JP3711592B2 - Separation and recovery of plastic molding mixture - Google Patents

Separation and recovery of plastic molding mixture Download PDF

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JP3711592B2
JP3711592B2 JP24848495A JP24848495A JP3711592B2 JP 3711592 B2 JP3711592 B2 JP 3711592B2 JP 24848495 A JP24848495 A JP 24848495A JP 24848495 A JP24848495 A JP 24848495A JP 3711592 B2 JP3711592 B2 JP 3711592B2
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molded body
mixture
polyvinyl chloride
satisfied
molding
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JPH0970827A (en
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正顕 内海
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ウツミリサイクルシステムズ株式会社
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/62Plastics recycling; Rubber recycling

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  • Separation, Recovery Or Treatment Of Waste Materials Containing Plastics (AREA)
  • Analysing Materials By The Use Of Radiation (AREA)
  • Sorting Of Articles (AREA)
  • Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)

Description

【0001】
【発明の技術分野】
本発明は一般消費者などより回収された材質の異なる使用済み成形体のうちからポリ塩化ビニル(PVC)成形体を除去する方法に関する。本発明は薄肉のポリエステル成形体、特にPET(ポリエチレンテレフタレート)製の薄肉の成形体と、同種のポリ塩化ビニル製の成形体とを分別回収する方法であって、スーパーマーケットや流通過程で鶏卵の包装容器などとして広く用いられている軽容器(卵容器)の分別を行う。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
近年、食品、衣料、雑貨、家庭電化製品など様々な製品がスーパーマッケット、ホームセンター、専門店など各種業態の量販店で大量に販売されている。通常、これら製品の多くは、回収されることのないワンウェイのプラスチック容器で包装され、製品購入後は廃棄されるため大量の包装材料が家庭から一般廃棄物として排出されている。このようなプラスチック廃棄物は、通常、焼却、埋め立てにより処理されているが、近年は処理に適した場所が少なくなり、急速に限界に近づきつつある。
【0003】
このような大量のプラスチック廃棄物については、その処理技術の行き詰まりと共に、資源、環境保護の面から近年一般消費者の関心が高まり、これを回収して再使用することが望ましいとの機運が高まっている。特に、鶏卵の包装に用いられている卵容器は使用量も多く、廃棄量が膨大であるところから、回収、再利用の必要性が大きい。
【0004】
しかしながら、これらプラスチックの材質は単一ではなく、同一の材料を揃えて一般消費者から回収することは、殆ど不可能で、選別には極めてコストの負担が大きい。例えば、スーパーマーケットで多量に販売されている卵に用いられている容器の場合、その材質は、ポリ塩化ビニル(PVC)、ポリエチレン、PETなどと異なる。これらのうち、透明度が同程度に高く肉眼で容易には判別のつかない、ポリ塩化ビニル及びPETの卵容器を効率よく分別することは甚だ困難である。
【0005】
【発明の課題及び概要】
本発明の目的は、一般消費者などから回収された材質の異なる使用済みプラスチック成形体のうちからポリ塩化ビニル成形体を除去することにあり、特にポリ塩化ビニル成形体を除去しPET成形体を分別回収する方法を提供することにある。
【0006】
本発明は、ポリ塩化ビニル成形体を含む回収された透明プラスチック成形体混合物の分別方法であって、前記混合物の各成形体に放射線を照射すると共にその透過度Tを測定する第1工程、及び前記混合物の成形体の平均肉厚をt(mm)とした場合に、測定された透過度Tが下式: −logT ≧ 2.85t (a)
好ましくは −logT ≧ 0.55t+0.1 (a')
(式中、t≧0.05mm)を満たすか否かを判別し、上記の式を満たす時に当該成形体に対して成形体の排出手段を起動してポリ塩化ビニル成形体を所定の区分に収納する第2工程を有してなるプラスチック成形体混合物の分別回収法を提供するものである。本発明では、所定の長さの被検体の行路長のもとにポリ塩化ビニルと他のプラスチックとの放射線透過度の相違にもとづき、これらの選別を確実に行う。
【0007】
【発明の詳細な開示及び実施の態様】
つぎに本発明の分別法を卵容器について実施した場合について図面を参照しながら具体的に説明する。本発明の分別回収法では、使用後に回収されたプラスチック成形体、特に薄肉の透明プラスチック製の開放成形体を材質により分別する。このような薄肉(厚さ約0.1〜0.5mm、通常0.2〜0.3mm)の開放された積み重ね可能な軽容器には、種々のものがある。具体的にはスーパーマーケットや量販店、流通過程などで広く使用されている各種の食品トレイ、卵容器、あるいはICトレイなどの工業用トレイ等が挙げられ、特に代表的な成形体として卵容器がある。これら成形体のうち、透明性の高いポリ塩化ビニル製、ポリエステル製の成形体は、ポリスチレン、ポリエチレンなど他の原料でできた成形体より透明性が高く、肉眼により容易に識別できる。本発明の分別回収法では、他の成形体から肉眼によりポリエステル成形体及びポリ塩化ビニル成形体を予備分別し、この回収成形体から再利用が容易で汎用性の高く有用なポリエステル成形体のみを分別回収するのがよい。
