JP3720583B2 - Root crop harvesting machine - Google Patents

Root crop harvesting machine Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3720583B2
JP3720583B2 JP17324598A JP17324598A JP3720583B2 JP 3720583 B2 JP3720583 B2 JP 3720583B2 JP 17324598 A JP17324598 A JP 17324598A JP 17324598 A JP17324598 A JP 17324598A JP 3720583 B2 JP3720583 B2 JP 3720583B2
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root
pair
foliage
leaves
divider
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JP2000004625A (en
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陽三郎 楢原
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Yanma Agricultural Equipment Co Ltd
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Yanma Agricultural Equipment Co Ltd
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、人参等の根菜の収穫機の改良した構造に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来公知の根菜の収穫機の構造として、特開平7−327437号公報では、走行機体に装着された左右一対の走行クローラにて走行する走行機体の一側寄りの下部前方から走行機体の上部後方にわたって左右一対の挟持無端帯を配置し、該挟持無端帯の始端側下方には、圃場に植生された人参等の根菜の下方を振動にて掘り起こす掘り起し刃を備えたサブソイラを設ける一方、前記左右一対の挟持無端帯の搬送後端部には、挟持搬送される人参の茎葉部と根部との間を切断する左右一対のロータリカッターを配置し、走行機体の後端には、前記切断されて落下する人参の根部を受け止めるコンテナ載置台を設ける一方、圃場に植生する2列の根菜を同時に掘り起こして引き抜き搬送するために、前記左右一対の挟持無端帯における先端部の前面側には,左右一対の茎葉掻き起こし装置を、その各掻込みタインが相対向して、茎葉部を掻込むように移動すべく配置し、さらに前記各茎葉掻き起こし装置の前面側には、デバイダを、その分草タインが略垂直面に沿って移動するように配置したものが開示されている。
【0003】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
ところで、人参等の根菜類の茎葉部は、その先端側が圃場面に対して略垂直状に立った部分の他、先端が圃場面とほぼ平行状に倒伏した部分とを有することが多い。そして、この倒伏した部分は、前述の茎葉掻き起こし装置やデバイダによって一旦引き起こしても、再度倒伏し易いから、前記左右一対の挟持無端帯における先端部の箇所で前記倒伏した茎葉部を挟持できないことになる。
【0004】
その場合、前記左右一対の挟持無端帯による挟持し茎葉部の部分とその下方の根部とをカッタで切り離すように切断しても、前記倒伏した茎葉部部分は根部に付いたままになるから、この残った茎葉部の部分を後に人手によって再度切断する手間が掛かり、出荷のコストが高くつくという問題があった。
本発明は、この問題を解決すべくなされたものであって、簡単な部品を付加することにより、倒伏した茎葉部も一緒に左右一対の挟持無端帯に確実に挟持できるようにして、後の茎葉部の切離し作業を確実ならしめるようにした根菜収穫機を提供することを目的とするものである。
【0005】
【課題を解決するための手段】
前記目的を達成するため、請求項1に記載の発明の根菜収穫機は、走行機体に、圃場に植生している根菜の根部より下方を振動させて掘り起すためのサブソイラと、始端部を進行方向前側にて圃場面に接近配置させ、後端側を進行方向後側にて上方になるように後傾斜配置させて圃場の根菜類の茎葉部を挟持して引き抜き搬送する左右一対の挟持無端帯と、該左右一対の挟持無端帯による根菜類の茎葉部の挟持搬送過程で前記茎葉部から根部を切り離すための切断手段とを備えてなる根菜収穫機であって、前記左右一対の挟持無端帯の一方の前方には、未堀起し側の根菜類の茎葉部と引き抜くべき根菜類の茎葉部とを振り分けるためのデバイダを設け、該デバイダのケース側面には、前記引き抜くべき根菜類の茎葉部を前記左右一対の挟持無端帯の始端部の間に導くための弾性を有する扁平状のガイド体を突設したものである。
【0006】
また、請求項2に記載の発明は、請求項1に記載の根菜収穫機において、根菜類の茎葉部を引き起こすための茎葉掻き起こし装置を、前記左右一対の挟持無端帯の始端部より前方であって、前記デバイダと横方向に対峙するように配置し、茎葉掻き起こし装置におけるケースの後面には、前記引き抜くべき根菜類の茎葉部を前記左右一対の挟持無端帯の始端部に導くための弾性を有する扁平状の補助ガイド体を突設したものである。
【0007】
【発明の実施の形態】
次に、本発明を具体化した実施形態について説明する。図1は根菜収穫機の側面図、図2は根菜収穫機全体の概略平面図、図3は正面図、図4は動力伝達系統の平面図、図5はデバイダ及び茎葉掻き起こし装置の要部正面図、図6は同じく要部側面図、図7はガイド体を備えたデバイダ及び補助ガイド体を備えた茎葉掻き起こし装置による作用を示す平面図である。
【0008】
図2に示す平面視において、走行機体1の下方に左右一対の走行クローラ2a,2bを配置し、走行機体1上には、人参等の根菜Kの既掘り起こし側(図2において上側、進行方向右側)の走行クローラ2bの外縁より内側(未掘り起こし側)に、前端から操縦コラム4、運転座席5、エンジン6を配置し、走行機体1の後端側には、トランスミッション7を配置し、該トランスミッション7から前記左右一対の走行クローラ2a,2bの後端に配置された駆動輪8(図1参照)に動力伝達される。また、根菜Kの未掘り起こし側(図2において下側、進行方向左側の走行クローラ2aの外縁より外側(未掘り起こし側)に、左右一対の挟持無端帯3,3からなる挟持搬送手段の少なくとも始端部側が位置するように配置される。
【0009】
走行機体1の後部寄り部位の作業部回動支点9にてブラケット10aを介して上下回動可能に支持された支持フレーム10に装着された始端ホイール11,11及び後端ホイール12,12には、前記左右一対の挟持無端帯3,3が巻掛けられ、各挟持無端帯3の前後中途部は多数の中間ホイール13‥‥にて略一直線状に支持されている。
【0010】
第1の実施形態においては、図2及び図4に示すように、左右一対の挟持無端帯3,3による根菜Kの茎葉部の挟持搬送ラインHが、前記根菜Kの未掘り起こし側の走行クローラ2aの外縁より外側にて平面視にて走行機体1の進行方向とほぼ平行状となるように配置される。なお、前記始端ホイール11,11と一体的に回転する大径の掻込みホイール(図示せず)を設けることにより、挟持搬送の開始部(始端部)を構成する。
【0011】
また、前記左右一対の挟持無端帯3,3のうち、根菜Kの未掘り起こし側の前方の下部には、引き抜くべき根菜Kの茎葉部を、それより未掘り起こし側の根菜Kの茎葉部と絡まらないように分離するためのデバイダ14を備える。このデバイダ14は、回転駆動する無端ベルトに、基端が所定間隔にて多数装着された分草タイン15が走行機体1の進行方向の前面側において、略垂直面内にて圃場面19から上向きに移動するように構成されている。
【0012】
さらに、前記左右一対の挟持無端帯3,3のうち、根菜Kの既掘り起こし側の前方の下部には、引き抜くべき根菜Kの茎葉部を前記挟持搬送ラインH方向に掻き込むための茎葉掻き込み装置16が配置されている。この茎葉掻き込み装置16では、回転駆動する無端ベルト16aに、基端が所定間隔にて多数装着された掻込みタイン17が始端ホイール11の前面側にて前記デバイダ14における分草タイン15と互いに略直交するように配置され、且つ掻込みタイン17が圃場面19から上向きに移動するとき、当該掻込みタイン17の先端は、デバイダ14におけるケースのうち、分草タイン15の非作用側となる側面カバー部14aと対峙するように配置されている。
【0013】
