]
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional configuration diagram showing another example of the liquid film plate heat exchanger of the present invention, where (a) shows a front view and (b) shows a side view.
In FIG. 2, a liquid recovery device 8 is provided in which the liquid recovery device recovers only one liquid, here the absorption solution 6 in the absorber plate.
In this case, the liquid that has not been recovered by the liquid recovery unit 8, here, the refrigerant 5, accumulates in the lower part of the heat exchanger 1. The liquid 6 recovered by the liquid recovery unit 8 is discharged from both ends (or one end) of the liquid recovery unit 8 and dropped onto a predetermined place. Or it can also collect | recover through piping directly from the liquid collection | recovery device 8, and you may collect | recover using methods, such as opening a hole in the predetermined position of piping and dropping.
FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram when the liquid film plate heat exchanger of the present invention is manufactured, and is manufactured by joining as indicated by an arrow.
In this way, the plates 2, 2 ′, the liquid distributor 9 and the bending plate 7 ′ are separately manufactured, and joined together with the plates, so that the plate heat exchanger of the present invention having the liquid recovery units 7, 8 is obtained. Can be produced.
[0012]
【The invention's effect】
In the present invention, by providing a liquid recovery device so as to cover the lower part of the plate, it is possible to recover the liquid so that the liquid does not mix with simple parts, and at the same time, even if the manufacturing tolerance of the plate is large, etc. Liquid recovery can be performed without the need for
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a liquid film plate heat exchanger according to the present invention, (a) a front view and (b) a side view.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional configuration diagram showing another example of the liquid film plate heat exchanger of the present invention, (a) a front view and (b) a side view.
FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram for manufacturing the liquid film plate heat exchanger of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional configuration diagram of a prior art plate heat exchanger.
[Explanation of symbols]
1: liquid film plate heat exchanger, 2, 2 ′: plate, 3, 4: upper communication pipe, 3 ′, 4 ′: lower communication pipe, 5: refrigerant, 6: absorbing solution, 7, 8: liquid recovery 7 ': Bending plate, 9: Liquid distributor

Claims (4)

内側を流れる流体と外面に沿って流れる流体との間で熱交換する第1プレートと、該第1のプレートとは異なった温度の内側及び外面を流れる流体間で熱交換する第2プレートとを、各プレート面が向かい合うようにして所定の隙間を隔てて、複数交互に配備したそれぞれ異なった温度を有する2組の流体を同時に熱交換する液膜式プレート熱交換器において、前記第1又は第2プレートの少なくとも一方の下部を覆うように、曲げ板で構成された液回収器を設けたことを特徴とする液膜式プレート熱交換器。A first plate that exchanges heat between the fluid flowing inside and the fluid flowing along the outer surface, and a second plate that exchanges heat between the fluid flowing on the inner and outer surfaces at different temperatures from the first plate. In the liquid film plate heat exchanger for simultaneously exchanging two sets of fluids having different temperatures arranged alternately with a predetermined gap so that the plate surfaces face each other, the first or second 2. A liquid film plate heat exchanger comprising a liquid collector made of a bent plate so as to cover at least one lower part of two plates. 前記液回収器は、曲げ板を接合して構成したことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の液膜式プレート熱交換器。The liquid film plate heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein the liquid recovery unit is configured by joining bent plates. 前記液回収器は、下部に傾斜を設け、回収した流体が左右どちらか一方に流れるように構成したことを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の液膜式プレート熱交換器。3. The liquid film plate heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein the liquid recovery unit is configured such that an inclined portion is provided in a lower portion and the recovered fluid flows to either the left or right side. 4. 前記液回収器は、第1及び第2プレートの下部にそれぞれ設け、回収した流体を左右に振り分けるように構成したことを特徴とする請求項1、2又は3に記載の液膜式プレート熱交換器。4. The liquid film plate heat exchange according to claim 1, wherein the liquid recovery unit is provided at a lower part of each of the first and second plates and distributes the recovered fluid to the left and right. vessel.
JP24961599A 1999-09-03 1999-09-03 Liquid membrane plate heat exchanger Expired - Fee Related JP3722347B2 (en)

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JP3722347B2 true JP3722347B2 (en) 2005-11-30

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