【0008】
分別装置に投入されたプラスチック成形体混合物の各成形体は順次、放射線の透過度が測定され、その値に基づきPET成形体とポリ塩化ビニル成形体とに分別される。ここで用いられる放射線としては、X線、α線、γ線などが挙げられるが、特にX線が好ましい。このような装置としてはX線を用いた従来公知の材料分別装置などがある。
【0009】
図1は本発明の分別回収法の一実施態様を具体的に示した概略図である。図1に示すように、前記のごとく予備分別された卵容器などの回収成形体1をコンベア2の上に置き移動させる。ここで分別のためX線が照射される成形体の各検体は1枚でもよく、又積み重ねてもよいが一定の範囲内とするのがよく、最大10枚、好ましくは最大5枚である。これより成形体混合物の積み重なり数が多いと、数枚中に1枚のポリ塩化ビニルが混入する混合物から正確にポリ塩化ビニルの混入のない成形体から識別することができない。
【0010】
装置に投入されコンベア2上を移動する成形体1の上方にはX線源3が設置されており、成形体1にX線を照射し、成形体の下方に設置した検知器4によりX線強度を測定する。つぎに、得られた測定値に基づき、演算部5において成形体のX線透過度を算出する。ここで分別すべき成形体の肉厚をt(mm)とした場合、これらとX線透過度Tとの関係が、次式:−logT≧2.85t (a)
(式中、≧0.05mm)を満足するか否かを判別し、式 ( ) を満たす時に当該容器をポリ塩化ビニルと判断して成形体排出手段を起動し所定の収納場所へ排除する。また、好ましくは、−logT ≧ 0.55t+0.1のとき成形体の排除を行うとPET成形体中へのPVC成形体の混入の危険性がより少ない。したがって、例えば成形体のシート厚さtが0.2(mm)においてT=0.56以下、好ましくはT=0.81以下、またシート厚さ0.3(mm)においてはT=0.43以下、好ましくはT=0.76以下の透過度でそれぞれ排出手段を起動する。
【0011】
排出は測定の一定時間後、コンベア2の先端付近に設けられたエアー噴出口6より圧縮空気を噴出させ測定した成形体を吹き飛ばしPVC収納箱7に分別する。PVC成形体の排出手段としては、このような空気圧であってもよく、コンベアその他、公知の移動あるいは排除手段を用いてもよい。
【0012】
一方、演算部5における演算結果が式(a)又は式(a')を満たさない場合、成形体1はPET成形体と判断され、噴出口6は作動せずコンベア2の終端で落下しPET収納箱8に回収される。
【0013】
このようにして分別回収されたPET原料は、熔融原料として再度食品トレイ、ボトル、卵容器、工業用トレイなどとして再使用することができる。
【0014】
[試験1]
成形体の肉厚をt(mm)としてX線透過度Tを測定した場合、−logT≧2.85tにて圧縮空気が噴出するように図1の装置を設定した。一方、回収した卵容器の内から肉眼にて透明度の明らかに高いPET製又はPVC製と判定されるもの1000個を予備選別した(いずれもシート厚さ0.2mm)。この混合容器をばらばらに容器の重なりが3枚以下であるよう、順次、コンベア上に載せ、移動させながら卵容器に放射線源よりX線を照射した。検知器で測定した値を演算部で処理して透過度を算出すると共に式(a)を用いて材料の判別を行った。この結果、全ての回収容器をPETとPVCとに識別できた。
【0015】
[試験2]
前記と同様にして、シート厚さ0.3mmのPET容器とPVC容器、合計1500枚を図1の装置に投入した。投入にあたっては最大の容器の重なりが3枚であるように調整した。この結果、全ての回収容器をPETとPVCとに識別できた。
【0016】
[試験3]
成形体の肉厚をt(mm)としてX線透過度Tを測定した場合、−logT≧0.55t+0.1にて圧縮空気が噴出するように図1の装置を設定した。一方、回収した卵容器の内から肉眼にて透明度の明らかに高いPET製又はPVC製と判定されるもの3000個を予備選別した(いずれもシート厚さ0.2mm)。この混合容器を5枚ずつ重ねて順次コンベア上に載せ、移動させながら卵容器に放射線源よりX線を照射した。検知器で測定した値を演算部で処理して透過度を算出すると共に式(a')を用いて材料の判別を行った。この結果、5枚を重ねた容器のうち少なくともPVC容器1枚を含む混合物は排除され、回収PET容器中にPVC容器の混入は全くなかった。
【0017】
【発明の効果】
本発明の分別回収法によれば、ポリ塩化ビニル容器を確実、容易に排除することができ、PET成形体のみを効率よくまとめて分別回収し資源の再利用が可能となる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の分別方法を示す概略図である。
【符号の説明】
1 成形体
2 コンベア
3 X線源
4 検知器
5 演算部
6 エアー噴出口
7 PVC収納箱
8 PET収納箱
[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method of removing a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) molded body from used molded bodies of different materials collected by general consumers. The present invention is a method for separating and recovering a thin-walled polyester molded body, in particular, a thin-walled molded body made of PET (polyethylene terephthalate) and a molded body of the same kind of polyvinyl chloride. Sort light containers (egg containers) widely used as containers.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In recent years, various products such as food, clothing, miscellaneous goods, and home appliances have been sold in large quantities at mass retailers of various business types such as supermarkets, home centers, and specialty stores. Usually, many of these products are packaged in one-way plastic containers that are not collected, and are discarded after the product is purchased. Therefore, a large amount of packaging materials are discharged from households as general waste. Such plastic waste is usually processed by incineration or landfilling, but recently there are few places suitable for processing, and the limit is rapidly approaching.