このように、デバイダ14における略垂直面内にて上向き移動する分草タイン15と、このデバイダ14における側面カバー部14aに直交するような掻込みタイン17を有する茎葉掻き込み装置16とにより、掘り起こすべき根菜Kにおける垂れ下がった(倒伏した)茎葉部の左右両側をも上向きに掻上げることができる。
【0014】
そして、図5で示す走行機体の正面視において、掻込み作用側における掻込みタイン17の基部に近い側に前記挟持搬送ラインHを配置することで、茎葉掻き込み装置16における下端(圃場面に近い部位)にて掻込みタイン17が移動する軌跡(掻込み作用領域)からはみ出す不作用領域(掻込みタイン17の先端が移動する領域より半径外側であって、側面カバー部14aとで囲まれる領域)が存在するが、図5〜図7に示すように、前記デバイダ14のケースのうち側面カバー部14aの下部側にて基端をビス57等にて固定したガイド体56を、その自由端が正面視で前記不作用領域に一部が重なるようにして前記左右一対の挟持無端帯3,3の始端部の前部に接近するように延長させて配置する。このガイド体56は、ゴム板等の弾性(ある程度の撓み変形可能な性質)を有する材料にて扁平状に形成されている。
【0015】
従って、前記デバイダ14における分草タイン15による茎葉部の掻上げ作用と、前記茎葉掻き込み装置16における掻込みタイン17による茎葉部の掻上げ作用とによって、前記圃場面19に垂れ下がっている(倒伏している)茎葉部を立ち上がらせ、この立ち上がった茎葉部は、前記不作用領域に配置されたガイド体56の表面に凭れかかるから、当該不作用領域におけるガイド体56の表面に位置した茎葉部が、走行機体1の前進につれて、始端ホイール11,11に巻掛けられる左右一対の挟持無端帯3,3からなる挟持搬送手段の挟持搬送の開始部(始端部)に確実に誘導される結果、前記茎葉部を確実に挟持させることができるのである。
【0016】
なお、前記茎葉掻き込み装置16におけるケース16bの裏面側(始端ホイール11と対峙する側)に、基端をビス止め等して固定した補助ガイド体61を、その自由端側が、前記茎葉掻き込み装置16に近い側の始端ホイール11の前方に接近するように延長させて配置する(図7参照)。この補助ガイド体61も、前記ガイド体56と同様にゴム板等の弾性(ある程度の撓み変形可能な性質)を有する材料にて扁平状に形成されている。
【0017】
従って、茎葉掻き込み装置16における掻込みタイン17により、一旦掻上げた茎葉部を再度圃場面19に垂れ下がらせることなく、この補助ガイド体61の表面で受け止めて、左右一対の挟持無端帯3,3の挟持搬送の開始部(始端部)に確実に誘導することができるのである。
これらガイド体56と補助ガイド体61の各下端縁は圃場面19に接近させて擦れる程度に摺接させても良い。上述のように、ガイド体56と補助ガイド体61との両案内手段を設けることで、この両ガイド体56、61の自由端縁が互いに接近するように配置できるから、前記分草5タイン15及び掻込みタイン17にて一旦立て起こした茎葉部が再度倒伏する余裕なく、前記左右一対の挟持無端帯3,3の挟持搬送の開始部(始端部)への誘導作用がより一層向上するのである。
【0018】
以上のようにガイド体56及び/または補助ガイド体61の作用にて、前記一対の挟持無端帯3,3による搬送時には全ての茎葉部を挟持できて根菜類の根部に垂れ下がる茎葉部がないから、後の切断手段によりで茎葉部を根部から切り離すとき、全ての茎葉部を切り離すことができて、さらに後の再度の切断作業が不用になり、出荷コストを低減できるという効果を奏する。
【0019】
また、図5に示すように、茎葉掻き込み装置16における無端ベルト16a及び掻込みタイン17の基部を覆うためのケース16bのうち、掻込みタイン17の作用側(前記デバイダ14の側面カバー部14aと対面する側)の端縁16cと前記側面カバー部14aとの間の隙間寸法Wの半分の位置が、前記左右一対の挟持無端帯3,3による挟持搬送手段の少なくとも先端側(始端ホイール11,11の間)である挟持搬送の開始部の位置(もしくは前記挟持搬送ラインH)よりも未掘り起こし側に寸法dだけ偏位するように配置されている。換言すると、図5で示す走行機体の正面視において、掻込み作用側における掻込みタイン17の基部に近い側に前記挟持搬送ラインHを配置することで、茎葉掻き込み装置16における下端(圃場面に近い部位)にて掻込みタイン17が移動する軌跡(掻込み作用領域)からはみ出す不作用領域(掻込みタイン17の先端が移動する領域より半径外側であって、側面カバー部14aとで囲まれる領域)を少なくすることができるから、人参等の根菜の茎葉部が圃場面19に垂れ下がっているものを、掻込みタイン17にて引き起こし易くなり、前記左右一対の挟持無端帯3,3による挟持搬送を確実に実行できる。さらに、前記掻込みタイン17の長さを大きくすれば、前記デバイダ14の側面カバー部14aとの隙間寸法が大きくなり、圃場に植生された根菜Kの位置が確認し易くなるのである。
【0020】
図1、図9に示すように、サブソイラを昇降操作するための昇降リンク機構としての上リンク22と下リンク23の各基端側の回動支点20,21は、前記作業部回動支点9よりも前方である走行機体の内側面に配置され、該上下回動支点20,21を中心にして上下回動可能な平行リンクとしての上リンク22,下リンク23の先端側に縦支持杆24が連結され、この縦支持杆24の下端には、掘り起こし刃25が固定されている。
【0021】
そして、図1及び図2に示すように、前記上部の回動支点20の入力軸20aに固定したプーリ28と、前記エンジン6の出力プーリ27とに無端帯29を巻掛けして入力軸20aを回転させ、この入力軸20aに被嵌した偏心ボス(図示せず)を介して前記上リンク22の基端を連結し、この上リンク22を上下方向に振動駆動させる。これにより、圃場面19から差し込んだ掘り起こし刃25を根菜Kの根部より下方にて上下及び/又は前後に振動させて、走行機体1の前進移動につれて根菜Kの根部の引き抜きが容易になるように構成されている。
【0022】
また、前記下部のリンク23の基端と走行機体1との間に装着された油圧シリンダ26にて前記平行な上下リンク22,23を昇降回動させるように構成されている。
図2及び図4を参照して理解できるように、平面視において、茎葉掻き起こし装置16の後方には、サブソイラにおける掘り起こし刃25と、その縦支持杆24と、該縦支持杆24を昇降するための昇降リンク機構(上下リンク22,23)とを平面視において前記茎葉掻き起こし装置16と重なるように配置し、且つ図1に示すように、側面視においては、前記掘り起こし刃25と、その縦支持杆24と、該縦支持杆24を昇降するための昇降リンク機構(上下リンク22,23)とを、茎葉掻き起こし装置16と重ならないように配置したものである。
【0023】
さらに、図2及び図4に示すように、サブソイラにおける前記昇降リンク機構(上下リンク22,23)が未掘り起こし側の走行クローラ2aと平面視において重なるが、図1に示すように、掘り起こし刃25が圃場面19内に位置する掘り起こし作業中に、昇降リンクを下げた状態において、その下リンク23が前記走行クローラ2aと干渉しないよう配置されている。
【0024】
なお、図1、図2及び図4に示すごとく、前記作業部回動支点9と同芯軸上に設けたパイプ状の動力伝達横フレーム30の先端に前向きパイプフレーム31を連結し、該前向きパイプフレーム31の先端には、左右一対の挟持無端帯3,3の長手方向中途部の上方において根菜Kの既掘り起こし側に向かって延びる茎葉掻き込み用伝達パイプ32を連結し、該茎葉掻き込み用伝達パイプ32の未掘り起こし側端部から前方向に延びる伝達ケース33を介して、前記デバイダ14の上部にデバイダ用伝達ケース34を連結する。そして、前記上部の回動支点20と同軸の入力軸20aに固定したプーリ37からベルト等の無端帯38を介して前記作業部回動支点9と同芯軸上であって、動力伝達横フレーム30内に嵌挿される入力軸39の突出端に固定したプーリ40に動力伝達し、さらに、前向きパイプフレーム31、茎葉掻き込み用伝達パイプ32、伝達ケース33及びデバイダ用伝達ケース34内の伝達軸等の伝達機構を介して、茎葉掻き込み装置16及びデバイダ14に各々動力伝達される。
【0025】
また、前記作業部回動支点9と同芯軸である入力軸39に固定されたプーリからチェン41を介して後部伝動ケース42に動力伝達し、前記左右一対の挟持無端帯3,3における両後端ホイール12と同軸の入力部に動力伝達して両挟持無端帯3,3を回動駆動すると共に、前記両後端ホイール12より下部にて、根菜Kの茎葉部を水平後方に搬送するための左右一対で上下に配置された無端搬送帯43a,43bからなる茎葉排出装置43及び左右一対の水平回転する回転刃44a,44aからなる切断手段44に回転力を伝達する。なお、前記両後端ホイール12より下部には、根菜Kの根部の上端を水平後方向に案内することにより、前記茎葉排出装置43へ茎葉部を受け継がせるための左右一対の案内杆45が配置されている。