[0003]
With regard to such a large amount of plastic waste, in addition to the deadlock in its processing technology, the interest of general consumers has increased in recent years from the viewpoint of resources and environmental protection, and there has been an increased momentum that it is desirable to collect and reuse it. ing. In particular, egg containers used for packaging eggs are used in large quantities, and the amount of waste is enormous. Therefore, there is a great need for collection and reuse.
[0004]
However, these plastic materials are not single, and it is almost impossible to collect the same materials and collect them from general consumers, and sorting is extremely costly. For example, in the case of containers used for eggs sold in large quantities in supermarkets, the material is different from polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene, PET, and the like. Of these, it is very difficult to efficiently separate polyvinyl chloride and PET egg containers, which have the same level of transparency and cannot be easily discerned with the naked eye.
[0005]
[Problems and Summary of the Invention]
An object of the present invention is to remove a polyvinyl chloride molded body from used plastic molded bodies of different materials collected from general consumers and the like. In particular, the polyvinyl chloride molded body is removed and a PET molded body is removed. It is to provide a method for separate collection.
[0006]
The present invention provides a recovered method of separating the transparent plastic formed form a mixture comprising a polyvinyl chloride moldings, the first step of measuring the transmittance T with radiation to the shaped body of said mixture, When the average thickness of the molded body of the mixture is t (mm), the measured permeability T is expressed by the following formula: −log T ≧ 2.85 t (a)
Preferably -logT ≧ 0.55t + 0.1 (a ′)
It is determined whether or not (where t ≧ 0.05 mm) is satisfied, and when the above equation is satisfied , the molded body discharge means is activated for the molded body to divide the polyvinyl chloride molded body into a predetermined section. fractionation method of recovering plastic molding mixture comprising a second step of storing in which are subjected Hisage. In the present invention, based on the difference in the radiation transmittance between polyvinyl chloride and other plastics based on the path length of the subject having a predetermined length, the selection is surely performed.