【0026】
前記切断手段44の下方には、茎葉部を切除分離された根菜Kの根部を受け止め、走行機体1の後端の側方(根菜Kの既掘り起こし側)に搬送するための、選別コンベヤ46が配置されており、前記トランスミッション7のPTO出力軸36から、プーリ、チェン47a,47bを介して選別コンベヤ46への入力部46aに動力伝達される。この選別コンベヤ46は、一対の無端チェン間に多数の棒状のスラット46bが一定間隔にて張り渡されているものであり、走行機体1の後端にて歩行する作業者が、選別コンベヤ46上の根菜Kのうち不良品を選り分ける。選別コンベヤ46の排出端には、良品の根菜Kを受け止め、蓄積するためのコンテナ48を載置する前後長手のコンテナ台49がある。このコンテナ台49は走行機体1の側面に対して基端が蝶番を介して上下回動可能に連結され、非作業時には、上向きに回動し、作業時にはコンテナ台49が略水平となるように姿勢保持される。
【0027】
なお、前記切断手段44にて切断されて落下する根菜Kの根部が選別コンベヤ46における隣接するスラット46bの隙間に刺さり込まないように寝かせた状態に姿勢変更させると共に、落下する根部が金属製等の固いスラット46bに直接激突しないようにするためのスポンジ状等の緩衝材からなる案内体50がスラット46bの上方に配置されている。
【0028】
また、前述のように、前記左右一対の挟持無端帯3,3、茎葉掻き込み装置16及びデバイダ14は、前記作業部回動支点9を中心にして一体的に上下回動するように各装置部のフレーム同士は連結されており、それらの前部側から前向きに突出する支持杆51の前端に装着された接地前輪52にて圃場面19に対して支持される。そして、非作業時や路上走行時には、前記掘り起こし刃25や、前記左右一対の挟持無端帯3,3、茎葉掻き込み装置16及びデバイダ14の下端が地面に干渉しないようこれらの部分を上昇位置に保持するには、油圧シリンダ26を駆動させると、昇降リンク機構である平行状の上下リンク22,23の前端側が上向き回動する。このとき、図1、図2、図8(a)及び図8(b)に示すように、下リンク23の側面に設けた押し上げ用の回転可能なローラ53の上面が前記一対の挟持無端帯3,3の支持フレーム10の下面側等に設けた側面視「ヘ」字状のガイドレール54の下面に沿って移動するように構成しておけば、1つの油圧シリンダ26のピストンロッド突出動の作動にて、掘り起こし刃25と共に挟持無端帯3,3、茎葉掻き込み装置16及びデバイダ14の下端を一体的に圃場面19より上方に大きく持ち上げることが可能となるのである。
【0029】
そして、前記ガイドレール54の断面を、図8(b)に示すように、下向きコ字状に形成しておけば、昇降リンク機構の上昇時にローラ53の上面(円周面のうちの上側)がガイドレール54の上ガイド面54aに当接して、図9の二点鎖線で示すように、挟持無端帯3,3、茎葉掻き込み装置16及びデバイダ14の下端を一体的に圃場面19より上方に大きく持ち上げることができ、コ字状のガイドレール54の左右両側ガイド面54bにローラ53の左右両側面が拘束されるから、支持フレーム10ひいては挟持無端帯3,3、茎葉掻き込み装置16及びデバイダ14が走行機体1ないしは走行クローラの幅方向に揺れても、ローラ53とガイドレール54とが外れないのである。
【0030】
また、前記ガイドレール54における走行機体1の前方側に配置された下向き傾斜角度の大きい部分は、掘り起こし刃25の土中に潜った深さを大小調節する範囲に属し、土ほぐし作用のために昇降リンク機構が上下振動してもローラ53がガイドレール54における上ガイド面54aと干渉しない。他方、ガイドレール54における走行機体1の後方側に延びた下向き傾斜角度の小さい部分は、挟持無端帯3,3、茎葉掻き込み装置16及びデバイダ14の下端を一体的に圃場面19より上方に大きく持ち上げる範囲に属する。
【0031】
なお、図10に示すように、ガイドレール54の断面を横向きコ字状に形成することにより、ローラ53の円周面の上下を、ガイドレール54における上下両ガイド面54a,54cにて囲み、且つガイドレール54における左右両側ガイド面54bにてローラ53の左右両側面が拘束されるように構成しても良い。
次に、前記の構成による根菜Kの収穫作業について説明する。実施例では、圃場に列状に植生された人参等の根菜Kをその1列毎に収穫する場合であって、オペレータは運転座席5に座ってエンジン6を駆動し、走行機体1を前進させながら、油圧シリンダ26のピストンロッドを後退させると、収穫すべき列の位置の地面に掘り起こし刃25を押し込み、オペレータは操向ハンドルを操作して走行機体1の向きを調節し、左右一対の挟持無端帯3,3を巻掛けている左右一対の始端ホイール11,11の間が前記未掘り起こし側の根菜Kの列に位置するように位置合わせする。走行機体1の前進につれて、デバイダ14の下端の分草タイン15の上昇移動にて、掘り起こすべき根菜Kの茎葉部と、それより未掘り起こし側の根菜Kの茎葉部とを絡まないように分離する。
【0032】
また、前記上部のリンク22の基部の偏心回転ボスにより上下揺動する掘り起こし刃25が心土をほぐして収穫すべき列の根菜Kの根部より下方を掘り起こす。次いで、茎葉掻き込み装置16の掻き込みタイン17の回動にて、茎葉部が挟持無端帯3,3の上縁よりも上方に引き起こされる。左右一対の挟持無端帯3,3の始端ホイール11,11の箇所で、前記引き起こされた茎葉部を挟持開始し、前記一対の挟持無端帯3,3が走行機体1の後方に行くに従って上昇するように配置されているので、茎葉部が挟持された根菜Kの根部は圃場から軽い力で引き抜かれる。
【0033】
一対の挟持無端帯3,3の挟持搬送ラインHに沿って走行機体1の後方に向けて揚上させられる根菜Kの根部の上端は、案内杆45の下面箇所にて拘束され、略水平後方に移動し、それより上方の茎葉部は、茎葉排出装置43の左右一対、上下の搬送帯43a,43bにて挟持されながら走行機体1の後方に移動させられる。その途次、切断手段44の左右一対の回転刃44a,44aにて、根菜Kの根部と茎葉部との間が切断されるから、その根菜Kの根部は自由落下し、案内体50に一旦衝突して緩衝された後、選別コンベヤ46に載って横移動し、コンテナ台49後部のコンテナ48に集積されて収穫される。前記切断された茎葉部は、茎葉排出装置43の後端から圃場面19に放出されるが、そのとき、未掘り起こし側の圃場面19に落下しないように湾曲したガイド板55にて案内される。
【0034】
なお、挟持無端帯3は、前記始端ホイール11,後端ホイール12及び中間ホイール13の外周における2連等のV溝に嵌まるVベルト部と、根菜Kの茎葉部を弾力的に挟持するため(押圧時に茎葉部を切断しないようにするため)の軟質挟持部とからなり、この軟質挟持部は、スポンジゴム等の軟質発泡体の表面をゴム硬度が高く、且つ長期間、静止的互いの押圧力により、表層同士が接着しないものであり、且つ水分不透過性を有する硬質ゴム、シリコーンゴム等の表層にて覆ったものである。
【0035】
前記の構成において、左右一対の挟持無端帯3,3の始端部による根菜Kの茎葉部の挟持開始位置が、前記根菜Kの未掘り起こし側の走行クローラ2aの外縁より外側に配置されていると、根菜Kの掘り起こしの失敗、引き抜きや挟持搬送が不完全で、万一圃場面19に根菜Kが落下しても、後続する走行クローラ2aにて根菜Kを踏みつけることがなく、収穫すべき根菜Kが損傷するおそれが無くなる。また、未掘り起こし側の圃場を走行クローラ2aにて踏み固めることがないので、次の行程での掘り起こし刃25による土の掘り起こし抵抗も少なくて済み、軽快に掘り起こし作業ができるという効果を奏する。
【0036】
また、サブソイラにおける掘り起こし刃25、縦支持杆24及び昇降リンク機構の上下リンク22,23を、走行機体1の平面視において、茎葉掻き起こし装置16と重なり、且つ走行機体1の側面視において、サブソイラの縦支持杆24、掘り起こし刃25及び昇降リンク機構の上下リンク22,23を、茎葉掻き起こし装置16の後方にあるように重ならない配置にすれば、走行機体1の幅方向において、茎葉掻き起こし装置16の幅内にサブソイラ全体の構成が収まり、且つ、前記根菜Kの条の下方迄届くように配設しなければならない掘り起こし刃25の走行機体幅方向(土中に配置すべき部分)の長さを短く形成することができ、掘り起こし作業中に当該掘り起こし刃25の基部及び縦支持杆24に作用する抵抗力を少なくすることができるから、サブソイラの構成をコンパクトにできるという効果を奏する。
【0037】
そして、サブソイラにおける掘り起こし刃25及び縦支持杆24を昇降すべき昇降リンク機構の上下リンク22,23が、走行機体1の平面視において、未掘り起こし側に近い走行クローラ2aと上下方向に重なる配置に設定すれば、根菜Kの茎葉部の挟持開始位置を、前記根菜Kの未掘り起こし側の走行クローラ2aの外縁より外側に配置していても、サブソイラ全体の走行機体1の幅方向に沿う寸法を短くしてコンパクトにできるという効果を奏するのである。