[0007]
Detailed Disclosure and Implementation of the Invention
Next, the case where the separation method of the present invention is performed on an egg container will be specifically described with reference to the drawings. In the separation and recovery method of the present invention, a plastic molded body recovered after use, particularly an open molded body made of a thin transparent plastic, is sorted according to the material. There are various open and stackable light containers having such a thin wall (thickness of about 0.1 to 0.5 mm, usually 0.2 to 0.3 mm). Specific examples include various food trays, egg containers, and industrial trays such as IC trays that are widely used in supermarkets, mass retailers, distribution processes, and the like. . Among these molded products, highly molded products made of polyvinyl chloride and polyester are more transparent than molded products made of other raw materials such as polystyrene and polyethylene, and can be easily identified with the naked eye. In the separation and recovery method of the present invention, a polyester molded body and a polyvinyl chloride molded body are preliminarily separated from other molded bodies with the naked eye, and only a useful polyester molded body that is easy to reuse and highly versatile is used from the collected molded body. Separated collection is recommended.
[0008]
Each molded body of the plastic molded body mixture charged in the sorting device is measured for the transmittance of radiation in sequence, and is classified into a PET molded body and a polyvinyl chloride molded body based on the measured value. Examples of radiation used here include X-rays, α-rays, and γ-rays, with X-rays being particularly preferable. As such an apparatus, there is a conventionally known material separation apparatus using X-rays.
[0009]
FIG. 1 is a schematic view specifically showing one embodiment of the fractional recovery method of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1, a recovered molded body 1 such as an egg container preliminarily sorted as described above is placed on a conveyor 2 and moved. Here, each specimen of the molded body irradiated with X-rays for separation may be one sheet or may be stacked, but it should be within a certain range, and a maximum of 10 sheets, preferably a maximum of 5 sheets. If the number of stacks of the molded product mixture is larger than this, it is impossible to accurately distinguish from a mixture in which one polyvinyl chloride is mixed in several sheets from a molded body in which polyvinyl chloride is not mixed.
[0010]
An X-ray source 3 is installed above the molded body 1 that is loaded into the apparatus and moves on the conveyor 2. The X-ray source 3 is irradiated to the molded body 1, and X-rays are detected by a detector 4 installed below the molded body. Measure strength. Next, the X-ray transmittance of each molded body is calculated in the calculation unit 5 based on the obtained measurement value. Here, when the thickness of the molded body to be sorted is t (mm), the relationship between these and the X-ray transmittance T is expressed by the following formula: -logT ≧ 2.85t (a)
It is determined whether or not (wherein ≧ 0.05 mm) is satisfied, and when the expression ( a ) is satisfied, the container is determined to be polyvinyl chloride, and the molded body discharging means is activated and removed to a predetermined storage location. . In addition, preferably, when the molded body is excluded when -logT ≧ 0.55t + 0.1, there is less risk of mixing the PVC molded body into the PET molded body. Therefore, for example, when the sheet thickness t of the formed body is 0.2 (mm), T = 0.56 or less, preferably T = 0.81 or less, and when the sheet thickness is 0.3 (mm), T = 0. Each discharging means is activated at a transmittance of 43 or less, preferably T = 0.76 or less.
[0011]
The discharge is carried out after a certain time of measurement, and compressed air is blown out from an air outlet 6 provided in the vicinity of the front end of the conveyor 2, and the measured compact is blown away and separated into a PVC storage box 7. As the discharge means for the PVC molded body, such air pressure may be used, and a known moving or removing means such as a conveyor may be used.
[0012]
On the other hand, when the calculation result in the calculation unit 5 does not satisfy the formula (a) or the formula (a ′), the molded body 1 is determined to be a PET molded body, and the jet nozzle 6 does not operate and falls at the end of the conveyor 2 and is PET. It is collected in the storage box 8.
[0013]
The PET raw material thus separated and collected can be reused as a molten raw material again as a food tray, a bottle, an egg container, an industrial tray or the like.
[0014]
[Test 1]
The apparatus of FIG. 1 was set so that compressed air was ejected at −log T ≧ 2.85 t when the thickness of the molded body was t (mm) and the X-ray transmittance T was measured. On the other hand, from the collected egg containers, 1000 pieces that were judged to be made of PET or PVC, which were clearly highly transparent with the naked eye, were preliminarily selected (each has a sheet thickness of 0.2 mm). The mixing container was placed on a conveyor in order so that the container overlap was 3 or less, and the egg container was irradiated with X-rays from a radiation source while being moved. The value measured by the detector was processed by the calculation unit to calculate the transmittance, and the material was discriminated using equation (a). As a result, all the recovery containers could be identified as PET and PVC.