【0038】
【発明の効果】
以上に詳述したように、請求項1に記載の発明の根菜収穫機は、走行機体に、圃場に植生している根菜の根部より下方を振動させて掘り起すためのサブソイラと、始端部を進行方向前側にて圃場面に接近配置させ、後端側を進行方向後側にて上方になるように後傾斜配置させて圃場の根菜類の茎葉部を挟持して引き抜き搬送する左右一対の挟持無端帯と、該左右一対の挟持無端帯による根菜類の茎葉部の挟持搬送過程で前記茎葉部から根部を切り離すための切断手段とを備えてなる根菜収穫機であって、前記左右一対の挟持無端帯の一方の前方には、未堀起し側の根菜類の茎葉部と引き抜くべき根菜類の茎葉部とを振り分けるためのデバイダを設け、該デバイダのケース側面には、前記引き抜くべき根菜類の茎葉部を前記左右一対の挟持無端帯の始端部の間に導くための弾性を有する扁平状のガイド体を突設したものである。
【0039】
この構成によれば、前記デバイダにおける分草タインによる茎葉部の掻上げ作用によって、圃場面に垂れ下がっている(倒伏している)茎葉部を立ち上がらせ、この立ち上がった茎葉部は、前記扁平状のガイド体の表面に凭れかかるから、当該茎葉部が、走行機体の前進につれて、左右一対の挟持無端帯の始端部に確実に誘導される結果、前記茎葉部を確実に挟持させることができるのである。
【0040】
そうすると、前記挟持無端帯による搬送過程で茎葉部を根部から切り離すとき、根部に垂れ下がった茎葉部がないから、前記切断手段により全ての茎葉部を切り離すことができて、さらに後の再度の切断作業が不用になり、出荷コストを低減できるという効果を奏する。
また、請求項2に記載の発明は、請求項1に記載の根菜収穫機において、根菜類の茎葉部を引き起こすための茎葉掻き起こし装置を、前記左右一対の挟持無端帯の始端部より前方であって、前記デバイダと横方向に対峙するように配置し、茎葉掻き起こし装置におけるケースの後面には、前記引き抜くべき根菜類の茎葉部を前記左右一対の挟持無端帯の始端部に導くための弾性を有する扁平状の補助ガイド体を突設したものである。
【0041】
この構成によれば、前記デバイダにおける分草タインによる茎葉部の掻上げ作用と、前記茎葉掻き込み装置における掻込みタインによる茎葉部の掻上げ作用とによって、圃場面に垂れ下がっている(倒伏している)茎葉部を左右両側から立ち上がらせることができ、このデバイダのケース側面に設けたガイド体と茎葉掻き込み装置のケースの後面に設けた扁平状の補助ガイド体とにより、前記立ち上げた茎葉部を確実に支えて、前記左右一対の挟持無端帯の始端部に導くことができ、前記の切断時に、切り残しする茎葉部を発生させない作用を一層向上させることができるという効果を奏する。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】 根菜収穫機の側面図である。
【図2】 根菜収穫機の平面図である。
【図3】 根菜収穫機の正面図である。
【図4】 根菜収穫機の動力伝達機構の平面図である。
【図5】 ガイド体及び補助カバー体の配置を示すための図3の要部拡大正面図である。
【図6】 図5の左側面図である。
【図7】 ガイド体及び補助カバー体による作用を示すための平面図である。
【図8】 (a)はガイドレールの側面図、(b)はガイドレールの断面を示す図である。
【図9】 昇降リンク機構による昇降作用図である。
【図10】 ガイドレールの他の実施例を示す断面図である。
【符号の説明】
1 走行機体
2a,2b 走行クローラ
3,3 挟持無端帯
5 運転座席
6 エンジン
11,11 始端ホイール
14 デバイダ
14a 側面カバー部
15 分草タイン
16 茎葉掻込み装置
16b ケース
17 掻込みタイン
22 上リンク
23 下リンク
24 縦支持杆
25 掘り起こし刃
26 油圧シリンダ
53 ローラ
54 ガイドレール
56 ガイド体
61 補助ガイド体
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an improved structure of a harvester for root vegetables such as carrots.
[0002]
[Prior art]
As a structure of a conventionally known root vegetable harvesting machine, in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 7-327437, a lower front side near one side of a traveling machine body that runs on a pair of left and right traveling crawlers mounted on the traveling machine body is an upper rear of the traveling machine body. A pair of left and right sandwiched endless belts are arranged over the lower end of the sandwiched endless belt, and a subsoiler equipped with a digging and raising blade that digs under the root vegetables such as carrots vegetated in the field is provided, A pair of left and right rotary cutters that cut between the stems and roots of the carrot to be clamped and transported are disposed at the rear end of the pair of left and right sandwiched endless belts, and the cutting is performed at the rear end of the traveling machine body. In order to dig up and transport the two rows of root vegetables that are vegetated in the field at the same time, while providing a container mounting table that catches the root of the falling carrot, the tip of the pair of left and right endless belts On the surface side, a pair of left and right foliage scratching devices are arranged to move so that the respective scissor tines face each other and scrape the foliage part, and further on the front side of each foliage scratching device The divider is arranged such that the weed tine moves along a substantially vertical plane.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
By the way, the stems and leaves of root vegetables such as carrots often have a portion where the tip side stands substantially perpendicular to the field scene and a portion where the tip lies in a direction substantially parallel to the field scene. And this fallen part can be pinched again once it is caused by the above-mentioned foliage device or divider, so that the fallen foliage part cannot be clamped at the tip part of the pair of left and right sandwiched endless belts become.
[0004]
In that case, even if it is cut so as to cut the part of the sandwiched foliage part and the root part below it by the pair of left and right sandwiched endless bands, the overgrown foliage part remains attached to the root part, There was a problem that it took time and labor to cut the remaining foliage portion later manually, resulting in high shipping costs.
The present invention has been made to solve this problem, and by adding simple parts, the fallen leaves and leaves can be securely clamped together with a pair of left and right endless bands, and later It is an object of the present invention to provide a root vegetable harvesting machine that can ensure the work of cutting off the foliage.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, a root crop harvesting machine according to the first aspect of the present invention has a subsoiler for causing a traveling machine body to oscillate below a root portion of a root vegetable planted in a field and dig up, and a starting end portion. A pair of left and right endless grips that are placed close to the farm scene on the front side in the direction and rearwardly tilted so that the rear end side is located on the rear side in the traveling direction so as to pinch and transport the roots and leaves of the root vegetables in the field A root vegetable harvesting machine comprising a band and a cutting means for separating the root part from the stem and leaf part in the process of sandwiching and conveying the root vegetable stem and leaf part by the pair of left and right endless bands, In front of one of the belts, a divider is provided for distributing the stems and leaves of the root vegetables on the unexposed side and the roots and leaves of the root vegetables to be pulled out, and on the case side of the divider, the root vegetables to be pulled out are provided. No clamping between the left and right pair of stems and leaves It is obtained by projecting the flat guide body having elasticity for directing between the starting end of the strip.
[0006]
Further, the invention according to claim 2 is the root vegetable harvesting machine according to claim 1, wherein a foliage raising device for causing a foliage part of a root vegetable is provided in front of the start end part of the pair of left and right endless belts. And arranged so as to face the divider in the lateral direction, on the rear surface of the case in the foliage raising device, for guiding the roots and leaves of the root vegetables to be pulled out to the start ends of the pair of left and right endless belts A flat auxiliary guide body having elasticity is projected.
[0007]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Next, an embodiment embodying the present invention will be described. 1 is a side view of a root vegetable harvester, FIG. 2 is a schematic plan view of the whole root vegetable harvester, FIG. 3 is a front view, FIG. 4 is a plan view of a power transmission system, and FIG. 5 is a main part of a divider and a foliage scratching device. FIG. 6 is a side view of the main part, and FIG. 7 is a plan view showing the action of the divider provided with the guide body and the foliage scratching device provided with the auxiliary guide body.
[0008]
In the plan view shown in FIG. 2, a pair of left and right traveling crawlers 2 a and 2 b are disposed below the traveling machine body 1, and on the traveling machine body 1, the side where the root vegetables K such as carrots are already dug up (the upper side in FIG. 2, the traveling direction). On the inner side of the outer edge of the traveling crawler 2b (on the right side), the steering column 4, the driver seat 5, and the engine 6 are disposed from the front end, and the transmission 7 is disposed on the rear end side of the traveling body 1, Power is transmitted from the transmission 7 to drive wheels 8 (see FIG. 1) disposed at the rear ends of the pair of left and right traveling crawlers 2a and 2b. In addition, at least the starting end of the nipping and conveying means comprising a pair of left and right nipping endless bands 3 and 3 on the non-digging side of the root vegetables K (lower side in FIG. 2, outside the outer edge of the traveling crawler 2a on the left in the traveling direction (undigging side)) It arrange | positions so that the part side may be located.
[0009]
The start-end wheels 11 and 11 and the rear-end wheels 12 and 12 mounted on the support frame 10 supported so as to be rotatable up and down via the bracket 10a at the work portion rotation fulcrum 9 near the rear portion of the traveling machine body 1 include The pair of left and right endless belts 3, 3 are wound around, and the front and rear intermediate portions of the respective endless belts 3 are supported by a number of intermediate wheels 13.
[0010]
In the first embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 4, the nail conveyance line H of the root and leaf portion of the root vegetable K by the pair of left and right endless belts 3 and 3 is a traveling crawler on the side of the root vegetable K that has not been dug up. It is arranged so as to be substantially parallel to the traveling direction of the traveling machine body 1 in plan view outside the outer edge of 2a. In addition, by providing a large-diameter scraping wheel (not shown) that rotates integrally with the start end wheels 11, 11, a nipping and conveying start portion (start end portion) is configured.
[0011]
Further, among the pair of left and right endless strips 3 and 3, the roots and roots of the root vegetables K to be pulled out are entangled with the stems and leaves of the root vegetables K on the unexcavated side. A divider 14 is provided for separation so that no separation occurs. The divider 14 has an endless belt that is rotationally driven and a weeding tine 15 having a plurality of base ends mounted at predetermined intervals on the front side in the traveling direction of the traveling machine body 1 and is directed upward from the farm scene 19 in a substantially vertical plane. Configured to move to.
[0012]
Further, of the pair of left and right sandwiched endless belts 3 and 3, in the lower part of the front side on the side where the root vegetables K have already been dug up, the foliage for scraping the stems and leaves of the root vegetables K to be pulled out in the direction of the sandwiching conveyance line H A device 16 is arranged. In this foliage scraping device 16, a scraping tine 17 in which a plurality of proximal ends are mounted on a rotationally driven endless belt 16 a at a predetermined interval is mutually connected to the weeding tine 15 in the divider 14 on the front side of the starting wheel 11. When the scraping tine 17 is arranged so as to be substantially orthogonal and moves upward from the farm scene 19, the tip of the scraping tine 17 becomes the non-operating side of the weed tine 15 in the case of the divider 14. It arrange | positions so that the side cover part 14a may be opposed.
[0013]
In this way, the weeding tine 15 that moves upward in a substantially vertical plane of the divider 14 and the foliage scraping device 16 having the scraping tine 17 that is perpendicular to the side surface cover portion 14a of the divider 14 are dug up. The left and right sides of the stems and leaves that hang down (shouldered) in the power root vegetables K can also be scraped upward.
[0014]
Then, in the front view of the traveling machine body shown in FIG. 5, the nipping and conveying line H is arranged on the side near the base of the scavenging tine 17 on the scrambling action side, so that the lower end (on the farm scene) A non-acting region (a region where the tip of the scavenging tine 17 moves) protrudes from a trajectory (scratching operative region) where the scavenging tine 17 moves in a close region) and is surrounded by the side cover portion 14a. 5 to 7, the guide body 56 whose base end is fixed with a screw 57 or the like at the lower side of the side cover portion 14 a in the case of the divider 14 is free. The ends are arranged so as to partially overlap the non-operating region when viewed from the front, and are extended so as to approach the front portions of the start end portions of the pair of left and right endless bands 3 and 3. The guide body 56 is formed in a flat shape with a material having elasticity (a property of being able to bend and deform to some extent) such as a rubber plate.
[0015]
Accordingly, the foliage tine 15 in the divider 14 hangs up on the field scene 19 due to the foliage scraping action by the weed tine 15 and the foliage tine 17 scraping action in the foliage scraping device 16 (hanging down). The stems and leaves that have risen up and drooped up on the surface of the guide body 56 disposed in the non-operating area, so the foliage part that is located on the surface of the guide body 56 in the non-operating area However, as the traveling machine body 1 moves forward, as a result of being reliably guided to the nipping and conveying start portion (starting end portion) of the nipping and conveying means comprising the pair of left and right holding endless bands 3 and 3 wound around the starting end wheels 11 and 11, The foliage portion can be securely clamped.