[0015]
[Test 2]
In the same manner as described above, a total of 1500 PET containers and PVC containers having a sheet thickness of 0.3 mm were put into the apparatus of FIG. When charging, the maximum container overlap was adjusted to 3 sheets. As a result, all the recovery containers could be identified as PET and PVC.
[0016]
[Test 3]
The apparatus of FIG. 1 was set so that compressed air was ejected at −log T ≧ 0.55 t + 0.1 when the thickness of the molded body was t (mm) and the X-ray transmittance T was measured. On the other hand, from the collected egg containers, 3000 pieces judged to be made of PET or PVC, which were clearly highly transparent with the naked eye, were preliminarily selected (each has a sheet thickness of 0.2 mm). Five of these mixing containers were stacked one by one on the conveyor, and the egg container was irradiated with X-rays from a radiation source while being moved. The value measured by the detector was processed by the calculation unit to calculate the transmittance, and the material was discriminated using the equation (a ′). As a result, the mixture containing at least one PVC container out of the five stacked containers was excluded, and there was no mixing of the PVC container in the collected PET container.
[0017]
【The invention's effect】
According to the separation and recovery method of the present invention, the polyvinyl chloride container can be reliably and easily removed, and only the PET molded body can be efficiently collected and separated and the resources can be reused.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a fractionation method of the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Molded object 2 Conveyor 3 X-ray source 4 Detector 5 Calculation part 6 Air outlet 7 PVC storage box 8 PET storage box

Claims (5)

ポリ塩化ビニル成形体を含む回収された透明プラスチック成形体混合物の分別方法であって、
前記混合物の各成形体に放射線を照射すると共にその透過度Tを測定する第1工程、及び前記混合物の成形体の平均肉厚をt(mm)とした場合に、測定された透過度Tが下式:
−logT ≧ 2.85t (a)
(式中、t≧0.05mm)を満たすか否かを判別し、式 ( ) を満たす時に当該成形体に対して成形体排出手段を起動してポリ塩化ビニル成形体を所定の区分に収納する第2工程を有してなるプラスチック成形体混合物の分別回収法。
A recovered method of separating the transparent plastic formed form a mixture comprising a polyvinyl chloride moldings,
In the first step of irradiating each molded body of the mixture with radiation and measuring the transmittance T, and when the average thickness of the molded body of the mixture is t (mm), the measured transmittance T is The following formula:
-LogT ≧ 2.85t (a)
It is determined whether or not (where t ≧ 0.05 mm) is satisfied, and when the expression ( a ) is satisfied , the molded body discharge means is activated for the molded body to divide the polyvinyl chloride molded body into a predetermined section. A method for separating and collecting a plastic molded product mixture comprising a second step of storing.
測定された透過度Tが下式:−logT ≧ 0.55t+0.1 (a')
(式中、t≧0.05mm)を満たすか否かを判別し、式 ( ') を満たす時に当該成形体に対して成形体排出手段を起動する請求項1の分別回収法。
The measured transmittance T is expressed by the following formula: −logT ≧ 0.55t + 0.1 (a ′)
2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein it is determined whether or not (where t ≧ 0.05 mm) is satisfied, and when the expression ( a ′) is satisfied , the compact discharge unit is activated for the compact.
透明プラスチック成形体混合物がポリ塩化ビニル成形体とポリエステル成形体との混合物である請求項1又は2の分別回収法。 The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the transparent plastic molding mixture is a mixture of a polyvinyl chloride molding and a polyester molding. 透明プラスチック成形体混合物の各成形体が、積み重ね可能な薄肉の開放容器である請求項1〜3いずれかの分別回収法。The separation and recovery method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein each molded body of the transparent plastic molded body mixture is a thin open container that can be stacked. ポリエステル成形体がポリエチレンテレフタレート成形体であり、放射線がX線である請求項3又は4の分別回収法。 The method according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the polyester molding is a polyethylene terephthalate molding and the radiation is X-rays.
JP24848495A 1995-09-01 1995-09-01 Separation and recovery of plastic molding mixture Expired - Fee Related JP3711592B2 (en)

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