[0016]
An auxiliary guide body 61 having a base end fixed with screws or the like on the back side of the case 16b in the foliage scraping device 16 (the side facing the starting wheel 11), the free end side of which is the foliar scooping. It extends and arrange | positions so that it may approach the front of the starting end wheel 11 near the apparatus 16 (refer FIG. 7). Similarly to the guide body 56, the auxiliary guide body 61 is also formed in a flat shape with a material having elasticity (a property that allows a certain degree of bending deformation) such as a rubber plate.
[0017]
Therefore, the pair of left and right sandwiched endless belts 3 are received by the surface of the auxiliary guide body 61 without dripping the foliage portion once swollen up onto the farm scene 19 by the scoring tine 17 in the foliage scraping device 16. , 3 can be reliably guided to the starting part (starting end part) of nipping and conveying.
Each lower end edge of the guide body 56 and the auxiliary guide body 61 may be brought into sliding contact with the farm scene 19 so as to be rubbed. As described above, by providing both guide means for the guide body 56 and the auxiliary guide body 61, the free end edges of the both guide bodies 56, 61 can be arranged close to each other. Since the stems and leaves once raised by the scraping tine 17 cannot afford to fall again, the guiding action of the pair of left and right holding endless bands 3 and 3 to the starting and starting parts (starting ends) is further improved. is there.
[0018]
As described above, because of the action of the guide body 56 and / or the auxiliary guide body 61, all the foliage portions can be pinched when transported by the pair of sandwiched endless belts 3 and 3, and there are no foliage portions hanging from the root portion of the root vegetables. When the foliage part is separated from the root part by the subsequent cutting means, all foliage parts can be separated, and the subsequent recutting work becomes unnecessary, and the shipping cost can be reduced.
[0019]
Further, as shown in FIG. 5, in the case 16b for covering the endless belt 16a and the base of the tine 17 in the foliage scraping device 16, the working side of the tine 17 (the side cover portion 14a of the divider 14). The position of half of the gap dimension W between the edge 16c on the side facing the side cover 14a and at least the front end side (starting wheel 11) of the nipping and conveying means by the pair of left and right nipping endless bands 3 and 3 , 11) and the position of the nipping and conveying start portion (or the nipping and conveying line H) is arranged so as to deviate by a dimension d from the unexcavated side. In other words, in the front view of the traveling machine body shown in FIG. 5, the lower end (field scene) of the foliage stirrer 16 is arranged by arranging the holding conveyance line H on the side closer to the base of the scavenging tine 17 on the scrambling action side. A non-acting region (a region where the tip of the scavenging tine 17 moves) that protrudes from the trajectory (scratching working region) where the scavenging tine 17 moves in a region close to the side) and is surrounded by the side cover portion 14a. Area), the stems and leaves of root vegetables such as carrots are likely to be hung on the farm scene 19 by the tine 17 and the pair of left and right endless belts 3, 3 The nipping conveyance can be executed reliably. Furthermore, if the length of the scraping tine 17 is increased, the gap between the divider 14 and the side cover 14a of the divider 14 is increased, and the position of the root vegetables K vegetated on the field can be easily confirmed.
[0020]
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 9, the rotation fulcrums 20 and 21 on the base end sides of the upper link 22 and the lower link 23 as the elevating link mechanism for raising and lowering the sub soiler are the working unit rotation fulcrum 9. The vertical support rod 24 is arranged on the front side of the upper link 22 and the lower link 23 as parallel links which are arranged on the inner side surface of the traveling machine body which is further forward than the vertical link pivots 20 and 21 and which can rotate up and down. The digging blade 25 is fixed to the lower end of the vertical support rod 24.
[0021]
1 and 2, an endless belt 29 is wound around the pulley 28 fixed to the input shaft 20a of the upper rotation fulcrum 20 and the output pulley 27 of the engine 6, and the input shaft 20a. And the base end of the upper link 22 is connected via an eccentric boss (not shown) fitted to the input shaft 20a, and the upper link 22 is driven to vibrate in the vertical direction. Thereby, the digging and raising blade 25 inserted from the farm scene 19 is vibrated up and down and / or back and forth below the root part of the root vegetable K so that the root part of the root vegetable K can be easily pulled out as the traveling machine body 1 moves forward. It is configured.
[0022]
The parallel upper and lower links 22, 23 are configured to move up and down by a hydraulic cylinder 26 mounted between the base end of the lower link 23 and the traveling machine body 1.
As can be understood with reference to FIG. 2 and FIG. 4, in plan view, behind the foliage raising device 16, the digging blade 25 in the subsoiler, its vertical support rod 24, and the vertical support rod 24 are moved up and down. And a lifting link mechanism (upper and lower links 22, 23) are arranged so as to overlap with the foliage scratching device 16 in a plan view, and as shown in FIG. The vertical support rod 24 and the lifting link mechanism (upper and lower links 22, 23) for raising and lowering the vertical support rod 24 are arranged so as not to overlap with the foliage raising device 16.
[0023]
Further, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 4, the lifting link mechanism (upper and lower links 22, 23) in the subsoiler overlaps with the traveling crawler 2 a on the non-digging side in a plan view, but as shown in FIG. Is arranged so that the lower link 23 does not interfere with the traveling crawler 2a when the lifting link is lowered during the digging work located in the farm scene 19.
[0024]
1, 2, and 4, a forward pipe frame 31 is connected to the tip of a pipe-shaped power transmission lateral frame 30 provided on the concentric shaft with the working portion rotation fulcrum 9, At the tip of the pipe frame 31, a transmission pipe 32 for scraping the stem and leaf extending toward the side where the root vegetables K have already been dug up is connected above the midway in the longitudinal direction of the pair of left and right endless strips 3 and 3. A transmission case 34 for the divider is connected to an upper portion of the divider 14 via a transmission case 33 extending in the forward direction from the unexcavated side end of the transmission pipe 32 for use. Then, the pulley 37 fixed to the input shaft 20a coaxial with the upper rotation fulcrum 20 is connected to the working portion rotation fulcrum 9 and the concentric shaft through an endless belt 38 such as a belt, and a power transmission lateral frame. Power is transmitted to a pulley 40 fixed to the protruding end of an input shaft 39 that is inserted into the shaft 30, and further, a transmission shaft in a forward pipe frame 31, a foliage scraping transmission pipe 32, a transmission case 33, and a divider transmission case 34 Power is transmitted to the foliage scraping device 16 and the divider 14 via a transmission mechanism such as the above.
[0025]
Further, power is transmitted from the pulley fixed to the input shaft 39 which is a concentric shaft to the working portion rotation fulcrum 9 to the rear transmission case 42 via the chain 41, and both the paired left and right endless belts 3, 3 Power is transmitted to the input portion coaxial with the rear end wheel 12 to drive the both endless belts 3 and 3 to rotate, and the roots and roots of the root vegetables K are transported horizontally rearward from the lower end wheels 12. For this purpose, the rotational force is transmitted to the foliage discharging device 43 composed of endless transport bands 43a, 43b arranged vertically in a pair of left and right and cutting means 44 composed of a pair of left and right rotating blades 44a, 44a. A pair of left and right guide rods 45 are arranged below the both rear end wheels 12 for guiding the upper ends of the roots of the root vegetables K in the horizontal rear direction so that the foliage discharging device 43 is inherited. Has been.
[0026]
Below the cutting means 44, there is a sorting conveyor 46 for receiving the root part of the root vegetable K from which the foliage has been cut and separated and transporting it to the side of the rear end of the traveling machine body 1 (the side where the root vegetable K has already been dug up). Power is transmitted from the PTO output shaft 36 of the transmission 7 to the input section 46a to the sorting conveyor 46 via pulleys and chains 47a and 47b. In this sorting conveyor 46, a large number of rod-like slats 46b are stretched between a pair of endless chains at regular intervals, and an operator walking at the rear end of the traveling machine body 1 is placed on the sorting conveyor 46. Select the defective products from the root vegetables K. At the discharge end of the sorting conveyor 46, there is a longitudinal container stand 49 on which a container 48 for receiving and accumulating good root vegetables K is placed. The container base 49 is connected to the side surface of the traveling machine body 1 through a hinge so that the base end can be turned up and down. The container base 49 rotates upward when not working, and the container base 49 becomes substantially horizontal when working. The posture is maintained.
[0027]
The root part of the root vegetable K that is cut by the cutting means 44 and dropped is laid down so that the root part is not stuck in the gap between adjacent slats 46b in the sorting conveyor 46, and the falling root part is made of metal or the like. A guide body 50 made of a cushioning material such as a sponge is disposed above the slat 46b so as not to directly collide with the hard slat 46b.
[0028]
Further, as described above, the pair of left and right endless belts 3 and 3, the foliage scraping device 16, and the divider 14 are configured so as to integrally rotate up and down around the working portion rotation fulcrum 9. The frames are connected to each other, and are supported with respect to the farm scene 19 by a ground contact front wheel 52 attached to a front end of a support rod 51 protruding forward from the front side thereof. When not working or traveling on the road, the digging blade 25, the left and right pair of sandwiched endless belts 3, 3, the foliage scraper 16 and the divider 14 are placed in the raised position so that they do not interfere with the ground. In order to hold it, when the hydraulic cylinder 26 is driven, the front end sides of the parallel upper and lower links 22 and 23 which are lifting link mechanisms rotate upward. At this time, as shown in FIGS. 1, 2, 8 (a) and 8 (b), the upper surface of the pushable rotatable roller 53 provided on the side surface of the lower link 23 is the pair of sandwiched endless belts. If it is configured so as to move along the lower surface of the guide rail 54 having a "H" shape in side view provided on the lower surface side of the third and third support frames 10, the piston rod projecting movement of one hydraulic cylinder 26 With this operation, it is possible to integrally lift the lower ends of the endless belts 3 and 3, the foliage scraping device 16 and the divider 14 together with the digging blade 25 upward from the field scene 19.
[0029]
Then, if the cross section of the guide rail 54 is formed in a downward U-shape as shown in FIG. 8B, the upper surface of the roller 53 (the upper side of the circumferential surface) when the elevating link mechanism is raised. Comes into contact with the upper guide surface 54a of the guide rail 54, and as shown by the two-dot chain lines in FIG. Since the left and right side surfaces of the roller 53 are restrained by the left and right side guide surfaces 54b of the U-shaped guide rail 54, the support frame 10 and thus the endless belts 3 and 3 and the foliage scraping device 16 can be lifted up. And even if the divider 14 swings in the width direction of the traveling machine body 1 or the traveling crawler, the roller 53 and the guide rail 54 do not come off.
[0030]
Further, a portion of the guide rail 54 having a large downward inclination angle disposed on the front side of the traveling machine body 1 belongs to a range in which the depth of the digging blade 25 that is submerged in the soil is adjusted, so that the soil unraveling action is performed. Even if the elevating link mechanism vibrates up and down, the roller 53 does not interfere with the upper guide surface 54 a of the guide rail 54. On the other hand, the portion of the guide rail 54 with a small downward inclination angle extending to the rear side of the traveling machine body 1 has the lower ends of the endless belts 3 and 3, the foliage scraping device 16 and the divider 14 integrally above the farm scene 19. It belongs to the range to be lifted greatly.
[0031]
As shown in FIG. 10, by forming the cross section of the guide rail 54 in a lateral U shape, the upper and lower circumferential surfaces of the roller 53 are surrounded by the upper and lower guide surfaces 54 a and 54 c of the guide rail 54, In addition, the right and left side surfaces of the roller 53 may be constrained by the left and right side guide surfaces 54b of the guide rail 54.
Next, the root vegetable K harvesting operation with the above-described configuration will be described. In the embodiment, the root vegetables K such as carrots vegetated in rows in the field are harvested for each row, and the operator sits on the driving seat 5 and drives the engine 6 to advance the traveling machine body 1. However, when the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder 26 is retracted, the digging and pushing blade 25 is pushed into the ground at the position of the row to be harvested, and the operator operates the steering handle to adjust the direction of the traveling machine body 1 to hold a pair of left and right clamps. Alignment is performed so that the space between the pair of left and right starting end wheels 11 and 11 around which the endless belts 3 and 3 are wound is positioned in the row of root vegetables K on the undigged side. As the traveling machine body 1 moves forward, the vegetation tine 15 at the lower end of the divider 14 moves upward to separate the stems and leaves of the root vegetables K that should be dug out from the stems and leaves of the root vegetables K that are not dug up. .
[0032]
Further, the digging blade 25 swinging up and down by the eccentric rotating boss at the base of the upper link 22 digs up below the root of the root vegetables K of the row to be harvested by loosening the subsoil. Subsequently, the rotation of the scraping tine 17 of the foliage scraping device 16 causes the foliage portion to be raised above the upper edge of the sandwiched endless bands 3 and 3. At the position of the starting end wheels 11, 11 of the pair of left and right sandwiched endless belts 3, 3, the stems and leaves that have been raised start to be gripped, and the pair of sandwiched endless belts 3, 3 ascend toward the rear of the traveling machine body 1. Therefore, the root part of the root vegetable K in which the foliage part is sandwiched is pulled out from the field with a light force.
[0033]
The upper ends of the roots of the root vegetables K that are lifted toward the rear of the traveling machine body 1 along the sandwiching conveyance line H of the pair of sandwiched endless belts 3 and 3 are restrained by the lower surface portion of the guide rod 45 and are substantially horizontally rearward. The foliage part above is moved to the rear of the traveling machine body 1 while being sandwiched between the left and right pair of the foliage discharging device 43 and the upper and lower transport bands 43a and 43b. In the meantime, the pair of left and right rotary blades 44a and 44a of the cutting means 44 cuts the root portion of the root vegetable K and the stem and leaf portion, so that the root portion of the root vegetable K falls freely and temporarily enters the guide body 50. After colliding and being buffered, it is moved laterally on the sorting conveyor 46 and is collected and collected in the container 48 at the rear of the container table 49. The cut foliage portion is discharged from the rear end of the foliage discharge device 43 to the farm scene 19 and is then guided by a curved guide plate 55 so as not to fall into the unexcavated farm scene 19. .
[0034]
Note that the sandwiching endless belt 3 elastically sandwiches the V-belt portion that fits in a double V-groove on the outer periphery of the start wheel 11, the rear wheel 12, and the intermediate wheel 13 and the foliage of the root vegetable K. (To prevent cutting of the foliage during pressing), and the soft clamping portion has a high hardness on the surface of a soft foam such as sponge rubber, and for a long time, The surface layers are not bonded to each other by the pressing force, and are covered with a surface layer such as hard rubber or silicone rubber having moisture impermeability.
[0035]
In the above configuration, when the root start position of the root vegetables K by the start ends of the pair of left and right endless belts 3 and 3 is disposed outside the outer edge of the traveling crawler 2a on the uncut side of the root vegetables K. Root crops to be harvested without being trampled by the following traveling crawler 2a even if root crops K fall in the field 19 even if the root crops K have failed to be dug up, incompletely pulled out or pinched and transported. There is no risk of damage to K. In addition, since the uncrawled farm field is not stepped on by the traveling crawler 2a, the resistance to excavating the soil by the excavating blade 25 in the next stroke can be reduced, and the excavation work can be easily performed.
[0036]
Further, the digging blade 25, the vertical support rod 24, and the upper and lower links 22, 23 of the lifting link mechanism in the subsoiler overlap with the foliage raising device 16 in a plan view of the traveling machine body 1, and in the side view of the traveling machine body 1, the subsoiler. If the vertical support rod 24, the digging blade 25, and the upper and lower links 22, 23 of the lifting / lowering link mechanism are arranged so as not to overlap at the rear of the foliage raising device 16, the foliage will be raised in the width direction of the traveling machine body 1. The construction of the entire subsoiler is within the width of the device 16, and the digging blade 25 must be disposed so as to reach the lower part of the root vegetables K. The length can be reduced, and the resistance acting on the base of the digging blade 25 and the vertical support rod 24 during the digging operation can be reduced. Because it is an effect that can be made compact configuration of Sabusoira.
[0037]
And the upper and lower links 22 and 23 of the lifting link mechanism that should raise and lower the digging blade 25 and the vertical support rod 24 in the subsoiler are arranged so as to overlap with the traveling crawler 2a close to the non-digging side in the vertical direction in the plan view of the traveling machine body 1. If set, the dimension along the width direction of the traveling machine body 1 of the entire subsoiler is set even if the nipping start position of the root and leaf portion of the root vegetable K is arranged outside the outer edge of the unrolled traveling crawler 2a of the root vegetable K. The effect is that it can be shortened and made compact.
[0038]
【The invention's effect】
As described in detail above, the root vegetable harvesting machine of the invention described in claim 1 includes a subsoiler for causing the traveling machine body to oscillate below the root part of the root vegetable planted in the field and dig up, and a start end part. A pair of left and right grips that are placed close to the farm scene on the front side in the traveling direction and rearwardly tilted so that the rear end side is on the upper side on the rear side in the traveling direction, pinching and transporting the roots and leaves of the root vegetables in the field A root vegetable harvesting machine comprising: an endless belt, and a cutting means for separating the root from the stem and leaf part in the process of sandwiching and transporting the root and leaf of the root vegetable by the pair of left and right endless belts, In front of one endless belt, a divider is provided for distributing the stem and leaf portion of the unveiled root vegetable and the root and leaf portion of the root vegetable to be extracted, and the root vegetable to be extracted is provided on the side of the divider case. A pair of left and right ends It is obtained by projecting the flat guide body having elasticity for guiding during the beginning of.
[0039]
According to this configuration, by the scraping action of the foliage tine in the divider, the foliage part hanging (falling down) in the field scene is caused to rise, and the raised foliage part is formed in the flat shape. Since the surface of the guide body is drowned, the foliage portion is reliably guided to the starting end portions of the pair of left and right sandwiched endless belts as the traveling machine body advances, so that the foliage portion can be reliably pinched. .
[0040]
Then, when the foliage part is cut off from the root part in the conveyance process by the sandwiched endless belt, since there is no foliage part hanging from the root part, all the foliage parts can be cut off by the cutting means, and the subsequent cutting operation is performed again. Is not necessary, and the shipping cost can be reduced.
Further, the invention according to claim 2 is the root vegetable harvesting machine according to claim 1, wherein a foliage raising device for causing a foliage part of a root vegetable is provided in front of the start end part of the pair of left and right endless belts. And arranged so as to face the divider in the lateral direction, on the rear surface of the case in the foliage raising device, for guiding the roots and leaves of the root vegetables to be pulled out to the start ends of the pair of left and right endless belts A flat auxiliary guide body having elasticity is projected.
[0041]
According to this structure, it is hung down in the field by the scraping action of the foliage tine by the weed tine in the divider and the scooping action of the foliage part by the sting tine in the foliage scraping device. The stems and leaves can be raised from both the left and right sides, and the raised stems and leaves are formed by a guide body provided on the side surface of the divider and a flat auxiliary guide body provided on the rear side of the case of the foliage scraping device. The portion can be reliably supported and guided to the start end portion of the pair of left and right endless belts, and the effect of not generating a foliage portion that remains uncut at the time of the cutting can be further improved.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a side view of a root crop harvesting machine.
FIG. 2 is a plan view of a root crop harvesting machine.
FIG. 3 is a front view of a root crop harvesting machine.
FIG. 4 is a plan view of a power transmission mechanism of a root vegetable harvesting machine.
5 is an enlarged front view of the main part of FIG. 3 for illustrating the arrangement of the guide body and the auxiliary cover body.
6 is a left side view of FIG. 5. FIG.
FIG. 7 is a plan view for illustrating the operation of the guide body and the auxiliary cover body.
8A is a side view of the guide rail, and FIG. 8B is a view showing a cross section of the guide rail.
FIG. 9 is an elevation action diagram of the elevation link mechanism.
FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view showing another embodiment of the guide rail.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Traveling machine body 2a, 2b Traveling crawler 3,3 Endless belt 5 Driving seat 6 Engine 11, 11 Starting wheel 14 Divider 14a Side cover part 15 Weeding tine 16 Stem and fouling device 16b Case 17 Scratching tine 22 Upper link 23 Below Link 24 Vertical support rod 25 Digging blade 26 Hydraulic cylinder 53 Roller 54 Guide rail 56 Guide body 61 Auxiliary guide body

Claims (2)

走行機体に、圃場に植生している根菜の根部より下方を振動させて掘り起すためのサブソイラと、始端部を進行方向前側にて圃場面に接近配置させ、後端側を進行方向後側にて上方になるように後傾斜配置させて圃場の根菜類の茎葉部を挟持して引き抜き搬送する左右一対の挟持無端帯と、該左右一対の挟持無端帯による根菜類の茎葉部の挟持搬送過程で前記茎葉部から根部を切り離すための切断手段とを備えてなる根菜収穫機において、
前記左右一対の挟持無端帯の一方の前方には、未堀起し側の根菜類の茎葉部と引き抜くべき根菜類の茎葉部とを振り分けるためのデバイダを設け、該デバイダのケース側面には、前記引き抜くべき根菜類の茎葉部を前記左右一対の挟持無端帯の始端部の間に導くための弾性を有する扁平状のガイド体を突設したことを特徴とする根菜収穫機。
A traveling machine body is arranged to vibrate and dig up the root part of the root vegetable planted in the field, and the start end part is placed close to the farm scene on the front side in the traveling direction, and the rear end side on the rear side in the traveling direction A pair of left and right sandwiched endless belts that sandwich and convey the roots and leaves of the root vegetables in the field while being rearwardly inclined so as to be upward, and the process of sandwiching and transporting the roots and leaves of the root vegetables by the pair of left and right sandwiched endless bands In a root vegetable harvesting machine comprising a cutting means for cutting the root from the stem and leaf,
In front of one of the pair of left and right endless belts, a divider is provided for distributing the roots and leaves of the unveiled root vegetables and the roots and leaves of the root vegetables to be pulled out. A root vegetable harvesting machine characterized in that a flat guide body having elasticity for guiding the stem and leaf portion of the root vegetable to be pulled out between the start end portions of the pair of left and right sandwiched endless bands is provided.
根菜類の茎葉部を引き起こすための茎葉掻き起こし装置を、前記左右一対の挟持無端帯の始端部より前方であって、前記デバイダと横方向に対峙するように配置し、茎葉掻き起こし装置におけるケースの後面には、前記引き抜くべき根菜類の茎葉部を前記左右一対の挟持無端帯の始端部に導くための弾性を有する扁平状の補助ガイド体を突設したことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の根菜収穫機。Case for stem and leaf scraping device, wherein stem and leaf scraping device for causing root and vegetable roots and stems is arranged in front of the end of the pair of left and right sandwiched endless belts so as to face the divider laterally. 2. A flat auxiliary guide body having elasticity for guiding the stems and leaves of the root vegetables to be pulled out to the start ends of the pair of left and right endless bands is provided on the rear surface. The root crop harvesting machine described.
JP17324598A 1998-06-19 1998-06-19 Root crop harvesting machine Expired - Lifetime JP3720583B2 (en)

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